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Conceição TA, Santos AS, Fernandes AKC, Meireles GN, de Oliveira FA, Barbosa RM, Gaiotto FA. Guiding seed movement: environmental heterogeneity drives genetic differentiation in Plathymenia reticulata, providing insights for restoration. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae032. [PMID: 38883565 PMCID: PMC11176975 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Forest and landscape restoration is one of the main strategies for overcoming the environmental crisis. This activity is particularly relevant for biodiversity-rich areas threatened by deforestation, such as tropical forests. Efficient long-term restoration requires understanding the composition and genetic structure of native populations, as well as the factors that influence these genetic components. This is because these populations serve as the seed sources and, therefore, the gene reservoirs for areas under restoration. In the present study, we investigated the influence of environmental, climatic and spatial distance factors on the genetic patterns of Plathymenia reticulata, aiming to support seed translocation strategies for restoration areas. We collected plant samples from nine populations of P. reticulata in the state of Bahia, Brazil, located in areas of Atlantic Forest and Savanna, across four climatic types, and genotyped them using nine nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite markers. The populations of P. reticulata evaluated generally showed low to moderate genotypic variability and low haplotypic diversity. The populations within the Savanna phytophysiognomy showed values above average for six of the eight evaluated genetic diversity parameters. Using this classification based on phytophysiognomy demonstrated a high predictive power for genetic differentiation in P. reticulata. Furthermore, the interplay of climate, soil and geographic distance influenced the spread of alleles across the landscape. Based on our findings, we propose seed translocation, taking into account the biome, with restricted use of seed sources acquired or collected from the same environment as the areas to be restored (Savanna or Atlantic Forest).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taise Almeida Conceição
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alesandro Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Ane Karoline Campos Fernandes
- Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nascimento Meireles
- Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ancelmo de Oliveira
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Rafael Marani Barbosa
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Amato Gaiotto
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
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Meger J, Kozioł C, Pałucka M, Burczyk J, Chybicki IJ. Genetic resources of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in Poland. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:186. [PMID: 38481155 PMCID: PMC10935948 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of genetic structure and the factors that shape it has an impact on forest management practices. European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) has declined dramatically throughout its range as a result of a disease caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Despite the need for conservation and restoration of the species, genetic data required to guide these efforts at the country level are scarce. Thereofore, we studied the chloroplast and nuclear genetic diversity of 26 natural common ash populations (1269 trees) in Poland. RESULTS Chloroplast polymorphisms grouped the populations into two geographically structured phylogenetic lineages ascribed to different glacial refugia (the Balkans and the Eastern Alps). However, the populations demonstrated high genetic diversity (mean AR = 12.35; mean Ho = 0.769; mean He = 0.542) but low differentiation based on nuclear microsatellites (FST = 0.045). Significant spatial genetic structure, consistent with models of isolation by distance, was detected in 14 out of 23 populations. Estimated effective population size was moderate-to-high, with a harmonic mean of 57.5 individuals per population. CONCLUSIONS Genetic diversity was not homogeneously distributed among populations within phylogenetic gene pools, indicating that ash populations are not equal as potential sources of reproductive material. Genetic differences among populations could be related to their histories, including founder effects or gene flow between evolutionary lineages (admixture). Our results suggest that ash stands across Poland could be treated as two main management units (seed zones). Therefore, despite the homogenizing effect of pollen gene flow known for this species, the genetic structure should be taken into account in the management of the genetic resources of the common ash. Although ash dieback poses an additional challenge for the management of genetic resources, efforts should be directed towards protecting populations with high genetic diversity within defined phylogenetic units, as they may be an important source of adaptive variation for future stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Meger
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, Bydgoszcz, 85-064, Poland.
| | - Czesław Kozioł
- Szklarska Poręba Forest District, Krasińskiego 6, Szklarska Poręba, 58-580, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław Burczyk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, Bydgoszcz, 85-064, Poland
| | - Igor J Chybicki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, Bydgoszcz, 85-064, Poland.
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Finch J, Seglias AE, Kramer AT, Havens K. Recruitment varies among milkweed seed sources for habitat specialist but not generalist. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessamine Finch
- Program in Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 6‐140B, 2205 Tech Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe IL 60022 USA
- Native Plant Trust, Conservation Department 180 Hemenway Rd Framingham MA 01701 USA
| | - Alexandra E. Seglias
- Program in Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 6‐140B, 2205 Tech Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe IL 60022 USA
- Denver Botanic Gardens, 1007 York St Denver CO 80206 USA
| | - Andrea T. Kramer
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe IL 60022 USA
| | - Kayri Havens
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe IL 60022 USA
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4
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Kaulfuß F, Reisch C. Restoration of species-rich grasslands by transfer of local plant material and its impact on species diversity and genetic variation-Findings of a practical restoration project in southeastern Germany. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12816-12833. [PMID: 34594541 PMCID: PMC8462159 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of species-rich grasslands is a key issue of conservation. The transfer of seed-containing local plant material is a proven technique to restore species-rich grassland, since it potentially allows to establish genetically variable and locally adapted populations. In our study, we tested how the transfer of local plant material affected the species diversity and composition of restored grasslands and the genetic variation of the typical grassland plant species Knautia arvensis and Plantago lanceolata. For our study, we selected fifteen study sites in southeastern Germany. We analyzed species diversity and composition and used molecular markers to investigate genetic variation within and among populations of the study species from grasslands that served as source sites for restoration and grasslands, which were restored by transfer of green hay and threshed local plant material. The results revealed no significant differences in species diversity and composition between grasslands at source and restoration sites. Levels of genetic variation within populations of the study species Knautia arvensis and Plantago lanceolata were comparable at source and restoration sites and genetic variation among populations at source and their corresponding restoration sites were only marginal different. Our study suggests that the transfer of local plant material is a restoration approach highly suited to preserve the composition of species-rich grasslands and the natural genetic pattern of typical grassland plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kaulfuß
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Christoph Reisch
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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Rupprecht D, Hölzel N, Bucharova A. Is there local adaptation in plant species to soil reaction? A lesson from a multispecies experiment. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Rupprecht
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
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Hoffmann AA, Miller AD, Weeks AR. Genetic mixing for population management: From genetic rescue to provenancing. Evol Appl 2021; 14:634-652. [PMID: 33767740 PMCID: PMC7980264 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and plant species around the world are being challenged by the deleterious effects of inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity, and maladaptation due to widespread habitat destruction and rapid climate change. In many cases, interventions will likely be needed to safeguard populations and species and to maintain functioning ecosystems. Strategies aimed at initiating, reinstating, or enhancing patterns of gene flow via the deliberate movement of genotypes around the environment are generating growing interest with broad applications in conservation and environmental management. These diverse strategies go by various names ranging from genetic or evolutionary rescue to provenancing and genetic resurrection. Our aim here is to provide some clarification around terminology and to how these strategies are connected and linked to underlying genetic processes. We draw on case studies from the literature and outline mechanisms that underlie how the various strategies aim to increase species fitness and impact the wider community. We argue that understanding mechanisms leading to species decline and community impact is a key to successful implementation of these strategies. We emphasize the need to consider the nature of source and recipient populations, as well as associated risks and trade-offs for the various strategies. This overview highlights where strategies are likely to have potential at population, species, and ecosystem scales, but also where they should probably not be attempted depending on the overall aims of the intervention. We advocate an approach where short- and long-term strategies are integrated into a decision framework that also considers nongenetic aspects of management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciencesBio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Adam D. Miller
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityWarrnamboolVic.Australia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Andrew R. Weeks
- School of BioSciencesBio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
- cesar Pty LtdParkvilleVic.Australia
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Hopper SD, Lambers H, Silveira FAO, Fiedler PL. OCBIL theory examined: reassessing evolution, ecology and conservation in the world’s ancient, climatically buffered and infertile landscapes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OCBIL theory was introduced as a contribution towards understanding the evolution, ecology and conservation of the biological and cultural diversity of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs), especially in the Southern Hemisphere. The theory addresses some of the most intransigent environmental and cultural trends of our time – the ongoing decline of biodiversity and cultural diversity of First Nations. Here we reflect on OCBILs, the origins of the theory, and its principal hypotheses in biological, anthropological and conservation applications. The discovery that threatened plant species are concentrated in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) on infertile, phosphorous-impoverished uplands within 500 km of the coast formed the foundational framework for OCBIL theory and led to the development of testable hypotheses that a growing literature is addressing. Currently, OCBILs are recognized in 15 Global Biodiversity Hotspots and eight other regions. The SWAFR, Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and South America’s campos rupestres (montane grasslands) are those regions that have most comprehensively been investigated in the context of OCBIL theory. We summarize 12 evolutionary, ecological and cultural hypotheses and ten conservation-management hypotheses being investigated as recent contributions to the OCBIL literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
| | - Fernando A O Silveira
- Departmento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Peggy L Fiedler
- Natural Reserve System, University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, CA, USA
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8
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Carvalho CS, Forester BR, Mitre SK, Alves R, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Ramos SJ, Resende-Moreira LC, Siqueira JO, Trevelin LC, Caldeira CF, Gastauer M, Jaffé R. Combining genotype, phenotype, and environmental data to delineate site-adjusted provenance strategies for ecological restoration. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:44-58. [PMID: 32419278 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of climate-adjusted provenancing to mitigate the effects of environmental change, climatic considerations alone are insufficient when restoring highly degraded sites. Here we propose a comprehensive landscape genomic approach to assist the restoration of moderately disturbed and highly degraded sites. To illustrate it we employ genomic data sets comprising thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms from two plant species suitable for the restoration of iron-rich Amazonian Savannas. We first use a subset of neutral loci to assess genetic structure and determine the genetic neighbourhood size. We then identify genotype-phenotype-environment associations, map adaptive genetic variation, and predict adaptive genotypes for restoration sites. Whereas local provenances were found optimal to restore a moderately disturbed site, a mixture of genotypes seemed the most promising strategy to recover a highly degraded mining site. We discuss how our results can help define site-adjusted provenancing strategies, and argue that our methods can be more broadly applied to assist other restoration initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Carvalho
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José O Siqueira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodolfo Jaffé
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Kaulfuß F, Reisch C. Restoration of grasslands using commercially produced seed mixtures: genetic variation within and among natural and restored populations of three common grassland species. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-01138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Wide outcrossing provides functional connectivity for new and old Banksia populations within a fragmented landscape. Oecologia 2019; 190:255-268. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Giupponi L, Borgonovo G, Giorgi A, Bischetti GB. How to renew soil bioengineering for slope stabilization: some proposals. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-018-0359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Listl D, Poschlod P, Reisch C. Do seed transfer zones for ecological restoration reflect the spatial genetic variation of the common grassland species Lathyrus pratensis
? Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Listl
- Institute of Plant Sciences; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Institute of Plant Sciences; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Christoph Reisch
- Institute of Plant Sciences; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
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13
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Spatial Genetic Structure within and among Seed Stands of Pinus engelmannii Carr. and Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham, in Durango, Mexico. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Miller BP, Sinclair EA, Menz MHM, Elliott CP, Bunn E, Commander LE, Dalziell E, David E, Davis B, Erickson TE, Golos PJ, Krauss SL, Lewandrowski W, Mayence CE, Merino-Martín L, Merritt DJ, Nevill PG, Phillips RD, Ritchie AL, Ruoss S, Stevens JC. A framework for the practical science necessary to restore sustainable, resilient, and biodiverse ecosystems. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Durka W, Michalski SG, Berendzen KW, Bossdorf O, Bucharova A, Hermann JM, Hölzel N, Kollmann J. Genetic differentiation within multiple common grassland plants supports seed transfer zones for ecological restoration. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Stefan G. Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Kenneth W. Berendzen
- ZMBP - Central Facilities; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology; Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology; Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Julia-Maria Hermann
- Restoration Ecology; Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management; Technical University Munich; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group; Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster; Heisenbergstr. 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Restoration Ecology; Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management; Technical University Munich; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising Germany
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Hufford KM, Veneklaas EJ, Lambers H, Krauss SL. Genetic delineation of local provenance defines seed collection zones along a climate gradient. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plv149. [PMID: 26755503 PMCID: PMC4740359 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to re-establish native plant species should consider intraspecific variation if we are to restore genetic diversity and evolutionary potential. Data describing spatial genetic structure and the scale of adaptive differentiation are needed for restoration seed sourcing. Genetically defined provenance zones provide species-specific guidelines for the distance within which seed transfer likely maintains levels of genetic diversity and conserves locally adapted traits. While a growing number of studies incorporate genetic marker data in delineation of local provenance, they often fail to distinguish the impacts of neutral and non-neutral variation. We analysed population genetic structure for 134 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in Stylidium hispidum (Stylidiaceae) along a north-south transect of the species' range with the goal to estimate the distance at which significant genetic differences occur among source and recipient populations in restoration. In addition, we tested AFLP markers for signatures of selection, and examined the relationship of neutral and putatively selected markers with climate variables. Estimates of population genetic structure revealed significant levels of differentiation (ΦPT = 0.23) and suggested a global provenance distance of 45 km for pairwise comparisons of 16 populations. Of the 134 markers, 13 exhibited evidence of diversifying selection (ΦPT = 0.52). Using data for precipitation and thermal gradients, we compared genetic, geographic and environmental distance for subsets of neutral and selected markers. Strong isolation by distance was detected in all cases, but positive correlations with climate variables were present only for markers with signatures of selection. We address findings in light of defining local provenance in ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Hufford
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
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17
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Houde ALS, Garner SR, Neff BD. Restoring species through reintroductions: strategies for source population selection. Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Lee S. Houde
- Department of Biology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Shawn R. Garner
- Department of Biology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Bryan D. Neff
- Department of Biology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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18
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Cornille A, Feurtey A, Gélin U, Ropars J, Misvanderbrugge K, Gladieux P, Giraud T. Anthropogenic and natural drivers of gene flow in a temperate wild fruit tree: a basis for conservation and breeding programs in apples. Evol Appl 2015; 8:373-84. [PMID: 25926882 PMCID: PMC4408148 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene flow is an essential component of population adaptation and species evolution. Understanding of the natural and anthropogenic factors affecting gene flow is also critical for the development of appropriate management, breeding, and conservation programs. Here, we explored the natural and anthropogenic factors impacting crop-to-wild and within wild gene flow in apples in Europe using an unprecedented dense sampling of 1889 wild apple (Malus sylvestris) from European forests and 339 apple cultivars (Malus domestica). We made use of genetic, environmental, and ecological data (microsatellite markers, apple production across landscapes and records of apple flower visitors, respectively). We provide the first evidence that both human activities, through apple production, and human disturbance, through modifications of apple flower visitor diversity, have had a significant impact on crop-to-wild interspecific introgression rates. Our analysis also revealed the impact of previous natural climate change on historical gene flow in the nonintrogressed wild apple M. sylvestris, by identifying five distinct genetic groups in Europe and a north–south gradient of genetic diversity. These findings identify human activities and climate as key drivers of gene flow in a wild temperate fruit tree and provide a practical basis for conservation, agroforestry, and breeding programs for apples in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Cornille
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud Orsay, France ; CNRS Orsay, France ; Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alice Feurtey
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud Orsay, France ; CNRS Orsay, France
| | - Uriel Gélin
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jeanne Ropars
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud Orsay, France ; CNRS Orsay, France
| | | | - Pierre Gladieux
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud Orsay, France ; CNRS Orsay, France
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud Orsay, France ; CNRS Orsay, France
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Wilde HD, Gandhi KJK, Colson G. State of the science and challenges of breeding landscape plants with ecological function. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2015; 2:14069. [PMID: 26504560 PMCID: PMC4596282 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2014.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Exotic plants dominate esthetically-managed landscapes, which cover 30-40 million hectares in the United States alone. Recent ecological studies have found that landscaping with exotic plant species can reduce biodiversity on multiple trophic levels. To support biodiversity in urbanized areas, the increased use of native landscaping plants has been advocated by conservation groups and US federal and state agencies. A major challenge to scaling up the use of native species in landscaping is providing ornamental plants that are both ecologically functional and economically viable. Depending on ecological and economic constraints, accelerated breeding approaches could be applied to ornamental trait development in native plants. This review examines the impact of landscaping choices on biodiversity, the current status of breeding and selection of native ornamental plants, and the interdisciplinary research needed to scale up landscaping plants that can support native biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dayton Wilde
- Horticulture Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kamal J K Gandhi
- Daniel B Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Gregory Colson
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Frick KM, Ritchie AL, Krauss SL. Field of Dreams: Restitution of Pollinator Services in Restored Bird-Pollinated Plant Populations. Restor Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Frick
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
| | - Alison L. Ritchie
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
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Williams AV, Nevill PG, Krauss SL. Next generation restoration genetics: applications and opportunities. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:529-537. [PMID: 24767982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Restoration ecology is a young scientific discipline underpinning improvements in the rapid global expansion of ecological restoration. The application of molecular tools over the past 20 years has made an important contribution to understanding genetic factors influencing ecological restoration success. Here we illustrate how recent advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) methods are revolutionising the practical contribution of genetics to restoration. Novel applications include a dramatically enhanced capacity to measure adaptive variation for optimal seed sourcing, high-throughput assessment and monitoring of natural and restored biological communities aboveground and belowground, and gene expression analysis as a measure of genetic resilience of restored populations. Challenges remain in data generation, handling and analysis, and how best to apply NGS for practical outcomes in restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Williams
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Paul G Nevill
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia.
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De Kort H, Mergeay J, Vander Mijnsbrugge K, Decocq G, Maccherini S, Kehlet Bruun HH, Honnay O, Vandepitte K. An evaluation of seed zone delineation using phenotypic and population genomic data on black alderAlnus glutinosa. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne De Kort
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology; Biology Department; University of Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Joachim Mergeay
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest; Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen Belgium
| | - Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest; Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen Belgium
- Agency for Nature and Forest; Koning Albert II laan 20 1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Research unit of “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés”; Jules Vernes University of Picardy; 1 Rue des F-80037 Amiens Cedex France
| | - Simona Maccherini
- BIOCONNET; Biodiversity and Conservation Network; Department of Life Sciences; University of Siena; Via P.A. Mattioli 4 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Hans Henrik Kehlet Bruun
- Ecology and Evolution Section; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology; Biology Department; University of Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Katrien Vandepitte
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology; Biology Department; University of Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
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