1
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Han P, Rodriguez-Saona C, Zalucki MP, Liu SS, Desneux N. A theoretical framework to improve the adoption of green Integrated Pest Management tactics. Commun Biol 2024; 7:337. [PMID: 38499741 PMCID: PMC10948852 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture relies on implementing effective, eco-friendly crop protection strategies. However, the adoption of these green tactics by growers is limited by their high costs resulting from the insufficient integration of various components of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). In response, we propose a framework within IPM termed Multi-Dimensional Management of Multiple Pests (3MP). Within this framework, a spatial dimension considers the interactive effects of soil-crop-pest-natural enemy networks on pest prevalence, while a time dimension addresses pest interactions over the crop season. The 3MP framework aims to bolster the adoption of green IPM tactics, thereby extending environmental benefits beyond crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School (SWUGS), Kunming, 650092, China.
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University P.E. Marucci Center, Chatsworth, NJ, USA.
| | - Myron P Zalucki
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Cote d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000, Nice, France
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2
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Lin PA, Kansman J, Chuang WP, Robert C, Erb M, Felton GW. Water availability and plant-herbivore interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2811-2828. [PMID: 36477789 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water is essential to plant growth and drives plant evolution and interactions with other organisms such as herbivores. However, water availability fluctuates, and these fluctuations are intensified by climate change. How plant water availability influences plant-herbivore interactions in the future is an important question in basic and applied ecology. Here we summarize and synthesize the recent discoveries on the impact of water availability on plant antiherbivore defense ecology and the underlying physiological processes. Water deficit tends to enhance plant resistance and escape traits (i.e. early phenology) against herbivory but negatively affects other defense strategies, including indirect defense and tolerance. However, exceptions are sometimes observed in specific plant-herbivore species pairs. We discuss the effect of water availability on species interactions associated with plants and herbivores from individual to community levels and how these interactions drive plant evolution. Although water stress and many other abiotic stresses are predicted to increase in intensity and frequency due to climate change, we identify a significant lack of study on the interactive impact of additional abiotic stressors on water-plant-herbivore interactions. This review summarizes critical knowledge gaps and informs possible future research directions in water-plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-An Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Kansman
- Department of Entomology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Po Chuang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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3
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Blubaugh CK. An omnivore vigour hypothesis? Nutrient availability strengthens herbivore suppression by omnivores across 48 field sites. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:751-759. [PMID: 36695631 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients regulate herbivore growth from the 'bottom-up' via improved plant vigour and food quality. Nitrogen also affects 'top-down' control of herbivores by moderating attraction of predators and the rates at which they consume herbivorous prey. Tri-trophic consequences of nitrogen availability are more challenging to predict among omnivorous natural enemies who feed on both plants and herbivores, limiting our ability to predict net outcomes of nutrient availability in food webs. In a two-year field survey of insects on zucchini host plants at 48 sites, I predicted that both herbivores and foliar-feeding omnivores would increase with nutrient availability, while predators would not. My results revealed positive relationships between omnivores and foliar nitrogen concentrations, while predators had neutral responses to foliar N. Surprisingly, herbivores declined with increasing foliar N across the field sites. Greenhouse experiments re-enforced these patterns, as herbivore growth inversely correlated with soil N concentrations in communities that included foliar-feeding omnivores. Conversely, herbivore growth was uncorrelated with soil N on plants with predators, nor on predator-free plants. These results suggest that omnivores mount strong and consistent responses to nitrogen in plant tissues in a variety of ecological contexts. In environments where omnivorous arthropods can thrive, their recruitment to nitrogen-rich plants may increase predation and thereby counterbalance and stabilize 'bottom-up' increases in herbivore performance supported by enhanced foliar nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Blubaugh
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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4
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Feng L, Du Z, Zhang S, Zhang S, Meng Q, Tajovský K. Omnivorous Notoxus trinotatus Pic (Coleoptera: Anthicidae) is a newly recognized vector of northern leaf blight in maize. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21991. [PMID: 36533994 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The adaptations of omnivorous insects to food are manifested in a multifaceted manner, and the availability of food resources directly determines insect feeding tendencies, which contribute to a complex insect-food relationship and impact insect functionality in the environment. Stable isotope analysis was applied to test the feeding preference and further define the functional role of omnivorous beetles in cropland. Our results confirmed that as an omnivorous beetle, the fungivorous nature of Notoxus trinotatus accounted for a prominent proportion food selection at the adult stage, and more importantly, this dietary feature contributed to the dispersal of the northern corn leaf blight in maize (NLB) during the feeding trials. In addition to the preference for fungi, water supplementation was an essential element extending adult longevity, which directly prolonged the contact time of adults with pathogenic fungi in agricultural fields. Consistent with the herbivorous characteristics of beetles, before the emergence of NLB fungal pathogens, corn tissues served as the main food, which provided the beetles with more opportunities to transmit fungal pathogen propagules. We conclude that the role of N. trinotatus in carrying NLB pathogen is due to its feeding on this plant mycopathogen, and an increased abundance of beetles carrying the pathogen may increase the rate of NLB disease infestation. More focus should be concentrated on the functions of fungivorous beetles, not only as pathogen-transmitting pests, but also as an element among the balanced biotic factors in farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Feng
- Department of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
- Forestry College, Beihua University, Jilin, China
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zhiqi Du
- Forestry College, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qingfan Meng
- Forestry College, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Karel Tajovský
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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5
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Han P, Lavoir AV, Rodriguez-Saona C, Desneux N. Bottom-Up Forces in Agroecosystems and Their Potential Impact on Arthropod Pest Management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 67:239-259. [PMID: 34606362 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-060121-060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up effects are major ecological forces in crop-arthropod pest-natural enemy multitrophic interactions. Over the past two decades, bottom-up effects have been considered key levers for optimizing integrated pest management (IPM). Irrigation, fertilization, crop resistance, habitat manipulation, organic management practices, and landscape characteristics have all been shown to trigger marked bottom-up effects and thus impact pest management. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of bottom-up effects in pest management and the associated mechanisms, and discuss several key study cases showing how bottom-up effects practically promote natural pest control. Bottom-up effects on IPM also contribute to sustainable intensification of agriculture in the context of agricultural transition and climate change. Finally, we highlight new research priorities in this important area. Together with top-down forces (biological control), future advances in understanding ecological mechanisms underlying key bottom-up forces could pave the way for developing novel pest management strategies and new optimized IPM programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China;
| | | | | | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Cote d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France;
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6
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Pekas A, Wäckers FL. Bottom-up Effects on Tri-trophic Interactions: Plant Fertilization Enhances the Fitness of a Primary Parasitoid Mediated by Its Herbivore Host. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2619-2626. [PMID: 32986817 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants play a pivotal role in interactions involving herbivores and their natural enemies. Variation in plant primary and secondary metabolites not only affects herbivores but, directly and indirectly, also their natural enemies. Here, we used a commercial NPK fertilizer to test the impact of three fertilizer, namely 50, 100, and 200 ppm nitrogen, and one control (i.e., water) treatments, on the weight of the nymphs of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Subsequently, the whitefly parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was reared on the different groups of whitefly nymphs and upon parasitoid emergence, the number of oocytes was determined as a measure of reproductive capacity. Trials were done on tomato and tobacco plants. The level of nitrogen concentration in tobacco leaves was directly correlated with the fertilizer applications, thus confirming the effect of our fertilizer treatments. Both in tomato and tobacco plants, healthy as well as parasitized whitefly nymphs, were heaviest in the 200 ppm nitrogen treatment. The highest number of oocytes per female parasitoid was recorded in the 200 ppm nitrogen treatment in tomato (31% more oocytes as compared with the control) and in the 100 and 200 ppm nitrogen treatments in tobacco (200% more oocytes). We suggest that the increase in oocytes was the result of the enhanced size (food quantity) and/or nutritional quality of the whitefly host. The practical implications of these results for the mass rearing of whitefly parasitoids and for biological pest control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix L Wäckers
- Biobest Group N.V., R&D Department, Ilse Velden, Westerlo, Belgium
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7
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Jensen RE, Cabral C, Enkegaard A, Steenberg T. Influence of the plant interacting entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on parasitoid host choice-behavior, development, and plant defense pathways. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238943. [PMID: 32925935 PMCID: PMC7489556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inoculating plants with entomopathogenic fungi may influence plant nutrient uptake and growth, and herbivore performance. Knowledge is limited concerning the effects of this symbiosis on higher trophic levels. We examined how fungal treatment of faba bean seeds with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana influenced the choice-behavior and development of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani. We also sampled plant material for analysis of changes in expression of genes related to plant defense pathways. While parasitoids were compatible with plants inoculated with B. bassiana initially (66 vs. 65% parasitization on inoculated and control plants, respectively; similar development times of parasitoids: 9.2 days), the emergence of adult parasitoids originating from aphids on fungus treated plants was significantly lower (67 vs. 76%, respectively). We also found that the defense response changed, similar to induced systemic resistance, when plants were treated with B. bassiana, similarly to what has been found for other plant symbiotic microorganisms. These novel findings show that although the application of entomopathogenic fungi to plants can alter the plants' defense against herbivores, it may also have an impact on beneficial insects, so their function and use should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmina Cabral
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Denmark
| | - Annie Enkegaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Denmark
| | - Tove Steenberg
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Denmark
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8
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First Report Using a Native Lacewing Species to Control Tuta absoluta: From Laboratory Trials to Field Assessment. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11050286. [PMID: 32392851 PMCID: PMC7290810 DOI: 10.3390/insects11050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a destructive pest on tomato, has invaded most Afro-Eurasian countries. Recently invaded by the pest, most tomato crops in greenhouses and open fields in Tajikistan are currently suffering major damage. While failure in management using chemical insecticide has been frequently observed, alternative options such as biological control is urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) against T. absoluta. In controlled laboratory conditions, C. carnea showed high predation rate on both T. absoluta eggs (i.e., 36 ± 2 eggs within 24 h and 72 ± 4 eggs within 48 h) and larvae, especially it can attack the larvae both inside and outside the leaf galleries (i.e., an average of 22% of the larvae was killed inside, and an average of 35% was killed outside). In a cage exclusion experiment, T. absoluta showed relatively low larval density in the cages with pre-fruiting release of C. carnea, whereas the larval density was four to six times higher in the “no release” cages. In the “post-fruiting release” cages, the pest population that had already built up during the pre-fruiting stage eventually crashed. In an open-field experiment, the tomato crops in control plots were fully destroyed, whereas low levels of larvae density and damage were observed in the biocontrol plots. Moreover, the field release of C. carnea resulted in significantly higher tomato yield than those without release, despite no differences between the “pre-fruiting release” and “post-fruiting release” treatments. We conclude that the local commercial biocontrol agent C. carnea could be promising for the management of T. absoluta in Tajikistan. It is also one of the first reports showing the management of T. absoluta using a lacewing species. The effectiveness should be validated by further field trials in larger area of commercial crops and various locations.
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9
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Faheem M, Saeed S, Sajjad A, Wang S, Ali A. Spatio-temporal variations in wheat aphid populations and their natural enemies in four agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222635. [PMID: 31568475 PMCID: PMC6771227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphids are major pests of wheat crop in Pakistan inflicting considerable economic
losses. A better knowledge of landscape scale spatial distribution of aphids and
their natural enemies could be used to improve integrated pest management
programs. Therefore, the present study aimed to document spatio-temporal
variations in populations of wheat aphids and their natural enemies in Pakistan.
The 2-year survey study was carried out at ten experimental farms located in
five districts of four contrasted agro-ecological zones of eastern Pakistan
(Punjab area) i.e. District Chakwal in arid zone, Gujranwala in rice-cropped
zone, Faisalabad in central mixed-cropped zone, and Khanewal and Multan in
cotton-cropped zone. The dominant aphid species i.e. Schizaphis
graminum, Rhopalosiphum padi, R.
maidis and Sitobion avenae varied
significantly among the five districts surveyed. The population of
S. graminum was observed more abundant in
arid, R. padi in rice, S.
avenae in aird and rice, and R.
maidis in cotton-I zones. Aphids ended their population
dynamics on 25th March in central mixed-cropped zone and
12th April in other three zones. Various species of natural
enemies, mainly Coccinella septumpunctata, C.
undecimpunctata, Menochilus sexmaculata,
Chrysoperla carnea, Syrphidae and parasitoid mummies were
inconsistently observed in four agro-ecological zones. The population of
C. septumpunctata, was observed more
abundant in rice zone, C. undecimpunctata and
C. carnea in cotton-I and arid zones,
M. sexmaculata in cotton-I and II zones,
Syrphidae in cotton-I zone and parasitoid mummies in rice and arid zones. There
were no clear relationships between aphid and the natural enemy populations. The
present study may serve as a baseline regarding distribution of wheat aphids and
their natural enemies and the results provided insights for further studies on
the potential top-down (natural enemies) versus bottom-up (fertilization and
irrigation regimes) forces in management of wheat aphids in eastern
Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- CABI South East Asia, MARDI, Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
| | - Shafqat Saeed
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture & Environmental
Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan,
Pakistan
- * E-mail: (SS); (SW)
| | - Asif Sajjad
- Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture and
Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur,
Pakistan
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of
Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (SS); (SW)
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Quais MK, Ansari NA, Wang GY, Zhou WW, Zhu ZR. Host Plant Salinity Stress Affects the Development and Population Parameters of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:1149-1161. [PMID: 31283820 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Salinization is one of the most critical abiotic stress factors for crops and a rising setback in agro-ecosystems. Changes in weather, land usage, and the salinization of irrigation water are increasing soil salinity of many farmlands. Increased soil salinity alters the plant quality, which subsequently may trigger bottom-up effects on herbivorous insect. We examined the bottom-up effect of salinity stress on population parameters of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens through rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant. The results revealed that salinity interfered with egg hatching of BPH. The nymphal development period, adult longevity, and oviposition were also influenced by salinity. Notable differences appeared in the intrinsic growth rate (r), the finite increase rate (λ) and the net reproduction rate (R0) of BPH, and a concentration-dependent effect was detected. Although salinity adversely affected BPH development, population projection predicted a successful growth of the BPH population in a relatively short time under the treatment of low and medium levels of salinity (6, 8, and 10 dS/m of NaCl), whereas higher salt concentrations (12 and 14 dS/m) lead to significant fitness costs in BPH populations. Our study predicts that BPH could become a problem in areas with lower and medium salinity and that those planthoppers may exacerbate the negative effects of salinity for rice production. This study will provide valuable information for understanding the field abundance and distribution of BPH on saline rice field, thus contributing to the development of eco-friendly strategies to manage this pest in saline ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khairul Quais
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Senior Scientific Officer, Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Naved Ahmad Ansari
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gui-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Puentes A, Stephan JG, Björkman C. A Systematic Review on the Effects of Plant-Feeding by Omnivorous Arthropods: Time to Catch-Up With the Mirid-Tomato Bias? Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Dumont F, Aubry O, Lucas E. From Evolutionary Aspects of Zoophytophagy to Biological Control. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Hosseini A, Hosseini M, Michaud JP, Modarres Awal M, Ghadamyari M. Nitrogen Fertilization Increases the Nutritional Quality of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as Prey for Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Alters Predator Foraging Behavior. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2059-2068. [PMID: 30011019 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization is a common agricultural practice, which, by increasing the quality of plants, also enhances their nutritional suitability for insect herbivores, creating the possibility of a cascade of N across trophic levels, from plant to herbivore to predator. We manipulated the quality of cucumber plants by fertilizing them with three different N rates (110, 160, and 210 ppm), which represented low, medium, and high N levels, respectively. Colonies of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were then reared on these plants and used as prey for adult Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in experiments that characterized the predator's foraging behavior and functional response to different aphid densities. The nutritional content of plants and aphids was also measured. As N fertilization increased, so did the nutrient content (total energy) of aphids and this resulted in declining rates of aphid consumption by beetles at higher aphid densities. Females in the 110 N treatment, and males in all treatments, responded to aphids with a type II functional response (decelerating consumption at higher densities), but females in the 160 and 210 ppm N treatments exhibited a type III response (consuming a declining proportion of available aphids at high densities). Beetles fed aphids from the 110 N treatment consumed more prey in both assays than did those fed aphids from the 210 N treatment. Beetle searching time, handling time, and duration of digestive pauses all increased at high levels of N fertilization, especially for females. The results indicate that heavy N fertilization can increase prey nutritional quality to the point where it alters predator foraging and feeding behavior, resulting in slower rates of prey consumption and longer prey handling times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Hosseini
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hosseini
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, KS
| | - Mehdi Modarres Awal
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghadamyari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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14
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Liu D, Dai P, Li S, Ahmed SS, Shang Z, Shi X. Life-history responses of insects to water-deficit stress: a case study with the aphid Sitobion avenae. BMC Ecol 2018; 18:17. [PMID: 29843697 PMCID: PMC5975275 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drought may become one of the greatest challenges for cereal production under future warming scenarios, and its impact on insect pest outbreaks is still controversial. To address this issue, life-history responses of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), from three areas of different drought levels were compared under three water treatments. Results Significant differences were identified in developmental time, fecundity and adult weight among S. avenae clones from moist, semiarid and arid areas under all the three water treatments. Semiarid and arid area clones tended to have higher heritability for test life-history traits than moist area clones. We identified significant selection of water-deficit on the developmental time of 1st instar nymphs and adult weight for both semiarid and arid area clones. The impact of intermediate and severe water-stress on S. avenae’s fitness was neutral and negative (e.g., decreased fecundity and weight), respectively. Compared with arid-area clones, moist- and semiarid-area clones showed higher extents of adaptation to the water-deficit level of their respective source environment. Adult weight was identified as a good indicator for S. avenae’s adaptation potential under different water-stress conditions. After their exposure to intermediate water-deficit stress for only five generations, adult weight and fecundity tended to decrease for moist- and semiarid-area clones, but increase for arid-area clones. Conclusions It is evident from our study that S. avenae clones from moist, semiarid and arid areas have diverged under different water-deficit stress, and such divergence could have a genetic basis. The impact of drought on S. avenae’s fitness showed a water-level dependent pattern. Clones of S. avenae were more likely to become adapted to intermediate water-deficit stress than severe water-deficit stress. After continuous water-deficit stress of only five generations, the adaptation potential of S. avenae tended to decrease for moist and semiarid area clones, but increase for arid area clones. The rapid shift of aphids’ life-history traits and adaptation potential under drought could have significant implications for their evolutionary dynamics and outbreak risks in future climate change scenarios. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0173-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. .,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Peng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shirong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Syed Suhail Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheming Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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15
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Dong YC, Han P, Niu CY, Zappalà L, Amiens-Desneux E, Bearez P, Lavoir AV, Biondi A, Desneux N. Nitrogen and water inputs to tomato plant do not trigger bottom-up effects on a leafminer parasitoid through host and non-host exposures. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:516-522. [PMID: 28967203 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bottom-up and top-down forces are major components of biological control against pests in an agro-ecosystem. Understanding the multi-trophic interactions between plants and secondary consumers would help optimize pest control strategies. We manipulated nitrogen and/or water inputs to tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) to test whether these manipulations could trigger bottom-up effects on the parasitoid Necremnus tutae via host (Tuta absoluta) and/or non-host (Bemisia tabaci) exposures, and compared the control efficacy of N. tutae on T. absoluta in the presence and absence of B. tabaci. RESULTS The results showed no cascading effects of plant nitrogen and/or water inputs on N. tutae via either host or non-host exposure. The bottom-up force was mitigated by chewing or sap-feeding insect consumers at the second energy level. By contrast, the top-down force on T. absoluta from parasitoids was enhanced by an additionally provided non-host, which could produce alternative food sources extending N. tutae longevity and enhancing the fitness of its offspring. CONCLUSION Our results provided evidence for the combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches in tomato integrated pest management programs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cheng Dong
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Peng Han
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Chang-Ying Niu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lucia Zappalà
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Edwige Amiens-Desneux
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Philippe Bearez
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Anne-Violette Lavoir
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
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16
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Biondi A, Guedes RNC, Wan FH, Desneux N. Ecology, Worldwide Spread, and Management of the Invasive South American Tomato Pinworm, Tuta absoluta: Past, Present, and Future. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 63:239-258. [PMID: 28977774 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-034933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is native to the western Neotropics. After invading Spain in 2006, it spread rapidly throughout Afro-Eurasia and has become a major threat to world tomato production. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies have been developed, but widespread insecticide use has caused selection for insecticide resistance as well as undesirable effects on key beneficial arthropods. Augmentation and conservation biological control relying on omnivorous mirid predators has proved successful for management of T. absoluta, where implementation is dependent on abiotic, biotic (e.g., alternative prey), and anthropogenic factors (e.g., pesticides). Research has been carried out on larval parasitoids, showing potential for further development of sustainable control. The development of resistant tomato varieties is ongoing, but they are not commercially available yet. Knowledge gaps remain to be filled to optimize IPM packages on tomato crops and to help prevent further spread worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123, Italy;
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil;
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China;
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), University of Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France;
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17
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Nam KH, Kim YJ, Moon YS, Pack IS, Kim CG. Salinity affects metabolomic profiles of different trophic levels in a food chain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:198-206. [PMID: 28475913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Salinization is one of the most important abiotic stressors in an ecosystem. To examine how exposing a host plant to excess salt affects the consequent performance and metabolism of insects in a food chain, we determined the life history traits and the metabolite profiles in rice (Oryza sativa), the herbivore Sitobion avenae, and its predator Harmonia axyridis. When compared with performance under normal (non-stressed) conditions, exposing plants to 50mM NaCl significantly delayed the timing of development for S. avenae fed on rice and H. axyridis and also reduced the body mass of the latter. Our GC-MS-based analysis revealed clear differences in metabolite profiles between trophic levels or treatment conditions. Salinity apparently increased the levels of main components in rice, but decreased levels of major components in S. avenae and H. axyridis. In addition, 16 metabolites showed salinity-related contrasts in this trophic interaction for our rice-S. avenae-H. axyridis system. Salinity impeded the accumulation of metabolites, especially several sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids in both insects, a response that was possibly associated with the negative impacts on their growth and reproduction under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Hee Nam
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joong Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Entomology Program, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Moon
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soon Pack
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Ahmed SS, Liu D, Simon JC. Impact of water-deficit stress on tritrophic interactions in a wheat-aphid-parasitoid system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186599. [PMID: 29053722 PMCID: PMC5650152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing temperature and CO2 concentrations can alter tritrophic interactions in ecosystems, but the impact of increasingly severe drought on such interactions is not well understood. We examined the response of a wheat-aphid-parasitoid system to variation in water-deficit stress levels. Our results showed that arid area clones of the aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), tended to have longer developmental times compared to semiarid and moist area clones, and the development of S. avenae clones tended to be slower with increasing levels of water-deficit. Body sizes of S. avenae clones from all areas decreased with increasing water-deficit levels, indicating their declining adaptation potential under drought. Compared to arid area clones, moist area clones of S. avenae had a higher frequency of backing under severe water stress only, but a higher frequency of kicking under well-watered conditions only, suggesting a water-deficit level dependent pattern of resistance against the parasitoid, Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead). The number of S. avenae individuals attacked by the parasitoid in 10 min showed a tendency to decrease with increasing water-deficit levels. Clones of S. avenae tended to have lower parasitism rates under treatments with higher water-deficit levels. The development of the parasitoid tended to be slower under higher levels of water-deficit stress. Thus, the bottom-up effects of water-deficit stressed plants were negative on S. avenae. However, the top-down effects via parasitoids were compromised by water-deficit, which could favor the growth of aphid populations. Overall, the first trophic level under water-deficit stress was shown to have an indirect and negative impact on the third trophic level parasitoid, suggesting that parasitoids could be increasingly vulnerable in future warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Suhail Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jean-Christophe Simon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte, Le Rheu, France
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19
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Coqueret V, Le Bot J, Larbat R, Desneux N, Robin C, Adamowicz S. Nitrogen nutrition of tomato plant alters leafminer dietary intake dynamics. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 99:130-138. [PMID: 28392206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a major pest of the tomato crop and its development rate is known to decline when nitrogen availability for crop growth is limited. Because N limitation reduces plant primary metabolism but enhances secondary metabolism, one can infer that the slow larval development arises from lower leaf nutritive value and/or higher plant defence. As an attempt to study the first alternative, we examined the tomato-T. absoluta interaction in terms of resource supply by leaves and intake by larvae. Tomato plants were raised under controlled conditions on N-sufficient vs. N-limited complete nutrient solutions. Plants were kept healthy or artificially inoculated with larvae for seven days. Serial harvests were taken and the N, C, dry mass and water contents were determined in roots, stems and leaves. Leaf and mine areas were also measured and the N, C, dry mass and water surface densities were calculated in order to characterize the diet of the larvae. The infestation of a specific leaf lessened its local biomass by 8-26%, but this effect was undetectable at the whole plant scale. Infestation markedly increased resource density per unit leaf area (water, dry mass, C and N) suggesting that the insect induced changes in leaf composition. Nitrogen limitation lessened whole plant growth (by 50%) and infested leaflet growth (by 32-44%). It produced opposite effects on specific resource density per unit area, increasing that of dry mass and C while decreasing water and N. These changes were ineffective on insect mining activity, but slowed down larval development. Under N limitation, T. absoluta consumed less water and N but more dry mass and C. The resulting consequences were a 50-70% increase of C:N stoichiometry in their diet and the doubling of faeces excretion. The observed limitation of larval development is therefore consistent with a trophic explanation caused by low N and/or water intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoire Coqueret
- UMR LAE, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Romain Larbat
- UMR LAE, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- UMR ISA, INRA, CNRS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Christophe Robin
- UMR LAE, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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20
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Effects of Soil Salinity on the Expression of Bt Toxin (Cry1Ac) and the Control Efficiency of Helicoverpa armigera in Field-Grown Transgenic Bt Cotton. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170379. [PMID: 28099508 PMCID: PMC5242435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing area of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton is being planted in saline-alkaline soil in China. The Bt protein level in transgenic cotton plants and its control efficiency can be affected by abiotic stress, including high temperature, water deficiency and other factors. However, how soil salinity affects the expression of Bt protein, thus influencing the control efficiency of Bt cotton against the cotton bollworm (CBW) Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in the field, is poorly understood. Our objective in the present study was to investigate the effects of soil salinity on the expression of Bt toxin (Cry1Ac) and the control efficiency of Helicoverpa armigera in field-grown transgenic Bt cotton using three natural saline levels (1.15 dS m-1 [low soil-salinity], 6.00 dS m-1 [medium soil-salinity] and 11.46 dS m-1 [high soil-salinity]). We found that the Bt protein content in the transgenic Bt cotton leaves and the insecticidal activity of Bt cotton against CBW decreased with the increasing soil salinity in laboratory experiments during the growing season. The Bt protein content of Bt cotton leaves in the laboratory were negatively correlated with the salinity level. The CBW populations were highest on the Bt cotton grown in medium-salinity soil instead of the high-salinity soil in field conditions. A possible mechanism may be that the relatively high-salinity soil changed the plant nutritional quality or other plant defensive traits. The results from this study may help to identify more appropriate practices to control CBW in Bt cotton fields with different soil salinity levels.
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21
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Deans CA, Behmer ST, Tessnow AE, Tamez-Guerra P, Pusztai-Carey M, Sword GA. Nutrition affects insect susceptibility to Bt toxins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39705. [PMID: 28045087 PMCID: PMC5206677 DOI: 10.1038/srep39705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide resistance represents a major challenge to global food production. The spread of resistance alleles is the primary explanation for observations of reduced pesticide efficacy over time, but the potential for gene-by-environment interactions (plasticity) to mediate susceptibility has largely been overlooked. Here we show that nutrition is an environmental factor that affects susceptibility to Bt toxins. Protein and carbohydrates are two key macronutrients for insect herbivores, and the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa zea self-selects and performs best on diets that are protein-biased relative to carbohydrates. Despite this, most Bt bioassays employ carbohydrate-biased rearing diets. This study explored the effect of diet protein-carbohydrate content on H. zea susceptibility to Cry1Ac, a common Bt endotoxin. We detected a 100-fold increase in LC50 for larvae on optimal versus carbohydrate-biased diets, and significant diet-mediated variation in survival and performance when challenged with Cry1Ac. Our results suggest that Bt resistance bioassays that use ecologically- and physiologically-mismatched diets over-estimate susceptibility and under-estimate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A. Deans
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Spencer T. Behmer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ashley E. Tessnow
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- LIV-DEMI, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66455, México
| | | | - Gregory A. Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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22
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Does Plant Cultivar Difference Modify the Bottom-Up Effects of Resource Limitation on Plant-Insect Herbivore Interactions? J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:1293-1303. [PMID: 27889865 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Variation in resource input to plants triggers bottom-up effects on plant-insect herbivore interactions. However, variation in plant intrinsic traits in response to resource availability may modify the bottom-up effects. Furthermore, the consequences also may depend on the feeding strategy of insect herbivores belonging to different feeding guilds. We evaluated the performance of two insect herbivores from distinct feeding guilds, the leaf miner Tuta absoluta and the phloem feeder Bemisia tabaci. We offered the insects two tomato cultivars growing under optimal nitrogen input vs. nitrogen limitation, or under optimal water input vs. water limitation. We found that: (i) the two cultivars differed in their responses to nitrogen and water limitation by regulating primary (leaf-gas exchange related parameters, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf C/N ratio) and secondary metabolism (main defensive compounds: glycoalkaloids); (ii) for both plant cultivars, nitrogen or water limitation significantly affected T. absoluta survival and development, while B. tabaci survival was affected only by nitrogen limitation; and surprisingly (iii) plant cultivar differences did not modify the negative bottom-up effects of resource limitation on the two insect herbivores. In conclusion, the negative effects of resource limitation cascaded up to insect herbivores even though plant cultivars exhibited various adaptive traits to resource limitation.
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23
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Yao YS, Han P, Niu CY, Dong YC, Gao XW, Cui JJ, Desneux N. Transgenic Bt Cotton Does Not Disrupt the Top-Down Forces Regulating the Cotton Aphid in Central China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166771. [PMID: 27870914 PMCID: PMC5117714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Top-down force is referred to arthropod pest management delivered by the organisms from higher trophic levels. In the context of prevalent adoption of transgenic Bt crops that produce insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), it still remains elusive whether the top-down forces are affected by the insect-resistant traits that introduced into the Bt crops. We explored how Bt cotton affect the strength of top-down forces via arthropod natural enemies in regulating a non-target pest species, the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, using a comparative approach (i.e. Bt cotton vs. conventional cotton) under field conditions. To determine top-down forces, we manipulated predation/parasitism exposure of the aphid to their natural enemies using exclusion cages. We found that the aphid population growth was strongly suppressed by the dominant natural enemies including Coccinellids, spiders and Aphidiines parasitoids. Coccinellids, spiders and the assemblage of other arthropod natural enemies (mainly lacewings and Hemipteran bugs) are similarly abundant in both plots, but with the parasitoid mummies less abundant in Bt cotton plots compared to the conventional cotton plots. However, the lower abundance of parasitoids in Bt cotton plots alone did not translate into differential top-down control on A. gossypii populations compared to conventional ones. Overall, the top-down forces were equally strong in both plots. We conclude that transgenic Bt cotton does not disrupt the top-down forces regulating the cotton aphid in central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Yao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Peng Han
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Chang-Ying Niu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Dong
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi-Wu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Jie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research CAAS, Anyang, China
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
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24
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Han P, Wang ZJ, Lavoir AV, Michel T, Seassau A, Zheng WY, Niu CY, Desneux N. Increased water salinity applied to tomato plants accelerates the development of the leaf miner Tuta absoluta through bottom-up effects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32403. [PMID: 27619473 PMCID: PMC5020321 DOI: 10.1038/srep32403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in resource inputs to plants may trigger bottom-up effects on herbivorous insects. We examined the effects of water input: optimal water vs. limited water; water salinity: with vs. without addition of 100 mM NaCl; and their interactions on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum), and consequently, the bottom-up effects on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meytick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Plant growth was significantly impeded by limited water input and NaCl addition. In terms of leaf chemical defense, the production of tomatidine significantly increased with limited water and NaCl addition, and a similar but non-significant trend was observed for the other glycoalkaloids. Tuta absoluta survival did not vary with the water and salinity treatments, but the treatment “optimal water-high salinity” increased the development rate without lowering pupal mass. Our results suggest that caution should be used in the IPM program against T. absoluta when irrigating tomato crops with saline water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- College of Plant Science &Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research) Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Zhi-Jian Wang
- College of Plant Science &Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Anne-Violette Lavoir
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research) Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Thomas Michel
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR CNRS 7272, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Aurélie Seassau
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research) Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Wen-Yan Zheng
- College of Plant Science &Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chang-Ying Niu
- College of Plant Science &Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research) Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Ximénez-Embún MG, Ortego F, Castañera P. Drought-Stressed Tomato Plants Trigger Bottom-Up Effects on the Invasive Tetranychus evansi. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145275. [PMID: 26735490 PMCID: PMC4703393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change will bring more drought periods that will have an impact on the irrigation practices of some crops like tomato, from standard water regime to deficit irrigation. This will promote changes in plant metabolism and alter their interactions with biotic stressors. We have tested if mild or moderate drought-stressed tomato plants (simulating deficit irrigation) have an effect on the biological traits of the invasive tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi. Our data reveal that T evansi caused more leaf damage to drought-stressed tomato plants (≥1.5 fold for both drought scenarios). Mite performance was also enhanced, as revealed by significant increases of eggs laid (≥2 fold) at 4 days post infestation (dpi), and of mobile forms (≥2 fold and 1.5 fold for moderate and mild drought, respectively) at 10 dpi. The levels of several essential amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, valine) and free sugars in tomato leaves were significantly induced by drought in combination with mites. The non-essential amino acid proline was also strongly induced, stimulating mite feeding and egg laying when added to tomato leaf disks at levels equivalent to that estimated on drought-infested tomato plants at 10 dpi. Tomato plant defense proteins were also affected by drought and/or mite infestation, but T. evansi was capable of circumventing their potential adverse effects. Altogether, our data indicate that significant increases of available free sugars and essential amino acids, jointly with their phagostimulant effect, created a favorable environment for a better T. evansi performance on drought-stressed tomato leaves. Thus, drought-stressed tomato plants, even at mild levels, may be more prone to T evansi outbreaks in a climate change scenario, which might negatively affect tomato production on area-wide scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel G. Ximénez-Embún
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Ortego
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Castañera
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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