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Neyhart JL, Kantar MB, Zalapa J, Vorsa N. Genomic-environmental associations in wild cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac203. [PMID: 35944211 PMCID: PMC9526045 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of local adaptation in natural plant populations, particularly crop wild relatives, may be highly useful for plant breeding. By characterizing genetic variation for adaptation to potentially stressful environmental conditions, breeders can make targeted use of crop wild relatives to develop cultivars for novel or changing environments. This is especially appealing for improving long-lived woody perennial crops such as the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.), the cultivation of which is challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we used environmental association analyses in a collection of 111 wild cranberry accessions to identify potentially adaptive genomic regions for a range of bioclimatic and soil conditions. We detected 126 significant associations between SNP marker loci and environmental variables describing temperature, precipitation, and soil attributes. Many of these markers tagged genes with functional annotations strongly suggesting a role in adaptation to biotic or abiotic conditions. Despite relatively low genetic variation in cranberry, our results suggest that local adaptation to divergent environments is indeed present, and the identification of potentially adaptive genetic variation may enable a selective use of this germplasm for breeding more stress-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Neyhart
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Genetic Improvement for Fruits & Vegetables Laboratory, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA
| | - Michael B Kantar
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Juan Zalapa
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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2
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Medina-Lozano I, Bertolín JR, Díaz A. Nutritional value of commercial and traditional lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and wild relatives: Vitamin C and anthocyanin content. Food Chem 2021; 359:129864. [PMID: 33962194 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lettuce is the most consumed leafy vegetable though the most popular varieties have a low nutritional value. Our objective was to accurately quantify vitamin C and anthocyanins in wild relatives, and commercial and traditional varieties. Wild species and traditional varieties contained more total ascorbic acid (TAA) than commercial varieties (21% and 8%, respectively). In contrast, commercial varieties had significantly higher content of anthocyanins than traditional varieties and wild species (6 and 8 times more, respectively). TAA was significantly higher in green than in red lettuces (18%). TAA was also significantly higher in the leaves of two wild species than in stems. Cyanidin 3-O-(6'-O-malonylglucoside) was the most abundant anthocyanin (97%), present in most samples. The rankings of accessions by vitamin C and anthocyanin contents can be useful for consumers worried about the impacts of food on their wellbeing and for breeders aiming to improve lettuce by biofortification with health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Medina-Lozano
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Bertolín
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aurora Díaz
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.
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3
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Damerum A, Smith HK, Clarkson G, Truco MJ, Michelmore RW, Taylor G. The genetic basis of water-use efficiency and yield in lettuce. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:237. [PMID: 34044761 PMCID: PMC8157645 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water supply limits agricultural productivity of many crops including lettuce. Identifying cultivars within crop species that can maintain productivity with reduced water supply is a significant challenge, but central to developing resilient crops for future water-limited climates. We investigated traits known to be related to water-use efficiency (WUE) and yield in lettuce, a globally important leafy salad crop, in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) lettuce mapping population, produced from a cross between the cultivated Lactuca sativa L. cv. Salinas and its wild progenitor L. serriola L. RESULTS Wild and cultivated lettuce differed in their WUE and we observed transgressive segregation in yield and water-use traits in the RILs. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis identified genomic regions controlling these traits under well-watered and droughted conditions. QTL were detected for carbon isotope discrimination, transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature and yield, controlling 4-23 % of the phenotypic variation. A QTL hotspot was identified on chromosome 8 that controlled carbon isotope discrimination, stomatal conductance and yield under drought. Several promising candidate genes in this region were associated with WUE, including aquaporins, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, an abscisic acid-responsive element binding protein and glutathione S-transferases involved in redox homeostasis following drought stress were also identified. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we have characterised the genetic basis of WUE of lettuce, a commercially important and water demanding crop. We have identified promising candidate genomic regions determining WUE and yield under well-watered and water-limiting conditions, providing important pre-breeding data for future lettuce selection and breeding where water productivity will be a key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Damerum
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Hazel K Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Present address: Vitacress Salads, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, SP11 6DB, Hampshire, UK
| | - Gjj Clarkson
- Present address: Vitacress Salads, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, SP11 6DB, Hampshire, UK
| | - Maria José Truco
- The Genome Centre, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | | | - Gail Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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4
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Kumar P, Eriksen RL, Simko I, Mou B. Molecular Mapping of Water-Stress Responsive Genomic Loci in Lettuce ( Lactuca spp.) Using Kinetics Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning. Front Genet 2021; 12:634554. [PMID: 33679897 PMCID: PMC7935093 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.634554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep understanding of genetic architecture of water-stress tolerance is critical for efficient and optimal development of water-stress tolerant cultivars, which is the most economical and environmentally sound approach to maintain lettuce production with limited irrigation. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production in areas with limited precipitation relies heavily on the use of ground water for irrigation. Lettuce plants are highly susceptible to water-stress, which also affects their nutrient uptake efficiency. Water stressed plants show reduced growth, lower biomass, and early bolting and flowering resulting in bitter flavors. Traditional phenotyping methods to evaluate water-stress are labor intensive, time-consuming and prone to errors. High throughput phenotyping platforms using kinetic chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral imaging can effectively attain physiological traits related to photosynthesis and secondary metabolites that can enhance breeding efficiency for water-stress tolerance. Kinetic chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral imaging along with traditional horticultural traits identified genomic loci affected by water-stress. Supervised machine learning models were evaluated for their accuracy to distinguish water-stressed plants and to identify the most important water-stress related parameters in lettuce. Random Forest (RF) had classification accuracy of 89.7% using kinetic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and Neural Network (NN) had classification accuracy of 89.8% using hyperspectral imaging derived vegetation indices. The top ten chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and vegetation indices selected by sequential forward selection by RF and NN were genetically mapped using a L. sativa × L. serriola interspecific recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. A total of 25 quantitative trait loci (QTL) segregating for water-stress related horticultural traits, 26 QTL for the chlorophyll fluorescence traits and 34 QTL for spectral vegetation indices (VI) were identified. The percent phenotypic variation (PV) explained by the horticultural QTL ranged from 6.41 to 19.5%, PV explained by chlorophyll fluorescence QTL ranged from 6.93 to 13.26% while the PV explained by the VI QTL ranged from 7.2 to 17.19%. Eight QTL clusters harboring co-localized QTL for horticultural traits, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and VI were identified on six lettuce chromosomes. Molecular markers linked to the mapped QTL clusters can be targeted for marker-assisted selection to develop water-stress tolerant lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, United States
| | - Renee L Eriksen
- Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ivan Simko
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, United States
| | - Beiquan Mou
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, United States
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5
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Damerum A, Chapman MA, Taylor G. Innovative breeding technologies in lettuce for improved post-harvest quality. POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 168:111266. [PMID: 33012992 PMCID: PMC7397847 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Societal awareness of healthy eating is increasing alongside the market for processed bagged salads, which remain as one of the strongest growing food sectors internationally, including most recently from indoor growing systems. Lettuce represents a significant proportion of this ready-to-eat salad market. However, such products typically have a short shelf life, with decay of post-harvest quality occurring through complex biochemical and physiological changes in leaves and resulting in spoilage, food waste and risks to health. We review the functional and quantitative genetic understanding of lettuce post-harvest quality, revealing that few findings have translated into improved cultivar development. We identify (i) phytonutrient status (for enhanced antioxidant and vitamin status, aroma and flavour) (ii) leaf biophysical, cell wall and water relations traits (for longer shelf life) (iii) leaf surface traits (for enhanced food safety and reduced spoilage) and (iv) chlorophyll, other pigments and developmental senescence traits (for appearance and colour), as key targets for future post-harvest breeding. Lettuce is well-placed for rapid future exploitation to address postharvest quality traits with extensive genomic resources including the recent release of the lettuce genome and the development of innovative breeding technologies. Although technologies such as CRISPR/Cas genome editing are paving the way for accelerated crop improvement, other equally important resources available for lettuce include extensive germplasm collections, bi-parental mapping and wide populations with genotyping for genomic selection strategies and extensive multiomic datasets for candidate gene discovery. We discuss current progress towards post-harvest quality breeding for lettuce and how such resources may be utilised for future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Damerum
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Mark A Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO179BJ, UK
| | - Gail Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO179BJ, UK
- Corresponding author at: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
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6
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Patella A, Palumbo F, Galla G, Barcaccia G. The Molecular Determination of Hybridity and Homozygosity Estimates in Breeding Populations of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E916. [PMID: 31717592 PMCID: PMC6895879 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new varieties of horticultural crops benefits from the integration of conventional and molecular marker-assisted breeding schemes in order to combine phenotyping and genotyping information. In this study, a selected panel of 16 microsatellite markers were used in different steps of a breeding programme of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., 2 n = 18). Molecular markers were first used to genotype 71 putative parental lines and to plan 89 controlled crosses designed to maximise recombination potentials. The resulting 871 progeny plants were then molecularly screened, and their marker allele profiles were compared with the profiles expected based on the parental lines. The average cross-pollination success rate was 68 ± 33%, so 602 F1 hybrids were completely identified. Unexpected genotypes were detected in 5% of cases, consistent with this species' spontaneous out-pollination rate. Finally, in a later step of the breeding programme, 47 different F3 progenies, selected by phenotyping for a number of morphological descriptors, were characterised in terms of their observed homozygosity and within-population genetic uniformity and stability. Ten of these populations had a median homozygosity above 90% and a median genetic similarity above 95% and are, therefore, particularly suitable for pre-commercial trials. In conclusion, this study shows the synergistic effects and advantages of conventional and molecular methods of selection applied in different steps of a breeding programme aimed at developing new varieties of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Palumbo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy; (A.P.); (G.G.); (G.B.)
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Bulgari R, Trivellini A, Ferrante A. Effects of Two Doses of Organic Extract-Based Biostimulant on Greenhouse Lettuce Grown Under Increasing NaCl Concentrations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1870. [PMID: 30666260 PMCID: PMC6330896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of plant tolerance toward abiotic stresses is increasingly being supported by the application of biostimulants. Salinity represents a serious problem in the Mediterranean region. To verify the effects deriving from the application of biostimulants, trials on Romaine lettuce plants under salt exposure were performed, in greenhouse. Plants were subjected to three NaCl solutions with 0.8, 1.3, and 1.8 dS/m of electrical conductivity. The volume of the solution was 200 mL/plant and delivered every 3 days. Biostimulant treatments started after crop establishment and were: control (water) and two doses (0.1 or 0.2 mL/plant) of the commercial biostimulant Retrosal® (Valagro S.p.A), containing calcium, zinc, and specific active ingredients. Four Retrosal® treatments were applied, every 7 days, directly to the substrate. Non-destructive analyses were conducted to assess the effects on leaf photosynthetic efficiency. At harvest, plants fresh weight (FW) and dry weight were determined, as well as the concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, total sugars, nitrate, proline, and abscisic acid (ABA). The biostimulant tested increased significantly the FW of lettuce (+65% in the highest dose) compared to controls. Results indicate that treatments positively affected the chlorophyll content measured in vivo (+45% in the highest dose) and that a general positive effect was observable on net photosynthesis rate. Retrosal® seems to improve the gas exchanges under our experimental conditions. The total sugars levels were not affected by treatments. Biostimulant allowed maintaining nitrate concentration similar to the untreated and unstressed controls. The increasing levels of water salinity caused a raise in proline concentration in control plants (+85%); biostimulant treatments at 0.2 mL/plant dose kept lower the proline levels. All plants treated with the biostimulant showed lower value of ABA (-34%) compared to controls. Results revealed that Retrosal® is able to stimulate plant growth independently from the salinity exposure. However, treated plants reached faster the commercial maturity stage. The fresh biomass of control at the end of experiment, after 30 days, ranged from 15 to 42 g/head, while in biostimulant treated plants ranged from 45 to 94 g/head. The product applied at maximum dose seems to be the most effective in our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bulgari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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8
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Bigelow PJ, Loescher W, Hancock JF, Grumet R. Influence of intergenotypic competition on multigenerational persistence of abiotic stress resistance transgenes in populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. Evol Appl 2018; 11:950-962. [PMID: 29928302 PMCID: PMC5999209 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing crop losses due to abiotic stresses is a major target of agricultural biotechnology that will increase with climate change and global population growth. Concerns, however, have been raised about potential ecological impacts if transgenes become established in wild populations and cause increased competitiveness of weedy or invasive species. Potential risks will be a function of transgene movement, population sizes, and fitness effects on the recipient population. While key components influencing gene flow have been extensively investigated, there have been few studies on factors subsequent to transgene movement that can influence persistence and competitiveness. Here, we performed multiyear, multigenerational, assessment to examine fitness effects and persistence of three mechanistically different abiotic stress tolerance genes: C-repeat binding factor 3/drought responsive element binding factor 1a (CBF3/DREB1a); Salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1); and Mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR). Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing these genes were grown in pure populations and in competition with wild-type (WT) parents for six generations spanning a range of field environment conditions. Growth, development, biomass, seed production, and transgene frequency were measured at each generation. Seed planted for each generation was obtained from the previous generation as would occur during establishment of a new genotype in the environment. The three transgenes exhibited different fitness effects and followed different establishment trajectories. In comparison with pure populations, CBF3 lines exhibited reduced dry weight, seed yield, and viable seed yield, relative to WT background. In contrast, overexpression of SOS1 and M6PR did not significantly impact productivity measures in pure populations. In competition with WT, negative fitness effects were magnified. Transgene frequencies were significantly reduced for CBF3 and SOS1 while frequencies of M6PR appeared to be subject to genetic drift. These studies demonstrate the importance of fitness effects and intergenotype competition in influencing persistence of transgenes conferring complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Bigelow
- Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and BiotechnologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Wayne Loescher
- Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and BiotechnologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - James F. Hancock
- Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and BiotechnologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Rebecca Grumet
- Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and BiotechnologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
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9
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Bawiec A, Pawęska K, Pulikowski K, Kajewska-Szkudlarek J. Influence of Insolation on the Efficiency of NO 3 Removal from Wastewater Treated in the Hydroponic System. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2018; 229:232. [PMID: 30046197 PMCID: PMC6028864 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-3888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of plants and natural processes for wastewater treatment is an issue that arouses interest among technologists and scientists around the world. The aim of the article was to analyze the influence of the air temperature and insolation on the removal of nitrate nitrogen from the wastewater treated in the hydroponic system, under greenhouse conditions. Samples of sewage for its quality tests were taken from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in the southwestern part of Poland. Data regarding daily sunshine duration and average daily air temperature values in selected periods of 2013-2016 come from a meteorological station located 30 km from WWTP. The conducted research and analyses of the results clearly indicate that under moderate climate conditions, the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface is insufficient to ensure the year-round, effective wastewater treatment process in the hydroponic system. In the case of air temperature, no correlation was found between the tested parameters, which indicates the lack of temperature influence on the efficiency of NO3 removal from the wastewater by macrophytes growing in the lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bawiec
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24 Grunwaldzki Sq., 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawęska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24 Grunwaldzki Sq., 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pulikowski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24 Grunwaldzki Sq., 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Kajewska-Szkudlarek
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24 Grunwaldzki Sq., 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Coser SM, Chowda Reddy RV, Zhang J, Mueller DS, Mengistu A, Wise KA, Allen TW, Singh A, Singh AK. Genetic Architecture of Charcoal Rot ( Macrophomina phaseolina) Resistance in Soybean Revealed Using a Diverse Panel. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1626. [PMID: 28983305 PMCID: PMC5613161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Charcoal rot (CR) disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is responsible for significant yield losses in soybean production. Among the methods available for controlling this disease, breeding for resistance is the most promising. Progress in breeding efforts has been slow due to the insufficient information available on the genetic mechanisms related to resistance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enable unraveling the genetic architecture of resistance and identification of causal genes. The aims of this study were to identify new sources of resistance to CR in a collection of 459 diverse plant introductions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Core Collection using field and greenhouse screenings, and to conduct GWAS to identify candidate genes and associated molecular markers. New sources for CR resistance were identified from both field and greenhouse screening from maturity groups I, II, and III. Five significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and putative candidate genes related to abiotic and biotic stress responses are reported from the field screening; while greenhouse screening revealed eight loci associated with eight candidate gene families, all associated with functions controlling plant defense response. No overlap of markers or genes was observed between field and greenhouse screenings suggesting a complex molecular mechanism underlying resistance to CR in soybean with varied response to different environments; but our findings provide useful information for advancing breeding for CR resistance as well as the genetic mechanism of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Coser
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | | | - Jiaoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Daren S. Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Alemu Mengistu
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceJackson, TN, United States
| | - Kiersten A. Wise
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tom W. Allen
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State UniversityStoneville, MS, United States
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Asheesh K. Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
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11
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Kang P, Bao AK, Kumar T, Pan YQ, Bao Z, Wang F, Wang SM. Assessment of Stress Tolerance, Productivity, and Forage Quality in T 1 Transgenic Alfalfa Co-overexpressing ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 from Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1598. [PMID: 27833624 PMCID: PMC5081344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinization, desertification, and soil nutrient deprivation are threatening the production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in northern China. We have previously generated T0 transgenic alfalfa co-overexpressing Zygophyllum xanthoxylum ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 genes with enhanced salt and drought tolerance. To further develop this excellent breeding material into the new forage cultivar, stress tolerance, productivity, and forage quality of T1 transgenic alfalfa (GM) were assessed in this study. The GM inherited the traits of salt and drought tolerance from T0 generation. Most importantly, co-overexpression of ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 enhanced the tolerance to Pi deficiency in GM, which was associated with more Pi accumulation in plants. Meanwhile, T1 transgenic alfalfa developed a larger root system with increased root size, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio, which may be one important reason for the improvement of phosphorus nutrition and high biomass accumulation in GM under various conditions. GM also accumulated more crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and crude ash than wild-type (WT) plants, especially under stress conditions and in the field. More interestingly, the crude fat contents sharply dropped in WT (by 66-74%), whereas showed no change or decreased less in GM, when subjected to salinity, drought or low-Pi. Our results indicate that T1 transgenic alfalfa co-overexpressing ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 shows stronger stress tolerance, higher productivity and better forage quality. This study provides a solid foundation for creating the alfalfa cultivars with high yield, good quality and wide adaptability on saline, dry, and nutrient-deprived marginal lands of northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- *Correspondence: Ai-Ke Bao, Suo-Min Wang,
| | | | | | | | | | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
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12
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Kerbiriou PJ, Maliepaard CA, Stomph TJ, Koper M, Froissart D, Roobeek I, Lammerts Van Bueren ET, Struik PC. Genetic Control of Water and Nitrate Capture and Their Use Efficiency in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:343. [PMID: 27064203 PMCID: PMC4812043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Robustness in lettuce, defined as the ability to produce stable yields across a wide range of environments, may be associated with below-ground traits such as water and nitrate capture. In lettuce, research on the role of root traits in resource acquisition has been rather limited. Exploring genetic variation for such traits and shoot performance in lettuce across environments can contribute to breeding for robustness. A population of 142 lettuce cultivars was evaluated during two seasons (spring and summer) in two different locations under organic cropping conditions, and water and nitrate capture below-ground and accumulation in the shoots were assessed at two sampling dates. Resource capture in each soil layer was measured using a volumetric method based on fresh and dry weight difference in the soil for soil moisture, and using an ion-specific electrode for nitrate. We used these results to carry out an association mapping study based on 1170 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. We demonstrated that our indirect, high-throughput phenotyping methodology was reliable and capable of quantifying genetic variation in resource capture. QTLs for below-ground traits were not detected at early sampling. Significant marker-trait associations were detected across trials for below-ground and shoot traits, in number and position varying with trial, highlighting the importance of the growing environment on the expression of the traits measured. The difficulty of identifying general patterns in the expression of the QTLs for below-ground traits across different environments calls for a more in-depth analysis of the physiological mechanisms at root level allowing sustained shoot growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline J. Kerbiriou
- Plant Sciences, Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
- Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Chris A. Maliepaard
- Plant Sciences, Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd Jan Stomph
- Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul C. Struik
- Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
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Damerum A, Selmes SL, Biggi GF, Clarkson GJJ, Rothwell SD, Truco MJ, Michelmore RW, Hancock RD, Shellcock C, Chapman MA, Taylor G. Elucidating the genetic basis of antioxidant status in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2015; 2:15055. [PMID: 26640696 PMCID: PMC4660231 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A diet rich in phytonutrients from fruit and vegetables has been acknowledged to afford protection against a range of human diseases, but many of the most popular vegetables are low in phytonutrients. Wild relatives of crops may contain allelic variation for genes determining the concentrations of these beneficial phytonutrients, and therefore understanding the genetic basis of this variation is important for breeding efforts to enhance nutritional quality. In this study, lettuce recombinant inbred lines, generated from a cross between wild and cultivated lettuce (Lactuca serriola and Lactuca sativa, respectively), were analysed for antioxidant (AO) potential and important phytonutrients including carotenoids, chlorophyll and phenolic compounds. When grown in two environments, 96 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for these nutritional traits: 4 for AO potential, 2 for carotenoid content, 3 for total chlorophyll content and 87 for individual phenolic compounds (two per compound on average). Most often, the L. serriola alleles conferred an increase in total AOs and metabolites. Candidate genes underlying these QTL were identified by BLASTn searches; in several cases, these had functions suggesting involvement in phytonutrient biosynthetic pathways. Analysis of a QTL on linkage group 3, which accounted for >30% of the variation in AO potential, revealed several candidate genes encoding multiple MYB transcription factors which regulate flavonoid biosynthesis and flavanone 3-hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol, which are known to have powerful AO activity. Follow-up quantitative RT-PCR of these candidates revealed that 5 out of 10 genes investigated were significantly differentially expressed between the wild and cultivated parents, providing further evidence of their potential involvement in determining the contrasting phenotypes. These results offer exciting opportunities to improve the nutritional content and health benefits of lettuce through marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Damerum
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stacey L Selmes
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gaia F Biggi
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Graham JJ Clarkson
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Vitacress Limited, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire SP11 6DB, UK
| | - Steve D Rothwell
- Vitacress Limited, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire SP11 6DB, UK
| | - Maria José Truco
- The Genome Centre and the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard W Michelmore
- The Genome Centre and the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Chapman
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gail Taylor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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