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Walters J, Barlass M, Fisher R, Isaacs R. Extreme heat exposure of host plants indirectly reduces solitary bee fecundity and survival. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240714. [PMID: 38889783 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme heat poses a major threat to plants and pollinators, yet the indirect consequences of heat stress are not well understood, particularly for native solitary bees. To determine how brief exposure of extreme heat to flowering plants affects bee behaviour, fecundity, development and survival we conducted a no-choice field cage experiment in which Osmia lignaria were provided blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) and white clover (Trifolium repens) that had been previously exposed to either extreme heat (37.5°C) or normal temperatures (25°C) for 4 h during early bloom. Despite a similar number of open flowers and floral visitation frequency between the two treatments, female bees provided with heat-stressed plants laid approximately 70% fewer eggs than females provided with non-stressed plants. Their progeny received similar quantities of pollen provisions between the two treatments, yet larvae consuming pollen from heat-stressed plants had significantly lower survival as larvae and adults. We also observed trends for delayed emergence and reduced adult longevity when larvae consumed heat-stressed pollen. This study is the first to document how short, field-realistic bursts of extreme heat exposure to flowering host plants can indirectly affect bee pollinators and their offspring, with important implications for crop pollination and native bee populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Walters
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - McKenna Barlass
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robin Fisher
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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2
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Boff S, Ayasse M. Exposure to sublethal concentration of flupyradifurone alters sexual behavior and cuticular hydrocarbon profile in Heriades truncorum, an oligolectic solitary bee. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:859-869. [PMID: 37602924 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The aboveground oligolectic bee, Heriades truncorum, is a particularly good model for studying the impact of pesticides on sexual communication, since some aspects of its mating behavior have previously been described. We have tested (1) the interference of the pesticide flupyradifurone on male precopulatory behavior and male mating partner preferences, (2) the way that the pesticide interferes in male quality assessment by the female, and (3) the effects of the pesticide on the chemical compounds in the female cuticle. We exposed bees of both sexes to a sublethal concentration of flupyradifurone. Various behaviors were registered in a mating arena with two females (one unexposed and one exposed) and one male (either unexposed or exposed). Unexposed males were quicker to attempt to mate. Treatment also impacted precopulatory behavior and male quality assessment by females. Males approached unexposed females more quickly than insecticide-exposed ones. Females exposed to insecticide produced lower amounts of some cuticular hydrocarbons (sex pheromone candidates) and appeared less choosy than unexposed females. Our findings suggest that insecticide exposure affects sexual communication, playing a role both in male preference and in male quality assessment by the female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Boff
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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3
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Ratz T, Chechi TS, Dimopoulou AI, Sedlmair SD, Tuni C. Heatwaves inflict reproductive but not survival costs to male insects. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246698. [PMID: 38436413 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is having a dramatic effect on the environment, with rising global temperatures and more frequent extreme climatic events, such as heatwaves, that can hamper organisms' biological functions. Although it is clear that sudden and extreme temperatures can damage reproductive processes, there is limited understanding of the effects of heatwaves on male mating behaviour and reproductive success. We tested for the effects of heat stress induced by ecologically relevant heatwaves (33°C and 39°C for five consecutive days) on the mating behaviour, reproductive success, body mass and survival of male field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus, paired with untreated females. We predicted life-history and reproductive costs would increase with increasing heatwave intensity. Consistent with our expectations, males exposed to the highest heatwave temperature produced the fewest offspring, while having to increase courtship effort to successfully mate. Males also gained relatively more weight following heatwave exposure. Given that we found no difference in lifetime survival, our results suggest a potential trade-off in resource allocation between somatic maintenance and reproductive investment. Taken together, our findings indicate that sublethal effects of heatwaves could reduce the growth and persistence of animal populations by negatively impacting reproductive rates. These findings highlight the need for considering thermal ecologies, life history and behaviour to better understand the consequences of extreme climatic events on individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ratz
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstraße 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tejinder Singh Chechi
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Aliki-Ioanna Dimopoulou
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephanie Daniela Sedlmair
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Cristina Tuni
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
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4
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Porras MF, Raygoza Garay JA, Brought M, López-Londoño T, Chautá A, Crone M, Rajotte EG, Phan N, Joshi NK, Peter K, Biddinger D. Fungicide ingestion reduces net energy gain and microbiome diversity of the solitary mason bee. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3229. [PMID: 38332135 PMCID: PMC10853529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungicides are frequently used during tree fruit bloom and can threaten insect pollinators. However, little is known about how non-honey bee pollinators such as the solitary bee, Osmia cornifrons, respond to contact and systemic fungicides commonly used in apple production during bloom. This knowledge gap limits regulatory decisions that determine safe concentrations and timing for fungicide spraying. We evaluated the effects of two contact fungicides (captan and mancozeb) and four translaminar/plant systemic fungicides (cyprodinil, myclobutanil, penthiopyrad, and trifloxystrobin) on larval weight gain, survival, sex ratio, and bacterial diversity. This assessment was carried out using chronic oral ingestion bioassays where pollen provisions were treated with three doses based on the currently recommended field use dose (1X), half dose (0.5X), and low dose (0.1X). Mancozeb and penthiopyrad significantly reduced larval weight and survival at all doses. We then sequenced the 16S gene to characterize the larvae bacteriome of mancozeb, the fungicide that caused the highest mortality. We found that larvae fed on mancozeb-treated pollen carried significantly lower bacterial diversity and abundance. Our laboratory results suggest that some of these fungicides can be particularly harmful to the health of O. cornifrons when sprayed during bloom. This information is relevant for future management decisions about the sustainable use of fruit tree crop protection products and informing regulatory processes that aim to protect pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzy F Porras
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Bldg, University Park, USA.
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA.
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Malachi Brought
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Bldg, University Park, USA
| | - Tomas López-Londoño
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA16802, USA
| | - Alexander Chautá
- Department of Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Makaylee Crone
- Center for Pollinator Research, Intercollege Graduate Program in Ecology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
| | - Edwin G Rajotte
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Bldg, University Park, USA
| | - Ngoc Phan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Neelendra K Joshi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Kari Peter
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Pennsylvania State University, 290 University Dr., Biglerville, PA, 17307, USA
| | - David Biddinger
- Department of Entomology, Fruit Research and Extension Center, 290 University Dr., Biglerville, PA, 17307, USA
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Groot AT, Blankers T, Halfwerk W, Burdfield Steel E. The Evolutionary Importance of Intraspecific Variation in Sexual Communication Across Sensory Modalities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:21-40. [PMID: 37562048 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-030223-111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of sexual communication is critically important in the diversity of arthropods, which are declining at a fast pace worldwide. Their environments are rapidly changing, with increasing chemical, acoustic, and light pollution. To predict how arthropod species will respond to changing climates, habitats, and communities, we need to understand how sexual communication systems can evolve. In the past decades, intraspecific variation in sexual signals and responses across different modalities has been identified, but never in a comparative way. In this review, we identify and compare the level and extent of intraspecific variation in sexual signals and responses across three different modalities, chemical, acoustic, and visual, focusing mostly on insects. By comparing causes and possible consequences of intraspecific variation in sexual communication among these modalities, we identify shared and unique patterns, as well as knowledge needed to predict the evolution of sexual communication systems in arthropods in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Thomas Blankers
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Wouter Halfwerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), VU Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| | - Emily Burdfield Steel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
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6
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Martinet B, Przybyla K, Decroo C, Wattiez R, Aron S. Proteomic differences in seminal fluid of social insects whose sperm differ in heat tolerance. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:231389. [PMID: 38026028 PMCID: PMC10645120 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In the coming years, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and intensity of heatwaves. In many organisms, heat stress provokes physiological perturbations and can lead to decreased male fertility. Bumblebees are endo-heterothermic but display interspecific differences in thermotolerance that could have conservation implications. For the species of concern Bombus magnus, exposure to high temperatures can severely reduce sperm quality and, consequently, reproductive success. Such is not the case for B. terrestris, a ubiquitous species. To decipher the mechanisms at play, we characterized the seminal fluid proteomes of the two species. We quantified 1121 proteins, of which 522 were differentially expressed between B. terrestris and B. magnus. Several proteins with protective functions, such as proteases, antioxidant proteins and various heat-shock proteins, were present at higher levels in B. terrestris than in B. magnus under both control and heat-stress conditions. The same was true for proteins involved in cellular homeostasis, immunity, lipid/sugar metabolism and thermotolerance. Furthermore, proteins involved in the capture and elimination of reactive oxygen species also occurred at much high levels in B. terrestris. Overall, these results clearly indicate differences in the seminal proteome of the more thermotolerant B. terrestris versus B. magnus. The differences may contribute to explaining interspecific differences in sperm survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Martinet
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Paul Héger - CP 160/12, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Corentin Decroo
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology, Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology, Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Serge Aron
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Paul Héger - CP 160/12, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
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7
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Albouy R, Faria AM, Fonseca PJ, Amorim MCP. Effects of temperature on acoustic and visual courtship and reproductive success in the two-spotted goby Pomatoschistus flavescens. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106197. [PMID: 37793242 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish are ectothermic and small changes in water temperature could greatly affect reproduction. The two-spotted goby is a small semi-pelagic species that uses visual and acoustic displays to mate. Here, we studied the effect of temperature (16 and 20 °C) on acoustic and visual courtship and associated reproductive success in 39 males. Temperature influenced male visual courtship performed outside the nest, but it did not influence calling rate and the number of laid eggs. Interestingly, the number of sounds (drums) was the sole predictor of spawning success. These findings suggest that exposure to different temperatures within the species' natural range affect courtship behaviour but not its reproductive success. We propose that finding the link between acoustic behaviour and reproduction in fishes offers the opportunity to monitor fish sounds both in the lab and in nature to learn how they respond to environmental changes and human impacts, namely global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Albouy
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; IMBRSEA Master Programme, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana M Faria
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Portugal
| | - M Clara P Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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8
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Alves DA, George EA, Kaur R, Brockmann A, Hrncir M, Grüter C. Diverse communication strategies in bees as a window into adaptations to an unpredictable world. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219031120. [PMID: 37279263 PMCID: PMC10268221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219031120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication is a fundamental feature of animal societies and helps their members to solve the challenges they encounter, from exploiting food sources to fighting enemies or finding a new home. Eusocial bees inhabit a wide range of environments and they have evolved a multitude of communication signals that help them exploit resources in their environment efficiently. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of bee communication strategies and discuss how variation in social biology, such as colony size or nesting habits, and ecological conditions are important drivers of variation in communication strategies. Anthropogenic factors, such as habitat conversion, climate change, or the use of agrochemicals, are changing the world bees inhabit, and it is becoming clear that this affects communication both directly and indirectly, for example by affecting food source availability, social interactions among nestmates, and cognitive functions. Whether and how bees adapt their foraging and communication strategies to these changes represents a new frontier in bee behavioral and conservation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A. Alves
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Lausanne,13418-900Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ebi A. George
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Bristol1015, Switzerland
| | - Rajbir Kaur
- School of Biological Sciences, University of BristolBS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Brockmann
- National Centre for Biological Sciences – Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru560065, India
| | - Michael Hrncir
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo05508-090São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christoph Grüter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of BristolBS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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9
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James RS, Seebacher F, Tallis J. Can animals tune tissue mechanics in response to changing environments caused by anthropogenic impacts? J Exp Biol 2023; 226:287009. [PMID: 36779312 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change and pollution are impacting environments across the globe. This Review summarises the potential impact of such anthropogenic effects on animal tissue mechanics, given the consequences for animal locomotor performance and behaviour. More specifically, in light of current literature, this Review focuses on evaluating the acute and chronic effects of temperature on the mechanical function of muscle tissues. For ectotherms, maximal muscle performance typically occurs at temperatures approximating the natural environment of the species. However, species vary in their ability to acclimate to chronic changes in temperature, which is likely to have longer-term effects on species range. Some species undergo periods of dormancy to avoid extreme temperature or drought. Whilst the skeletal muscle of such species generally appears to be adapted to minimise muscle atrophy and maintain performance for emergence from dormancy, the increased occurrence of extreme climatic conditions may reduce the survival of individuals in such environments. This Review also considers the likely impact of anthropogenic pollutants, such as hormones and heavy metals, on animal tissue mechanics, noting the relative paucity of literature directly investigating this key area. Future work needs to determine the direct effects of anthropogenic environmental changes on animal tissues and related changes in locomotor performance and behaviour, including accounting for currently unknown interactions between environmental factors, e.g. temperature and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob S James
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jason Tallis
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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10
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Campion C, Rajamohan A, Dillon ME. Sperm can't take the heat: Short-term temperature exposures compromise fertility of male bumble bees (Bombus impatiens). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 146:104491. [PMID: 36773841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bumble bee (genus Bombus) populations are increasingly under threat from habitat fragmentation, pesticides, pathogens, and climate change. Climate change is likely a prime driver of bumble bee declines but the mechanisms by which changing climates alter local abundance, leading to shifts in geographic range are unclear. Heat tolerance is quite high in worker bumble bees (CTmax ∼ 48-55 °C), making it unlikely for them to experience these high temperatures, even with climate warming. However, the thermal tolerance of whole organisms often exceeds that of their gametes; many insects can be sterilized by exposure to temperatures well below their upper thermal tolerance. Male bumble bees are independent from the colony and may encounter more frequent temperature extremes, but whether these exposures compromise spermatozoa is still unclear. Using commercially-reared Bombus impatiens colonies, males were reared in the lab and spermatozoa were exposed (in vivo and isolated in vitro) to sublethal temperatures near lower and upper thermal tolerance (CTmin and CTmax, respectively). Heat exposure (45 °C for up to 85 min) reduced spermatozoa viability both for whole males (in vivo; control = 79.5 %, heat exposed = 58 %, heat stupor = 57.7 %) and isolated seminal vesicles (in vitro; control = 85.5 %, heat exposed = 62.9 %). Whole males exposed to 4 °C for 85 min (in vivo; control = 79.2 %, cold = 72.4 %), isolated seminal vesicles exposed to 4 °C for 85 min (in vitro; control = 85.5 %, cold = 85.1 %), and whole males exposed to for 4 °C for 48 h (in vivo; control = 88.7 %, cold = 84.3 %) did not differ significantly in spermatozoa viability. After<85 min at 45 °C, males had significantly reduced spermatozoa viability, suggesting that short-term heat waves below CTmax could strongly reduce the fertility of male bumble bees with potential population-level impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Campion
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Arun Rajamohan
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1616 Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Michael E Dillon
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Felicioli A, Sagona S, Coppola F, Boni CB, Pinzauti M. Effect of Ageing in the Mating Behaviour Sequence of Osmia cornuta Latr. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:335. [PMID: 37103150 PMCID: PMC10145882 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Osmia cornuta Latr. is largely managed worldwide for the pollination of orchard crops, playing a key role in the maintenance of healthy ecosystems and ensuring economic and social benefits for human society. The management techniques of this pollinator include the possibility of delaying emergence from cocoons after diapause, allowing for the pollination of later-blooming fruit crops. In this study, the mating behaviour of bees emerging at the natural time (Right Emergence Insects) and of late-emerged bees (Aged Emergence Insects) was described in order to test if a delay in emergence could affect the mating sequence of O. cornuta. Markov analysis of the mating behaviour revealed the occurrence of antenna motion episodes that were repeated in a stereotyped manner at regular intervals during the mating sequence of both Right Emergence Insects and in Aged Emergence Insects. Pouncing, rhythmic and continuous emission of sound, motion of antennae, stretching of the abdomen, short and long copulations, scratching, inactivity, and self-grooming were identified as the stereotyped behavioural units of a behavioural sequence. The occurrence of short copulations, the frequency of which increased with the age of bees, could lead to a failure in the reproduction of the mason bee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Felicioli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agro-Environmental Research “Enrico Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina 6, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Sagona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agro-Environmental Research “Enrico Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina 6, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetta Boni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agro-Environmental Research “Enrico Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina 6, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pinzauti
- Italian Beekeeping Federation (FAI), Corso Vittorio Emanuele II 101, 00186 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
AbstractClimate change is altering species' habitats, phenology, and behavior. Although sexual behaviors impact population persistence and fitness, climate change's effects on sexual signals are understudied. Climate change can directly alter temperature-dependent sexual signals, cause changes in body size or condition that affect signal production, or alter the selective landscape of sexual signals. We tested whether temperature-dependent mating calls of Mexican spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata) had changed in concert with climate in the southwestern United States across 22 years. We document increasing air temperatures, decreasing rainfall, and changing seasonal patterns of temperature and rainfall in the spadefoots' habitat. Despite increasing air temperatures, spadefoots' ephemeral breeding ponds have been getting colder at most elevations, and male calls have been slowing as a result. However, temperature-standardized call characters have become faster, and male condition has increased, possibly due to changes in the selective environment. Thus, climate change might generate rapid, complex changes in sexual signals with important evolutionary consequences.
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Biology, Genetic Diversity, and Conservation of Wild Bees in Tree Fruit Orchards. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010031. [PMID: 36671724 PMCID: PMC9854918 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Different species of bees provide essential ecosystem services by pollinating various agricultural crops, including tree fruits. Many fruits and nuts depend on insect pollination, primarily by wild and managed bees. In different geographical regions where orchard crops are grown, fruit growers rely on wild bees in the farmscape and use orchard bees as alternative pollinators. Orchard crops such as apples, pears, plums, apricots, etc., are mass-flowering crops and attract many different bee species during their bloom period. Many bee species found in orchards emerge from overwintering as the fruit trees start flowering in spring, and the active duration of these bees aligns very closely with the blooming time of fruit trees. In addition, most of the bees in orchards are short-range foragers and tend to stay close to the fruit crops. However, the importance of orchard bee communities is not well understood, and many challenges in maintaining their populations remain. This comprehensive review paper summarizes the different types of bees commonly found in tree fruit orchards in the fruit-growing regions of the United States, their bio-ecology, and genetic diversity. Additionally, recommendations for the management of orchard bees, different strategies for protecting them from multiple stressors, and providing suitable on-farm nesting and floral resource habitats for propagation and conservation are discussed.
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14
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Canal Domenech B, Fricke C. Recovery from heat‐induced infertility—A study of reproductive tissue responses and fitness consequences in male Drosophila melanogaster. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9563. [PMCID: PMC9712812 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The predicted temperature increase caused by climate change is a threat to biodiversity. Across animal taxa, male reproduction is often sensitive to elevated temperatures leading to fertility loss, and in more adverse scenarios, this can result in sterility when males reach their upper thermal fertility limit. Here, we investigate temperature‐induced changes in reproductive tissues, fertility reduction, sterility, and the associated fitness loss during the subsequent recovery phase in male Drosophila melanogaster. We heat‐stressed males during development and either allowed them to recover or not in early adulthood while measuring several determinants of male reproductive success. We found significant differences in recovery rate, organ sizes, sperm production, and other key reproductive traits among males from our different temperature treatments. Sperm maturation was impaired before reaching the upper thermal sterility threshold. While some effects were reversible, this did not compensate for the fitness loss due to damage imposed during development. Surprisingly, developmental heat stress was damaging to accessory gland growth, and female post‐mating responses mediated by seminal fluid proteins were impaired regardless of the possibility of recovery. We suggest that sub‐lethal thermal sterility and the subsequent fertility reduction are caused by a combination of inefficient functionality of both the accessory gland and testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Canal Domenech
- Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany,Muenster Graduate School of EvolutionUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Claudia Fricke
- Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany,Institute for ZoologyHalle‐Wittenberg UniversityHalle (Saale)Germany
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15
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Akassou I, Zapponi L, Verrastro V, Ciolli M, Mazzoni V. Extending the vibroscape to agroecosystems: investigating the influence of abiotic factors and monitoring insect vibrational signaling. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14143. [PMID: 36415862 PMCID: PMC9676016 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions are crucial factors that influence communication systems and affect animal behavior. Research in the field of biotremology has improved our understanding of insect behavior, ecology, and evolution. However, the interactions between vibrational signaling and environmental factors are less studied, mainly because of technical issues faced in field trials. We therefore developed and tested an approach to investigate the effect of abiotic factors on insect vibrational signaling and explored its implementation as a monitoring tool for insect vibrational signals, using a vineyard as an agroecosystem model. Our results showed a significant decrease in insect signaling activity during unsuitable conditions of high temperature and wind velocity. We determined for the first time, the daily signaling pattern of the two insect pests, Scaphoideus titanus and Halyomorpha halys, in natural conditions. Biotremology techniques could be profitably used to monitor not only the presence of target pest species but also the biodiversity associated with vibrational signaling insects. In particular, the method implemented in this study could be used as a tool to compare the quality of cultivated areas under different management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Akassou
- DICAM Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy,Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Livia Zapponi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Verrastro
- CIHEAM–IAMB—International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Ciolli
- DICAM Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy,C3A Centre Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valerio Mazzoni
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
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16
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Karigo T, Deutsch D. Flexibility of neural circuits regulating mating behaviors in mice and flies. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:949781. [PMID: 36426135 PMCID: PMC9679785 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.949781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mating is essential for the reproduction of animal species. As mating behaviors are high-risk and energy-consuming processes, it is critical for animals to make adaptive mating decisions. This includes not only finding a suitable mate, but also adapting mating behaviors to the animal's needs and environmental conditions. Internal needs include physical states (e.g., hunger) and emotional states (e.g., fear), while external conditions include both social cues (e.g., the existence of predators or rivals) and non-social factors (e.g., food availability). With recent advances in behavioral neuroscience, we are now beginning to understand the neural basis of mating behaviors, particularly in genetic model organisms such as mice and flies. However, how internal and external factors are integrated by the nervous system to enable adaptive mating-related decision-making in a state- and context-dependent manner is less well understood. In this article, we review recent knowledge regarding the neural basis of flexible mating behaviors from studies of flies and mice. By contrasting the knowledge derived from these two evolutionarily distant model organisms, we discuss potential conserved and divergent neural mechanisms involved in the control of flexible mating behaviors in invertebrate and vertebrate brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Karigo
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Tomomi Karigo,
| | - David Deutsch
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel,David Deutsch,
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17
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Isotalo T, Rotenbiller L, Candolin U. The importance of considering the duration of extreme temperatures when investigating responses to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6577-6585. [PMID: 36053986 PMCID: PMC9805119 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and duration of heatwaves are increasing because of human activities. To cope with the changes, species with longer generation times may have to rely on plastic responses. The probability that their responses are adaptive is higher if the species have experienced temperature fluctuations also in their evolutionary past. However, experimental studies investigating responses to heatwaves often use exposure times that are significantly shorter than recent heatwaves. We show that this can lead to faulty conclusions and that the duration of higher temperature has to be considered in experimental designs. We recorded the response of threespine stickleback to prolonged duration of higher temperature during the breeding season, using a population that has experienced large fluctuations in temperature in its past and, hence, is expected to endure temperature changes well. We found males to adaptively adjust their reproductive behaviours to short periods of higher temperature, but not to longer periods that extended across two breeding cycles. Males initially increased their reproductive activities-nest building, courtship and parental care-which ensured high reproductive success during the first breeding cycle, but decreased their reproductive activities during the second breeding cycle when exposed to sustained high temperature. This reduced their courtship success and resulted in fewer offspring. Thus, a species expected to cope well with higher temperature suffers fitness reductions when the duration of high temperature is prolonged. The results stress the importance of considering the duration of extreme environmental conditions when investigating the impact that human activities have on species. Responses to short-term exposures cannot be extrapolated to assess responses to longer periods of extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teija Isotalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lilla Rotenbiller
- Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ulrika Candolin
- Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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18
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Sasson D, Agali U, Brouk R, Hercules J, Kilmer J, Macchiano A, Ola-Ajose A, Fowler-Finn K. The potential for the evolution of thermally sensitive courtship behaviours in the treehopper, Enchenopa binotata. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1442-1454. [PMID: 36129909 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of animals to adapt to warming will depend on the evolutionary potential of thermally sensitive traits. The number of studies measuring the quantitative genetics of a wide variety of thermally sensitive traits has steadily increased; however, no study has yet investigated the quantitative genetics of thermal sensitivity for courtship traits. Since courtship often precedes mating, the ability of these traits to respond to warming may impact reproduction and therefore population persistence. Here, we use classic quantitative genetics breeding design to estimate heritability of various aspects of the thermal sensitivity of courtship behaviours in the treehopper Enchenopa binotata. We generated individual-level thermal courtship activity curves for males and females and measured levels of genetic variation in the thermal sensitivity of courtship activity. We found low heritability with 95% credible intervals that did not approach zero for most traits. Levels of genetic variation were highest in traits describing thermal tolerance. We also found some evidence for genetic correlations between traits within but not across sexes. Together, our results suggest that the range of temperatures over which these treehoppers actively court can evolve, although it remains unclear whether adaptation can happen quickly enough to match the speed of warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sasson
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Uchechukwu Agali
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Harris-Stowe State University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel Brouk
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacob Hercules
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Joey Kilmer
- Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anthony Macchiano
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Abisiola Ola-Ajose
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Harris-Stowe State University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kasey Fowler-Finn
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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19
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Pilakouta N, Baillet A. Effects of temperature on mating behaviour and mating success: A meta-analysis. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1642-1650. [PMID: 35811382 PMCID: PMC9541322 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In light of global climate change, there is a pressing need to understand how populations will respond to rising temperatures. Understanding the effects of temperature changes on mating behaviour is particularly important, given its implications for population viability. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis of 53 studies to examine how temperature changes influence mating latency, choosiness and mating success. We hypothesized that if higher temperatures make mate searching and mate assessment more costly due to an elevated metabolism, this may lead to a reduction in mating latency and choosiness, thereby increasing overall mating success. We found no evidence for an overall effect of temperature on mating latency, choosiness, or mating success. There was an increase in mating success when animals were exposed to higher temperatures during mating trials but not when they were exposed before mating trials. In addition, in a subset of studies that measured both mating latency and mating success, there was a strong negative relationship between the effect sizes for these traits. This suggests that a decrease in mating latency at higher temperatures was associated with an increase in mating success and vice versa. In sum, our meta-analysis provides new insights into the effects of temperature on mating patterns. The absence of a consistent directional effect of temperature on mating behaviours and mating success suggests it may be difficult to predict changes in the strength of sexual selection in natural populations in a warming world. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that (a) higher temperatures during mating may lead to an increase in mating success and that (b) an increase in mating success is associated with a decrease in mating latency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anaїs Baillet
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Department of Wood and Forest Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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20
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Kawakita S, Takahashi H. Time-series analysis of population dynamics of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), using an ARIMAX model. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2423-2433. [PMID: 35301796 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing a model that adequately explains pest population dynamics based on weather-related parameters is fundamentally important for proper pest management. Autocorrelation with past occurrences should be considered when modeling the relationship between the time series of pest occurrence data and meteorological factors; however, few attempts have been made to model these factors simultaneously. In this study, we constructed an autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) model to represent the occurrence of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major moth pest species in Asia, using the trap catch data of S. litura recorded approximately every 5 days. The multiple meteorological measurements taken over several past periods before S. litura occurrence were included as explanatory variables to evaluate their lag effects on future occurrences. RESULTS It was suggested that temperature had the most important effect on S. litura occurrences among other meteorological factors (i.e., humidity, wind speed, and precipitation). Especially, higher temperatures during the larval/egg stage seemed to presage a higher moth abundance. When the model was fitted using independent data that were not used for calibrating the model, the model was able to capture trends in increases in the scale of occurrence, particularly after July, when the occurrence rapidly increased. CONCLUSION Past temperature condition, particularly during the larval and egg states, is suggested to be highly important for predicting future S. litura occurrences. The ARIMAX model proposed here will allow preventive measures to be taken, effectively safeguarding food resources against pest outbreaks. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawakita
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Takahashi
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hiroshima, Japan
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21
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Boff S, Conrad T, Raizer J, Wehrhahn M, Bayer M, Friedel A, Theodorou P, Schmitt T, Lupi D. Low toxicity crop fungicide (fenbuconazole) impacts reproductive male quality signals leading to a reduction of mating success in a wild solitary bee. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Boff
- University of Würzburg, Biocentre Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Würzburg Germany
- University of Milan Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Milan Italy
| | - Taina Conrad
- University of Bayreuth Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology Bayreuth Germany
| | - Josué Raizer
- Federal University of Grande Dourados Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences Dourados Brazil
| | - Marten Wehrhahn
- University of Würzburg, Biocentre Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Würzburg Germany
| | - Melis Bayer
- Ludwig Maximillians University Department of Neurobiology Munich Germany
| | - Anna Friedel
- Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Institute of Biology, General Zoology Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Panagiotis Theodorou
- Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Institute of Biology, General Zoology Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- University of Würzburg, Biocentre Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Würzburg Germany
| | - Daniela Lupi
- University of Milan Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Milan Italy
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22
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Cronin AD, Smit JAH, Muñoz MI, Poirier A, Moran PA, Jerem P, Halfwerk W. A comprehensive overview of the effects of urbanisation on sexual selection and sexual traits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1325-1345. [PMID: 35262266 PMCID: PMC9541148 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Urbanisation can affect mating opportunities and thereby alter inter- and intra-sexual selection pressures on sexual traits. Biotic and abiotic urban conditions can influence an individual's success in pre- and post-copulatory mating, for example through impacts on mate attraction and mate preference, fertilisation success, resource competition or rival interactions. Divergent sexual selection pressures can lead to differences in behavioural, physiological, morphological or life-history traits between urban and non-urban populations, ultimately driving adaptation and speciation. Most studies on urban sexual selection and mating interactions report differences between urban and non-urban populations or correlations between sexual traits and factors associated with increased urbanisation, such as pollution, food availability and risk of predation and parasitism. Here we review the literature on sexual selection and sexual traits in relation to urbanisation or urban-associated conditions. We provide an extensive list of abiotic and biotic factors that can influence processes involved in mating interactions, such as signal production and transmission, mate choice and mating opportunities. We discuss all relevant data through the lens of two, non-mutually exclusive theories on sexual selection, namely indicator and sensory models. Where possible, we indicate whether these models provide the same or different predictions regarding urban-adapted sexual signals and describe different experimental designs that can be useful for the different models as well as to investigate the drivers of sexual selection. We argue that we lack a good understanding of: (i) the factors driving urban sexual selection; (ii) whether reported changes in traits result in adaptive benefits; and (iii) whether these changes reflect a short-term ecological, or long-term evolutionary response. We highlight that urbanisation provides a unique opportunity to study the process and outcomes of sexual selection, but that this requires a highly integrative approach combining experimental and observational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Cronin
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A H Smit
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Matías I Muñoz
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Armand Poirier
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Moran
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jerem
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Halfwerk
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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23
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Perl CD, Johansen ZB, Moradinour Z, Guiraud M, Restrepo CE, Wen Jie V, Miettinen A, Baird E. Heatwave-Like Events During Development Are Sufficient to Impair Bumblebee Worker Responses to Sensory Stimuli. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.776830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heatwaves are increasingly common globally and are known to have detrimental impacts on animal morphology and behaviour. These impacts can be severe, especially if heatwaves occur during development, even on animals that can regulate the temperature of their developing young. The onset and duration of heatwaves are stochastic and therefore may affect all or only part of development. In the heterothermic bumblebee Bombus terrestris, elevated temperatures over the entirety of development cause morphological changes in adults, despite their capability to regulate brood temperature. However, the effects of heatwaves that occur during a short period of development are unclear. We test the impact of elevated developmental temperature during the latter fraction of development on the behaviour and morphology of adult worker B. terrestris. We show that exposure to elevated temperature over a portion of late development is sufficient to impair the initial behavioural responses of workers to various sensory stimuli. Despite this, exposure to elevated temperatures during a period of development did not have any significant impact on body or organ size. The negative effect of elevated developmental temperatures was independent of the exposure time, which lasted from 11–20 days at the end of the workers’ developmental period. Thus, heat stress in bumblebees can manifest without morphological indicators and impair critical behavioural responses to relevant sensory stimuli, even if only present for a short period of time at the end of development. This has important implications for our understanding of deleterious climactic events and how we measure indicators of stress in pollinators.
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24
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Nair A, Balakrishnan R. Ecological Constraints on Sexual Selection in a Human-Modified Landscape. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.802078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are changing the sensory landscape, interfering with transmission and reception of sexual signals. These changes are leading to alterations in mating behaviour with consequences to fitness. In systems where mate-finding involves long-distance signalling by one sex and approach by the other sex, the spatial distribution of signallers can have implications for male and female fitness. Spatial distribution of signallers is typically determined by an interplay of multiple factors, both ecological and evolutionary, including male competition, female choice and resources, such as calling and oviposition sites. We investigated the possible influence of resource distribution (signalling sites) on the strength and direction of sexual selection acting on false-leaf katydid Onomarchus uninotatus males, signalling in a human-modified landscape in the Western Ghats, India, a biodiversity hotspot. The landscape has changed from evergreen forests to plantations owing to human settlements. We first determined the spatial distribution of calling males and of available calling sites, which are trees of the genus Artocarpus, in the landscape. Using the information on male spacing, call transmission and hearing thresholds, the perceptual spaces of male signals were computed to understand the acoustic environment of calling males and females. It was found that both calling males and females could hear calls of males from neighbouring trees with a probability of 0.76 and 0.59, respectively. Although calling males were found to be spaced apart more than predicted by chance, significant overlap was seen in their acoustic ranges. Clustering of males enables females to easily sample multiple males, facilitating mate choice, but is detrimental to males as it increases competition for females. Using simulations, we determined the optimal spatial distributions of O. uninotatus males for female choice, and for reduction of male competition, given the signalling site distribution. The observed distribution of signallers was then compared with the hypothetical optimal distributions to examine the drivers of signaller spacing. Spacing of calling males in the field was found to be not optimal for either males or females. Resource distribution was found to limit the effectiveness of sexual selection drivers in pushing male spacing toward fitness optima of males or females.
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25
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Enos AN, Kozak GM. Elevated temperature increases reproductive investment in less preferred mates in the invasive European corn borer moth. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12064-12074. [PMID: 34522361 PMCID: PMC8427566 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly changing environments may weaken sexual selection and lead to indiscriminate mating by interfering with the reception of mating signals or by increasing the costs associated with mate choice. If temperature alters sexual selection, it may impact population response and adaptation to climate change. Here, we examine how differences in temperature of the mating environment influence reproductive investment in the European corn borer moth (Ostrinia nubilalis). Mate preference in this species is known to be related to pheromone usage, with assortative mating occurring between genetically distinct E and Z strains that differ in the composition of female and male pheromones. We compared egg production within and between corn borer lines derived from four different populations that vary in pheromone composition and other traits. Pairs of adults were placed in a mating environment that matched the pupal environment (ambient temperature) or at elevated temperature (5°C above the pupal environment). At ambient temperature, we found that within-line pairs produced eggs sooner and produced more egg clusters than between-line pairs. However, at elevated temperature, between-line pairs produced the same number of egg clusters as within-line pairs. These results suggest that elevated temperature increased investment in matings with typically less preferred, between-line mates. This increased investment could result in changes in gene flow among corn borer populations in warming environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle N. Enos
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts‐DartmouthDartmouthMassachusettsUSA
| | - Genevieve M. Kozak
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts‐DartmouthDartmouthMassachusettsUSA
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26
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Moss JB, While GM. The thermal environment as a moderator of social evolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2890-2910. [PMID: 34309173 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Animal sociality plays a crucial organisational role in evolution. As a result, understanding the factors that promote the emergence, maintenance, and diversification of animal societies is of great interest to biologists. Climate is among the foremost ecological factors implicated in evolutionary transitions in social organisation, but we are only beginning to unravel the possible mechanisms and specific climatic variables that underlie these associations. Ambient temperature is a key abiotic factor shaping the spatio-temporal distribution of individuals and has a particularly strong influence on behaviour. Whether such effects play a broader role in social evolution remains to be seen. In this review, we develop a conceptual framework for understanding how thermal effects integrate into pathways that mediate the opportunities, nature, and context of social interactions. We then implement this framework to discuss the capacity for temperature to initiate organisational changes across three broad categories of social evolution: group formation, group maintenance, and group elaboration. For each category, we focus on pivotal traits likely to have underpinned key social transitions and explore the potential for temperature to affect changes in these traits by leveraging empirical examples from the literature on thermal and behavioural ecology. Finally, we discuss research directions that should be prioritised to understand the potentially constructive and/or destructive effects of future warming on the origins, maintenance, and diversification of animal societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette B Moss
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, 7005, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M While
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, 7005, Australia
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27
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Leith NT, Macchiano A, Moore MP, Fowler-Finn KD. Temperature impacts all behavioral interactions during insect and arachnid reproduction. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 45:106-114. [PMID: 33831604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Temperature shapes the processes and outcomes of behaviors that occur throughout the progression of insect and arachnid mating interactions and reproduction. Here, we highlight how temperature impacts precopulatory activity levels, competition among rivals, communication with potential mates, and the relative costs and benefits of mating. We review how both the prevailing temperature conditions during reproductive activity and the temperatures experienced early in life influence mating-related behavior. To effectively predict the consequences of global warming for insect and arachnid mating behavior, we advocate for future work that universally integrates a function-valued approach to measuring thermal sensitivity. A function-valued approach will be especially useful for understanding how fine-scale temperature variation shapes current and future selection on mating interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T Leith
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, United States.
| | | | - Michael P Moore
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Kasey D Fowler-Finn
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, United States; Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
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28
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Pilakouta N, Ålund M. Editorial: Sexual selection and environmental change: what do we know and what comes next? Curr Zool 2021; 67:293-298. [PMID: 34616921 PMCID: PMC8488989 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Pilakouta
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Murielle Ålund
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Martinet B, Zambra E, Przybyla K, Lecocq T, Anselmo A, Nonclercq D, Rasmont P, Michez D, Hennebert E. Mating under climate change: Impact of simulated heatwaves on the reproduction of model pollinators. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Martinet
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Ella Zambra
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Kimberly Przybyla
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Thomas Lecocq
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
- INRAEURAFPAUniversity of Lorraine Nancy France
| | - Abigaël Anselmo
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Denis Nonclercq
- Laboratory of Histology Research Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Elise Hennebert
- Laboratory of Cell Biology Research Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of Mons Mons Belgium
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30
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Halimubieke N, Kupán K, Valdebenito JO, Kubelka V, Carmona-Isunza MC, Burgas D, Catlin D, St Clair JJH, Cohen J, Figuerola J, Yasué M, Johnson M, Mencarelli M, Cruz-López M, Stantial M, Weston MA, Lloyd P, Que P, Montalvo T, Bansal U, McDonald GC, Liu Y, Kosztolányi A, Székely T. Successful breeding predicts divorce in plovers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15576. [PMID: 32968190 PMCID: PMC7511398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When individuals breed more than once, parents are faced with the choice of whether to re-mate with their old partner or divorce and select a new mate. Evolutionary theory predicts that, following successful reproduction with a given partner, that partner should be retained for future reproduction. However, recent work in a polygamous bird, has instead indicated that successful parents divorced more often than failed breeders (Halimubieke et al. in Ecol Evol 9:10734-10745, 2019), because one parent can benefit by mating with a new partner and reproducing shortly after divorce. Here we investigate whether successful breeding predicts divorce using data from 14 well-monitored populations of plovers (Charadrius spp.). We show that successful nesting leads to divorce, whereas nest failure leads to retention of the mate for follow-up breeding. Plovers that divorced their partners and simultaneously deserted their broods produced more offspring within a season than parents that retained their mate. Our work provides a counterpoint to theoretical expectations that divorce is triggered by low reproductive success, and supports adaptive explanations of divorce as a strategy to improve individual reproductive success. In addition, we show that temperature may modulate these costs and benefits, and contribute to dynamic variation in patterns of divorce across plover breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naerhulan Halimubieke
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
| | - Krisztina Kupán
- Behaviour Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - José O Valdebenito
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Vojtěch Kubelka
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Biodiversity Research, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - María Cristina Carmona-Isunza
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Burgas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Daniel Catlin
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blackburg, USA
| | - James J H St Clair
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, USA
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maï Yasué
- Quest University Canada, Squamish, Canada
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Forest Supervisor's Office, USDA Forest Service, Plumas National Forest, Quincy, CA, USA
| | | | - Medardo Cruz-López
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar Y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Michelle Stantial
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, USA
| | - Michael A Weston
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and the Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Penn Lloyd
- FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pinjia Que
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Tomás Montalvo
- Servei de Vigilancia I Control de Plagues Urbanes, Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Udita Bansal
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Grant C McDonald
- Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - András Kosztolányi
- Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Székely
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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31
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García-Roa R, Garcia-Gonzalez F, Noble DWA, Carazo P. Temperature as a modulator of sexual selection. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1607-1629. [PMID: 32691483 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A central question in ecology and evolution is to understand why sexual selection varies so much in strength across taxa; it has long been known that ecological factors are crucial to this. Temperature is a particularly salient abiotic ecological factor that modulates a wide range of physiological, morphological and behavioural traits, impacting individuals and populations at a global taxonomic scale. Furthermore, temperature exhibits substantial temporal variation (e.g. daily, seasonally and inter-seasonally), and hence for most species in the wild sexual selection will regularly unfold in a dynamic thermal environment. Unfortunately, studies have so far almost completely neglected the role of temperature as a modulator of sexual selection. Here, we outline the main pathways through which temperature can affect the intensity and form (i.e. mechanisms) of sexual selection, via: (i) direct effects on secondary sexual traits and preferences (i.e. trait variance, opportunity for selection and trait-fitness covariance), and (ii) indirect effects on key mating parameters, sex-specific reproductive costs/benefits, trade-offs, demography and correlated abiotic factors. Building upon this framework, we show that, by focusing exclusively on the first-order effects that environmental temperature has on traits linked with individual fitness and population viability, current global warming studies may be ignoring eco-evolutionary feedbacks mediated by sexual selection. Finally, we tested the general prediction that temperature modulates sexual selection by conducting a meta-analysis of available studies experimentally manipulating temperature and reporting effects on the variance of male/female reproductive success and/or traits under sexual selection. Our results show a clear association between temperature and sexual selection measures in both sexes. In short, we suggest that studying the feedback between temperature and sexual selection processes may be vital to developing a better understanding of variation in the strength of sexual selection in nature, and its consequences for population viability in response to environmental change (e.g. global warming).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto García-Roa
- Behaviour and Evolution, Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Gonzalez
- Doñana Biological Station, Spanish Research Council CSIC, c/Americo Vespucio, 26, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, 41092, Spain.,Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2061, Australia
| | - Pau Carazo
- Behaviour and Evolution, Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
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32
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Leith NT, Jocson DI, Fowler‐Finn KD. Temperature‐related breakdowns in the coordination of mating in
Enchenopa binotata
treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae). Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noah T. Leith
- Department of Biology Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Dowen I. Jocson
- Department of Biology Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
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33
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Parisi C, Guerriero G. Antioxidative Defense and Fertility Rate in the Assessment of Reprotoxicity Risk Posed by Global Warming. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E622. [PMID: 31817462 PMCID: PMC6943697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to briefly summarize the recent progress in studies done on the assessment of reprotoxicity risk posed by global warming for the foundation of strategic tool in ecosystem-based adaptation. The selected animal data analysis that was used in this paper focuses on antioxidative markers and fertility rate estimated over the period 2000-2019. We followed a phylogenetic methodology in order to report data on a panel of selected organisms that show dangerous effects. The oxidative damage studies related to temperature fluctuation occurring in biosentinels of different invertebrate and vertebrate classes show a consistently maintained physiological defense. Furthermore, the results from homeothermic and poikilothermic species in our study highlight the influence of temperature rise on reprotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Parisi
- Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environment, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
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34
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Macchiano A, Sasson DA, Leith NT, Fowler-Finn KD. Patterns of Thermal Sensitivity and Sex-Specificity of Courtship Behavior Differs Between Two Sympatric Species of Enchenopa Treehopper. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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35
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36
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Jocson DMI, Smeester ME, Leith NT, Macchiano A, Fowler-Finn KD. Temperature coupling of mate attraction signals and female mate preferences in four populations of Enchenopa treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae). J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1046-1056. [PMID: 31278803 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Variation in temperature can affect the expression of a variety of important fitness-related behaviours, including those involved with mate attraction and selection, with consequences for the coordination of mating across variable environments. We examined how temperature influences the expression of male mating signals and female mate preferences-as well as the relationship between how male signals and female mate preferences change across temperatures (signal-preference temperature coupling)-in Enchenopa binotata treehoppers. These small plant-feeding insects communicate using plantborne vibrations, and our field surveys indicate they experience significant natural variation in temperature during the mating season. We tested for signal-preference temperature coupling in four populations of E. binotata by manipulating temperature in a controlled laboratory environment. We measured the frequency of male signals-the trait for which females show strongest preference-and female peak preference-the signal frequency most preferred by females-across a range of biologically relevant temperatures (18°C-36°C). We found a strong effect of temperature on both male signals and female preferences, which generated signal-preference temperature coupling within each population. Even in a population in which male signals mismatched female preferences, the temperature coupling reinforces predicted directional selection across all temperatures. Additionally, we found similar thermal sensitivity in signals and preferences across populations even though populations varied in the mean frequency of male signals and female peak preference. Together, these results suggest that temperature variation should not affect the action of sexual selection via female choice, but rather should reinforce stabilizing selection in populations with signal-preference matches, and directional selection in those with signal-preference mismatches. Finally, we do not predict that thermal variation will disrupt the coordination of mating in this species by generating signal-preference mismatches at thermal extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noah T Leith
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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37
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Eberhard MJB, Metze D, Küpper SC. Causes of variability in male vibratory signals and the role of female choice in Mantophasmatodea. Behav Processes 2019; 166:103907. [PMID: 31302240 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Communication systems that involve substrate vibrations are increasingly a focus of research since this communication mode - recently termed biotremology - has been found to be remarkably widespread in the animal kingdom. Vibrational signals are often used during courtship and therefore underlie both natural and sexual selection. Mantophasmatodea use species- and sex-specific substrate vibrational signals during courtship. We explored whether male vibrational signals of the South African heelwalker Karoophasma biedouwense vary with temperature, body condition and age, and tested female preference towards various signal pattern combinations. We recorded male signals under varying temperatures and over 3.5 weeks after onset of signaling. Our results show that the temporal structure of male signals is modified by changes in temperature, and changes with male age. Other characteristics, especially duty cycles, are less affected, but correlate with body condition. Females responded along a broad spectrum of signaling patterns, indicating that they do not favor signals of males of a certain age or condition. They were selective towards the fine structure of vibratory signals, suggesting that pulse repetition times carry species-specific information. Mantophasmatodea thus use vibrational signals to identify and localize a mating partner, but presumably not for precopulatory mate selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika J B Eberhard
- Zoological Institute and Museum, General Zoology and Zoological Systematics, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Dennis Metze
- Zoological Institute and Museum, General Zoology and Zoological Systematics, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Simon C Küpper
- Zoological Institute and Museum, General Zoology and Zoological Systematics, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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38
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Putland RL, Montgomery JC, Radford CA. Ecology of fish hearing. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:39-52. [PMID: 30447064 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Underwater sound is directional and can convey important information about the surrounding environment or the animal emitting the sound. Therefore, sound is a major sensory channel for fishes and plays a key role in many life-history strategies. The effect of anthropogenic noise on aquatic life, which may be causing homogenisation or fragmentation of biologically important signals underwater is of growing concern. In this review we discuss the role sound plays in the ecology of fishes, basic anatomical and physiological adaptations for sound reception and production, the effects of anthropogenic noise and how fishes may be coping to changes in their environment, to put the ecology of fish hearing into the context of the modern underwater soundscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn L Putland
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Biology, Swenson Science Building, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - John C Montgomery
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Craig A Radford
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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39
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Moraes PZ, Diniz P, Macedo RH. Dangerous love? Predation risk does not affect female mate choice in blue‐black grassquits. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Z. Moraes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Comportamento Animal Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Pedro Diniz
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Regina H. Macedo
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Comportamento Animal Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
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40
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Walsh BS, Parratt SR, Hoffmann AA, Atkinson D, Snook RR, Bretman A, Price TAR. The Impact of Climate Change on Fertility. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:249-259. [PMID: 30635138 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rising global temperatures are threatening biodiversity. Studies on the impact of temperature on natural populations usually use lethal or viability thresholds, termed the 'critical thermal limit' (CTL). However, this overlooks important sublethal impacts of temperature that could affect species' persistence. Here we discuss a critical but overlooked trait: fertility, which can deteriorate at temperatures less severe than an organism's lethal limit. We argue that studies examining the ecological and evolutionary impacts of climate change should consider the 'thermal fertility limit' (TFL) of species; we propose that a framework for the design of TFL studies across taxa be developed. Given the importance of fertility for population persistence, understanding how climate change affects TFLs is vital for the assessment of future biodiversity impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Walsh
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Authors contributed equally
| | - Steven R Parratt
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Authors contributed equally
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Atkinson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhonda R Snook
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda Bretman
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tom A R Price
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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41
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42
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Temperature variations affect postcopulatory but not precopulatory sexual selection in the cigarette beetle. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Conrad T, Paxton RJ, Assum G, Ayasse M. Divergence in male sexual odor signal and genetics across populations of the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis, in Europe. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193153. [PMID: 29470539 PMCID: PMC5823451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In some insect species, females may base their choice for a suitable mate on male odor. In the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis, female choice is based on a male’s odor bouquet as well as its thorax vibrations, and its relatedness to the female, a putative form of optimal outbreeding. Interestingly, O. bicornis can be found as two distinct color morphs in Europe, which are thought to represent subspecies and between which we hypothesize that female discrimination may be particularly marked. Here we investigated (i) if these two colors morphs do indeed represent distinct, reproductively differentiated populations, (ii) how odor bouquets of male O. bicornis vary within and between populations, and (iii) whether variation in male odor correlates with genetic distance, which might represent a cue by which females could optimally outbreed. Using GC and GC-MS analysis of male odors and microsatellite analysis of males and females from 9 populations, we show that, in Denmark, an area of subspecies sympatry, the two color morphs at any one site do not differ, either in odor bouquet or in population genetic differentiation. Yet populations across Europe are distinct in their odor profile as well as being genetically differentiated. Odor differences do not, however, mirror genetic differentiation between populations. We hypothesize that populations from Germany, England and Denmark may be under sexual selection through female choice for local odor profiles, which are not related to color morph though which could ultimately lead to population divergence and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Conrad
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robert J Paxton
- Institute of Biology/General Zoology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Günter Assum
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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44
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Conrad T, Stöcker C, Ayasse M. The effect of temperature on male mating signals and female choice in the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis (L.). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:8966-8975. [PMID: 29152191 PMCID: PMC5677480 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and the resulting changes in air temperature are known to have a major influence on most animals, especially poikilothermic insects, because they depend on the high enough temperatures to function. Previous studies have shown that various signals can be affected by changes in temperature. However, research into the effect of temperature on mating signals and subsequently communication between mates and on female choice is still rare. In the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis, which emerges early in spring and is therefore subject to extensive temperature changes, females choose suitable males based on, among other criteria, their thorax vibrations and odor. So far there has been no research into the effect of temperature changes on these signals. We therefore investigated whether the environmental temperature has an influence on the male's mating signals by measuring vibrations using a laser vibrometer and collecting male and female odor at different temperatures. Furthermore, we performed behavioral experiments in order to show whether there is an effect of temperature-induced changes and female choice. Our results showed that rejected males differed in their vibrations between the two temperature settings but accepted ones did not. Temperature changes therefore seem to have a stronger effect on those males that are rejected by the females, whereas the accepted males are the ones that can produce desirable signals despite temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, we found that the differences in odor profiles were greater between temperature settings than between the sexes and that females change their preference for odor with temperature. We conclude that temperature strongly influences the male mating signals and therefore may have a major impact on sexual selection in this species. This is an important aspect to consider, not only in future studies on mating behavior, but also in view of our ever raising temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Conrad
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation GenomicsUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Carina Stöcker
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation GenomicsUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation GenomicsUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
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