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Davis HA, Kells M, Patarinski AGG, Wildes JE. Preliminary associations of body weight, weight bias, and dietary restriction with eating disorder diagnosis in women experiencing food insecurity. Eat Disord 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38402578 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2024.2322322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the co-occurrence of food insecurity and eating disorders is a pressing concern. Several factors have been hypothesized to increase risk for eating disorders in women with food insecurity including dietary restriction, body weight, and weight-related bias, but few studies have tested these factors simultaneously to determine which are associated most strongly with eating disorder status. We tested cross-sectional associations of dietary restriction, current body mass index (BMI), weight suppression (i.e. the difference between current weight and highest weight), and weight bias with eating disorder diagnosis in a sample of 99 self-identified women with current food insecurity (54% White; mean [SD] age = 40.26 [14.33] years). Participants completed two virtual study visits consisting of electronic questionnaires and interviews. A binary logistic regression model was conducted to test relations between the hypothesized correlates and eating disorder diagnostic status in the past 12 months, controlling for age, food insecurity severity, and body dissatisfaction. Higher levels of weight suppression and weight bias, but not current BMI, were significantly associated with the presence of an eating disorder. Contrary to our hypothesis, greater dietary restriction was associated with lower likelihood of eating disorder diagnosis. Results suggest high levels of weight bias and weight suppression characterize women with food insecurity who meet criteria for an eating disorder. Women who experience food insecurity and have lost a relatively great deal of weight and/or hold biases about high weight should be screened for eating pathology in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Meredith Kells
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Wildes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Wang Y, Luo Y, Zhao J, Cui Y, Chen H. Peer Teasing and Restrained Eating among Chinese College Students: The Chain Mediating Role of Negative Coping Styles and Negative Physical Self. Nutrients 2024; 16:163. [PMID: 38201993 PMCID: PMC10780784 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether negative coping styles and negative physical self sequentially mediate the relationship between peer teasing and restrained eating among Chinese university students. In total, 1127 participants (66.9% women, average age = 18.43 years; age range, 14-26 years) completed the Perception of Teasing Scale, Coping Style Questionnaire, Negative Physical Self Scale, and the Chinese version of the Restraint Scale. The mediational analysis showed that, after controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), peer teasing was related to restrained eating behaviors through (a) the mediating effect of negative coping styles, (b) the mediating effect of negative physical self, and (c) the chain-mediating effect of negative coping styles and negative physical self. This study showed for the first time that negative coping styles and negative physical self may chain mediate the association between peer teasing and restrained eating. It also provides suggestions for clinical practices as to strategies for controlling restrained eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwansu Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- China Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- China Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- China Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yicen Cui
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- China Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- China Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China
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Bourke M, Pila E. Body-related self-conscious emotions, self-compassion, and dietary restraint in Canadian undergraduate university students: A multilevel mediation and moderation analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:2131-2141. [PMID: 37610052 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-compassion has an inverse association with dietary restraint however, the mechanisms linking self-compassion and dietary restraint are not clear. This study aimed to determine to what extent self-compassion was inversely concurrently related to dietary restraint, indirectly through body-related self-conscious emotions, and to what extent trait self-compassion moderated the concurrent within-person association between body-related self-conscious emotions and dietary restraint. METHOD Data was collected from 224 Canadian university students who reported on trait self-compassion at baseline and body-related shame, guilt, envy, and embarrassment, and dietary restraint biweekly between November 2020 and August 2021. RESULTS Results from a 2-1-1 multilevel mediation model showed that trait self-compassion was indirectly concurrently related to dietary restraint through body-related shame, guilt, envy, and embarrassment. Results from the moderation model showed that there was a significant positive concurrent within-person association between body-related shame, envy, and embarrassment, but not guilt, with dietary restraint. These relationships were not moderated by trait self-compassion. DISCUSSION This study adds to our understanding of the concurrent association between body-related self-conscious emotions and dietary restraint, and the mechanisms through which self-compassion is related to dietary restraint. Given body-related self-conscious emotions were related to dietary restraint at both the within-person and between-person level, both compassion-focused interventions that aim to improve general levels of body-related self-conscious emotions and interventions that aim to overcome spikes in these emotions compared with one's usual level are warranted. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Negative body-related self-conscious emotions were related to higher levels of dietary restraint both across individuals and within individuals over time; and may play a mechanistic role in linking self-compassion with dietary restraint. Interventions aimed at reducing negative body-related self-conscious emotions are warranted in the prevention of eating disorder psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bourke
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Davis HA, Kells M, Todorov S, Kosmas J, Wildes JE. Comorbid eating, depressive, and anxiety psychopathology is associated with elevated shame in women with food insecurity. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1087-1097. [PMID: 36775981 PMCID: PMC10247405 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare participants with current food insecurity and different psychopathology profiles on shame, guilt, anxiety, and depression using a cross-sectional design. METHOD Women with current food insecurity (n = 99; 54% White) were placed into four groups based on their endorsement of symptoms of psychopathology: eating disorder with depression/anxiety comorbidity (ED-C group; n = 17), depression/anxiety only (Depression/anxiety group; n = 34), eating disorder only (ED group; n = 12), and No-diagnosis group (n = 36). Groups were compared on self-report measures of shame, guilt, depression, and anxiety using analysis of covariance. RESULTS The presence of an eating disorder was associated with quadruple the risk of screening positive for comorbid depression and anxiety. The ED-C group reported elevated shame relative to the ED and No-diagnosis groups. The ED-C group reported the highest levels of anxiety, followed by the Depression/anxiety group, and the ED and No-diagnosis groups. DISCUSSION The presence of an eating disorder with comorbidity among women with food insecurity is associated with heightened shame. Given shame's status as a transdiagnostic predictor of psychopathology, it may serve as a putative mechanism underlying the relationship between food insecurity and eating disorder comorbidity. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Women with food insecurity and an ED were more likely to also screen positive for depression and/or anxiety than women with food insecurity and no ED. Overlap between ED, depression, and anxiety was associated with elevated shame, a harmful, maladaptive emotion with negative psychosocial consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Davis
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Psychology, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Meredith Kells
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Nursing, Rochester, NY
| | - Sophia Todorov
- University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL
| | - Jacqueline Kosmas
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago IL
| | - Jennifer E. Wildes
- University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL
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Goode RW, Godoy SM, Olson K, Berg S, Agbozo B, Gwira R, Xu Y, Wolfe H, Bhutani J, Alexander R. "If I start panicking over having enough, then I start eating too much": Understanding the eating behaviors of SNAP recipients in larger bodies during COVID-19. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101741. [PMID: 37229948 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Living in a food-insecure household may increase the risk for disordered eating. Though the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) was designed to reduce food insecurity, it may increase risk for disordered eating with the frequency in which benefits are distributed. Limited research has explored the lived experiences of managing eating behaviors while on SNAP, particularly among SNAP participants in larger bodies, and during COVID-19. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the experiences with eating behaviors among adults with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and who received SNAP benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Eligible adults were recruited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis and content analysis. RESULTS Participants (N = 16), had a mean (±SD) age of 43.4 ± 10.9 years, and overwhelmingly identified as female (86 %). One-third of the participants were Black. We identified 4 main themes: (1) not having enough money/benefits to cover needs; (2) navigating loss of control and emotional eating; (3) making sure the kids are alright; and (4) still feeling the pressure to manage weight. CONCLUSION Managing eating behaviors while also navigating SNAP benefits is complex and may exacerbate risk of disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W Goode
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate Turner Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro St CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, United States of America; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Nutrition Research Institute, 500 Laureate Wy., Kannapolis, NC 28081, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah M Godoy
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate Turner Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro St CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, United States of America
| | - Katie Olson
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate Turner Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro St CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, United States of America
| | - Sophia Berg
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Campus Box #3270 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States of America
| | - Bridgette Agbozo
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate Turner Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro St CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Gwira
- Georgia State University Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, College of Education & Human Development, Suite 950 30 Pryor St. SW, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Statistics & Operations Research University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 318 Hanes Hall, CB #3260, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3260, United States of America
| | - Hannah Wolfe
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate Turner Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro St CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, United States of America
| | - Jaspreet Bhutani
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate Turner Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro St CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, United States of America
| | - Ramine Alexander
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Nutrition Research Institute, 500 Laureate Wy., Kannapolis, NC 28081, United States of America.
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Richson BN, Hazzard VM, Christensen KA, Hagan KE. Do the SCOFF items function differently by food-security status in U.S. college students?: Statistically, but not practically, significant differences. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101743. [PMID: 37209568 PMCID: PMC10681748 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite food insecurity (FI) being associated with eating disorders (EDs), little research has examined if ED screening measures perform differently in individuals with FI. This study tested whether items on the SCOFF performed differently as a function of FI. As many people with FI hold multiple marginalized identities, this study also tested if the SCOFF performs differently as a function of food-security status in individuals with different gender identities and different perceived weight statuses. Data were from the 2020/2021 Healthy Minds Study (N = 122,269). Past-year FI was established using the two-item Hunger Vital Sign. Differential item functioning (DIF) assessed whether SCOFF items performed differently (i.e., had different probabilities of endorsement) in groups of individuals with FI versus those without. Both uniform DIF (constant between-group difference in item-endorsement probability across ED pathology) and non-uniform DIF (variable between-group difference in item-endorsement probability across ED pathology) were examined. Several SCOFF items demonstrated both statistically significant uniform and non-uniform DIF (ps < .001), but no instances of DIF reached practical significance (as indicated by effect sizes pseudo ΔR2 ≥ 0.035; all pseudo ΔR2's ≤ 0.006). When stratifying by gender identity and weight status, although most items demonstrated statistically significant DIF, only the SCOFF item measuring body-size perception showed practically significant non-uniform DIF for perceived weight status. Findings suggest the SCOFF is an appropriate screening measure for ED pathology among college students with FI and provide preliminary support for using the SCOFF in individuals with FI and certain marginalized identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne N Richson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Vivienne M Hazzard
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kara A Christensen
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Kelsey E Hagan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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