1
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Wyatt AL, Pardoe HS, Cleal CJ, Sánchez Vilas J. Rapid morphological change in UK populations of Impatiens glandulifera. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19275. [PMID: 39164340 PMCID: PMC11335755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly invasive Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) is one of the most prolific and widespread invasive plants in the British Isles. Introduced in the early nineteenth century, it has now been reported in almost every vice county across the UK and is a fierce competitor that has adverse effects on the local community structure. Despite the negative impacts that invaders like I. glandulifera have on local communities, there have been very few studies which address the morphological changes that invasive plant populations have undergone since their initial introduction. This is the first study of its kind to investigate the morphological changes that have occurred in I. glandulifera. 315 herbarium specimens dating from 1865 to 2017 were used to measure changes in morphological traits such as leaf size, flower length and stomatal characteristics. We found that since 1865, there has been a significant reduction in overall leaf size, a significant reduction in stomatal density and a significant increase in the overall flower length. These results highlight the importance of monitoring the evolutionary change in prolific alien species over the course of their invasion, providing useful insights into changes in competitive ability which may prove useful in managing dispersal and providing options for potential management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Wyatt
- Geobiology and Geochemistry Division, Cardiff School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - H S Pardoe
- Department of Natural Sciences, Amgueddfa Cymru - Museum Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3NP, UK
| | - C J Cleal
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional (Área de Ecoloxía), Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, c/ Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Sánchez Vilas
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional (Área de Ecoloxía), Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, c/ Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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2
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Hagan T, Ding G, Buchmann G, Oldroyd BP, Gloag R. Serial founder effects slow range expansion in an invasive social insect. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3608. [PMID: 38684711 PMCID: PMC11058855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive populations often experience founder effects: a loss of genetic diversity relative to the source population, due to a small number of founders. Even where these founder effects do not impact colonization success, theory predicts they might affect the rate at which invasive populations expand. This is because secondary founder effects are generated at advancing population edges, further reducing local genetic diversity and elevating genetic load. We show that in an expanding invasive population of the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana), genetic diversity is indeed lowest at range edges, including at the complementary sex determiner, csd, a locus that is homozygous-lethal. Consistent with lower local csd diversity, range edge colonies had lower brood viability than colonies in the range centre. Further, simulations of a newly-founded and expanding honey bee population corroborate the spatial patterns in mean colony fitness observed in our empirical data and show that such genetic load at range edges will slow the rate of population expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hagan
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Guiling Ding
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Gabriele Buchmann
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Oldroyd
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rosalyn Gloag
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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3
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Dogantzis KA, Raffiudin R, Putra RE, Shaleh I, Conflitti IM, Pepinelli M, Roberts J, Holmes M, Oldroyd BP, Zayed A, Gloag R. Post-invasion selection acts on standing genetic variation despite a severe founding bottleneck. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1349-1356.e4. [PMID: 38428415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Invasive populations often have lower genetic diversity relative to the native-range populations from which they derive.1,2 Despite this, many biological invaders succeed in their new environments, in part due to rapid adaptation.3,4,5,6 Therefore, the role of genetic bottlenecks in constraining the adaptation of invaders is debated.7,8,9,10 Here, we use whole-genome resequencing of samples from a 10-year time-series dataset, representing the natural invasion of the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) in Australia, to investigate natural selection occurring in the aftermath of a founding event. We find that Australia's A. cerana population was founded by as few as one colony, whose arrival was followed by a period of rapid population expansion associated with an increase of rare variants.11 The bottleneck resulted in a steep loss of overall genetic diversity, yet we nevertheless detected loci with signatures of positive selection during the first years post-invasion. When we investigated the origin of alleles under selection, we found that selection acted primarily on the variation introduced by founders and not on the variants that arose post-invasion by mutation. In all, our data highlight that selection on standing genetic variation can occur in the early years post-invasion, even where founding bottlenecks are severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Dogantzis
- York University, Department of Biology, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Rika Raffiudin
- IPB University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ramadhani Eka Putra
- Bandung Institute of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ismail Shaleh
- IPB University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ida M Conflitti
- York University, Department of Biology, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Mateus Pepinelli
- York University, Department of Biology, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - John Roberts
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael Holmes
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Oldroyd
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amro Zayed
- York University, Department of Biology, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Rosalyn Gloag
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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4
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Cheung K, Amos TG, Shine R, DeVore JL, Ducatez S, Edwards RJ, Rollins LA. Whole-mitogenome analysis unveils previously undescribed genetic diversity in cane toads across their invasion trajectory. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11115. [PMID: 38435005 PMCID: PMC10909579 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive species offer insights into rapid adaptation to novel environments. The iconic cane toad (Rhinella marina) is an excellent model for studying rapid adaptation during invasion. Previous research using the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 3 (ND3) gene in Hawai'ian and Australian invasive populations found a single haplotype, indicating an extreme genetic bottleneck following introduction. Nuclear genetic diversity also exhibited reductions across the genome in these two populations. Here, we investigated the mitochondrial genomics of cane toads across this invasion trajectory. We created the first reference mitochondrial genome for this species using long-read sequence data. We combined whole-genome resequencing data of 15 toads with published transcriptomic data of 125 individuals to construct nearly complete mitochondrial genomes from the native (French Guiana) and introduced (Hawai'i and Australia) ranges for population genomic analyses. In agreement with previous investigations of these populations, we identified genetic bottlenecks in both Hawai'ian and Australian introduced populations, alongside evidence of population expansion in the invasive ranges. Although mitochondrial genetic diversity in introduced populations was reduced, our results revealed that it had been underestimated: we identified 45 mitochondrial haplotypes in Hawai'ian and Australian samples, none of which were found in the native range. Additionally, we identified two distinct groups of haplotypes from the native range, separated by a minimum of 110 base pairs (0.6%). These findings enhance our understanding of how invasion has shaped the genetic landscape of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton Cheung
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Timothy G. Amos
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rick Shine
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jayna L. DeVore
- Univ. Polynésie FrancaiseUMR 241 EIO (UPF, IRD, IFREMER, ILM) BP 6570 Faa'aTahitiFrench Polynesia
| | - Simon Ducatez
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)UMR 241 EIO (UPF, IRD, IFREMER, ILM) BP 6570 Faa'aTahitiFrench Polynesia
| | - Richard J. Edwards
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Minderoo OceanOmics Centre at UWA, Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Lee Ann Rollins
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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5
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Zichello JM, DeLiberto ST, Holmes P, Pierwola AA, Werner SJ. Recent beak evolution in North American starlings after invasion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:140. [PMID: 38167426 PMCID: PMC10761893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
European starlings are one of the most abundant and problematic avian invaders in the world. From their native range across Eurasia and North Africa, they have been introduced to every continent except Antarctica. In 160 years, starlings have expanded into different environments throughout the world, making them a powerful model for understanding rapid evolutionary change and adaptive plasticity. Here, we investigate their spatiotemporal morphological variation in North America and the native range. Our dataset includes 1217 specimens; a combination of historical museum skins and modern birds. Beak length in the native range has remained unchanged during the past 206 years, but we find beak length in North American birds is now 8% longer than birds from the native range. We discuss potential drivers of this pattern including dietary adaptation or climatic pressures. Additionally, body size in North American starlings is smaller than those from the native range, which suggests a role for selection or founder effect. Taken together, our results indicate rapid recent evolutionary change in starling morphology coincident with invasion into novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Zichello
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shelagh T DeLiberto
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paul Holmes
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Shrewsbury Veterinary Investigation Centre, Shrewsbury, SY1 4HD, UK
| | - Agnieszka A Pierwola
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Werner
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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6
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Kardum Hjort C, Paris JR, Smith HG, Dudaniec RY. Selection despite low genetic diversity and high gene flow in a rapid island invasion of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17212. [PMID: 37990959 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species are predicted to adjust their morphological, physiological and life-history traits to adapt to their non-native environments. Although a loss of genetic variation during invasion may restrict local adaptation, introduced species often thrive in novel environments. Despite being founded by just a few individuals, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) has in less than 30 years successfully spread across the island of Tasmania (Australia), becoming abundant and competitive with native pollinators. We use RADseq to investigate what neutral and adaptive genetic processes associated with environmental and morphological variation allow B. terrestris to thrive as an invasive species in Tasmania. Given the widespread abundance of B. terrestris, we expected little genetic structure across Tasmania and weak signatures of environmental and morphological selection. We found high gene flow with low genetic diversity, although with significant isolation-by-distance and spatial variation in effective migration rates. Restricted migration was evident across the mid-central region of Tasmania, corresponding to higher elevations, pastural land, low wind speeds and low precipitation seasonality. Tajima's D indicated a recent population expansion extending from the south to the north of the island. Selection signatures were found for loci in relation to precipitation, wind speed and wing loading. Candidate loci were annotated to genes with functions related to cuticle water retention and insect flight muscle stability. Understanding how a genetically impoverished invasive bumblebee has rapidly adapted to a novel island environment provides further understanding about the evolutionary processes that determine successful insect invasions, and the potential for invasive hymenopteran pollinators to spread globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Kardum Hjort
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josephine R Paris
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rachael Y Dudaniec
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Tu W, Sun G, Wu N, Zhang Y. The General Trends of Genetic Diversity Change in Alien Plants' Invasion. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2690. [PMID: 37514304 PMCID: PMC10385407 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity is associated with invasion dynamics during establishment and expansion stages by affecting the viability and adaptive potential of exotics. There have been many reports on the comparison between the genetic diversity of invasive alien species (IAS) in and out of their native habitats, but the conclusions were usually inconsistent. In this work, a standard meta-analysis of the genetic diversity of 19 invasive plants based on 26 previous studies was carried out to investigate the general trend for the change of IASs' genetic diversity during their invasion process and its real correlation with the invasion fate. Those 26 studies were screened from a total of 3557 peer-reviewed publications from the ISI Web of Science database during the period of January 2000 to May 2022. Based on the selected studies in this work, a general reduction of IASs' genetic diversity was found in non-native populations compared to that in native ones, while the difference was not significant. This finding suggested that regardless of the change in genetic diversity, it had no substantial effect on the outcome of the invasion process. Therefore, genetic diversity might not serve as a reliable indicator for risk assessment and prediction of invasion dynamic prediction in the case of IASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- China-Croatia 'Belt and Road' Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China-Croatia 'Belt and Road' Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenqin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Geng Sun
- China-Croatia 'Belt and Road' Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ning Wu
- China-Croatia 'Belt and Road' Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- China-Croatia 'Belt and Road' Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Trait variation in a successful global invader: a large-scale analysis of morphological variance and integration in the brown trout. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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9
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Global invasion history and native decline of the common starling: insights through genetics. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFew invasive birds are as globally successful as the Common or European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Native to the Palearctic, the starling has been intentionally introduced to North and South America, South Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, enabling us to explore species traits that may contribute to its invasion success. Coupling the rich studies of life history and more recent explorations of genomic variation among invasions, we illustrate how eco-evolutionary dynamics shape the invasion success of this long-studied and widely distributed species. Especially informative is the comparison between Australian and North American invasions, because these populations colonized novel ranges concurrently and exhibit shared signals of selection despite distinct population histories. In this review, we describe population dynamics across the native and invasive ranges, identify putatively selected traits that may influence the starling’s spread, and suggest possible determinants of starling success world-wide. We also identify future opportunities to utilize this species as a model for avian invasion research, which will inform our understanding of species’ rapid evolution in response to environmental change.
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10
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Konopiński MK, Fijarczyk AM, Biedrzycka A. Complex patterns shape immune genes diversity during invasion of common raccoon in Europe - Selection in action despite genetic drift. Evol Appl 2023; 16:134-151. [PMID: 36699132 PMCID: PMC9850017 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid adaptation is common in invasive populations and is crucial to their long-term success. The primary target of selection in the invasive species' new range is standing genetic variation. Therefore, genetic drift and natural selection acting on existing variation are key evolutionary processes through which invaders will evolve over a short timescale. In this study, we used the case of the raccoon Procyon lotor invasion in Europe to identify the forces shaping the diversity of immune genes during invasion. The genes involved in the defence against infection should be under intense selection pressure in the invasive range where novel pathogens are expected to occur. To disentangle the selective and demographic processes shaping the adaptive immune diversity of its invasive and expanding populations, we have developed species-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism markers located in the coding regions of targeted immune-related genes. We characterised the genetic diversity of 110 functionally important immune genes in two invasive and one native raccoon genetic clusters, each presenting a different demographic history. Despite the strong effect of demographic processes in the invasive clusters, we detected a subset of genes exhibiting the diversity pattern suggestive of selection. The most likely process shaping the variation in those genes was balancing selection. The selected genes belong to toll-like receptors and cytokine-related genes. Our results suggest that the prevalence of selection depends on the level of diversity, that is - less genetically diverse invasive population from the Czech Republic displayed fewer signs of selection. Our results highlight the role of standing genetic variation in adapting to new environment. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms behind invasion success would enable predicting how populations may respond to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M. Fijarczyk
- Laval University Département de BiologieUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
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11
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Leonhardt F, Arranz Aveces C, Müller A, Angin B, Jegu M, Haynes P, Ernst R. Low genetic diversity in a widespread whistling alien: A comparison of Eleutherodactylus johnstonei Barbour, 1914 (Eleutherodactylidae) and congeners in native and introduced ranges. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.79.86778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is no clear empirical evidence to support the general assumption that genetic diversity favours successful invasions. Many invading species disperse and establish successfully despite low genetic diversity, a phenomenon known as the genetic paradox of biological invasion. Model systems that allow comparison of genetic patterns between exotic and native source populations are still scarce. This is particularly true for amphibians. Here we compare genetic patterns of the widely introduced Johnstone’s Whistling Frog, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei, with its successful alien congener E. antillensis and the single island endemic E. portoricensis. Genetic diversity and population differentiation in native and introduced populations of the three taxa were inferred from mitochondrial D-loop sequences (235 bp). Our results reveal that exotic populations of the two alien taxa, E. johnstonei and E. antillensis, are not only genetically impoverished due to founder effects, but that, moreover, their native range source-populations exhibit low genetic diversity and inter-population differentiation in the first place. Populations of the endemic E. portoricensis, on the other hand, are genetically more diverse and show marked inter-population differentiation. These observed genetic patterns are consistent with geological processes and invasion histories. We argue that the establishment success of the alien taxa in our model system is better explained by ecological factors and anthropogenic drivers than by genetic diversity. As these factors provide more parsimonious explanations, they should be given priority in management decisions. However, molecular studies with higher resolution are needed to fully test possible genetic and epigenetic components that could promote the invasion process.
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12
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Effect of Life-History Traits and Habitat Condition on Genetic Diversity between Invasive and Native Plant Populations. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant invasions have a huge impact on the health of ecosystems and human well-being. The invasion risk varies with the introduction pathway, the propagule pressure, and the genetic diversity of the founding population. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 studies reporting the genetic diversity of 31 plant species in their invasive and native ranges. We evaluated if patterns of genetic diversity differ between ranges and whether these responses are influenced by life-history traits, hybridization, polyploidization, and habitat condition. We found that invasive populations had significantly lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding than native populations. In fragmented and degraded habitats, the genetic diversity of invaders was lower, but inbreeding was not affected. Polyploid invaders with hybrid capacity also showed lower genetic diversity. Invasive herbs with vegetative propagation were more sensitive to the loss of genetic diversity and had higher levels of inbreeding. Our synthesis showed that the genetic response in the invaded range could result from historical processes, such as founder and bottleneck events. Traits such as selfing are more likely to preserve the signatures of founder events and influence the genetic diversity in invasive populations. Additionally, clonality seems to be the predominant reproduction system in the invaded range.
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13
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Brandenburger CR, Maslen B, Sherwin WB, Moles AT. Weedy and seedy: the rapid evolution of life-history characteristics in an introduced daisy. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac038. [PMID: 36092025 PMCID: PMC9449359 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of life-history characteristics in determining a species' success, we still lack basic information about some fundamental life-history elements found across the life cycle of introduced plants. Our study assesses rapid evolutionary divergence in life-history characteristics of the beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia by comparing introduced Australian and source South African plants and measuring eight key variables including seed mass, germination, reproductive output and survival. This is the first study that compares the life history of an introduced plant species with its single original source population, providing a precise and powerful method for detecting evolutionary divergence. We found that introduced A. populifolia has evolved a suite of weedy life-history characteristics in less than 90 years: the introduced plants use a live-fast die-young strategy of germination and survival and produce significantly more inflorescences and more seeds that germinate faster. This knowledge adds to the remarkable data that we already have on the rapid evolutionary divergence occurring in the morphology, physiology and defence of this introduced plant and highlights the speed and scope of evolutionary divergence possible in plants. To fully understand and manage the future of our plant species, we must consider their potential for ongoing change in key aspects of life history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Maslen
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William B Sherwin
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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14
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Biedrzycka A, Fijarczyk A, Kloch A, Porth IM. Editorial: Genomic basis of adaptations to new environments in expansive and invasive species. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.974649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Non-Native Forest Tree Species in Europe: The Question of Seed Origin in Afforestation. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Non-native forest tree species have been introduced in Europe since the 16th century, but only in the second half of the 20th century the significance of the seed source origin for their economic use was recognized, resulting in the establishment of numerous provenance trials at a national, regional, European and International level, as those led by IUFRO. Breeding programs have also been launched in the continent for the most economically important species. Aim of this work is the formulation of provenance recommendations for planting of five non-native tree species in Europe (Douglas fir, grand fir, Sitka spruce, lodgepole pine and black locust), based on the information obtained from twenty countries, in the frame of the EU FP-1403 NNEXT Cost Action. The survey revealed that official and non-official national recommendations, based on provenance research results, have been elaborated and followed at a different level and extend for the above five species, but only for Douglas fir recommendations exist in almost all the participating to the survey countries. The compilation of provenance recommendations across Europe for each species is presented in the current work. Besides the recommended introduced seed sources, European seed sources are also preferred for planting, due to ease of access and high availability of forest reproductive material. European breeding programs yielding genetic material of high productivity and quality constitute currently the seed source of choice for several species and countries. Consolidation of trial data obtained across countries will allow the joint analysis that is urgently needed to draw solid conclusions, and will facilitate the development of ‘Universal-Response-Functions’ for the species of interest, rendering possible the identification of the genetic material suitable for global change. New provenance trial series that will test seed sources from the entire climatic range of the species, established in sites falling within and outside the environmental envelopes of their natural ranges, are urgently needed to pinpoint and understand the species-specific climate constraints, as well as to correlate functional traits to the seed origin and the environmental conditions of the test sites, so that the selection of suitable forest reproductive material of non-native tree species in the face of climate change can be feasible.
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16
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Yagound B, West AJ, Richardson MF, Selechnik D, Shine R, Rollins LA. Brain transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression differences associated with dispersal behaviour between range-front and range-core populations of invasive cane toads in Australia. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1700-1715. [PMID: 35028988 PMCID: PMC9303232 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms allowing invasive species to adapt to novel environments is a challenge in invasion biology. Many invaders demonstrate rapid evolution of behavioural traits involved in range expansion such as locomotor activity, exploration and risk‐taking. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin these changes are poorly understood. In 86 years, invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) in Australia have drastically expanded their geographic range westward from coastal Queensland to Western Australia. During their range expansion, toads have undergone extensive phenotypic changes, particularly in behaviours that enhance the toads’ dispersal ability. Common‐garden experiments have shown that some changes in behavioural traits related to dispersal are heritable. At the molecular level, it is currently unknown whether these changes in dispersal‐related behaviour are underlain by small or large differences in gene expression, nor is known the biological function of genes showing differential expression. Here, we used RNA‐seq to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dispersal‐related behavioural changes. We compared the brain transcriptomes of toads from the Hawai'ian source population, as well as three distinct populations from across the Australian invasive range. We found markedly different gene expression profiles between the source population and Australian toads. By contrast, toads from across the Australian invasive range had very similar transcriptomic profiles. Yet, key genes with functions putatively related to dispersal behaviour showed differential expression between populations located at each end of the invasive range. These genes could play an important role in the behavioural changes characteristic of range expansion in Australian cane toads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Yagound
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea J West
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark F Richardson
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Deakin Genomics Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Selechnik
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee A Rollins
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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17
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Paz‐Vinas I, Lang I, Millet P, Veyssière C, Loot G, Cucherousset J. Inference of local invasion pathways in two invasive crayfish species displaying contrasting genetic patterns. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Paz‐Vinas
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UPS CNRS IRD Université de Toulouse UMR 5174 Toulouse France
| | - Iris Lang
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UPS CNRS IRD Université de Toulouse UMR 5174 Toulouse France
| | - Paul Millet
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UPS CNRS IRD Université de Toulouse UMR 5174 Toulouse France
| | - Charlotte Veyssière
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UPS CNRS IRD Université de Toulouse UMR 5174 Toulouse France
| | - Géraldine Loot
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UPS CNRS IRD Université de Toulouse UMR 5174 Toulouse France
- Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UPS CNRS IRD Université de Toulouse UMR 5174 Toulouse France
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18
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Lemmen KD, Verhoeven KJF, Declerck SAJ. Experimental evidence of rapid heritable adaptation in the absence of initial standing genetic variation. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D. Lemmen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Koen J. F. Verhoeven
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Steven A. J. Declerck
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Biology Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KULeuven Leuven Belgium
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19
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Stuart KC, Cardilini APA, Cassey P, Richardson MF, Sherwin WB, Rollins LA, Sherman CDH. Signatures of selection in a recent invasion reveal adaptive divergence in a highly vagile invasive species. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:1419-1434. [PMID: 33463838 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of population genetics in invasive populations helps us to identify drivers of successful alien introductions. Here, we investigate putative signals of selection in Australian populations of invasive common starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, and seek to understand how these have been influenced by introduction history. We used reduced representation sequencing to determine population structure, and identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that are putatively under selection. We found that since their introduction into Australia, starling populations have become genetically differentiated despite the potential for high levels of dispersal, and that starlings have responded to selective pressures imposed by a wide range of environmental conditions across their geographic range. Isolation by distance appears to have played a strong role in determining genetic substructure across the starling's Australian range. Analyses of candidate SNPs that are putatively under selection indicated that aridity, precipitation and temperature may be important factors driving adaptive variation across the starling's invasive range in Australia. However, we also noted that the historic introduction regime may leave footprints on sites flagged as being under adaptive selection, and encourage critical interpretation of selection analyses in non-native populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina C Stuart
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam P A Cardilini
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip Cassey
- Centre for Applied Conservation Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark F Richardson
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Genomics Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - William B Sherwin
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lee A Rollins
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig D H Sherman
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Bodt LH, Rollins LA, Zichello JM. Contrasting mitochondrial diversity of European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris) across three invasive continental distributions. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10186-10195. [PMID: 33005374 PMCID: PMC7520211 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) represent one of the most widespread and problematic avian invasive species in the world. Understanding their unique population history and current population dynamics can contribute to conservation efforts and clarify evolutionary processes over short timescales. European starlings were introduced to Central Park, New York in 1890, and from a founding group of about 100 birds, they have expanded across North America with a current population of approximately 200 million. There were also multiple introductions in Australia in the mid-19th century and at least one introduction in South Africa in the late 19th century. Independent introductions on these three continents provide a robust system to investigate invasion genetics. In this study, we compare mitochondrial diversity in European starlings from North America, Australia, and South Africa, and a portion of the native range in the United Kingdom. Of the three invasive ranges, the North American population shows the highest haplotype diversity and evidence of both sudden demographic and spatial expansion. Comparatively, the Australian population shows the lowest haplotype diversity, but also shows evidence for sudden demographic and spatial expansion. South Africa is intermediate to the other invasive populations in genetic diversity but does not show evidence of demographic expansion. In previous studies, population genetic structure was found in Australia, but not in South Africa. Here we find no evidence of population structure in North America. Although all invasive populations share haplotypes with the native range, only one haplotype is shared between invasive populations. This suggests these three invasive populations represent independent subsamples of the native range. The structure of the haplotype network implies that the native-range sampling does not comprehensively characterize the genetic diversity there. This study represents the most geographically widespread analysis of European starling population genetics to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hart Bodt
- Educational Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Human OriginsAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryDNA Learning CenterCold Spring HarborNYUSA
- Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Lee Ann Rollins
- Evolution & Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Julia M. Zichello
- Educational Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Human OriginsAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of AnthropologyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Natural SciencesCollege of Mt. St. VincentBronxNYUSA
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21
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Brandenburger CR, Kim M, Slavich E, Meredith FL, Salminen J, Sherwin WB, Moles AT. Evolution of defense and herbivory in introduced plants-Testing enemy release using a known source population, herbivore trials, and time since introduction. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5451-5463. [PMID: 32607166 PMCID: PMC7319247 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enemy release hypothesis is often cited as a potential explanation for the success of introduced plants; yet, empirical evidence for enemy release is mixed. We aimed to quantify changes in herbivory and defense in introduced plants while controlling for three factors that might have confounded past studies: using a wide native range for comparison with the introduced range, measuring defense traits without determining whether they affect herbivore preferences, and not considering the effect of time since introduction. The first hypothesis we tested was that introduced plants will have evolved lower levels of plant defense compared to their source population. We grew South African (source) and Australian (introduced) beach daisies (Arctotheca populifolia) in a common-environment glasshouse experiment and measured seven defense traits. Introduced plants had more ash, alkaloids, and leaf hairs than source plants, but were also less tough, with a lower C:N ratio and less phenolics. Overall, we found no difference in defense between source and introduced plants. To determine whether the feeding habits of herbivores align with changes in defense traits, we conducted preference feeding trials using five different herbivore species. Herbivores showed no overall preference for leaves from either group. The second hypothesis we tested was that herbivory on introduced plant species will increase through time after introduction to a new range. We recorded leaf damage on herbarium specimens of seven species introduced to eastern Australia and three native control species. We found no change in the overall level of herbivory experienced by introduced plants since arriving in Australia. CONCLUSION In the field of invasion ecology, we need to rethink the paradigm that species introduced to a new range undergo simple decreases in defenses against herbivores. Instead, plants are likely to employ a range of defense traits that evolve in both coordinated and opposing ways in response to a plethora of different biotic and abiotic selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire R. Brandenburger
- Evolution and Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Martin Kim
- Evolution and Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Eve Slavich
- Stats CentralMark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Floret L. Meredith
- Evolution and Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Juha‐Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research GroupDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - William B. Sherwin
- Evolution and Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Angela T. Moles
- Evolution and Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
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22
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Competitive Displacement between Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and MED and Evidence for Multiple Invasions of MED. INSECTS 2019; 11:insects11010035. [PMID: 31906186 PMCID: PMC7022974 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the severe ecological damage and economic loss caused by invasive species, the factors contributing to successful invasion or displacement remain elusive. The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important invasive agricultural pest worldwide, causing severe damage to numerous crops by feeding or transmitting plant viruses. In this study, we monitored the dynamics of two invasive whitefly cryptic species, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED), in Jiangsu, China, from 2005-2016. We found that B. tabaci MED quickly established and asserted dominance over MEAM1, resulting in their population displacement in Jiangsu in only three years (from 2005 to 2008). We further investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the successful invasion and competitive displacement from a genetic perspective. Based on sequencing of mitochondrial gene sequences from large numbers of whitefly samples, multiple invasion events of MED were validated by our genetic analyses. MED invaded Jiangsu starting from multiple introduction sites with secondary and/or subsequent invasive events. This may favor their invasion and displacement of MEAM1. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms that enabled the successful invasion of MED.
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23
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Selechnik D, Richardson MF, Shine R, DeVore JL, Ducatez S, Rollins LA. Increased Adaptive Variation Despite Reduced Overall Genetic Diversity in a Rapidly Adapting Invader. Front Genet 2019; 10:1221. [PMID: 31850072 PMCID: PMC6901984 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive species often evolve rapidly following introduction despite genetic bottlenecks that may result from small numbers of founders; however, some invasions may not fit this “genetic paradox”. The invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) displays high phenotypic variation across its introduced Australian range. Here, we used three genome-wide datasets to characterize their population structure and genetic diversity. We found that toads form three genetic clusters: 1) native range toads, 2) toads from the source population in Hawaii and long-established areas near introduction sites in Australia, and 3) toads from more recently established northern Australian sites. Although we find an overall reduction in genetic diversity following introduction, we do not see this reduction in loci putatively under selection, suggesting that genetic diversity may have been maintained at ecologically relevant traits, or that mutation rates were high enough to maintain adaptive potential. Nonetheless, toads encounter novel environmental challenges in Australia, and the transition between genetic clusters occurs at a point along the invasion transect where temperature rises and rainfall decreases. We identify environmentally associated loci known to be involved in resistance to heat and dehydration. This study highlights that natural selection occurs rapidly and plays a vital role in shaping the structure of invasive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Selechnik
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (SOLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark F Richardson
- Deakin Genomics Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (SOLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayna L DeVore
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (SOLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Ducatez
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (SOLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee A Rollins
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Brandenburger CR, Cooke J, Sherwin WB, Moles AT. Rapid evolution of leaf physiology in an introduced beach daisy. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191103. [PMID: 31455190 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a key biological process. However, we know little about whether plants change their photosynthetic strategy when introduced to a new range. We located the most likely source population for the South African beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia introduced to Australia in the 1930s, and ran a common-garden experiment measuring 10 physiological and morphological leaf traits associated with photosynthesis. Based on predictions from theory, and higher rainfall in the introduced range, we hypothesized that introduced plants would have a (i) higher photosynthetic rate, (ii) lower water-use efficiency (WUE) and (iii) higher nitrogen-use efficiency. However, we found that introduced A. populifolia had a lower photosynthetic rate, higher WUE and lower nitrogen-use efficiency than did plants from Arniston, South Africa. Subsequent site visits suggested that plants in Arniston may be able to access moisture on a rocky shelf, while introduced plants grow on sandy beaches where water can quickly dissipate. Our unexpected findings highlight that: (1) it is important to compare introduced species to their source population for an accurate assessment of evolutionary change; (2) rainfall is not always a suitable proxy for water availability and (3) introduced species often undergo evolutionary changes, but without detailed ecological information we may not be able to accurately predict the direction of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire R Brandenburger
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Julia Cooke
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - William B Sherwin
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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25
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Pujol‐Buxó E, Garcia‐Cisneros A, Miaud C, Llorente GA. Genetic relationships and diversity patterns within the invasive range of the Mediterranean Painted Frog. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Pujol‐Buxó
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- IrBio, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Garcia‐Cisneros
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB‐CSIC) Blanes Spain
| | - C. Miaud
- EPHE, UMR 5175 CEFE, CNRS, UM, Univ. P. Valéry, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, Biogéographie et Écologie des Vertébrés PSL Research University Montpellier France
| | - G. A. Llorente
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- IrBio, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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26
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Riverón-Giró FB, Raventós J, Damon A, García-González A, Mújica E. Spatio-temporal dynamics of the invasive orchid Oeceoclades maculata (Orchidaceae), in four different habitats in southeast Chiapas, Mexico. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Kim DY, Suk HY, Park SK, Kang SY, Seok SH, Lee SK, Yeon SC. Development of microsatellite markers and the genetic diversity of Myocastor coypus introduced to South Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:499-503. [PMID: 30713217 PMCID: PMC6451912 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutria (Myocastor coypus) was introduced to South Korea in 1987 for breeding of individuals for fur and meat industry, and was accidentally released into the wild.
Here, we report the development of microsatellites for the nutria collected from South Korea using Illumina MiSeq genome sequencing to identify the genetic variability and demographic
history of these introduced populations. A total of 626,282 microsatellite sequences were identified, and nine polymorphic loci were characterized. We used four novel loci developed and
three previously known loci to investigate the genetic diversity of twelve South Korean populations. A low level of diversity was found, and no signature of genetic structuring was revealed
among populations, indicating that Korean nutria individuals originated from a single population or a highly inbred reared herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, South Korea
| | - Ho Young Suk
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, South Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kang
- The Gyeongnam WildLife Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Seok
- The Gyeongnam WildLife Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, South Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Lee
- Nakdong River Basin Environment Officer, 5 Jungang-daero, Gyeongnam 51439, South Korea
| | - Seong-Chan Yeon
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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28
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Brandenburger CR, Sherwin WB, Creer SM, Buitenwerf R, Poore AGB, Frankham R, Finnerty PB, Moles AT. Rapid reshaping: the evolution of morphological changes in an introduced beach daisy. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20181713. [PMID: 30963824 PMCID: PMC6408894 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of species have been introduced to new ranges worldwide. These introductions provide opportunities for researchers to study evolutionary changes in form and function in response to new environmental conditions. However, almost all previous studies of morphological change in introduced species have compared introduced populations to populations from across the species' native range, so variation within native ranges probably confounds estimates of evolutionary change. In this study, we used microsatellites to locate the source population for the beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia that had been introduced to eastern Australia. We then compared four introduced populations from Australia with their original South African source population in a common-environment experiment. Despite being separated for less than 100 years, source and introduced populations of A. populifolia display substantial heritable morphological differences. Contrary to the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis, introduced plants were shorter than source plants, and introduced and source plants did not differ in total biomass. Contrary to predictions based on higher rainfall in the introduced range, introduced plants had smaller, thicker leaves than source plants. Finally, while source plants develop lobed adult leaves, introduced plants retain their spathulate juvenile leaf shape into adulthood. These changes indicate that rapid evolution in introduced species happens, but not always in the direction predicted by theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire R. Brandenburger
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - William B. Sherwin
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie M. Creer
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Buitenwerf
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alistair G. B. Poore
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Frankham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2019, Australia
| | - Patrick B. Finnerty
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- EMM Consulting, 1/20 Chandos St, St Leonard's, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Angela T. Moles
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Tavares D, Loureiro J, Martins A, Castro M, Roiloa S, Castro S. Genetically based phenotypic differentiation between native and introduced tetraploids of Oxalis pes-caprae. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gomez‐Uchida D, Cañas‐Rojas D, Riva‐Rossi CM, Ciancio JE, Pascual MA, Ernst B, Aedo E, Musleh SS, Valenzuela‐Aguayo F, Quinn TP, Seeb JE, Seeb LW. Genetic signals of artificial and natural dispersal linked to colonization of South America by non-native Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6192-6209. [PMID: 29988411 PMCID: PMC6024130 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics data have provided unprecedented insights into evolutionary aspects of colonization by non-native populations. Yet, our understanding of how artificial (human-mediated) and natural dispersal pathways of non-native individuals influence genetic metrics, evolution of genetic structure, and admixture remains elusive. We capitalize on the widespread colonization of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in South America, mediated by both dispersal pathways, to address these issues using data from a panel of polymorphic SNPs. First, genetic diversity and the number of effective breeders (Nb) were higher among artificial than natural populations. Contemporary gene flow was common between adjacent artificial and natural and adjacent natural populations, but uncommon between geographically distant populations. Second, genetic structure revealed four distinct clusters throughout the Chinook salmon distributional range with varying levels of genetic connectivity. Isolation by distance resulted from weak differentiation between adjacent artificial and natural and between natural populations, with strong differentiation between distant Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean populations, which experienced strong genetic drift. Third, genetic mixture analyses revealed the presence of at least six donor geographic regions from North America, some of which likely hybridized as a result of multiple introductions. Relative propagule pressure or the proportion of Chinook salmon propagules introduced from various geographic regions according to government records significantly influenced genetic mixtures for two of three artificial populations. Our findings support a model of colonization in which high-diversity artificial populations established first; some of these populations exhibited significant admixture resulting from propagule pressure. Low-diversity natural populations were likely subsequently founded from a reduced number of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gomez‐Uchida
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB)Department of ZoologyFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
| | - Diego Cañas‐Rojas
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB)Department of ZoologyFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
| | - Carla M. Riva‐Rossi
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución AustralIDEAUS‐CONICETCentro Nacional PatagónicoPuerto MadrynArgentina
| | - Javier E. Ciancio
- Centro para el estudio de Sistemas MarinosCESIMAR‐CONICETCentro Nacional PatagónicoPuerto MadrynArgentina
| | - Miguel A. Pascual
- Instituto Patagónico para el estudio de Ecosistemas ContinentalesIPEEC‐CONICETCentro Nacional PatagónicoPuerto MadrynArgentina
| | - Billy Ernst
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
- Department of OceanographyUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Eduardo Aedo
- Centro TrapanandaUniversidad Austral de ChileCoyhaiqueChile
| | - Selim S. Musleh
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB)Department of ZoologyFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
| | - Francisca Valenzuela‐Aguayo
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB)Department of ZoologyFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Present address:
Department of Aquatic SystemsFaculty of Environmental Sciences and EULA‐CentreUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Thomas P. Quinn
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - James E. Seeb
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Lisa W. Seeb
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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Wan JSH, Fazlioglu F, Bonser SP. Loss of plasticity in life-history strategy associated with secondary invasion into stressful environments in invasive narrowleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata
L.). AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S. H. Wan
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Australia; Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Molecular Biology and Genetics; Ordu University; Ordu 52200 Turkey
| | - Stephen P. Bonser
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Australia; Sydney 2052 Australia
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Merceron NR, Leroy T, Chancerel E, Romero-Severson J, Borkowski D, Ducousso A, Monty A, Porté AJ, Kremer A. Back to America: tracking the origin of European introduced populations of Quercus rubra L. Genome 2017; 60:778-790. [PMID: 28750176 PMCID: PMC6526120 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quercus rubra has been introduced in Europe since the end of the 17th century. It is widely distributed today across this continent and considered invasive in some countries. Here, we investigated the distribution of genetic diversity of both native and introduced populations with the aim of tracing the origin of introduced populations. A large sampling of 883 individuals from 73 native and 38 European locations were genotyped at 69 SNPs. In the natural range, we found a continuous geographic gradient of variation with a predominant latitudinal component. We explored the existence of ancestral populations by performing Bayesian clustering analysis and found support for two or three ancestral genetic clusters. Approximate Bayesian Computations analyses based on these two or three clusters support recent extensive secondary contacts between them, suggesting that present-day continuous genetic variation resulted from recent admixture. In the introduced range, one main genetic cluster was not recovered in Europe, suggesting that source populations were preferentially located in the northern part of the natural distribution. However, our results cannot refute the introduction of populations from the southern states that did not survive in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia R. Merceron
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech., Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jeanne Romero-Severson
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Sciences Center Notre Dame 46556. Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel Borkowski
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Sciences Center Notre Dame 46556. Indiana, USA
| | | | - Arnaud Monty
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech., Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Davy CM, Donaldson ME, Rico Y, Lausen CL, Dogantzis K, Ritchie K, Willis CK, Burles DW, Jung TS, McBurney S, Park A, McAlpine DF, Vanderwolf KJ, Kyle CJ. Prelude to a panzootic: Gene flow and immunogenetic variation in northern little brown myotis vulnerable to bat white-nose syndrome. Facets (Ott) 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus that causes bat white-nose syndrome (WNS) recently leaped from eastern North America to the Pacific Coast. The pathogen’s spread is associated with the genetic population structure of a host ( Myotis lucifugus). To understand the fine-scale neutral and immunogenetic variation among northern populations of M. lucifugus, we sampled 1142 individuals across the species’ northern range. We used genotypes at 11 microsatellite loci to reveal the genetic structure of, and directional gene flow among, populations to predict the likely future spread of the pathogen in the northwest and to estimate effective population size ( Ne). We also pyrosequenced the DRB1-like exon 2 of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in 160 individuals to explore immunogenetic selection by WNS. We identified three major neutral genetic clusters: Eastern, Montane Cordillera (and adjacent sampling areas), and Haida Gwaii, with admixture at intermediate areas and significant substructure west of the prairies. Estimates of Ne were unexpectedly low (289–16 000). Haida Gwaii may provide temporary refuge from WNS, but the western mountain ranges are not barriers to its dispersal in M. lucifugus and are unlikely to slow its spread. Our major histocompatibility complex (MHC) data suggest potential selection by WNS on the MHC, but gene duplication limited the immunogenetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Davy
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Michael E. Donaldson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Forensic Science Department, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Yessica Rico
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Catedrático CONACYT, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas 253, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán 61600, México
| | - Cori L. Lausen
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, P.O. Box 606, Kaslo, BC V0G 1M0, Canada
| | - Kathleen Dogantzis
- Forensic Science Department, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Kyle Ritchie
- Forensic Science Department, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Craig K.R. Willis
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Douglas W. Burles
- Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve/Haida Heritage Site, P.O. Box 37, Queen Charlotte City, BC V0T 1S0, Canada
| | - Thomas S. Jung
- Yukon Department of Environment, P.O. Box 2703, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada
| | - Scott McBurney
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Atlantic Region, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Allysia Park
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Atlantic Region, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Donald F. McAlpine
- New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, NB E2K 1E5, Canada
| | - Karen J. Vanderwolf
- New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, NB E2K 1E5, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Federation, 350 Promenade Michael Cowpland Drive, Kanata, ON K2M 2G4, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Kyle
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Forensic Science Department, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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Hirsch H, Richardson DM, Le Roux JJ. Introduction to the special issue: Tree invasions: towards a better understanding of their complex evolutionary dynamics. AOB PLANTS 2017; 9:plx014. [PMID: 28533897 PMCID: PMC5420828 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many invasive plants show evidence of trait-based evolutionary change, but these remain largely unexplored for invasive trees. The increasing number of invasive trees and their tremendous impacts worldwide, however, illustrates the urgent need to bridge this knowledge gap to apply efficient management. Consequently, an interdisciplinary workshop, held in 2015 at Stellenbosch University in Stellenbosch, South Africa, brought together international researchers to discuss our understanding of evolutionary dynamics in invasive trees. The main outcome of this workshop is this Special Issue of AoB PLANTS. The collection of papers in this issue has helped to identify and assess the evolutionary mechanisms that are likely to influence tree invasions. It also facilitated expansion of the unified framework for biological invasions to incorporate key evolutionary processes. The papers cover a wide range of evolutionary mechanisms in tree genomes (adaptation), epigenomes (phenotypic plasticity) and their second genomes (mutualists), and show how such mechanisms can impact tree invasion processes and management. The special issue provides a comprehensive overview of the factors that promote and mitigate the invasive success of tree species in many parts of the world. It also shows that incorporating evolutionary concepts is crucial for understanding the complex drivers of tree invasions and has much potential to improve management. The contributions of the special issue also highlight many priorities for further work in the face of ever-increasing tree invasions; the complexity of this research needs calls for expanded interdisciplinary research collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hirsch
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Johannes J. Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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35
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Mazzolari AC, Marrero HJ, Vázquez DP. Potential contribution to the invasion process of different reproductive strategies of two invasive roses. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Cao LJ, Wei SJ, Hoffmann AA, Wen JB, Chen M. Rapid genetic structuring of populations of the invasive fall webworm in relation to spatial expansion and control campaigns. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; College of Forestry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection; Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; Beijing 100097 China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection; Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; Beijing 100097 China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia
| | - Jun-Bao Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; College of Forestry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Min Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; College of Forestry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
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37
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Rollins LA, Woolnough AP, Fanson BG, Cummins ML, Crowley TM, Wilton AN, Sinclair R, Butler A, Sherwin WB. Selection on Mitochondrial Variants Occurs between and within Individuals in an Expanding Invasion. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:995-1007. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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38
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Castro S, Castro M, Ferrero V, Costa J, Tavares D, Navarro L, Loureiro J. Invasion Fosters Change: Independent Evolutionary Shifts in Reproductive Traits after Oxalis pes-caprae L. Introduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:874. [PMID: 27446109 PMCID: PMC4919335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions offer optimal scenarios to study evolutionary changes under contemporary timescales. After long-distance dispersal, exotic species have to cope with strong mate limitation, and shifts toward uniparental reproduction have been hypothesized to be selectively advantageous. Oxalis pes-caprae is a clonal tristylous species native to South Africa, and invasive in Mediterranean regions worldwide. It reproduces sexually and asexually but the importance of each strategy differs between ranges. Native populations reproduce mostly sexually while in invasive ones asexual reproduction is the prevailing strategy due to the dominance of pentaploid monomorphic populations. Nevertheless, two contrasting scenarios have been observed after introduction: transition toward clonality, and re-acquisition of sexuality fueled by multiple introductions of compatible mates. Here, we aimed to assess evolutionary changes of reproductive traits in O. pes-caprae invasive populations and evaluate whether these traits could be related with invasion success and prevalence of certain forms in the western Mediterranean basin. Sexual and asexual reproduction traits were quantified under optimal conditions in a common garden experiment including native and invasive sexual, predominately asexual, and obligated asexual individuals. Different reproductive, ecological, and genetic constraints created by long-distance dispersal seem to have generated different selective pressures in sexual and asexual traits, with our results supporting evolutionary changes in invasive populations of O. pes-caprae. Native plants had higher sexual fitness, while a transition toward clonality was clear for invasive forms, supporting clonal reproduction as a major trait driving invasion. Differences were also observed among invasive plants, with sexual forms having increased dispersal potential; thus, they are expected to be in advantage in comparison with predominantly asexual and obligated asexual plants, and may become widespread in the future. Historical processes, like the initial introduction of predominantly asexual forms followed by sexual forms more recently, could be in the origin of current distribution patterns of O. pes-caprae in the western Mediterranean. This study shows that invasion processes are very dynamic and that ecological and genetic constraints determined by the invasion process may originate different reproductive strategies that are likely to determine invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Sílvia Castro,
| | - Mariana Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Victoria Ferrero
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of VigoVigo, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joana Costa
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Tavares
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Navarro
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of VigoVigo, Spain
| | - João Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
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Benavente JN, Seeb LW, Seeb JE, Arismendi I, Hernández CE, Gajardo G, Galleguillos R, Cádiz MI, Musleh SS, Gomez-Uchida D. Temporal Genetic Variance and Propagule-Driven Genetic Structure Characterize Naturalized Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from a Patagonian Lake Impacted by Trout Farming. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142040. [PMID: 26544983 PMCID: PMC4636326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the genetic underpinnings of invasions—a theme addressed by invasion genetics as a discipline—is still scarce amid well documented ecological impacts of non-native species on ecosystems of Patagonia in South America. One of the most invasive species in Patagonia’s freshwater systems and elsewhere is rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This species was introduced to Chile during the early twentieth century for stocking and promoting recreational fishing; during the late twentieth century was reintroduced for farming purposes and is now naturalized. We used population- and individual-based inference from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to illuminate three objectives related to the establishment and naturalization of Rainbow Trout in Lake Llanquihue. This lake has been intensively used for trout farming during the last three decades. Our results emanate from samples collected from five inlet streams over two seasons, winter and spring. First, we found that significant intra- population (temporal) genetic variance was greater than inter-population (spatial) genetic variance, downplaying the importance of spatial divergence during the process of naturalization. Allele frequency differences between cohorts, consistent with variation in fish length between spring and winter collections, might explain temporal genetic differences. Second, individual-based Bayesian clustering suggested that genetic structure within Lake Llanquihue was largely driven by putative farm propagules found at one single stream during spring, but not in winter. This suggests that farm broodstock might migrate upstream to breed during spring at that particular stream. It is unclear whether interbreeding has occurred between “pure” naturalized and farm trout in this and other streams. Third, estimates of the annual number of breeders (Nb) were below 73 in half of the collections, suggestive of genetically small and recently founded populations that might experience substantial genetic drift. Our results reinforce the notion that naturalized trout originated recently from a small yet genetically diverse source and that farm propagules might have played a significant role in the invasion of Rainbow Trout within a single lake with intensive trout farming. Our results also argue for proficient mitigation measures that include management of escapes and strategies to minimize unintentional releases from farm facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera N Benavente
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Lisa W Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, 98195-5020, United States of America
| | - James E Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, 98195-5020, United States of America
| | - Ivan Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States of America
| | - Cristián E Hernández
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura & Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Ricardo Galleguillos
- Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Maria I Cádiz
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Selim S Musleh
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.,Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Daniel Gomez-Uchida
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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40
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Richardson MF, Sherman CDH. De Novo Assembly and Characterization of the Invasive Northern Pacific Seastar Transcriptome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142003. [PMID: 26529321 PMCID: PMC4631335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species are a major threat to global biodiversity but can also serve as valuable model systems to examine important evolutionary processes. While the ecological aspects of invasions have been well documented, the genetic basis of adaptive change during the invasion process has been hampered by a lack of genomic resources for the majority of invasive species. Here we report the first larval transcriptomic resource for the Northern Pacific Seastar, Asterias amurensis, an invasive marine predator in Australia. Approximately 117.5 million 100 base-pair (bp) paired-end reads were sequenced from a single RNA-Seq library from a pooled set of full-sibling A. amurensis bipinnaria larvae. We evaluated the efficacy of a pre-assembly error correction pipeline on subsequent de novo assembly. Error correction resulted in small but important improvements to the final assembly in terms of mapping statistics and core eukaryotic genes representation. The error-corrected de novo assembly resulted in 115,654 contigs after redundancy clustering. 41,667 assembled contigs were homologous to sequences from NCBI’s non-redundant protein and UniProt databases. We assigned Gene Ontology, KEGG Orthology, Pfam protein domain terms and predicted protein-coding sequences to > 36,000 contigs. The final transcriptome dataset generated here provides functional information for 18,319 unique proteins, comprising at least 11,355 expressed genes. Furthermore, we identified 9,739 orthologs to P. miniata proteins, evaluated our annotation pipeline and generated a list of 150 candidate genes for responses to several environmental stressors that may be important for adaptation of A. amurensis in the invasive range. Our study has produced a large set of A. amurensis RNA contigs with functional annotations that can serve as a resource for future comparisons to other echinoderm transcriptomes and gene expression studies. Our data can be used to study the genetic basis of adaptive change and other important evolutionary processes during a successful invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Richardson
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, (Waurn Ponds Campus). 75 Pigdons Road. Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Craig D. H. Sherman
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, (Waurn Ponds Campus). 75 Pigdons Road. Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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41
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Xu CY, Tang S, Fatemi M, Gross CL, Julien MH, Curtis C, van Klinken RD. Population structure and genetic diversity of invasivePhyla canescens: implications for the evolutionary potential. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00374.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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42
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Ueno S, Rodrigues JF, Alves-Pereira A, Pansarin ER, Veasey EA. Genetic variability within and among populations of an invasive, exotic orchid. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv077. [PMID: 26162896 PMCID: PMC4564003 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that invasive species are of great evolutionary interest because of their success in colonizing and spreading into new areas, the factors underlying this success often remain obscure. In this sense, studies on population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of invasive species could offer insights into mechanisms of invasions. Originally from Africa, the terrestrial orchid Oeceoclades maculata, considered an invasive plant, is the only species of the genus throughout the Americas. Considering the lack of information on population genetics of this species, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of Brazilian populations of O. maculata. We used 13 inter-simple sequence repeat primers to assess the genetic diversity of 152 individuals of O. maculata distributed in five sampled sites from three Brazilian states (São Paulo, Mato Grosso and Paraná). Low diversity was found within samples, with estimates of the Shannon index (H) ranging from 0.0094 to 0.1054 and estimates of Nei's gene diversity (He) ranging from 0.0054 to 0.0668. However, when evaluated together, the sampling locations showed substantially higher diversity estimates (H = 0.3869, He = 0.2556), and most of the genetic diversity was found among populations (ΦST = 0.933). Both clustering and principal coordinate analysis indicate the existence of five distinct groups, corresponding to the sampled localities, and which were also recovered in the Bayesian analysis. A substructure was observed in one of the localities, suggesting a lack of gene flow even between very small distances. The patterns of genetic structure found in this study may be understood considering the interaction of several probable reproductive strategies with its history of colonization involving possible genetic drift, selective pressures and multiple introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueme Ueno
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, CP 83, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jucelene Fernandes Rodrigues
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, CP 83, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Alves-Pereira
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, CP 83, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Emerson Ricardo Pansarin
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ann Veasey
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, CP 83, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
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Rollins LA, Richardson MF, Shine R. A genetic perspective on rapid evolution in cane toads (Rhinella marina). Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2264-76. [PMID: 25894012 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The process of biological invasion exposes a species to novel pressures, in terms of both the environments it encounters and the evolutionary consequences of range expansion. Several invaders have been shown to exhibit rapid evolutionary changes in response to those pressures, thus providing robust opportunities to clarify the processes at work during rapid phenotypic transitions. The accelerating pace of invasion of cane toads (Rhinella marina) in tropical Australia during its 80-year history has been well characterized at the phenotypic level, including common-garden experiments that demonstrate heritability of several dispersal-relevant traits. Individuals from the invasion front (and their progeny) show distinctive changes in morphology, physiology and behaviour that, in combination, result in far more rapid dispersal than is true of conspecifics from long-colonized areas. The extensive body of work on cane toad ecology enables us to place into context studies of the genetic basis of these traits. Our analyses of differential gene expression from toads from both ends of this invasion-history transect reveal substantial upregulation of many genes, notably those involved in metabolism and cellular repair. Clearly, then, the dramatically rapid phenotypic evolution of cane toads in Australia has been accompanied by substantial shifts in gene expression, suggesting that this system is well suited to investigating the genetic underpinnings of invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Rollins
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, Vic., 3217, Australia
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44
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Perdereau E, Bagnères AG, Vargo EL, Baudouin G, Xu Y, Labadie P, Dupont S, Dedeine F. Relationship between invasion success and colony breeding structure in a subterranean termite. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2125-42. [PMID: 25641360 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Factors promoting the establishment and colonization success of introduced populations in new environments constitute an important issue in biological invasions. In this context, the respective role of pre-adaptation and evolutionary changes during the invasion process is a key question that requires particular attention. This study compared the colony breeding structure (i.e. number and relatedness among reproductives within colonies) in native and introduced populations of the subterranean pest termite, Reticulitermes flavipes. We generated and analysed a data set of both microsatellite and mtDNA loci on termite samples collected in three introduced populations, one in France and two in Chile, and in the putative source population of French and Chilean infestations that has recently been identified in New Orleans, LA. We also provided a synthesis combining our results with those of previous studies to obtain a global picture of the variation in breeding structure in this species. Whereas most native US populations are mainly composed of colonies headed by monogamous pairs of primary reproductives, all introduced populations exhibit a particular colony breeding structure that is characterized by hundreds of inbreeding reproductives (neotenics) and by a propensity of colonies to fuse, a pattern shared uniquely with the population of New Orleans. These characteristics are comparable to those of many invasive ants and are discussed to play an important role during the invasion process. Our finding that the New Orleans population exhibits the same breeding structure as its related introduced populations suggests that this native population is pre-adapted to invade new ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perdereau
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS - Université François-Rabelais, UFR Sciences, Parc Grandmont, Tours, 37200, France
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45
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Blows MW, McGuigan K. The distribution of genetic variance across phenotypic space and the response to selection. Mol Ecol 2014; 24:2056-72. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Blows
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Katrina McGuigan
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
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Nyman T, Valtonen M, Aspi J, Ruokonen M, Kunnasranta M, Palo JU. Demographic histories and genetic diversities of Fennoscandian marine and landlocked ringed seal subspecies. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:3420-34. [PMID: 25535558 PMCID: PMC4228616 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Island populations are on average smaller, genetically less diverse, and at a higher risk to go extinct than mainland populations. Low genetic diversity may elevate extinction probability, but the genetic component of the risk can be affected by the mode of diversity loss, which, in turn, is connected to the demographic history of the population. Here, we examined the history of genetic erosion in three Fennoscandian ringed seal subspecies, of which one inhabits the Baltic Sea 'mainland' and two the 'aquatic islands' composed of Lake Saimaa in Finland and Lake Ladoga in Russia. Both lakes were colonized by marine seals after their formation c. 9500 years ago, but Lake Ladoga is larger and more contiguous than Lake Saimaa. All three populations suffered dramatic declines during the 20th century, but the bottleneck was particularly severe in Lake Saimaa. Data from 17 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial control-region sequences show that Saimaa ringed seals have lost most of the genetic diversity present in their Baltic ancestors, while the Ladoga population has experienced only minor reductions. Using Approximate Bayesian computing analyses, we show that the genetic uniformity of the Saimaa subspecies derives from an extended founder event and subsequent slow erosion, rather than from the recent bottleneck. This suggests that the population has persisted for nearly 10,000 years despite having low genetic variation. The relatively high diversity of the Ladoga population appears to result from a high number of initial colonizers and a high post-colonization population size, but possibly also by a shorter isolation period and/or occasional gene flow from the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Nyman
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern FinlandPO Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
- Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107Zurich, CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Mia Valtonen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern FinlandPO Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
| | - Jouni Aspi
- Department of Biology, University of OuluPO Box 3000, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Minna Ruokonen
- Department of Biology, University of OuluPO Box 3000, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Mervi Kunnasranta
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern FinlandPO Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
| | - Jukka U Palo
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology, Hjelt Institute, University of HelsinkiPO Box 40, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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