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Wang X, Ma Z, Xing Y, Peng T, Dun X, He Z, Zhang J, Cheng X. Rapid species discrimination of similar insects using hyperspectral imaging and lightweight edge artificial intelligence. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240485. [PMID: 39086830 PMCID: PMC11288683 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Species discrimination of insects is an important aspect of ecology and biodiversity research. The traditional methods based on human visual experience and biochemical analysis cannot strike a balance between accuracy and timeliness. Morphological identification using computer vision and machine learning is expected to solve this problem, but image features have poor accuracy for very similar species and usually require complicated networks that are unfriendly to portable edge devices. In this work, we propose a fast and accurate species discrimination method of similar insects using hyperspectral features and lightweight machine learning algorithm. Feature regions selection, feature spectra selection and model quantification are used for the optimization of discriminating network. The experimental results of six similar butterfly species in the genus of Graphium show that, compared with morphological recognition with machine vision, our work achieves a higher accuracy of 92.36 ± 3.04% and a shorter inference time of 0.6 ms, with the tiny-size convolutional neural network deployed on a neural network chip. This study provides a rapid and high-accuracy species discrimination method for insects with high appearance similarity and paves the way for field discriminations using intelligent micro-spectrometer based on on-chip microstructure and artificial intelligence chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuquan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianfan Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong Dun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuqing He
- East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinbin Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Li M, Runemark A, Hernandez J, Rota J, Bygebjerg R, Brydegaard M. Discrimination of Hover Fly Species and Sexes by Wing Interference Signals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304657. [PMID: 37847885 PMCID: PMC10700183 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Remote automated surveillance of insect abundance and diversity is poised to revolutionize insect decline studies. The study reveals spectral analysis of thin-film wing interference signals (WISs) can discriminate free-flying insects beyond what can be accomplished by machine vision. Detectable by photonic sensors, WISs are robust indicators enabling species and sex identification. The first quantitative survey of insect wing thickness and modulation through shortwave-infrared hyperspectral imaging of 600 wings from 30 hover fly species is presented. Fringy spectral reflectance of WIS can be explained by four optical parameters, including membrane thickness. Using a Naïve Bayes Classifier with five parameters that can be retrieved remotely, 91% is achieved accuracy in identification of species and sexes. WIS-based surveillance is therefore a potent tool for remote insect identification and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of PhysicsLund UniversitySölvegatan 14cLund22363Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Department of BiologyLund UniversitySölvegatan 35Lund22362Sweden
| | | | - Jadranka Rota
- Biological Museum, Department of BiologyLund UniversitySölvegatan 37Lund22362Sweden
| | - Rune Bygebjerg
- Biological Museum, Department of BiologyLund UniversitySölvegatan 37Lund22362Sweden
| | - Mikkel Brydegaard
- Department of PhysicsLund UniversitySölvegatan 14cLund22363Sweden
- Department of BiologyLund UniversitySölvegatan 35Lund22362Sweden
- Norsk Elektro OptikkØstensjøveien 34Oslo0667Norway
- FaunaPhotonicsStøberigade 14Copenhagen2450Denmark
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3
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Winkler G, Kis JT, Arapovicsné Kiss K, Schandl L. [From GLP1 receptor agonists to triple hormone receptor activation supplemented with glucagon receptor agonism.]. Orv Hetil 2023; 164:1656-1664. [PMID: 37865924 DOI: 10.1556/650.2023.32894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Following the introduction of mono- and then dual hormone (incretin) receptor agonists into therapy, attention was turned to multiple receptor stimulation, with the additional activation of the glucagon receptor, as a new option for the pharmaceutical treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In addition to its role in carbohydrate metabolism, the article reviews the other important physiological tasks of glucagon, especially its participation in intrainsular paracrine regulation, energy expenditure and the shaping of appetite and food consumption. It covers the potential benefits of the triple combination and briefly touches data on the efficacy and safety of the first triple receptor agonist drug, retatrutide, in preclinical human studies. Further confirmation of the promising results may represent progress in the treatment of these forms of disease and their accompanying conditions, such as steatosis hepatis. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(42): 1656-1664.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Winkler
- 1 Észak-budai Szent János Centrumkórház, II. Belgyógyászat-Diabetológia Budapest, Diós árok 1-3., 1125 Magyarország
- 2 Miskolci Egyetem, Egészségtudományi Kar, Elméleti Egészségtudományi Intézet Miskolc Magyarország
| | - János Tibor Kis
- 1 Észak-budai Szent János Centrumkórház, II. Belgyógyászat-Diabetológia Budapest, Diós árok 1-3., 1125 Magyarország
| | - Krisztina Arapovicsné Kiss
- 1 Észak-budai Szent János Centrumkórház, II. Belgyógyászat-Diabetológia Budapest, Diós árok 1-3., 1125 Magyarország
| | - László Schandl
- 1 Észak-budai Szent János Centrumkórház, II. Belgyógyászat-Diabetológia Budapest, Diós árok 1-3., 1125 Magyarország
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4
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Müller L, Li M, Månefjord H, Salvador J, Reistad N, Hernandez J, Kirkeby C, Runemark A, Brydegaard M. Remote Nanoscopy with Infrared Elastic Hyperspectral Lidar. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207110. [PMID: 36965063 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring insects of different species to understand the factors affecting their diversity and decline is a major challenge. Laser remote sensing and spectroscopy offer promising novel solutions to this. Coherent scattering from thin wing membranes also known as wing interference patterns (WIPs) have recently been demonstrated to be species specific. The colors of WIPs arise due to unique fringy spectra, which can be retrieved over long distances. To demonstrate this, a new concept of infrared (950-1650 nm) hyperspectral lidar with 64 spectral bands based on a supercontinuum light source using ray-tracing and 3D printing is developed. A lidar with an unprecedented number of spectral channels, high signal-to-noise ratio, and spatio-temporal resolution enabling detection of free-flying insects and their wingbeats. As proof of principle, coherent scatter from a damselfly wing at 87 m distance without averaging (4 ms recording) is retrieved. The fringed signal properties are used to determine an effective wing membrane thickness of 1412 nm with ±4 nm precision matching laboratory recordings of the same wing. Similar signals from free flying insects (2 ms recording) are later recorded. The accuracy and the method's potential are discussed to discriminate species by capturing coherent features from free-flying insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Müller
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, Lund, 22363, Sweden
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, Lund, 22363, Sweden
| | - Hampus Månefjord
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, Lund, 22363, Sweden
| | - Jacobo Salvador
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, Lund, 22363, Sweden
| | - Nina Reistad
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, Lund, 22363, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Julio Hernandez
- Norsk Elektro Optikk A/S, Østensjøveien 34, Oslo, 0667, Norway
| | - Carsten Kirkeby
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
- FaunaPhotonics, Støberigade 14, Copenhagen, 2450, Denmark
| | - Anna Runemark
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Brydegaard
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, Lund, 22363, Sweden
- Norsk Elektro Optikk A/S, Østensjøveien 34, Oslo, 0667, Norway
- FaunaPhotonics, Støberigade 14, Copenhagen, 2450, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, Lund, 22362, Sweden
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5
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Santos V, Costa-Vera C, Rivera-Parra P, Burneo S, Molina J, Encalada D, Salvador J, Brydegaard M. Dual-Band Infrared Scheimpflug Lidar Reveals Insect Activity in a Tropical Cloud Forest. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023:37028231169302. [PMID: 37072925 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231169302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe an entomological dual-band 808 and 980 nm lidar system which has been implemented in a tropical cloud forest (Ecuador). The system was successfully tested at a sample rate of 5 kHz in a cloud forest during challenging foggy conditions (extinction coefficients up to 20 km-1). At times, the backscattered signal could be retrieved from a distance of 2.929 km. We present insect and bat observations up to 200 m during a single night with an emphasis on fog aspects, potentials, and benefits of such dual-band systems. We demonstrate that the modulation contrast between insects and fog is high in the frequency domain compared to intensity in the time domain, thus allowing for better identification and quantification in misty forests. Oscillatory lidar extinction effects are shown in this work for the first time, caused by the combination of dense fog and large moths partially obstructing the beam. We demonstrate here an interesting case of a moth where left- and right-wing movements induced oscillations in both intensity and pixel spread. In addition, we were able to identify the dorsal and ventral sides of the wings by estimating the corresponding melanization with the dual-band lidar. We demonstrate that the wing beat trajectories in the dual-band parameter space are complementary rather than covarying or redundant, thus a dual-band entomological lidar approach to biodiversity studies is feasible in situ and endows species specificity differentiation. Future improvements are discussed. The introduction of these methodologies opens the door to a wealth of possible experiments to monitor, understand, and safeguard the biological resources of one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Santos
- Departmento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito
| | | | | | | | - Juan Molina
- Departmento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito
| | - Diana Encalada
- Departmento de Economía, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Mikkel Brydegaard
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Norsk Elektro Optikk AS, Oslo, Norway
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6
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Li M, Seinsche C, Jansson S, Hernandez J, Rota J, Warrant E, Brydegaard M. Potential for identification of wild night-flying moths by remote infrared microscopy. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220256. [PMID: 35730175 PMCID: PMC9214284 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are hundreds of thousands of moth species with crucial ecological roles that are often obscured by their nocturnal lifestyles. The pigmentation and appearance of moths are dominated by cryptic diffuse shades of brown. In this study, 82 specimens representing 26 moth species were analysed using infrared polarimetric hyperspectral imaging in the range of 0.95–2.5 µm. Contrary to previous studies, we demonstrate that since infrared light does not resolve the surface roughness, wings appear glossy and specular at longer wavelengths. Such properties provide unique reflectance spectra between species. The reflectance of the majority of our species could be explained by comprehensive models, and a complete parametrization of the spectral, polarimetric and angular optical properties was reduced to just 11 parameters with physical units. These parameters are complementary and, compared with the within-species variation, were significantly distinct between species. Counterintuitively to the aperture-limited resolution criterion, we could deduce microscopic features along the surface from their infrared properties. These features were confirmed by electron microscopy. Finally, we show how our findings could greatly enhance opportunities for remote identification of free-flying moth species, and we hypothesize that such flat specular wing targets could be expected to be sensed over considerable distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Clara Seinsche
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Straße 47b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Samuel Jansson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, 22363 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,FaunaPhotonics, Støberigade 14, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julio Hernandez
- Norsk Elektro Optikk A/S, Østensjøveien 34, 0667 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jadranka Rota
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,Biological Museum, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eric Warrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Brydegaard
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, 22363 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,FaunaPhotonics, Støberigade 14, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Norsk Elektro Optikk A/S, Østensjøveien 34, 0667 Oslo, Norway
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7
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Automating insect monitoring using unsupervised near-infrared sensors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2603. [PMID: 35173221 PMCID: PMC8850605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect monitoring is critical to improve our understanding and ability to preserve and restore biodiversity, sustainably produce crops, and reduce vectors of human and livestock disease. Conventional monitoring methods of trapping and identification are time consuming and thus expensive. Automation would significantly improve the state of the art. Here, we present a network of distributed wireless sensors that moves the field towards automation by recording backscattered near-infrared modulation signatures from insects. The instrument is a compact sensor based on dual-wavelength infrared light emitting diodes and is capable of unsupervised, autonomous long-term insect monitoring over weather and seasons. The sensor records the backscattered light at kHz pace from each insect transiting the measurement volume. Insect observations are automatically extracted and transmitted with environmental metadata over cellular connection to a cloud-based database. The recorded features include wing beat harmonics, melanisation and flight direction. To validate the sensor’s capabilities, we tested the correlation between daily insect counts from an oil seed rape field measured with six yellow water traps and six sensors during a 4-week period. A comparison of the methods found a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.61 and a p-value = 0.0065, with the sensors recording approximately 19 times more insect observations and demonstrating a larger temporal dynamic than conventional yellow water trap monitoring.
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8
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Conrow RT, Gelhaus JK. Wing interference patterns are consistent and sexually dimorphic in the four families of crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea). Zookeys 2022; 1080:1356-2163. [PMID: 35068968 PMCID: PMC8755705 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1080.69060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wing interference patterns (WIP) are stable structural colors in insect wings caused by thin-film interference. This study seeks to establish WIP as a stable, sexually dimorphic, species-level character across the four families of Tipuloidea and investigate generic level WIP. Thirteen species of Tipuloidea were selected from museum specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University collection. One wing from a male and female of each representative species was excised and mounted to a slide with coverslip, placed against a black background, and imaged using an integrated microscope camera. Images were minimally retouched but otherwise unchanged. Descriptions of the WIP for each sex of each species are provided. Twelve of thirteen species imaged had WIP, which were stable and species specific while eight of those twelve had sexually dimorphic WIP. Comparisons of three species of Nephrotoma were inconclusive regarding a generic level WIP. Gnophomyia tristissima had higher intraspecific variation than other species examined. This study confirms stable, species specific WIP in all four families of crane flies for the first time. More research must be done regarding generic-level stability of WIP in crane flies as well as the role sexual and natural selection play in the evolution of wing interference patterns in insects.
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9
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Batucan LS, Hsu YH, Maliszewski JW, Wang LJ, Lin CP. Novel wing display and divergent agonistic behaviors of two incipient Psolodesmus damselflies. Naturwissenschaften 2021; 108:49. [PMID: 34601627 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-021-01758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection via male competition is a strong evolutionary force that can drive rapid changes in competitive traits and subsequently lead to population divergence and speciation. Territorial males of many odonates are known to use their colorful wings as visual signals and to perform agonistic displays toward intruders. Psolodesmus mandarinus dorothea and Psolodesmus mandarinus mandarinus are two parapatrically distributed sister damselflies that share similar ecological characteristics but differ markedly in wing coloration. The wings of P. m. dorothea are mostly clear, whereas those of P. m. mandarinus have a large area of black pigmentation and a central white patch. We investigated whether territorial males of the two damselflies at breeding sites display distinct agonistic behaviors associated with their respective wing colors. Behavioral interactions between territorial and intruder males and their wing kinematics were filmed and analyzed for P. m. dorothea in Lienhuachih of central Taiwan, and P. m. mandarinus in Tianxiyuan and Fusan of northern Taiwan. We observed that the P. m. mandarinus males exhibited a novel set of perched wing displays, which was not only absent in its sister P. m. dorothea but also previously unknown in Odonata. At breeding sites, perched rival males of P. m. mandarinus with pigmented wings exhibited escalating agonistic wing-flapping and wing-hitting displays toward each other. In contrast, territorial males of P. m. dorothea with clear wings engaged only in aerial chase or face-to-face hovering when intruder males approached from the air. These results indicate that the two sister P. mandarinus damselflies diverged behaviorally in territorial contests and support the hypothesis of coadaptation on the basis of wing colors and types of wing movement in Odonata. Our findings further suggest that divergent agonistic wing displays may play a pivotal role in the speciation mechanism of P. mandarinus damselflies. The sequential analyses of behavioral characteristics and progression suggest that P. m. mandarinus damselflies likely use mutual assessment of rivals in territorial contests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leocris S Batucan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jak W Maliszewski
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jong Wang
- Division of Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institution, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ping Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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10
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Li M, Jansson S, Runemark A, Peterson J, Kirkeby CT, Jönsson AM, Brydegaard M. Bark beetles as lidar targets and prospects of photonic surveillance. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000420. [PMID: 33249777 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forestry is raising concern about the outbreaks of European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, causing extensive damage to the spruce forest and timber values. Precise monitoring of these beetles is a necessary step towards preventing outbreaks. Current commercial monitoring methods are catch-based and lack in both temporal and spatial resolution. In this work, light scattering from beetles is characterized, and the feasibility of entomological lidar as a tool for long-term monitoring of bark beetles is explored. Laboratory optical properties, wing thickness, and wingbeat frequency of bark beetles are reported, and these parameters can infer target identity in lidar data. Lidar results from a Swedish forest with controlled bark beetle release event are presented. The capability of lidar to simultaneously monitor both insects and a pheromone plume mixed with chemical smoke governing the dispersal of many insects is demonstrated. In conclusion, entomological lidar is a promising tool for monitoring bark beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuel Jansson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna Maria Jönsson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Brydegaard
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Norsk Elektro Optikk AS, Prost Stabels vei 22, Skedsmokorset, Norway
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11
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Butterworth NJ, White TE, Byrne PG, Wallman JF. Love at first flight: wing interference patterns are species-specific and sexually dimorphic in blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). J Evol Biol 2021; 34:558-570. [PMID: 33483961 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Wing interference patterns (WIPs) are stable structural colours displayed on insect wings which are only visible at specific viewing geometries and against certain backgrounds. These patterns are widespread among flies and wasps, and growing evidence suggests that they may function as species- and sex-specific mating cues in a range of taxa. As such, it is expected that WIPs should differ between species and show clear sexual dimorphisms. However, the true extent to which WIPs vary between species, sexes and individuals is currently unclear, as previous studies have only taken a qualitative approach, without considering how WIPs might be perceived by the insect. Here, we perform the first quantitative analysis of inter- and intra-specific variation in WIPs across seven Australian species of the blowfly genus Chrysomya. Using multispectral digital imaging and a tentative model of blowfly colour vision, we provide quantitative evidence that WIPs are species-specific, highlight that the extent of divergence is greater in males than in females and demonstrate sexual dimorphisms in several species. These data suggest that WIPs have diversified substantially in blowflies as a result of either sexual or ecological selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Butterworth
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas E White
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip G Byrne
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - James F Wallman
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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12
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Lancer BH, Evans BJE, Wiederman SD. The visual neuroecology of anisoptera. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 42:14-22. [PMID: 32841784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dragonflies belong to the oldest known lineage of flying animals, found across the globe around streams, ponds and forests. They are insect predators, specialising in ambush attack as aquatic larvae and rapid pursuit as adults. Dragonfly adults hunt amidst swarms in conditions that confuse many predatory species, and exhibit capture rates above 90%. Underlying the performance of such a remarkable predator is a finely tuned visual system capable of tracking targets amidst distractors and background clutter. The dragonfly performs a complex repertoire of flight behaviours, from near-motionless hovering to acute turns at high speeds. Here, we review the optical, neuronal, and behavioural adaptations that underlie the dragonflies' ability to achieve such remarkable predatory success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Horatio Lancer
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Steven D Wiederman
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 South Australia, Australia.
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Brydegaard M, Jansson S, Malmqvist E, Mlacha YP, Gebru A, Okumu F, Killeen GF, Kirkeby C. Lidar reveals activity anomaly of malaria vectors during pan-African eclipse. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay5487. [PMID: 32426490 PMCID: PMC7220366 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Yearly, a quarter billion people are infected and a half a million killed by the mosquito-borne disease malaria. Lack of real-time observational tools for continuously assessing the unperturbed mosquito flight activity in situ limits progress toward improved vector control. We deployed a high-resolution entomological lidar to monitor a half-kilometer static transect adjacent to a Tanzanian village. We evaluated one-third million insect observations during five nights, four days, and one annular solar eclipse. We demonstrate in situ lidar classification of several insect families and their sexes based on their modulation signatures. We were able to compare the fine-scale spatiotemporal activity patterns of malaria vectors during ordinary days and an eclipse to disentangle phototactic activity patterns from the circadian mechanism. We observed an increased insect activity during the eclipse attributable to mosquitoes. These unprecedented findings demonstrate how lidar-based monitoring of distinct mosquito activities could advance our understanding of vector ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Brydegaard
- Norsk Elektro Optikk AS, Prost Stabels vei 22, N-2019 Skedsmokorset, Norway
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
- Center for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
- FaunaPhotonics APS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Corresponding author. (M.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Samuel Jansson
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
- Center for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin Malmqvist
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
- Center for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yeromin P. Mlacha
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Off Mlabani Street, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alem Gebru
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
- Center for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
- FaunaPhotonics APS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Fredros Okumu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Off Mlabani Street, Ifakara, Tanzania
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, 9 York Rd, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Gerry F. Killeen
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Off Mlabani Street, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L35QA, UK
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Carsten Kirkeby
- FaunaPhotonics APS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Corresponding author. (M.B.); (C.K.)
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