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Rodríguez-Santamaría K, Zafra-Mejía CA, Rondón-Quintana HA. Macro-Morphological Traits of Leaves for Urban Tree Selection for Air Pollution Biomonitoring: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:812. [PMID: 36290949 PMCID: PMC9599504 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urban trees provide different ecosystem benefits, such as improving air quality due to the retention of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on their leaves. The main objective of this paper was to study, through a systematic literature review, the leaf macro-morphological traits (LMTs) most used for the selection of urban trees as air pollution biomonitors. A citation frequency index was used in scientific databases, where the importance associated with each variable was organized by quartiles (Q). The results suggest that the most biomonitored air pollutants by the LMTs of urban trees were PM between 1-100 µm (Q1 = 0.760), followed by O3 (Q2 = 0.586), PM2.5 (Q2 = 0.504), and PM10 (Q3 = 0.423). PM was probably the most effective air pollutant for studying and evaluating urban air quality in the context of tree LMTs. PM2.5 was the fraction most used in these studies. The LMTs most used for PM monitoring were leaf area (Q1) and specific leaf area (Q4). These LMTs were frequently used for their easy measurement and quantification. In urban areas, it was suggested that leaf area was directly related to the amount of PM retained on tree leaves. The PM retained on tree leaves was also used to study other f associated urban air pollutants associated (e.g., heavy metals and hydrocarbons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rodríguez-Santamaría
- Grupo de Investigación INDESOS, Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 5 Este #15-82, Bogotá DC E-111711, Colombia
| | - Carlos Alfonso Zafra-Mejía
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental—GIIAUD, Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 5 Este #15-82, Bogotá DC E-111711, Colombia
| | - Hugo Alexander Rondón-Quintana
- Ingeniería Topográfica, Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 5 Este #15-82, Bogotá DC E-111711, Colombia
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2
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Balfour KC, Greco DA, Gridzak R, Piggott G, Schamp B, Aarssen LW. Smaller species experience mild adversity under shading in an old‐field plant community. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9006. [PMID: 35784027 PMCID: PMC9217891 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant competition experiments commonly suggest that larger species have an advantage, primarily in terms of light acquisition. However, within crowded natural vegetation, where competition evidently impacts fitness, most resident species are relatively small. It remains unclear, therefore, whether the size advantage observed in controlled experiments is normally realized in habitats where competition is most intense. We characterized the light environment and tested for evidence of a size advantage in competition for light in an old‐field plant community composed of perennial herbaceous species. We investigated whether larger species contributed to reduced light penetration (i.e., greater shading), and examined the impact of shade on smaller species by testing whether their abundance and richness were lower in plots with less light penetration. Light penetration in plots ranged from 0.3% to 72.4%. Significant effects were more common when analyses focused on small plants that reached reproduction (i.e., flowering rooted units); focusing on only flowering plants (i.e., excluding nonflowering rooted units) can clarify community patterns. Plots with a greater mean species height had significantly lower light penetration, and plots with lower light penetration had significantly lower flowering abundance and richness of small species. However, the impact of shade on the flowering abundance and richness of small species was relatively small (R2 values between 8% and 15%) and depended on how we defined “small species.” Synthesis: Our results confirm that light penetration in herbaceous vegetation can be comparable to levels seen in forests, that plots with taller species cast more shade, and that flowering smaller species are less abundant and diverse in plots where light penetration is low. However, variation in mean plot height explained less than 10% of variation in light penetration, and light penetration explained between 5 and 15% of variation in the flowering abundance and richness of small species. Coupled with the fact that flowering small species were present even within the most heavily shaded plots, our results suggest that any advantage in light competition by large species is limited. One explanation is that at least some small species in these communities are shade‐tolerant. Shade tolerance in predominantly herbaceous communities, particularly among small plant species, requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Balfour
- Department of Biology Queen’s University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | | | - Riley Gridzak
- Department of Biology Queen’s University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Gillian Piggott
- Department of Biology Queen’s University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Brandon S. Schamp
- Department of Biology Algoma University Sault Ste. Marie Ontario Canada
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3
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Miedema Brown L, Anand M. Plant functional traits as measures of ecosystem service provision. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhur Anand
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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4
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Weigelt A, Mommer L, Andraczek K, Iversen CM, Bergmann J, Bruelheide H, Fan Y, Freschet GT, Guerrero-Ramírez NR, Kattge J, Kuyper TW, Laughlin DC, Meier IC, van der Plas F, Poorter H, Roumet C, van Ruijven J, Sabatini FM, Semchenko M, Sweeney CJ, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, York LM, McCormack ML. An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:42-59. [PMID: 34197626 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of trait variation disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework of plant form and function. We developed and tested an overarching conceptual framework that integrates two recently identified root trait gradients with a well-established aboveground plant trait framework. We confronted our novel framework with published relationships between above- and belowground trait analogues and with multivariate analyses of above- and belowground traits of 2510 species. Our traits represent the leaf and root conservation gradients (specific leaf area, leaf and root nitrogen concentration, and root tissue density), the root collaboration gradient (root diameter and specific root length) and the plant size gradient (plant height and rooting depth). We found that an integrated, whole-plant trait space required as much as four axes. The two main axes represented the fast-slow 'conservation' gradient on which leaf and fine-root traits were well aligned, and the 'collaboration' gradient in roots. The two additional axes were separate, orthogonal plant size axes for height and rooting depth. This perspective on the multidimensional nature of plant trait variation better encompasses plant function and influence on the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Karl Andraczek
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Sustainable Grassland Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Paulinenaue, 14641, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station (SETE), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Nathaly R Guerrero-Ramírez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Functional Biogeography, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Thom W Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Laughlin
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, Department of Biology, Universität Hamburg, Barsbüttel-Willinghusen, 22885, Germany
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFE, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, University Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Maria Sabatini
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Marina Semchenko
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Christopher J Sweeney
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- The Root Lab, Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, 60515, USA
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Kelly R, Healy K, Anand M, Baudraz MEA, Bahn M, Cerabolini BEL, Cornelissen JHC, Dwyer JM, Jackson AL, Kattge J, Niinemets Ü, Penuelas J, Pierce S, Salguero-Gómez R, Buckley YM. Climatic and evolutionary contexts are required to infer plant life history strategies from functional traits at a global scale. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:970-983. [PMID: 33638576 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Life history strategies are fundamental to the ecology and evolution of organisms and are important for understanding extinction risk and responses to global change. Using global datasets and a multiple response modelling framework we show that trait-climate interactions are associated with life history strategies for a diverse range of plant species at the global scale. Our modelling framework informs our understanding of trade-offs and positive correlations between elements of life history after accounting for environmental context and evolutionary and trait-based constraints. Interactions between plant traits and climatic context were needed to explain variation in age at maturity, distribution of mortality across the lifespan and generation times of species. Mean age at maturity and the distribution of mortality across plants' lifespan were under evolutionary constraints. These findings provide empirical support for the theoretical expectation that climatic context is key to understanding trait to life history relationships globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kelly
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Environment and Marine Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Kevin Healy
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Rd, Galway, Ireland
| | - Madhur Anand
- Global Ecological Change Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Maude E A Baudraz
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, Varese, IT-21100, Italy
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - John M Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew L Jackson
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, Jena, 07745, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain.,CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, IT-20133, Italy
| | | | - Yvonne M Buckley
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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6
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Cursach J, Rita J, Gómez-Martínez C, Cardona C, Capó M, Lázaro A. The role of landscape composition and heterogeneity on the taxonomical and functional diversity of Mediterranean plant communities in agricultural landscapes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238222. [PMID: 32936803 PMCID: PMC7494112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of agriculture is a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide, through changes generated in the landscape. Despite this, very little is still known about the complex relationships between landscape composition and heterogeneity and plant taxonomical and functional diversity in Mediterranean ecosystems that have been extensively managed during millennia. Although according to the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) plant richness might peak at intermediate disturbance levels, functional diversity might increase with landscape heterogeneity and decrease with the intensity of disturbance. Here, we evaluated the associations of landscape composition (percentage of crops) and heterogeneity (diversity of land-cover classes) with plant taxonomical diversity (richness, diversity, evenness), local contribution to beta diversity, and functional diversity (functional richness, evenness, divergence and dispersion) in 20 wild Olea europaea communities appearing within agricultural landscapes of Mallorca Island (Western Mediterranean Basin). In accordance with the IDH, we found that overall plant richness peaked at intermediate levels of crops in the landscape, whereas plant evenness showed the opposite pattern, because richness peak was mainly related to an increase in scarce ruderal species. Plant communities surrounded by very heterogeneous landscapes were those contributing the most to beta diversity and showing the highest functional richness and evenness, likely because diverse landscapes favour the colonization of new species and traits into the communities. In addition, landscape heterogeneity decreased functional divergence (i.e., increased trait overlap of dominant species) which may enhance community resilience against disturbances through a higher functional redundancy. However, a large extent of agriculture in the landscape might reduce such resilience, as this disturbance acted as an environmental filter that decreased functional dispersion (i.e, remaining species shared similar traits). Overall, our study highlights the importance of considering several indices of taxonomical and functional diversity to deeply understand the complex relationships between ecosystems functions and landscape context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Cursach
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan Rita
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carmelo Gómez-Martínez
- Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carles Cardona
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Centre Forestal de les Illes Balears, Institut Balear de la Natura, Conselleria de Medi Ambient i Territori, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Miquel Capó
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Amparo Lázaro
- Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Patterns of Understory Community Assembly and Plant Trait-Environment Relationships in Temperate SE European Forests. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed variation in the functional composition and diversity of understory plant communities across different forest vegetation types in Slovenia. The study area comprises 10 representative forest sites covering broad gradients of environmental conditions (altitude, geology, light availability, soil type and reaction, nutrient availability, soil moisture), stand structural features and community attributes. The mean and variation of the trait values were quantified by community-weighted means and functional dispersion for four key plant functional traits: plant height, seed mass, specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content. At each study site, forest vegetation was surveyed at two different spatial scales (4 and 100 m2) in order to infer scale-dependent assembly rules. Patterns of community assembly were tested with a null model approach. We found that both trait means and diversity values responded to conspicuous gradients in environmental conditions and species composition across the studied forests. Our results mainly support the idea of abiotic filtering: more stressful environmental conditions (e.g., high altitude, low soil pH and low nutrient content) were occupied by communities of low functional diversity (trait convergence), which suggests a selective effect for species with traits adapted to such harsh conditions. However, trait convergence was also detected in some more resource-rich forest sites (e.g., low altitude, high soil productivity), most likely due to the presence of competitive understory species with high abundance domination. This could, at least to some extent, indicate the filtering effect of competitive interactions. Overall, we observed weak and inconsistent patterns regarding the impact of spatial scale, suggesting that similar assembly mechanisms are operating at both investigated spatial scales. Our findings contribute to the baseline understanding of the role of both abiotic and biotic constraints in forest community assembly, as evidenced by the non-random patterns in the functional structure of distinct temperate forest understories.
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