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Wang W, Du J, He Z, Miao C, Wu J, Ma D, Zhao P. Pollinator peaking earlier than flowering is more detrimental to plant fecundity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170458. [PMID: 38290677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change has caused asynchronous phenological shifts between most plants and their pollinators, resulting in an earlier or later appearance of peak flowering relative to peak pollinator abundance. The fitness impact of these two mismatch patterns may not be simply equivalent, but the information has so far been limited. To explore how differently plant fitness responds to the distinct mismatch patterns, we conducted a seed-setting comparative study at the individual level in an alpine grassland community in the Qilian Mountains of China. By monitoring flowering abundance and insect visits, we measured the phenological matching relationship between plants and their key pollinators, and evaluated the impact of mismatches on plant productivity. We found that the pattern of "pollinator peaks earlier" accounted for a relatively high proportion in the natural community, with a significantly stronger fitness impact on plants than that of the "flower peaks earlier" pattern. The asymmetry in the fitness impacts between phenological mismatch patterns is related to the length of flowering period. Specially, the shorter the flowering duration, the greater the difference in influence between the two patterns. Our results suggest that plants with shorter flowering periods may be confronted with more severe pollination limitations if climate warming cause insects to forage further ahead. Therefore, the asymmetric effects of phenological mismatch patterns should be considered in phenological models to improve the predictive performance of plant responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Du
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhibin He
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Chenxin Miao
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juanjuan Wu
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dengke Ma
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Computer Science, Huainan Normal University, Anhui 232038, China
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Manzoor M, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Gillani SW, Shaheen H, Pieroni A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Saqib S, Makhkamov T, Khaydarov K. The local medicinal plant knowledge in Kashmir Western Himalaya: a way to foster ecological transition via community-centred health seeking strategies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:56. [PMID: 38037066 PMCID: PMC10688143 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mountainous region of Kashmir is a biodiversity hotspot, with diverse local communities and a rich cultural history linked to nature. Mountain ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change. This study emphasises the need to record the indigenous ethnoecological knowledge of wild plants used for the treatment of various ailments at higher elevations in remote areas where globalisation poses a threat to this traditional knowledge. METHODS The field survey was carried out in 2020-2022, to collect data on wild medicinal plants. Informants were selected randomly to collect indigenous medicinal knowledge using semi-structured interviews and group discussions. Various quantitative indices were employed to evaluate ethnomedicinal data. RESULTS A total of 110 medicinal plants belonging to 49 families were recorded in the study area. These medicinal plants are extensively used by local communities for the treatment of 20 major disease categories. Asteraceae was the dominant family contributing (9.09%) to medicinal plants, followed by Polygonaceae (8.18%), Apiaceae (7.27%), Lamiaceae (5.45%), and Ranunculaceae (5.45%). We observed 166 remedies were used for the treatment of various diseases in humans, and 9 remedies were used for animals. The most frequently used medicinal remedy was tea or decoction (30.91%). Among the medicinal plants, herbs (85.5%) were most frequently used by the local populations of Kashmir, whereas leaves (10.26%) were used for the treatment of various ailments. Out of 110 species, 31 were endemic, 15 of which are endemic to the Kashmir region and 16 to the Western Himalaya. The highest RFC value was reported for Allium humile (0.77), the highest UV value for Fritillaria cirrhosa (1.33), and the highest ICF value for gastro-intestinal/digestive disorders (0.85). CONCLUSIONS Local communities still rely on wild medicinal plants for primary healthcare. These communities retained valuable indigenous knowledge, which needs to be preserved for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of natural resources. Further field exploration is required to fully explore indigenous knowledge in the mountainous regions of Kashmir, and this knowledge has the potential to support the ongoing ecological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Manzoor
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hamayun Shaheen
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences Pizza V. Emanuele II, 12042, Pollenzo, Bra, Italy
- Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil, 44001, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saddam Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Trobjon Makhkamov
- Department of Forestry and Landscape Design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, 2 A., Universitet Str., Kibray District, 100700, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - Khislat Khaydarov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
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Akinmusola RY, Wilkins CA, Doughty J. DDM1-Mediated TE Silencing in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:437. [PMID: 36771522 PMCID: PMC9919755 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are indispensable for regulating gene bodies and TE silencing. DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) is a chromatin remodeller involved in histone modifications and DNA methylation. Apart from maintaining the epigenome, DDM1 also maintains key plant traits such as flowering time and heterosis. The role of DDM1 in epigenetic regulation is best characterised in plants, especially arabidopsis, rice, maize and tomato. The epigenetic changes induced by DDM1 establish the stable inheritance of many plant traits for at least eight generations, yet DDM1 does not methylate protein-coding genes. The DDM1 TE silencing mechanism is distinct and has evolved independently of other silencing pathways. Unlike the RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) pathway, DDM1 does not depend on siRNAs to enforce the heterochromatic state of TEs. Here, we review DDM1 TE silencing activity in the RdDM and non-RdDM contexts. The DDM1 TE silencing machinery is strongly associated with the histone linker H1 and histone H2A.W. While the linker histone H1 excludes the RdDM factors from methylating the heterochromatin, the histone H2A.W variant prevents TE mobility. The DDM1-H2A.W strategy alone silences nearly all the mobile TEs in the arabidopsis genome. Thus, the DDM1-directed TE silencing essentially preserves heterochromatic features and abolishes mobile threats to genome stability.
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Mamut J, Huang DH, Qiu J, Tan DY. Stamen curvature and temporal flower closure assure reproductive success in an early-spring-flowering perennial in the cold desert of Middle Asia. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:33-45. [PMID: 36471197 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Floral organ movements that ensure autonomous selfing are likely to occur in species that grow in habitats with pollinator scarcity and/or an unpredictable environment. Stamen curvature and temporal flower closure are two important floral behaviors that can influence plant pollination mode and reproductive success. However, both behaviors are rarely reported within a species, and little is known about how these two movements of floral organs ensure reproductive success in an unpredictable early spring environment with few pollinators. The aim of this study was to assess whether stamen curvature and temporal flower closure ensure successful reproduction of Leontice incerta in its cold desert habitat. Flowering phenology, floral traits, stamen curvature patterns and flower visitors were surveyed. The breeding system, capacity and timing for autonomous selfing were estimated by pollination manipulations. The timing of floral opening and closure, and benefits of temporal flower closure were determined. We found that flowering of L. incerta began in late March to early April in two populations in two years, and the yellow flowers had neither nectar nor scent. Floral visitation occurred very rarely, but bees (Colletes sp.) were potential pollinators. Fruit and seed set of open and bagged flowers did not differ significantly from that of self-pollinated or cross-pollinated flowers. However, removal of stamens significantly decreased seed set. Self-pollination occurs when the stamens curve and anthers touch the stigma autonomously, suggesting autonomous selfing assurance of seed production in this self-compatible species. Both fruit and seed set of flowers that were prevented from closing were significantly lower than those of control flowers and closed flowers treated with simulated rain treatment. Therefore, stamen curvature and temporal floral closure can ensure successful sexual reproduction of L. incerta in early spring in the cold desert, where lack of pollinators otherwise may lead to pollination failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannathan Mamut
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, China
| | - Dai-Hong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, China
| | - Juan Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, China
| | - Dun-Yan Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, China.
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Reed WJ, Ison JL, Waananen A, Shaw FH, Wagenius S, Shaw RG. Genetic variation in reproductive timing in a long-lived herbaceous perennial. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1861-1874. [PMID: 36112607 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Reproductive fitness of individual plants depends on the timing of flowering, especially in mate-limited populations, such as those in fragmented habitats. When flowering time traits are associated with differential reproductive success, the narrow-sense heritability (h2 ) of traits will determine how rapidly trait means evolve in response to selection. Heritability of flowering time is documented in many annual plants. However, estimating h2 of flowering time in perennials presents additional methodological challenges, often including paternity assignment and trait expression over multiple years. METHODS We evaluated the h2 of onset and duration of flowering using offspring-midparent regressions and restricted maximum likelihood methods in an experimental population of an iterocarpic, perennial, herbaceous plant, Echinacea angustifolia, growing in natural conditions. We assessed the flowering time of the parental cohort in 2005 and 2006; the offspring in 2014 through 2017. We also examined the effects of the paternity assignment from Cervus and MasterBayes on estimates of h2 . RESULTS We found substantial h2 for onset and duration of flowering. We also observed variation in estimates among years. The most reliable estimates for both traits fell in the range of 0.1-0.17. We found evidence of a genotype by year interaction for onset of flowering and strong evidence that genotypes are consistent in their duration of flowering across years. CONCLUSIONS Substantial heritabilities in this population imply the capacity for a response to natural selection, while also suggesting the potential for differential contributions to adaptive evolution among seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will J Reed
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ison
- Biology Department, College of Wooster, 1189 Beall Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Amy Waananen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Frank H Shaw
- Math Department, Hamline University, 1536 Hewitt Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55104, USA
| | - Stuart Wagenius
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL, 60022, USA
| | - Ruth G Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Wu ZL, Li JY, Huang PL, Sun ZS, Li HL, Zhang WD. New ent-kaurane diterpenoid acids from Nouelia insignis Franch and their anti-inflammatory activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11155-11163. [PMID: 35425047 PMCID: PMC8995843 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01684b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven undescribed ent-kaurane-type diterpenoid acids, namely noueinsiancins A–K (1–11), together with sixteen related known analogs (12–27) were isolated from Nouelia insignis Franch. The chemical structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were confirmed by the extensive spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory assay was applied to estimate the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of all compounds by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. The results revealed that 4–7 and 13–17 significantly inhibited NO production at the concentrations of 2.5 μM, 5.0 μM and 10.0 μM. Meanwhile, compounds 6 and 7 were found to down-regulate the protein expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these findings provided the reference values for exploring the new chemicals with biological activities from this genus. Eleven undescribed ent-kaurane-type diterpenoid acids, namely noueinsiancins A–K (1–11), together with sixteen related known analogs (12–27) were isolated from Nouelia insignis Franch.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Li Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 P. R. China .,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Peng-Li Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Ze-Shi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 P. R. China .,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 P. R. China .,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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