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Kloos S, Lüpke M, Estrella N, Ghada W, Kattge J, Bucher SF, Buras A, Menzel A. The linkage between functional traits and drone-derived phenology of 74 Northern Hemisphere tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175753. [PMID: 39182776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Tree phenology is a major component of the global carbon and water cycle, serving as a fingerprint of climate change, and exhibiting significant variability both within and between species. In the emerging field of drone monitoring, it remains unclear whether this phenological variability can be effectively captured across numerous tree species. Additionally, the drivers behind interspecific variations in the phenology of deciduous trees are poorly understood, although they may be linked to plant functional traits. In this study, we derived the start of season (SOS), end of season (EOS), and length of season (LOS) for 3099 individuals from 74 deciduous tree species of the Northern Hemisphere at a unique study site in southeast Germany using drone imagery. We validated these phenological metrics with in-situ data and analyzed the interspecific variability in terms of plant functional traits. The drone-derived SOS and EOS showed high agreement with ground observations of leaf unfolding (R2 = 0.49) and leaf discoloration (R2 = 0.79), indicating that this methodology robustly captures phenology at the individual level with low temporal and human effort. Both intra- and interspecific phenological variability were high in spring and autumn, leading to differences in the LOS of up to two months under almost identical environmental conditions. Functional traits such as seed dry mass, chromosome number, and continent of origin played significant roles in explaining interspecific phenological differences in SOS, EOS, and LOS, respectively. In total, 55 %, 39 %, and 45 % of interspecific variation in SOS, EOS, and LOS could be explained by the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models based on functional traits. Our findings encourage new research avenues in tree phenology and advance our understanding of the growth strategies of key tree species in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kloos
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Marvin Lüpke
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Nicole Estrella
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Wael Ghada
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knӧll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Solveig Franziska Bucher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Plant Biodiversity Group, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 16, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Allan Buras
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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2
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Kuo WH, Zhong L, Wright SJ, Goad DM, Olsen KM. Beyond cyanogenesis: Temperature gradients drive environmental adaptation in North American white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17484. [PMID: 39072878 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Species that repeatedly evolve phenotypic clines across environmental gradients have been highlighted as ideal systems for characterizing the genomic basis of local environmental adaptation. However, few studies have assessed the importance of observed phenotypic clines for local adaptation: conspicuous traits that vary clinally may not necessarily be the most critical in determining local fitness. The present study was designed to fill this gap, using a plant species characterized by repeatedly evolved adaptive phenotypic clines. White clover is naturally polymorphic for its chemical defence cyanogenesis (HCN release with tissue damage); climate-associated cyanogenesis clines have evolved throughout its native and introduced range worldwide. We performed landscape genomic analyses on 415 wild genotypes from 43 locations spanning much of the North American species range to assess the relative importance of cyanogenesis loci vs. other genomic factors in local climatic adaptation. We find clear evidence of local adaptation, with temperature-related climatic variables best describing genome-wide differentiation between sampling locations. The same climatic variables are also strongly correlated with cyanogenesis frequencies and gene copy number variations (CNVs) at cyanogenesis loci. However, landscape genomic analyses indicate no significant contribution of cyanogenesis loci to local adaptation. Instead, several genomic regions containing promising candidate genes for plant response to seasonal cues are identified - some of which are shared with previously identified QTLs for locally adaptive fitness traits in North American white clover. Our findings suggest that local adaptation in white clover is likely determined primarily by genes controlling the timing of growth and flowering in response to local seasonal cues. More generally, this work suggests that caution is warranted when considering the importance of conspicuous phenotypic clines as primary determinants of local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsi Kuo
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Limei Zhong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sara J Wright
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David M Goad
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kenneth M Olsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Bao Y, Tian H, Wang X. Effects of climate change and ozone on vegetation phenology on the Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172780. [PMID: 38685428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The vegetation phenology, encompassing the start (SOS) and end (EOS) of the growing season on the Tibetan Plateau, has been significantly impacted by global climate change. Furthermore, ozone (O3) has gradually become the main pollutant in this region, substantially influencing carbon cycle and ecosystems on Earth. While ongoing studies have focused mainly on the implications of climate parameters, including temperature, precipitation, and radiation, the effects of O3 on the SOS and EOS remain unclear. Here, we compared the responses and sensitivities of the SOS and EOS to both climatic factors and O3 in this region. With the use of partial correlation analysis, we found that increased precipitation was the most important factor influencing the SOS and caused earlier occurrence (4.8 % vs. 21.9 %) for most plant functional types. In comparison, temperature only dominated in shrublands. In particular, we found that the EOS responded comparably to climatic factors with similar proportions between advancing and delaying patterns. However, higher O3 levels consistently advanced the EOS for almost all plant functional types and was the main factor controlling EOS variations based on the sensitivity analysis. Our results emphasized that O3 pollution should be considered for obtaining better phenological forecasts and determining the impacts of the environment and atmospheric composition on carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Bao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Haifeng Tian
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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4
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Deilmann TJ, Ulrich J, Römermann C. Habitat conditions filter stronger for functional traits than for phenology in herbaceous species. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11505. [PMID: 38835520 PMCID: PMC11148399 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies in botanical gardens are investigating species' responses to climate change. However, the influence of local environmental or habitat conditions such as soil nutrient status or microclimate on phenology and the link between morpho-physiological functional traits and phenological stages are poorly understood, making it difficult to extrapolate patterns from botanical gardens to natural environments. Therefore, we selected herbaceous species growing in two semi-natural habitats, namely, semi-dry grasslands (SDGs) and mesophilic grasslands (MGs) and the botanical garden of Jena (Germany) to investigate the influence of habitat conditions on interspecific and intraspecific patterns in phenology, functional traits and their associations. For 16 species, we monitored leaf and flowering phenology weekly for 133 populations from the three habitats, measured morpho-physiological traits (i.e., whole plant, leaf and reproductive traits), as well as habitat conditions and compared the measurements across habitats. Multivariate analyses revealed that morpho-physiological traits conspicuously showed stronger differences between habitats compared to phenological traits. Populations on MG showed temporal niche segregation, whereas populations on SDG showed flowering synchrony. Boosted Regression Trees showed that morpho-physiological traits, especially reproductive traits, strongly influenced phenological traits and that the trait-phenology relationships were highly habitat-specific. We conclude that species phenology is broadly similar between botanical gardens and local habitats. However, phenological responses to the environment may be constrained by a certain suite of correlated traits due to ecological plant strategies that vary across habitats. The effect of habitat conditions on morpho-physiological functional traits and phenology-trait relationships is important and should not be neglected at local scales, implying consequences at larger scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till J Deilmann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Jena Germany
- Senckenberg Institute for Plant Form and Function Jena Jena Germany
| | - Josephine Ulrich
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Jena Germany
- Senckenberg Institute for Plant Form and Function Jena Jena Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Jena Germany
- Senckenberg Institute for Plant Form and Function Jena Jena Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
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Plos C, Hensen I, Korell L, Auge H, Römermann C. Plant species phenology differs between climate and land-use scenarios and relates to plant functional traits. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11441. [PMID: 38799400 PMCID: PMC11116844 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenological shifts due to changing climate are often highly species and context specific. Land-use practices such as mowing or grazing directly affect the phenology of grassland species, but it is unclear if plants are similarly affected by climate change in differently managed grassland systems such as meadows and pastures. Functional traits have a high potential to explain phenological shifts and might help to understand species-specific and land-use-specific phenological responses to changes in climate. In the large-scale field experiment Global Change Experimental Facility (GCEF), we monitored the first flowering day, last flowering day, flowering duration, and day of peak flowering, of 17 herbaceous grassland species under ambient and future climate conditions, comparing meadows and pastures. Both climate and land use impacted the flowering phenology of plant species in species-specific ways. We did not find evidence for interacting effects of climate and land-use type on plant phenology. However, the data indicate that microclimatic and microsite conditions on meadows and pastures were differently affected by future climate, making differential effects on meadows and pastures likely. Functional traits, including the phenological niche and grassland utilization indicator values, explained species-specific phenological climate responses. Late flowering species and species with a low mowing tolerance advanced their flowering more strongly under future climate. Long flowering species and species following an acquisitive strategy (high specific leaf area, high mowing tolerance, and high forage value) advanced their flowering end more strongly and thus more strongly shortened their flowering under future climate. We associated these trait-response relationships primarily with a phenological drought escape during summer. Our results provide novel insights on how climate and land use impact the flowering phenology of grassland species and we highlight the role of functional traits in mediating phenological responses to climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Plos
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Isabell Hensen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Lotte Korell
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Harald Auge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJenaGermany
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6
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Shahzad K, Zhu M, Cao L, Hao Y, Zhou Y, Liu W, Dai J. Phylogenetic conservation in plant phenological traits varies between temperate and subtropical climates in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1367152. [PMID: 38660448 PMCID: PMC11039852 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1367152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Phenological traits, such as leaf and flowering dates, are proven to be phylogenetically conserved. The relationship between phylogenetic conservation, plant phenology, and climatic factors remains unknown. Here, we assessed phenological features among flowering plants as evidence for phylogenetic conservatism, the tendency for closely related species to share similar ecological and biological attributes. We use spring phenological traits data from 1968-2018 of 65 trees and 49 shrubs in Xi'an (temperate climate) and Guiyang (subtropical climate) to understand plant phenological traits' relationship with phylogeny. Molecular datasets are employed in evolutionary models to test the phylogenetic conservatism in spring phenological characteristics in response to climate-sensitive phenological features. Significant phylogenetic conservation was found in the Xi'an plant's phenological traits, while there was a non-significant conservation in the Guiyang plant species. Phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) models correlate with phenological features significantly in Xi'an while non-significantly in Guiyang. Based on the findings of molecular dating, it was suggested that the Guiyang species split off from their relatives around 46.0 mya during the middle Eocene of the Tertiary Cenozoic Era, while Xi'an species showed a long evolutionary history and diverged from their relatives around 95 mya during the late Cretaceous Mesozoic Era. First leaf dates (FLD) indicative of spring phenology, show that Xi'an adjourned the case later than Guiyang. Unlike FLD, first flower dates (FFD) yield different results as Guiyang flowers appear later than Xi'an's. Our research revealed that various factors, including phylogeny, growth form, and functional features, influenced the diversity of flowering phenology within species in conjunction with local climate circumstances. These results are conducive to understanding evolutionary conservation mechanisms in plant phenology concerning evolutionary processes in different geographical and climate zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Junhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yan Z, Moon M, Yang D, Meng L, Bucher SF, Wang J, Song G, Guo Z, Su Y, Wu J. Exploring the role of biotic factors in regulating the spatial variability in land surface phenology across four temperate forest sites. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38572888 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Land surface phenology (LSP), the characterization of plant phenology with satellite data, is essential for understanding the effects of climate change on ecosystem functions. Considerable LSP variation is observed within local landscapes, and the role of biotic factors in regulating such variation remains underexplored. In this study, we selected four National Ecological Observatory Network terrestrial sites with minor topographic relief to investigate how biotic factors regulate intra-site LSP variability. We utilized plant functional type (PFT) maps, functional traits, and LSP data to assess the explanatory power of biotic factors for the start and end of season (SOS and EOS) variability. Our results indicate that PFTs alone explain only 0.8-23.4% of intra-site SOS and EOS variation, whereas including functional traits significantly improves explanatory power, with cross-validation correlations ranging from 0.50 to 0.85. While functional traits exhibited diverse effects on SOS and EOS across different sites, traits related to competitive ability and productivity were important for explaining both SOS and EOS variation at these sites. These findings reveal that plants exhibit diverse phenological responses to comparable environmental conditions, and functional traits significantly contribute to intra-site LSP variability, highlighting the importance of intrinsic biotic properties in regulating plant phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zhengbing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Minkyu Moon
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Dedi Yang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Lin Meng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Solveig Franziska Bucher
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, D-07743, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangqin Song
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengfei Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanjun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jin Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Rauschkolb R, Bucher SF, Hensen I, Ahrends A, Fernández-Pascual E, Heubach K, Jakubka D, Jiménez-Alfaro B, König A, Koubek T, Kehl A, Khuroo AA, Lindstädter A, Shafee F, Mašková T, Platonova E, Panico P, Plos C, Primack R, Rosche C, Shah MA, Sporbert M, Stevens AD, Tarquini F, Tielbörger K, Träger S, Vange V, Weigelt P, Bonn A, Freiberg M, Knickmann B, Nordt B, Wirth C, Römermann C. Spatial variability in herbaceous plant phenology is mostly explained by variability in temperature but also by photoperiod and functional traits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:761-775. [PMID: 38285109 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Whereas temporal variability of plant phenology in response to climate change has already been well studied, the spatial variability of phenology is not well understood. Given that phenological shifts may affect biotic interactions, there is a need to investigate how the variability in environmental factors relates to the spatial variability in herbaceous species' phenology by at the same time considering their functional traits to predict their general and species-specific responses to future climate change. In this project, we analysed phenology records of 148 herbaceous species, which were observed for a single year by the PhenObs network in 15 botanical gardens. For each species, we characterised the spatial variability in six different phenological stages across gardens. We used boosted regression trees to link these variabilities in phenology to the variability in environmental parameters (temperature, latitude and local habitat conditions) as well as species traits (seed mass, vegetative height, specific leaf area and temporal niche) hypothesised to be related to phenology variability. We found that spatial variability in the phenology of herbaceous species was mainly driven by the variability in temperature but also photoperiod was an important driving factor for some phenological stages. In addition, we found that early-flowering and less competitive species characterised by small specific leaf area and vegetative height were more variable in their phenology. Our findings contribute to the field of phenology by showing that besides temperature, photoperiod and functional traits are important to be included when spatial variability of herbaceous species is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rauschkolb
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Solveig Franziska Bucher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Isabell Hensen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | - Katja Heubach
- Palmengarten and Botanical Garden Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Desiree Jakubka
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Borja Jiménez-Alfaro
- Biodiversity Research Institute, IMIB (Univ.Oviedo-CSIC-Princ.Asturias), Mieres, Spain
| | - Andreas König
- Palmengarten and Botanical Garden Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomáš Koubek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Kehl
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anzar A Khuroo
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Anja Lindstädter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany with Botanical Garden, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Faizan Shafee
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Tereza Mašková
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Patrizia Panico
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolin Plos
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Christoph Rosche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Maria Sporbert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Flavio Tarquini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Träger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vibekke Vange
- Ringve Botanical Garden, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Freiberg
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Nordt
- Botanic Garden Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Rondinel-Mendoza KV, Lorite J, Marín-Rodulfo M, Cañadas EM. Tracking Phenological Changes over 183 Years in Endemic Species of a Mediterranean Mountain (Sierra Nevada, SE Spain) Using Herbarium Specimens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:522. [PMID: 38498521 PMCID: PMC10892450 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Phenological studies have a crucial role in the global change context. The Mediterranean basin constitutes a key study site since strong climate change impacts are expected, particularly in mountain areas such as Sierra Nevada, where we focus. Specifically, we delve into phenological changes in endemic vascular plants over time by analysing data at three scales: entire massif, altitudinal ranges, and particular species, seeking to contribute to stopping biodiversity loss. For this, we analysed 5262 samples of 2129 herbarium sheets from Sierra Nevada, dated from 1837 to 2019, including reproductive structure, complete collection date, and precise location. We found a generalized advancement in phenology at all scales, and particularly in flowering onset and flowering peak. Thus, plants flower on average 11 days earlier now than before the 1970s. Although similar trends have been confirmed for many territories and species, we address plants that have been studied little in the past regarding biotypes and distribution, and which are relevant for conservation. Thus, we analysed phenological changes in endemic plants, mostly threatened, from a crucial hotspot within the Mediterranean hotspot, which is particularly vulnerable to global warming. Our results highlight the urgency of phenological studies by species and of including ecological interactions and effects on their life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy V. Rondinel-Mendoza
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.); (M.M.-R.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Juan Lorite
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.); (M.M.-R.); (E.M.C.)
- Interuniversity Institute for Earth System Research, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Macarena Marín-Rodulfo
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.); (M.M.-R.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Eva M. Cañadas
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.); (M.M.-R.); (E.M.C.)
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10
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Bucher SF, Uhde L, Weigelt A, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N, Gebler A, Kyba C, Römermann C, Shatwell T, Hines J. Artificial light at night decreases plant diversity and performance in experimental grassland communities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220358. [PMID: 37899022 PMCID: PMC10613542 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects many areas of the world and is increasing globally. To date, there has been limited and inconsistent evidence regarding the consequences of ALAN for plant communities, as well as for the fitness of their constituent species. ALAN could be beneficial for plants as they need light as energy source, but they also need darkness for regeneration and growth. We created model communities composed of 16 plant species sown, exposed to a gradient of ALAN ranging from 'moonlight only' to conditions like situations typically found directly underneath a streetlamp. We measured plant community composition and its production (biomass), as well as functional traits of three plant species from different functional groups (grasses, herbs, legumes) in two separate harvests. We found that biomass was reduced by 33% in the highest ALAN treatment compared to the control, Shannon diversity decreased by 43% and evenness by 34% in the first harvest. Some species failed to establish in the second harvest. Specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content and leaf hairiness responded to ALAN. These responses suggest that plant communities will be sensitive to increasing ALAN, and they flag a need for plant conservation activities that consider impending ALAN scenarios. This article is part of the theme issue 'Light pollution in complex ecological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Franziska Bucher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lia Uhde
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alban Gebler
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher Kyba
- Interdisciplinary Geographic Information Sciences, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tom Shatwell
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jes Hines
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Katal N, Rzanny M, Mäder P, Römermann C, Wittich HC, Boho D, Musavi T, Wäldchen J. Bridging the gap: how to adopt opportunistic plant observations for phenology monitoring. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150956. [PMID: 37860262 PMCID: PMC10582721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenology plays a vital role in assessing climate change. To monitor this, individual plants are traditionally visited and observed by trained volunteers organized in national or international networks - in Germany, for example, by the German Weather Service, DWD. However, their number of observers is continuously decreasing. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using opportunistically captured plant observations, collected via the plant identification app Flora Incognita to determine the onset of flowering and, based on that, create interpolation maps comparable to those of the DWD. Therefore, the opportunistic observations of 17 species collected in 2020 and 2021 were assigned to "Flora Incognita stations" based on location and altitude in order to mimic the network of stations forming the data basis for the interpolation conducted by the DWD. From the distribution of observations, the percentile representing onset of flowering date was calculated using a parametric bootstrapping approach and then interpolated following the same process as applied by the DWD. Our results show that for frequently observed, herbaceous and conspicuous species, the patterns of onset of flowering were similar and comparable between both data sources. We argue that a prominent flowering stage is crucial for accurately determining the onset of flowering from opportunistic plant observations, and we discuss additional factors, such as species distribution, location bias and societal events contributing to the differences among species and phenology data. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the phenological monitoring of certain species can benefit from incorporating opportunistic plant observations. Furthermore, we highlight the potential to expand the taxonomic range of monitored species for phenological stage assessment through opportunistic plant observation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Katal
- Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Rzanny
- Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Mäder
- Data Intensive Systems and Visualisation, Technische Universitat Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Wittich
- Data Intensive Systems and Visualisation, Technische Universitat Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - David Boho
- Data Intensive Systems and Visualisation, Technische Universitat Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Talie Musavi
- Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Wäldchen
- Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Ma Y, Zhao X, Li X, Hu Y, Wang C. Intraspecific Variation in Functional Traits of Medicago sativa Determine the Effect of Plant Diversity and Nitrogen Addition on Flowering Phenology in a One-Year Common Garden Experiment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1994. [PMID: 37653910 PMCID: PMC10223969 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deposition and biodiversity alter plant flowering phenology through abiotic factors and functional traits. However, few studies have considered their combined effects on flowering phenology. A common garden experiment with two nitrogen addition levels (0 and 6 g N m-2 year-1) and five species richness levels (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8) was established. We assessed the effects of nitrogen addition and plant species richness on three flowering phenological events of Medicago sativa L. via changes in functional traits, soil nutrients, and soil moisture and temperature. The first flowering day was delayed, the last flowering day advanced, and the flowering duration shortened after nitrogen addition. Meanwhile, the last flowering day advanced, and flowering duration shortened along plant species richness gradients, with an average of 0.64 and 0.95 days change per plant species increase, respectively. Importantly, it was observed that plant species richness affected flowering phenology mainly through changes in plant nutrient acquisition traits (i.e., leaf nitrogen and carbon/nitrogen ratio). Our findings illustrate the non-negligible effects of intraspecific variation in functional traits on flowering phenology and highlight the importance of including functional traits in phenological models to improve predictions of plant phenology in response to nitrogen deposition and biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (Y.H.)
| | - Xiang Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (Y.H.)
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (Y.H.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (Y.H.)
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13
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Ranpal S, von Bargen S, Gilles S, Luschkova D, Landgraf M, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Büttner C, Damialis A, Jochner-Oette S. Pollen production of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00484-023-02483-7. [PMID: 37154946 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
High-altitude environments are highly susceptible to the effects of climate change. Thus, it is crucial to examine and understand the behaviour of specific plant traits along altitudinal gradients, which offer a real-life laboratory for analysing future impacts of climate change. The available information on how pollen production varies at different altitudes in mountainous areas is limited. In this study, we investigated pollen production of 17 birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) individuals along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps. We sampled catkins at nine locations in the years 2020-2021 and monitored air temperatures. We investigated how birch pollen, flowers and inflorescences are produced in relation to thermal factors at various elevations. We found that mean pollen production of Betula pubescens Ehrh. varied between 0.4 and 8.3 million pollen grains per catkin. We did not observe any significant relationships between the studied reproductive metrics and altitude. However, minimum temperature of the previous summer was found to be significantly correlated to pollen (rs = 0.504, p = 0.039), flower (rs = 0.613, p = 0.009) and catkin (rs = 0.642, p = 0.005) production per volume unit of crown. Therefore, we suggest that temperature variability even at such small scales is very important for studying the response related to pollen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Ranpal
- Physical Geography/Landscape Ecology and Sustainable Ecosystem Development, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072, Eichstätt, Germany.
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Crop and Animal Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Daria Luschkova
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Maria Landgraf
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Crop and Animal Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Büttner
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Crop and Animal Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Terrestrial Ecology and Climate Change, Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Susanne Jochner-Oette
- Physical Geography/Landscape Ecology and Sustainable Ecosystem Development, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072, Eichstätt, Germany
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14
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Su Y, Wang X, Gong C, Chen L, Cui B, Huang B, Wang X. Advances in spring leaf phenology are mainly triggered by elevated temperature along the rural-urban gradient in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:777-791. [PMID: 36943496 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization-induced phenological changes have received considerable attention owing to their implications for determining urban ecosystem productivity and predicting the response of plants and ecosystem carbon cycles to future climate change. However, inconsistent rural-urban gradients in plant phenology remain, and phenological drivers other than temperature are poorly understood. In this study, we simultaneously observed the micro-climate and spring leaf phenology of seven woody plant species at 13 parks along a rural-urban gradient in Beijing, China. The minimum (Tmin) and mean (Tmean) air temperature and the minimum (VPDmin) and mean (VPDmean) vapor pressure deficit increased significantly along the rural-urban gradient, but the maximum air temperature (Tmax) and maximum vapor pressure deficit (VPDmax) did not. All observed leaf phenological phases for the seven species were significantly advanced along the rural-urban gradient by 0.20 to 1.02 days/km. Advances in the occurrence of leaf phenological events were significantly correlated with increases in Tmean (accounting for 57-59% variation), Tmin (21-26%), VPDmin (12-16%), and VPDmean (3-5%), but not with changes in Tmax or VPDmax. Advances in spring leaf phenology along the rural-urban gradient differed between non-native species and native species and between shrubs and trees. The reason may be mainly that the sensitivities of spring leaf phenology to micro-climate differ with species origin and growth form. This study highlights that urbanization-induced increases in Tmean and Tmin are the major contributors to advances in spring leaf phenology along the rural-urban gradient, exerting less influence on native species than on non-native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Chen
- Torch High Technology Industry Development Center, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Bowen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Ssali F, Sheil D. Seasonality in the equatorial tropics: Flower, fruit, and leaf phenology of montane trees in the highlands of Southwest Uganda. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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16
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Sporbert M, Jakubka D, Bucher SF, Hensen I, Freiberg M, Heubach K, König A, Nordt B, Plos C, Blinova I, Bonn A, Knickmann B, Koubek T, Linstädter A, Mašková T, Primack RB, Rosche C, Shah MA, Stevens AD, Tielbörger K, Träger S, Wirth C, Römermann C. Functional traits influence patterns in vegetative and reproductive plant phenology - a multi-botanical garden study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2199-2210. [PMID: 35762815 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenology has emerged as key indicator of the biological impacts of climate change, yet the role of functional traits constraining variation in herbaceous species' phenology has received little attention. Botanical gardens are ideal places in which to investigate large numbers of species growing under common climate conditions. We ask whether interspecific variation in plant phenology is influenced by differences in functional traits. We recorded onset, end, duration and intensity of initial growth, leafing out, leaf senescence, flowering and fruiting for 212 species across five botanical gardens in Germany. We measured functional traits, including plant height, absolute and specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf carbon and nitrogen content and seed mass and accounted for species' relatedness. Closely related species showed greater similarities in timing of phenological events than expected by chance, but species' traits had a high degree of explanatory power, pointing to paramount importance of species' life-history strategies. Taller plants showed later timing of initial growth, and flowered, fruited and underwent leaf senescence later. Large-leaved species had shorter flowering and fruiting durations. Taller, large-leaved species differ in their phenology and are more competitive than smaller, small-leaved species. We assume climate warming will change plant communities' competitive hierarchies with consequences for biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sporbert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | - Desiree Jakubka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Solveig Franziska Bucher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Isabell Hensen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | - Martin Freiberg
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Katja Heubach
- Palmengarten and Botanical Garden Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60323, Germany
| | - Andreas König
- Palmengarten and Botanical Garden Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60323, Germany
| | - Birgit Nordt
- Botanic Garden Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Carolin Plos
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | | | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Barbara Knickmann
- Core Facility Botanical Garden, University Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Tomáš Koubek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 12801, Czech Republic
| | - Anja Linstädter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Biodiversity Research/ Systematic Botany with Botanical Garden, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| | - Tereza Mašková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 12801, Czech Republic
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Rosche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | | | - Katja Tielbörger
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Sabrina Träger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
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17
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Rodríguez-Fernández A, Oteros J, Vega-Maray AM, Valencia-Barrera RM, Galán C, Fernández-González D. How to select the optimal monitoring locations for an aerobiological network: A case of study in central northwest of Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154370. [PMID: 35276149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Airborne pollen concentration varies depending on several factors, such as local plant biodiversity, geography and climatology. These particles are involved in triggering pollinosis in a share of worldwide human population, and adequate monitoring is, therefore, important. However, the pollen traps in aerobiological monitoring networks are usually installed in cities, and the features of the whole territory are not taken into account. The aim of this study was to analyze what environmental parameters are more suitable as regards setting up monitoring stations throughout a territory in order to obtain an aerobiological network that can represent environmental diversity. The analysis was carried out in 13 locations in Castilla y León over an 8 year period. This is a favorable territory in which to conduct this type of study owing to its climatic features, orography and biodiversity. The ten most abundant pollen types in the region were analyzed, and a clustering analysis was calculated with different distances so as to obtain homogeneous groups of stations. Moreover, the clusters obtained were analyzed in combination with altitudinal and different bioclimatic parameters, which derived from temperature and precipitation. The result here shows that the Castilla y León aerobiological network RACYL represents most of the environmental variability of the territory. Furthermore, it can be divided into two clusters and five sub-clusters for which the start of the main pollen season is different. This corresponds with the division of the territory as regards bioclimatic conditions. The most important bioclimatic parameters were the seasonality of the precipitation and the maximum temperature of the warmest month, although orography must also be taken into account. All of these help discover the optimal places in which to install traps and could reduce the number of monitoring stations. This study additionally provides data for unmonitored areas with similar bioclimatic conditions to those monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Oteros
- Department of Botany, Ecology, Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Galán
- Department of Botany, Ecology, Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - Delia Fernández-González
- Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, Spain; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-CNR, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Dunker S, Boyd M, Durka W, Erler S, Harpole WS, Henning S, Herzschuh U, Hornick T, Knight T, Lips S, Mäder P, Švara EM, Mozarowski S, Rakosy D, Römermann C, Schmitt‐Jansen M, Stoof‐Leichsenring K, Stratmann F, Treudler R, Virtanen R, Wendt‐Potthoff K, Wilhelm C. The potential of multispectral imaging flow cytometry for environmental monitoring. Cytometry A 2022; 101:782-799. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Dunker
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Matthew Boyd
- Department of Anthropology Lakehead University Thunder Bay Canada
| | - Walter Durka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Halle Germany
| | - Silvio Erler
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)‐Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Braunschweig Germany
| | - W. Stanley Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Silvia Henning
- Department of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) Leipzig Germany
| | - Ulrike Herzschuh
- Alfred‐Wegner‐Institute Helmholtz Centre of Polar and Marine Research Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Thomas Hornick
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Tiffany Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Halle Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Stefan Lips
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Patrick Mäder
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Computer Science and Automation Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Elena Motivans Švara
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Halle Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | | | - Demetra Rakosy
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Halle Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Mechthild Schmitt‐Jansen
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Kathleen Stoof‐Leichsenring
- Alfred‐Wegner‐Institute Helmholtz Centre of Polar and Marine Research Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems Potsdam Germany
| | - Frank Stratmann
- Department of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) Leipzig Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University of Leipzig Medical Center Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Katrin Wendt‐Potthoff
- Department of Lake Research Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Magdeburg Germany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
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19
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Arroyo MTK, Tamburrino Í, Pliscoff P, Robles V, Colldecarrera M, Guerrero PC. Flowering Phenology Adjustment and Flower Longevity in a South American Alpine Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10030461. [PMID: 33671053 PMCID: PMC7997458 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Delayed flowering due to later snowmelt and colder temperatures at higher elevations in the alpine are expected to lead to flowering phenological adjustment to prevent decoupling of peak flowering from the warmest time of the year, thereby favoring pollination. However, even if flowering is brought forward in the season at higher elevations, an elevational temperature gap is likely to remain between the high- and low-elevation populations of a species at the time these reach peak flowering on account of the atmospheric reduction in temperature with increasing elevation. The negative effect of this temperature gap on pollination could be compensated by plastically-prolonged flower life spans at higher elevations, increasing the probability of pollination. In a tightly temperature-controlled study, the flowering phenology adjustment and flower longevity compensation hypotheses were investigated in an alpine species in the Andes of central Chile. The snow free period varied from 7 to 8.2 months over 810 m elevation. Temperatures were suitable for growth on 82-98% of the snow free days. Flowering onset was temporally displaced at the rate of 4.6 d per 100 m increase in elevation and flowering was more synchronous at higher elevations. Flowering phenology was adjusted over elevation. The latter was manifest in thermal sums tending to decrease with elevation for population flowering onset, 50% flowering, and peak flowering when the lower thermal limit for growth (TBASE) was held constant over elevation. For TBASE graded over elevation so as to reflect the growing season temperature decline, thermal sums did not vary with elevation, opening the door to a possible elevational decline in the thermal temperature threshold for growth. Potential flower longevity was reduced by passive warming and was more prolonged in natural populations when temperatures were lower, indicating a plastic trait. Pollination rates, as evaluated with the Relative Pollination Rate index (RPR), when weighted for differences in floral abundance over the flowering season, declined with elevation as did fruit set. Contrary to expectation, the life-spans of flowers at higher elevations were not more prolonged and failed to compensate for the elevational decrease in pollination rates. Although strong evidence for phenological adjustment was forthcoming, flower longevity compensation did not occur over Oxalis squamata´s elevational range. Thus, flower longevity compensation is not applicable in all alpine species. Comparison with work conducted several decades ago on the same species in the same area provides valuable clues regarding the effects of climate change on flowering phenology and fitness in the central Chilean alpine where temperatures have been increasing and winter snow accumulation has been declining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T. K. Arroyo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (Í.T.); (V.R.)
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Ítalo Tamburrino
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (Í.T.); (V.R.)
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Patricio Pliscoff
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Ponticia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Instituto de Geografía, Facultad de Historia, Geografía y Ciencia Política, Ponticia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Valeria Robles
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (Í.T.); (V.R.)
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Maria Colldecarrera
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Pablo C. Guerrero
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales & Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160C, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
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20
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Nordt B, Hensen I, Bucher SF, Freiberg M, Primack RB, Stevens A, Bonn A, Wirth C, Jakubka D, Plos C, Sporbert M, Römermann C. The PhenObs initiative: A standardised protocol for monitoring phenological responses to climate change using herbaceous plant species in botanical gardens. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Nordt
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum BerlinFreie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Isabell Hensen
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Solveig Franziska Bucher
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Martin Freiberg
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | | | | | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Leipzig Germany
- Institue of Biodiversity Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
| | - Desiree Jakubka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Carolin Plos
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Maria Sporbert
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
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21
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Schnablová R, Huang L, Klimešová J, Šmarda P, Herben T. Inflorescence preformation prior to winter: a surprisingly widespread strategy that drives phenology of temperate perennial herbs. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:620-630. [PMID: 32805759 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organ preformation in overwintering buds of perennial plants has been known for almost two centuries. It is hypothesized to underlie fast growth and early flowering, but its frequency, phylogenetic distribution, and ecological relevance have never been systematically examined. We microscopically observed inflorescence preformation in overwintering buds (IPB) in the autumn. We studied a phylogenetically and ecologically representative set of 330 species of temperate perennial angiosperms and linked these observations with quantitative data on species' flowering phenology, genome size, and ecology. IPB was observed in 34% of species examined (in 14% species the stamens and/or pistils were already developed). IPB is fairly phylogenetically conserved and frequent in many genera (Alchemilla, Carex, Euphorbia, Geranium, Primula, Pulmonaria) or families (Ranunculaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Violaceae, Boraginaceae). It was found in species of any genome size, although it was almost universal in those with large genomes. Compared with non-IPB species, IPB species flowered 38 d earlier on average and were more common in shaded and undisturbed habitats. IPB is a surprisingly widespread adaptation for early growth in predictable (undisturbed) conditions. It contributes to temporal niche differentiation and has important consequences for understanding plant phenology, genome size evolution, and phylogenetic structure of plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Schnablová
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, 379 01, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmarda
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 252 43, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
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22
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Ulrich J, Bucher SF, Eisenhauer N, Schmidt A, Türke M, Gebler A, Barry K, Lange M, Römermann C. Invertebrate Decline Leads to Shifts in Plant Species Abundance and Phenology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:542125. [PMID: 33042175 PMCID: PMC7527414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.542125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Climate and land-use change lead to decreasing invertebrate biomass and alter invertebrate communities. These biotic changes may affect plant species abundance and phenology. Using 24 controlled experimental units in the iDiv Ecotron, we assessed the effects of invertebrate decline on an artificial grassland community formed by 12 herbaceous plant species. More specifically, we used Malaise traps and sweep nets to collect invertebrates from a local tall oatgrass meadow and included them in our Ecotron units at two different invertebrate densities: 100% (no invertebrate decline) and 25% (invertebrate decline of 75%). Another eight EcoUnits received no fauna and served as a control. Plant species abundance and flowering phenology was observed weekly over a period of 18 weeks. Our results showed that invertebrate densities affected the abundance and phenology of plant species. We observed a distinct species abundance shift with respect to the invertebrate treatment. Notably, this shift included a reduction in the abundance of the dominant plant species, Trifolium pratense, when invertebrates were present. Additionally, we found that the species shifted their flowering phenology as a response to the different invertebrate treatments, e.g. with decreasing invertebrate biomass Lotus corniculatus showed a later peak flowering time. We demonstrated that in addition to already well-studied abiotic drivers, biotic components may also drive phenological changes in plant communities. This study clearly suggests that invertebrate decline may contribute to already observed mismatches between plants and animals, with potential negative consequences for ecosystem services like food provision and pollination success. This deterioration of ecosystem function could enhance the loss of insects and plant biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Ulrich
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Schmidt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Türke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alban Gebler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathryn Barry
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Lange
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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23
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López López JI, Parra Tabla VP, Mondragón D. VARIATION IN THE FLOWERING PHENOLOGY OF AN EPIPHYTIC BROMELIAD ALONG AN ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v26n1.82875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevational patterns in flowering phenology have been reported for trees, shrubs and herbs. However, for vascular epiphytes that rely on atmospheric sources for humidity and nutrients, and depend on phorophyte microhabitat, elevational patterns of variation are unknown. In this study, we described the flowering phenology of Tillandsia carlos-hankii, an epiphytic bromeliad, along an elevational gradient in Capulálpam de Méndez, Oaxaca. We analyzed the onset, seasonality and duration of flowering along and within different elevation zones, and we evaluated the effect of phorophyte features (tree height, DBH and canopy diameter) on flowering start date and duration. From June 2016 to May 2017, we periodically recorded phenological data from six populations along three elevation zones (“low” 2151 to 2283 m. a. s. l., “medium”: 2284 to 2416 m. a. s. l. and “high” 2417 to 2548 m. a. s. l.), monitoring two population per zone. Start of flowering occurred between December and January, beginning six to 16 days earlier at low elevations than in the other zones, although this difference was not statistically significant. We observed marked flowering seasonality at all the elevation zones, with differences between zones (W≥18.49, p<0.0001) and between the populations at medium and high elevations (W≥8.57, p≤0.05). Flowering duration spanned fromDecember to May. Phorophyte features were not related to the onset or duration of flowering (t≤-1.47, p≥0.14, in all cases). Our results suggest that vascular epiphytes follow the same elevational patterns in phenology as other life forms, and that populations in the same elevation range can vary. The causes of such intra-elevational variation merit further investigation.
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24
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Van Buskirk J, Jansen van Rensburg A. Relative importance of isolation‐by‐environment and other determinants of gene flow in an alpine amphibian. Evolution 2020; 74:962-978. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Van Buskirk
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Jansen van Rensburg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich 8057 Switzerland
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TQ United Kingdom
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25
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Block S, Alexander JM, Levine JM. Phenological plasticity is a poor predictor of subalpine plant population performance following experimental climate change. OIKOS 2020; 129:184-193. [PMID: 32001946 DOI: 10.1111/oik.06667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenological shifts, changes in the seasonal timing of life cycle events, are among the best documented responses of species to climate change. However, the consequences of these phenological shifts for population dynamics remain unclear. Population growth could be enhanced if species that advance their phenology benefit from longer growing seasons and gain a pre-emptive advantage in resource competition. However, it might also be reduced if phenological advances increase exposure to stresses, such as herbivores and, in colder climates, harsh abiotic conditions early in the growing season. We exposed subalpine grasslands to ~ 3 K of warming by transplanting intact turfs from 2000 m to 1400 m elevation in the eastern Swiss Alps, with turfs transplanted within the 2000 m site acting as a control. In the first growing season after transplantation, we recorded species' flowering phenology at both elevations. We also measured species' cover change for three consecutive years as a measure of plant performance. We used models to estimate species' phenological plasticity (the response of flowering time to the change in climate) and analysed its relationship with cover changes following climate change. The phenological plasticity of the 18 species in our study varied widely but was unrelated to their changes in cover. Moreover, early- and late-flowering species did not differ in their cover response to warming, nor in the relationship between cover changes and phenological plasticity. These results were replicated in a similar transplant experiment within the same subalpine community, established one year earlier and using larger turfs. We discuss the various ecological processes that can be affected by phenological shifts, and argue why the population-level consequences of these shifts are likely to be species- and context-specific. Our results highlight the importance of testing assumptions about how warming-induced changes in phenotypic traits, like phenology, impact population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Block
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jake M Alexander
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1003, USA
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26
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Identification of suites of traits that explains drought resistance and phenological patterns of plants in a semi-arid grassland community. Oecologia 2020; 192:55-66. [PMID: 31932921 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems are comprised of plants that occupy a wide array of phenological niches and vary considerably in their ability to resist the stress of seasonal soil-water deficits. Yet, the link between plant drought resistance and phenology remains unclear in perennial grassland ecosystems. To evaluate the role of soil water availability and plant drought tolerance in driving phenology, we measured leaf hydraulic conductance (Ksat), resistance to hydraulic failure (P50), leaf gas exchange, plant and soil water stable isotope ratios (δ18O), and several phenology metrics on ten perennial herbaceous species in mixed-grass prairie. The interaction between P50 and δ18O of xylem water explained 67% of differences in phenology, with lower P50 values associated with later season activity, but only among shallow-rooted species. In addition, stomatal control and high water-use efficiency also contributed to the late flowering and late senescence strategies of plants that had low P50 values and relied upon shallow soil water. Alternatively, plants with deeper roots did not possess drought-tolerant leaves, but had high hydraulic efficiency, contributing to their ability to efficiently move water longer distances while maintaining leaf water potential at relatively high values. The suites of traits that characterize these contrasting strategies provide a mechanistic link between phenology and plant-water relations; thus, these traits could help predict grassland community responses to changes in water availability, both temporally and vertically within the soil profile.
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27
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Bucher SF, König P, Menzel A, Migliavacca M, Ewald J, Römermann C. Traits and climate are associated with first flowering day in herbaceous species along elevational gradients. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1147-1158. [PMID: 29375786 PMCID: PMC5773311 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenological responses to changing temperatures are known as “fingerprints of climate change,” yet these reactions are highly species specific. To assess whether different plant characteristics are related to these species‐specific responses in flowering phenology, we observed the first flowering day (FFD) of ten herbaceous species along two elevational gradients, representing temperature gradients. On the same populations, we measured traits being associated with (1) plant performance (specific leaf area), (2) leaf biochemistry (leaf C, N, P, K, and Mg content), and (3) water‐use efficiency (stomatal pore area index and stable carbon isotopes concentration). We found that as elevation increased, FFD was delayed for all species with a highly species‐specific rate. Populations at higher elevations needed less temperature accumulation to start flowering than populations of the same species at lower elevations. Surprisingly, traits explained a higher proportion of variance in the phenological data than elevation. Earlier flowering was associated with higher water‐use efficiency, higher leaf C, and lower leaf P content. In addition to that, the intensity of shifts in FFD was related to leaf N and K. These results propose that traits have a high potential in explaining phenological variations, which even surpassed the effect of temperature changes in our study. Therefore, they have a high potential to be included in future analyses studying the effects of climate change and will help to improve predictions of vegetation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Franziska Bucher
- Department of Plant Biodiversity Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Patrizia König
- Department of Plant Biodiversity Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management Technische Universität München Freising Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study Technische Universität München Garching Germany
| | - Mirco Migliavacca
- Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions and Experimentation Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
| | - Jörg Ewald
- Department of Forest Science and Forestry Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences Freising Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- Department of Plant Biodiversity Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
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