1
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Julián C, Villadangos S, Jené L, Pasques O, Pintó-Marijuan M, Munné-Bosch S. Biological outliers: essential elements to understand the causes and consequences of reductions in maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII in plants. PLANTA 2024; 260:32. [PMID: 38896307 PMCID: PMC11186954 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION By studying Cistus albidus shrubs in their natural habitat, we show that biological outliers can help us to understand the causes and consequences of maximum photochemical efficiency decreases in plants, thus reinforcing the importance of integrating these often-neglected data into scientific practice. Outliers are individuals with exceptional traits that are often excluded of data analysis. However, this may result in very important mistakes not accurately capturing the true trajectory of the population, thereby limiting our understanding of a given biological process. Here, we studied the role of biological outliers in understanding the causes and consequences of maximum photochemical efficiency decreases in plants, using the semi-deciduous shrub C. albidus growing in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem. We assessed interindividual variability in winter, spring and summer maximum PSII photochemical efficiency in a population of C. albidus growing under Mediterranean conditions. A strong correlation was observed between maximum PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio) and leaf water desiccation. While decreases in maximum PSII photochemical efficiency did not result in any damage at the organ level during winter, reductions in the Fv/Fm ratio were associated to leaf mortality during summer. However, all plants could recover after rainfalls, thus maximum PSII photochemical efficiency decreases did not result in an increased mortality at the organism level, despite extreme water deficit and temperatures exceeding 40ºC during the summer. We conclude that, once methodological outliers are excluded, not only biological outliers must not be excluded from data analysis, but focusing on them is crucial to understand the causes and consequences of maximum PSII photochemical efficiency decreases in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Julián
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabina Villadangos
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Jené
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ot Pasques
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pintó-Marijuan
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Soil heterogeneity and species composition jointly affect individual variation of three forage grasses. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2022.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Senthilnathan A, Gavrilets S. Ecological Consequences of Intraspecific Variation in Coevolutionary Systems. Am Nat 2021; 197:1-17. [PMID: 33417526 DOI: 10.1086/711886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe patterns and outcomes of coevolution are expected to depend on intraspecific trait variation. Various evolutionary factors can change this variation in time. As a result, modeling coevolutionary processes solely in terms of mean trait values may not be sufficient; one may need to study the dynamics of the whole trait distribution. Here, we develop a theoretical framework for studying the effects of evolving intraspecific variation in two-species coevolutionary systems. In particular, we build and study mathematical models of competition, exploiter-victim interactions, and mutualism in which the strength of within- and between-species interactions depends on the difference in continuously varying traits between individuals reproducing asexually. We use analytical approximations based on the invasion analysis and supplement them with numerical results. We find that intraspecific variation can be maintained if stabilizing selection is weak in at least one species. When intraspecific variation is maintained under competition or mutualism, coexistence in a stable equilibrium is promoted when between-species interactions mostly happen between individuals similar in trait values. In contrast, in exploiter-victim systems coexistence typically requires strong interactions between dissimilar exploiters and victims. We show that trait distributions can become multimodal. Our approach and results contribute to the understanding of the ecological consequences of intraspecific variation in coevolutionary systems by exploring its effects on population densities and trait distributions.
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4
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Mozdzer TJ, Watson EB, Orem WH, Swarzenski CM, Turner RE. Unraveling the Gordian Knot: Eight testable hypotheses on the effects of nutrient enrichment on tidal wetland sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140420. [PMID: 32758808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The position of tidal wetlands at the land-sea interface makes them especially vulnerable to the effects of nutrient discharges and sea level rise (SLR). Experimental studies of coastal wetland nutrient additions report conflicting results among and within habitats, highlighting the importance of site-specific factors, and how spatial and temporal scaling modulates responses. This suite of influences as SLR accelerates creates a "Gordian Knot" that may compromise coastal habitat integrity. We present eight testable hypotheses here to loosen this knot by identifying critical modulators about nutrient form, soil type and porosity, physiochemical gradients, and eco-evolutionary responses that may control the impacts of nutrient enrichment on coastal wetland sustainability: (1) the delivery and form of the nutrient shapes the ecosystem response; (2) soil type mediates the effects of nutrient enrichment on marshes; (3) belowground responses cannot be solely explained by phenotypic responses; (4) shifting zones of redox and salinity gradients modulate nutrient enrichment impacts; (5) eco-evolutionary processes can drive responses to nutrient availability; (6) nutrient enrichment leads to multiple changed ecosystem states; (7) biogeography trumps a plant's plastic responses to nutrient enrichment; and, (8) nutrient-enhanced wetlands are more susceptible to additional (and anticipated) anthropogenic changes. They provide a framework to investigate and integrate the urgently needed research to understand how excess nutrients threaten the sustainability of coastal wetlands, and wetlands in general. While there is no single 'right way' to test these hypotheses, including a combination of complex and simple, highly-replicated experiments is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mozdzer
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N Merion Ave, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Burke Watson
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - William H Orem
- U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192-0002, USA.
| | - Christopher M Swarzenski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center, 3535 S. Sherwood Forest Blvd., Baton Rouge, LA 70816, USA.
| | - R Eugene Turner
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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5
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Hoffman AM, Bushey JA, Ocheltree TW, Smith MD. Genetic and functional variation across regional and local scales is associated with climate in a foundational prairie grass. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:352-364. [PMID: 32176814 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global change forecasts in ecosystems require knowledge of within-species diversity, particularly of dominant species within communities. We assessed site-level diversity and capacity for adaptation in Bouteloua gracilis, the dominant species in the Central US shortgrass steppe biome. We quantified genetic diversity from 17 sites across regional scales, north to south from New Mexico to South Dakota, and local scales in northern Colorado. We also quantified phenotype and plasticity within and among sites and determined the extent to which phenotypic diversity in B. gracilis was correlated with climate. Genome sequencing indicated pronounced population structure at the regional scale, and local differences indicated that gene flow and/or dispersal may also be limited. Within a common environment, we found evidence of genetic divergence in biomass-related phenotypes, plasticity, and phenotypic variance, indicating functional divergence and different adaptive potential. Phenotypes were differentiated according to climate, chiefly median Palmer Hydrological Drought Index and other aridity metrics. Our results indicate conclusive differences in genetic variation, phenotype, and plasticity in this species and suggest a mechanism explaining variation in shortgrass steppe community responses to global change. This analysis of B. gracilis intraspecific diversity across spatial scales will improve conservation and management of the shortgrass steppe ecosystem in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava M Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Julie A Bushey
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Troy W Ocheltree
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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6
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Zeldin J, Lichtenberger TM, Foxx AJ, Webb Williams E, Kramer AT. Intraspecific functional trait structure of restoration‐relevant species: Implications for restoration seed sourcing. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Zeldin
- Plant Science and Conservation Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL USA
| | - Taran M. Lichtenberger
- Plant Science and Conservation Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Alicia J. Foxx
- Plant Science and Conservation Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | | | - Andrea T. Kramer
- Plant Science and Conservation Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL USA
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7
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Samarth, Lee R, Song J, Macknight RC, Jameson PE. Identification of flowering-time genes in mast flowering plants using De Novo transcriptomic analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216267. [PMID: 31412034 PMCID: PMC6693765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast flowering is synchronised highly variable flowering by a population of perennial plants over a wide geographical area. High seeding years are seen as a threat to native and endangered species due to high predator density caused by the abundance of seed. An understanding of the molecular pathways that influence masting behaviour in plants could provide better prediction of a forthcoming masting season and enable conservation strategies to be deployed. The goal of this study was to identify candidate flowering genes that might be involved in regulating mast flowering. To achieve this, high-throughput large-scale RNA-sequencing was performed on two masting plant species, Celmisia lyallii (Asteraceae), and Chionochloa pallens (Poaceae) to develop a reference transcriptome for functional and molecular analysis. An average total of 33 million 150 base-paired reads, for both species, were assembled using the Trinity pipeline, resulting in 151,803 and 348,649 transcripts respectively for C. lyallii and C. pallens. For both species, about 56% of the unigenes were annotated with gene descriptions to known proteins followed by Gene Ontology analysis, categorising them on the basis of putative biological processes, molecular function, and cellular localization. A total of 543 transcripts from C. lyallii and 470 transcripts from C. pallens were also mapped to unique flowering-time proteins identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting the conservation of the flowering network in these wild alpine plants growing in natural field conditions. Expression analysis of several selected homologous flowering-pathway genes showed seasonal and photoperiodic variations. These genes can further be analysed to understand why seasonal cues, such as the increasing photoperiod in spring, that triggers the annual flowering of most plants, are insufficient to always trigger flowering in masting plants and to uncover the molecular basis of how additional cues (such as temperature during the previous growing seasons) then determines flowering in mast years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robyn Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jiancheng Song
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | | | - Paula E. Jameson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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8
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Crous KY. Plant responses to climate warming: physiological adjustments and implications for plant functioning in a future, warmer world. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1049-1051. [PMID: 31429920 PMCID: PMC6851979 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y. Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSWAustralia
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9
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Meng H, Wei X, Franklin SB, Wu H, Jiang M. Geographical variation and the role of climate in leaf traits of a relict tree species across its distribution in China. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:552-561. [PMID: 28294500 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific trait variation and trait-climate relationships are crucial for understanding a species' response to climate change. However, these phenomena have rarely been studied for tree species. Euptelea pleiospermum is a relict tree species with a wide distribution in China that offers a novel opportunity to examine such relationships. Here, we measured 13 leaf traits of E. pleiospermum in 20 sites across its natural distribution in China. We investigated the extent of trait variation at local and regional scales, and developed geographic and climate models to explain trait variation at the regional scale. We documented intraspecific trait variation among leaf traits of E. pleiospermum at local and regional scales. Five traits exhibited relatively high trait variation: leaf area, leaf density and three leaf economic traits (leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area [SLA] and leaf phosphorus concentration). Significant trait-geography correlations were mediated by local climate. Most leaf trait variation could be explained (from 24% to 64%) by geographic or climate variables, except leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content and leaf length-width ratio. Latitude and temperature were the strongest predictors of trait variation throughout the distribution of E. pleiospermum in China, and temperature explained more leaf trait variation than precipitation. In particular, we showed that leaves had longer petiole lengths, higher SLA and lower densities in northern E. pleiospermum populations. We suggest that northern E. pleiospermum populations are adapting to higher latitudinal environments via high growth rate (higher SLA) and low construction investment strategies (lower leaf densities), benefitting northern migration. Overall, we demonstrate that intraspecific trait variation reflects E. pleiospermum response to the local environment. We call for consideration of intraspecific trait variation to examine specific climate response questions. In addition, provenance experiments using widely distributed species are needed to separate trait variation resulting from genetic differentiation and plastic responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Meng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - S B Franklin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, USA
| | - H Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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10
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Mao W, Felton AJ, Zhang T. Linking Changes to Intraspecific Trait Diversity to Community Functional Diversity and Biomass in Response to Snow and Nitrogen Addition Within an Inner Mongolian Grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:339. [PMID: 28352278 PMCID: PMC5348515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, both the intraspecific and interspecific functional diversity (FD) of plant communities have been studied with new approaches to improve an understanding about the mechanisms underlying plant species coexistence. Yet, little is known about how global change drivers will impact intraspecific FD and trait overlap among species, and in particular how this may scale to impacts on community level FD and ecosystem functioning. To address this uncertainty, we assessed the direct and indirect responses of specific leaf area (SLA) among both dominant annual and subordinate perennial species to the independent and interactive effects of nitrogen and snow addition within the Inner Mongnolian steppe. More specifically, we investigated the consequences for these responses on plant community FD, trait overlap and biomass. Nitrogen addition increased the biomass of the dominant annual species and as a result increased total community biomass. This occurred despite concurrent decreases in the biomass of subordinate perennial species. Nitrogen addition also increased intraspecific FD and trait overlap of both annual species and perennial species, and consequently increased the degree of trait overlap in SLA at the community level. However, snow addition did not significantly impact intraspecific FD and trait overlap of SLA for perennial species, but increased intraspecific FD and trait overlap of annual species, of which scaled to changes in community level FD. We found that the responses of the dominant annual species to nitrogen and snow additions were generally more sensitive than the subordinate perennial species within the inner Mongolian grassland communities of our study. As a consequence of this sensitivity, the responses of the dominant species largely drove impacts to community FD, trait overlap and community biomass. In total, our study demonstrates that the responses of dominant species in a community to environmental change may drive the initial trajectories of change to community FD and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou, China
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort CollinsCO, USA
| | - Andrew J. Felton
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort CollinsCO, USA
| | - Tonghui Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou, China
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11
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Souza L, Stuble KL, Genung MA, Classen AT. Plant genotypic variation and intraspecific diversity trump soil nutrient availability to shape old‐field structure and function. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Souza
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Microbiology and Plant Biology Department University of Oklahoma 111 E. Chesapeake Street Norman OK73019 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee 569 Dabney Hall Knoxville TN37996 USA
| | - Katharine L. Stuble
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Microbiology and Plant Biology Department University of Oklahoma 111 E. Chesapeake Street Norman OK73019 USA
- The Holden Arboretum Kirtland OH44094 USA
| | - Mark A. Genung
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University 14 College Farm Road New Brunswick NJ08901 USA
| | - Aimee T. Classen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee 569 Dabney Hall Knoxville TN37996 USA
- Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate & the Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen Ø2100 Denmark
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12
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Emery NJ, Henwood MJ, Offord CA, Wardle GM. Right here, right now: Populations of
Actinotus helianthi
differ in their early performance traits and interactions. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Emery
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Heydon‐Laurence Building (A08) Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- The Australian PlantBank Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust The Australian Botanic Garden Mount Annan Mount Annan New South Wales 2567 Australia
| | - Murray J. Henwood
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Heydon‐Laurence Building (A08) Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Catherine A. Offord
- The Australian PlantBank Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust The Australian Botanic Garden Mount Annan Mount Annan New South Wales 2567 Australia
| | - Glenda M. Wardle
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Heydon‐Laurence Building (A08) Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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13
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Siefert A, Violle C, Chalmandrier L, Albert CH, Taudiere A, Fajardo A, Aarssen LW, Baraloto C, Carlucci MB, Cianciaruso MV, de L Dantas V, de Bello F, Duarte LDS, Fonseca CR, Freschet GT, Gaucherand S, Gross N, Hikosaka K, Jackson B, Jung V, Kamiyama C, Katabuchi M, Kembel SW, Kichenin E, Kraft NJB, Lagerström A, Bagousse-Pinguet YL, Li Y, Mason N, Messier J, Nakashizuka T, Overton JM, Peltzer DA, Pérez-Ramos IM, Pillar VD, Prentice HC, Richardson S, Sasaki T, Schamp BS, Schöb C, Shipley B, Sundqvist M, Sykes MT, Vandewalle M, Wardle DA. A global meta-analysis of the relative extent of intraspecific trait variation in plant communities. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:1406-19. [PMID: 26415616 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variation (ITV) may better address major questions in community ecology. However, a general picture of the relative extent of ITV compared to interspecific trait variation in plant communities is still missing. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relative extent of ITV within and among plant communities worldwide, using a data set encompassing 629 communities (plots) and 36 functional traits. Overall, ITV accounted for 25% of the total trait variation within communities and 32% of the total trait variation among communities on average. The relative extent of ITV tended to be greater for whole-plant (e.g. plant height) vs. organ-level traits and for leaf chemical (e.g. leaf N and P concentration) vs. leaf morphological (e.g. leaf area and thickness) traits. The relative amount of ITV decreased with increasing species richness and spatial extent, but did not vary with plant growth form or climate. These results highlight global patterns in the relative importance of ITV in plant communities, providing practical guidelines for when researchers should include ITV in trait-based community and ecosystem studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Siefert
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Chalmandrier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LECA, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, LECA, F-3800, Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile H Albert
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, IMBE, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Taudiere
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Conicyt-Regional R10C1003, Universidad Austral de Chile, Camino Baguales s/n, Coyhaique, 5951601, Chile
| | - Lonnie W Aarssen
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.,INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, BP 709, 97387, Kourou Cedex, France
| | - Marcos B Carlucci
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Cianciaruso
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vinícius de L Dantas
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Leandro D S Duarte
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Fonseca
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59092-350, Brazil
| | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 34293, Montpellier, France.,Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Gaucherand
- IRSTEA, Unité de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Montagnards, BP 76, 38402, St-Martin d'Hères, cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Gross
- INRA, USC1339 Chizé (CEBC), F-79360, Villiers en Bois, France.,Centre d'étude biologique de Chizé, CNRS - Université La Rochelle (UMR 7372), F-79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Benjamin Jackson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, LA14AP, Lancaster, UK
| | - Vincent Jung
- CNRS UMR 6553, ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Chiho Kamiyama
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, United Nations University, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya, 150-8925, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Katabuchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Steven W Kembel
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C3P8, Canada
| | - Emilie Kichenin
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Nathan J B Kraft
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Anna Lagerström
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Norman Mason
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Julie Messier
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Tohru Nakashizuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | | | | | - I M Pérez-Ramos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, 41080, Spain
| | - Valério D Pillar
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Honor C Prentice
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Takehiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan
| | - Brandon S Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Christian Schöb
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Shipley
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Maja Sundqvist
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Martin T Sykes
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Vandewalle
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - David A Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, 901 83, Sweden
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14
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Drake JE, Aspinwall MJ, Pfautsch S, Rymer PD, Reich PB, Smith RA, Crous KY, Tissue DT, Ghannoum O, Tjoelker MG. The capacity to cope with climate warming declines from temperate to tropical latitudes in two widely distributed Eucalyptus species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:459-72. [PMID: 25378195 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As rapid climate warming creates a mismatch between forest trees and their home environment, the ability of trees to cope with warming depends on their capacity to physiologically adjust to higher temperatures. In widespread species, individual trees in cooler home climates are hypothesized to more successfully acclimate to warming than their counterparts in warmer climates that may approach thermal limits. We tested this prediction with a climate-shift experiment in widely distributed Eucalyptus tereticornis and E. grandis using provenances originating along a ~2500 km latitudinal transect (15.5-38.0°S) in eastern Australia. We grew 21 provenances in conditions approximating summer temperatures at seed origin and warmed temperatures (+3.5 °C) using a series of climate-controlled glasshouse bays. The effects of +3.5 °C warming strongly depended on home climate. Cool-origin provenances responded to warming through an increase in photosynthetic capacity and total leaf area, leading to enhanced growth of 20-60%. Warm-origin provenances, however, responded to warming through a reduction in photosynthetic capacity and total leaf area, leading to reduced growth of approximately 10%. These results suggest that there is predictable intraspecific variation in the capacity of trees to respond to warming; cool-origin taxa are likely to benefit from warming, while warm-origin taxa may be negatively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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15
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Burkle LA, Souza L, Genung MA, Crutsinger GM. Plant genotype, nutrients, and G × E interactions structure floral visitor communities. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Crutsinger GM, Gonzalez AL, Crawford KM, Sanders NJ. Local and latitudinal variation in abundance: the mechanisms shaping the distribution of an ecosystem engineer. PeerJ 2013; 1:e100. [PMID: 23862102 PMCID: PMC3709108 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological processes that determine the abundance of species within ecological communities vary across space and time. These scale-dependent processes are especially important when they affect key members of a community, such as ecosystem engineers that create shelter and food resources for other species. Yet, few studies have examined the suite of processes that shape the abundance of ecosystem engineers. Here, we evaluated the relative influence of temporal variation, local processes, and latitude on the abundance of an engineering insect-a rosette-galling midge, Rhopalomyia solidaginis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Over a period of 3-5 years, we studied the density and size of galls across a suite of local experiments that manipulated genetic variation, soil nutrient availability, and the removal of other insects from the host plant, Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod). We also surveyed gall density within a single growing season across a 2,300 km latitudinal transect of goldenrod populations in the eastern United States. At the local scale, we found that host-plant genotypic variation was the best predictor of rosette gall density and size within a single year. We found that the removal of other insect herbivores resulted in an increase in gall density and size. The amendment of soil nutrients for four years had no effect on gall density, but galls were smaller in carbon-added plots compared to control and nitrogen additions. Finally, we observed that gall density varied several fold across years. At the biogeographic scale, we observed that the density of rosette gallers peaked at mid-latitudes. Using meta-analytic approaches, we found that the effect size of time, followed by host-plant genetic variation and latitude were the best predictors of gall density. Taken together, our study provides a unique comparison of multiple factors across different spatial and temporal scales that govern engineering insect herbivore density.
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17
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LeBauer DS, Wang D, Richter KT, Davidson CC, Dietze MC. Facilitating feedbacks between field measurements and ecosystem models. ECOL MONOGR 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/12-0137.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Dainese M. Using natural gradients to infer a potential response to climate change: an example on the reproductive performance of dactylis glomerata L. BIOLOGY 2012; 1:857-68. [PMID: 24832520 PMCID: PMC4009817 DOI: 10.3390/biology1030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the climate conditions governing spatial variation in the reproductive performance of plants can provide important information about the factors characterizing plant community structure, especially in the context of climate change. This study focuses on the effect of climate on the sexual reproductive output of Dactylis glomerata L., a perennial grass species widely distributed throughout temperate regions. An indirect space-for-time substitution procedure was used. Sixty mountain populations of the same target species were surveyed along an elevation gradient, and then, a relevant climate model was used to infer a potential response to climate change over time. Within each population, information on the number of stems, seed number and seed mass were collected. Resource investment in reproduction (RIR) was quantified as seed number × seed mass. A clear variation was found in the reproductive performance of D. glomerata along the elevational gradient: RIR improved with increasing temperature. The best model included only one term: the maximum temperature of the warmest month. This study demonstrates that mountain ecosystems offer particularly good opportunities to study climate effects over relatively short distances and suggests that warming will enhance D. glomerata’s reproductive output throughout its elevational range. Furthermore, it can be hypothesized that a potential migration of D. glomerata toward higher altitudes may occur in response to accelerated climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dainese
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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