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Gissi E, Goodman MC, Elahi R, McDevitt-Irwin JM, Arnoldi NS, Arafeh-Dalmau N, Knight CJ, Olguín-Jacobson C, Palmisciano M, Tillman CM, De Leo GA, Micheli F. Sex-specific variation in species interactions matters in ecological communities. Trends Ecol Evol 2024:S0169-5347(24)00171-X. [PMID: 39107207 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how natural communities and ecosystems are structured and respond to anthropogenic pressures in a rapidly changing world is key to successful management and conservation. A fundamental but often overlooked biological characteristic of organisms is sex. Sex-based responses are often considered when conducting studies at organismal and population levels, but are rarely investigated in community ecology. Focusing on kelp forests as a model system, and through a review of other marine and terrestrial ecosystems, we found evidence of widespread sex-based variation in species interactions. Sex-based variation in species interactions is expected to affect ecosystem structure and functioning via multiple trophic and nontrophic pathways. Understanding the drivers and consequences of sex-based variation in species interactions can inform more effective management and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gissi
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA; National Research Council, Institute of Marine Science, Venice, 30122, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy.
| | | | - Robin Elahi
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Jamie M McDevitt-Irwin
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA; Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Natalie S Arnoldi
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Nur Arafeh-Dalmau
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA; Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher J Knight
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | | | - Melissa Palmisciano
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Ceyenna M Tillman
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Giulio A De Leo
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA; Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
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2
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Feng X, Peterson AT, Aguirre-López LJ, Burger JR, Chen X, Papeş M. Rethinking ecological niches and geographic distributions in face of pervasive human influence in the Anthropocene. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1481-1503. [PMID: 38597328 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Species are distributed in predictable ways in geographic spaces. The three principal factors that determine geographic distributions of species are biotic interactions (B), abiotic conditions (A), and dispersal ability or mobility (M). A species is expected to be present in areas that are accessible to it and that contain suitable sets of abiotic and biotic conditions for it to persist. A species' probability of presence can be quantified as a combination of responses to B, A, and M via ecological niche modeling (ENM; also frequently referred to as species distribution modeling or SDM). This analytical approach has been used broadly in ecology and biogeography, as well as in conservation planning and decision-making, but commonly in the context of 'natural' settings. However, it is increasingly recognized that human impacts, including changes in climate, land cover, and ecosystem function, greatly influence species' geographic ranges. In this light, historical distinctions between natural and anthropogenic factors have become blurred, and a coupled human-natural landscape is recognized as the new norm. Therefore, B, A, and M (BAM) factors need to be reconsidered to understand and quantify species' distributions in a world with a pervasive signature of human impacts. Here, we present a framework, termed human-influenced BAM (Hi-BAM, for distributional ecology that (i) conceptualizes human impacts in the form of six drivers, and (ii) synthesizes previous studies to show how each driver modifies the natural BAM and species' distributions. Given the importance and prevalence of human impacts on species distributions globally, we also discuss implications of this framework for ENM/SDM methods, and explore strategies by which to incorporate increasing human impacts in the methodology. Human impacts are redefining biogeographic patterns; as such, future studies should incorporate signals of human impacts integrally in modeling and forecasting species' distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, 21532, USA
| | - Monica Papeş
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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3
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Zhang X, Dalsgaard B, Staab M, Zhu C, Zhao Y, Gonçalves F, Ren P, Cai C, Qiao G, Ding P, Si X. Habitat fragmentation increases specialization of multi-trophic interactions by high species turnover. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231372. [PMID: 37876189 PMCID: PMC10598433 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is altering species interactions worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of network specialization to habitat fragmentation remain unknown, especially for multi-trophic interactions. We here collected a large dataset consisting of 2670 observations of tri-trophic interactions among plants, sap-sucking aphids and honeydew-collecting ants on 18 forested islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. For each island, we constructed an antagonistic plant-aphid and a mutualistic aphid-ant network, and tested how network specialization varied with island area and isolation. We found that both networks exhibited higher specialization on smaller islands, while only aphid-ant networks had increased specialization on more isolated islands. Variations in network specialization among islands was primarily driven by species turnover, which was interlinked across trophic levels as fragmentation increased the specialization of both antagonistic and mutualistic networks through bottom-up effects via plant and aphid communities. These findings reveal that species on small and isolated islands display higher specialization mainly due to effects of fragmentation on species turnover, with behavioural changes causing interaction rewiring playing only a minor role. Our study highlights the significance of adopting a multi-trophic perspective when exploring patterns and processes in structuring ecological networks in fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Michael Staab
- Technical University Darmstadt, Ecological Networks, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chen Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Peng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Gexia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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4
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Bello C, Schleuning M, Graham CH. Analyzing trophic ecosystem functions with the interaction functional space. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:424-434. [PMID: 36599738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the vulnerability of ecosystems to global change requires a better understanding of how trophic ecosystem functions emerge. So far, trophic ecosystem functions have been studied from the perspective of either functional diversity or network ecology. To integrate these two perspectives, we propose the interaction functional space (IFS) a conceptual framework to simultaneously analyze the effects of traits and interactions on trophic functions. We exemplify the added value of our framework for seed dispersal and wood decomposition and show how species interactions influence the relationship between functional trait diversity and trophic functions. We propose future applications for a range of functions where the IFS can help to elucidate mechanisms underpinning trophic functions and facilitate understanding of functional changes in ecosystems amidst global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bello
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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5
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Schleuning M, García D, Tobias JA. Animal functional traits: Towards a trait‐based ecology for whole ecosystems. Funct Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Daniel García
- Departamento Biología de Organismos y Sistemas (Universidad de Oviedo) and Instituto Mixto de Investigación en Biodiversidad (Universidad de Oviedo‐CSIC‐Principado de Asturias) Oviedo Spain
| | - Joseph A. Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Ascot UK
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6
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Becker C, Berthomé R, Delavault P, Flutre T, Fréville H, Gibot-Leclerc S, Le Corre V, Morel JB, Moutier N, Muños S, Richard-Molard C, Westwood J, Courty PE, de Saint Germain A, Louarn G, Roux F. The ecologically relevant genetics of plant-plant interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:31-42. [PMID: 36114125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among plants have been long recognized as a major force driving plant community dynamics and crop yield. Surprisingly, our knowledge of the ecological genetics associated with variation of plant-plant interactions remains limited. In this opinion article by scientists from complementary disciplines, the international PLANTCOM network identified four timely questions to foster a better understanding of the mechanisms mediating plant assemblages. We propose that by identifying the key relationships among phenotypic traits involved in plant-plant interactions and the underlying adaptive genetic and molecular pathways, while considering environmental fluctuations at diverse spatial and time scales, we can improve predictions of genotype-by-genotype-by-environment interactions and modeling of productive and stable plant assemblages in wild habitats and crop fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Becker
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians-University, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Richard Berthomé
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Timothée Flutre
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, UMR GQE-Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hélène Fréville
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Gibot-Leclerc
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université du Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Le Corre
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université du Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Moutier
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Stéphane Muños
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Céline Richard-Molard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - James Westwood
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université du Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre de Saint Germain
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | | | - Fabrice Roux
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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7
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Nooten SS, Guénard B. Ant communities in disturbed subtropical landscapes: is climate more important than stochastic processes? Oecologia 2022; 200:441-454. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Cruz-Laufer AJ, Artois T, Koblmüller S, Pariselle A, Smeets K, Van Steenberge M, Vanhove MPM. Explosive networking: The role of adaptive host radiations and ecological opportunity in a species-rich host-parasite assembly. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1795-1812. [PMID: 35726545 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many species-rich ecological communities emerge from adaptive radiation events. Yet the effects of adaptive radiation on community assembly remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the well-documented radiations of African cichlid fishes and their interactions with the flatworm gill parasites Cichlidogyrus spp., including 10,529 reported infections and 477 different host-parasite combinations collected through a survey of peer-reviewed literature. We assess how evolutionary, ecological, and morphological parameters determine host-parasite meta-communities affected by adaptive radiation events through network metrics, host repertoire measures, and network link prediction. The hosts' evolutionary history mostly determined host repertoires of the parasites. Ecological and evolutionary parameters predicted host-parasite interactions. Generally, ecological opportunity and fitting have shaped cichlid-Cichlidogyrus meta-communities suggesting an invasive potential for hosts used in aquaculture. Meta-communities affected by adaptive radiations are increasingly specialised with higher environmental stability. These trends should be verified across other systems to infer generalities in the evolution of species-rich host-parasite networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando J Cruz-Laufer
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tom Artois
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Antoine Pariselle
- ISEM, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory "Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome", Research Centre "Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment", Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karen Smeets
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maarten Van Steenberge
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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