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Bonfim M, López DP, Repetto MF, Freestone AL. Speed and degree of functional and compositional recovery varies with latitude and community age. Ecology 2024; 105:e4259. [PMID: 38404022 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Rates at which a community recovers after disturbance, or its resilience, can be accelerated by increased net primary productivity and recolonization dynamics such as recruitment. These mechanisms can vary across biogeographic gradients, such as latitude, suggesting that biogeography is likely important to predicting resilience. To test whether community resilience, informed by functional and compositional recovery, hinges on geographic location, we employed a standardized replicated experiment on marine invertebrate communities across four regions from the tropics to the subarctic zone. Communities assembled naturally on standardized substrate while experiencing distinct levels of biomass removal (no removal, low disturbance, and high disturbance), which opened space for new colonizers, thereby providing a pulse of limited resource to these communities. We then quantified functional (space occupancy and biomass) and compositional recovery from these repeated pulse disturbances across two community assembly timescales (early and late at 3 and 12 months, respectively). We documented latitudinal variation in resilience across 47° latitude, where speed of functional recovery was higher toward lower latitudes yet incomplete at late assembly in the tropics and subtropics. The degree of functional recovery did not coincide with compositional recovery, and regional differences in recruitment and growth likely contributed to functional recovery in these communities. While biogeographic variation in community resilience has been predicted, our results are among the first to examine functional and compositional recovery from disturbance in a single large-scale standardized experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bonfim
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana P López
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
| | - Michele F Repetto
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy L Freestone
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
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2
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Amstutz A, Firth LB, Foggo A, Spicer JI, Hanley ME. The north-south divide? Macroalgal functional trait diversity and redundancy varies with intertidal aspect. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:145-152. [PMID: 37971357 PMCID: PMC10921827 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Marine macroalgae ('seaweeds') are critical to coastal ecosystem structure and function, but also vulnerable to the many environmental changes associated with anthropogenic climate change (ACC). The local habitat conditions underpinning observed and predicted ACC-driven changes in intertidal macroalgal communities are complex and probably site-specific and operate in addition to more commonly reported regional factors such as sea surface temperatures. METHODS We examined how the composition and functional trait expression of macroalgal communities in SW England varied with aspect (i.e. north-south orientation) at four sites with opposing Equator- (EF) and Pole-facing (PF) surfaces. Previous work at these sites had established that average annual (low tide) temperatures vary by 1.6 °C and that EF-surfaces experience six-fold more frequent extremes (i.e. >30 °C). KEY RESULTS PF macroalgal communities were consistently more taxon rich; 11 taxa were unique to PF habitats, with only one restricted to EF. Likewise, functional richness and dispersion were greater on PF-surfaces (dominated by algae with traits linked to rapid resource capture and utilization, but low desiccation tolerance), although differences in both taxon and functional richness were probably driven by the fact that less diverse EF-surfaces were dominated by desiccation-tolerant fucoids. CONCLUSIONS Although we cannot disentangle the influence of temperature variation on algal ecophysiology from the indirect effects of aspect on species interactions (niche pre-emption, competition, grazing, etc.), our study system provides an excellent model for understanding how environmental variation at local scales affects community composition and functioning. By virtue of enhanced taxonomic diversity, PF-aspects supported higher functional diversity and, consequently, greater effective functional redundancy. These differences may imbue PF-aspects with resilience against environmental perturbation, but if predicted increases in global temperatures are realized, some PF-sites may shift to a depauperate, desiccation-tolerant seaweed community with a concomitant loss of functional diversity and redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Amstutz
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Andy Foggo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - John I Spicer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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3
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Mayer-Pinto M, Caley A, Knights AM, Airoldi L, Bishop MJ, Brooks P, Coutinho R, Crowe T, Mancuso P, Naval-Xavier LPD, Firth LB, Menezes R, de Messano LVR, Morris R, Ross DJ, Wong JXW, Steinberg P, Strain EMA. Complexity-functioning relationships differ across different environmental conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120370. [PMID: 38387353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Habitat complexity is widely considered an important determinant of biodiversity, and enhancing complexity can play a key role in restoring degraded habitats. However, the effects of habitat complexity on ecosystem functioning - as opposed to biodiversity and community structure - are relatively poorly understood for artificial habitats, which dominate many coastlines. With Greening of Grey Infrastructure (GGI) approaches, or eco-engineering, increasingly being applied around the globe, it is important to understand the effects that modifying habitat complexity has on both biodiversity and ecological functioning in these highly modified habitats. We assessed how manipulating physical (primary substrate) and/or biogenic habitat (bivalves) complexity on intertidal artificial substrata affected filtration rates, net and gross primary productivity (NPP and GPP, respectively) and community respiration (CR) - as well as abundance of filter feeders and macro-algae and habitat use by cryptobenthic fish across six locations in three continents. We manipulated both physical and biogenic complexity using 1) flat or ridged (2.5 cm or 5 cm) settlement tiles that were either 2) unseeded or seeded with oysters or mussels. Across all locations, increasing physical and biogenic complexity (5 cm seeded tiles) had a significant effect on most ecological functioning variables, increasing overall filtration rates and community respiration of the assemblages on tiles but decreasing productivity (both GPP and NPP) across all locations. There were no overall effects of increasing either type of habitat complexity on cryptobenthic fish MaxN, total time in frame or macro-algal cover. Within each location, there were marked differences in the effects of habitat complexity. In Hobart, we found higher filtration, filter feeder biomass and community respiration on 5 cm tiles compared to flat tiles. However, at this location, both macro-algae cover and GPP decreased with increasing physical complexity. Similarly in Dublin, filtration, filter feeder biomass and community respiration were higher on 5 cm tiles compared to less complex tiles. In Sydney, filtration and filter feeder biomass were higher on seeded than unseeded tiles, and fish MaxN was higher on 5 cm tiles compared to flat tiles. On unseeded tiles in Sydney, filter feeder biomass also increased with increasing physical complexity. Our findings suggest that GGI solutions via increased habitat complexity are likely to have trade-offs among potentially desired functions, such as productivity and filtration rates, and variable effects on cryptobenthic fish communities. Importantly, our results show that the effects of GGI practices can vary markedly according to the environmental context and therefore should not be blindly and uniformly applied across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mayer-Pinto
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Amelia Caley
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antony M Knights
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Chioggia Hydrobiological Station "Umberto D'Ancona", Department of Biology, University of Padova, UO CoNISMa, Chioggia, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Paul Brooks
- Earth Institute & School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Coutinho
- Marine Biotechnology Program, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo, Brazil and Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil; Marine Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil
| | - Tasman Crowe
- Earth Institute & School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paolo Mancuso
- Chioggia Hydrobiological Station "Umberto D'Ancona", Department of Biology, University of Padova, UO CoNISMa, Chioggia, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Lais P D Naval-Xavier
- Marine Biotechnology Program, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo, Brazil and Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil; Marine Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Menezes
- Marine Biotechnology Program, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo, Brazil and Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil; Marine Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil
| | - Luciana V R de Messano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Donald J Ross
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Joanne X W Wong
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), Alma Mater Studiorum - Universita' di Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Peter Steinberg
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elisabeth M A Strain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7053, Australia
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Jackson-Bué T, Evans AJ, Lawrence PJ, Brooks PR, Ward SL, Jenkins SR, Moore PJ, Crowe TP, Neill SP, Davies AJ. Habitat structure shapes temperate reef assemblages across regional environmental gradients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167494. [PMID: 37806568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal artificial habitats are proliferating, but are generally simpler in structure and host lower biodiversity than natural rocky reefs. Eco-engineering aims to enhance the biodiversity of coastal infrastructure, often through physical structural modifications that mimic topographic properties of natural shores. Relationships between biotic assemblages and structural properties of natural and artificial reefs have been extensively studied at sampling scales of up to 1 m2. But evidence that quantified local structural variation has an appreciable influence on biotic assemblages, at a shore-wide scale across regional environmental gradients, is lacking. Here we addressed this knowledge gap with an observational study at 32 natural and artificial intertidal reef sites in Wales, UK. We used multivariate community analysis and permutation tests to examine associations between local physical structure, regional environmental variables and sessile biotic assemblages. A potential influence of local habitat structure on assemblage composition was evident across regional-scale environmental gradients. Compared to natural sites, artificial reefs had lower taxonomic richness, distinct and more variable assemblage composition, and different physical structure. After removing the effect of habitat (natural or artificial), canonical correspondence analysis showed that environmental variables (wave exposure, sea surface temperature and salinity variation), along with two metrics of physical structure (standard deviation in log-transformed detrended roughness and skewness of surface verticality, both at 0.5 m scale), explained 40 % of the variation in assemblage composition among sites. The two structural metrics independently explained 14.5 % of the variation. Associations identified between individual taxa and environmental variables indicated that sites with a higher proportion of horizontal surfaces hosted more canopy macroalgae, which in turn support other algae and invertebrates. Our findings provide evidence to inform scaling-up of structural eco-engineering interventions from experimental contexts to enhance the biodiversity of coastal infrastructure across regional extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jackson-Bué
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew St, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK.
| | - Ally J Evans
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Peter J Lawrence
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Cumbria, Ambleside LA22 9BB, UK
| | - Paul R Brooks
- Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie L Ward
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew St, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Stuart R Jenkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew St, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Pippa J Moore
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Tasman P Crowe
- Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon P Neill
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew St, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Andrew J Davies
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Sciences, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
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Sisk-Hackworth L, Brown J, Sau L, Levine AA, Tam LYI, Ramesh A, Shah RS, Kelley-Thackray ET, Wang S, Nguyen A, Kelley ST, Thackray VG. Genetic hypogonadal mouse model reveals niche-specific influence of reproductive axis and sex on intestinal microbial communities. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:79. [PMID: 37932822 PMCID: PMC10626657 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome has been linked to many diseases with sex bias including autoimmune, metabolic, neurological, and reproductive disorders. While numerous studies report sex differences in fecal microbial communities, the role of the reproductive axis in this differentiation is unclear and it is unknown how sex differentiation affects microbial diversity in specific regions of the small and large intestine. METHODS We used a genetic hypogonadal mouse model that does not produce sex steroids or go through puberty to investigate how sex and the reproductive axis impact bacterial diversity within the intestine. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed alpha and beta diversity and taxonomic composition of fecal and intestinal communities from the lumen and mucosa of the duodenum, ileum, and cecum from adult female (n = 20) and male (n = 20) wild-type mice and female (n = 17) and male (n = 20) hypogonadal mice. RESULTS Both sex and reproductive axis inactivation altered bacterial composition in an intestinal section and niche-specific manner. Hypogonadism was significantly associated with bacteria from the Bacteroidaceae, Eggerthellaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Rikenellaceae families, which have genes for bile acid metabolism and mucin degradation. Microbial balances between males and females and between hypogonadal and wild-type mice were also intestinal section-specific. In addition, we identified 3 bacterial genera (Escherichia Shigella, Lachnoclostridium, and Eggerthellaceae genus) with higher abundance in wild-type female mice throughout the intestinal tract compared to both wild-type male and hypogonadal female mice, indicating that activation of the reproductive axis leads to female-specific differentiation of the gut microbiome. Our results also implicated factors independent of the reproductive axis (i.e., sex chromosomes) in shaping sex differences in intestinal communities. Additionally, our detailed profile of intestinal communities showed that fecal samples do not reflect bacterial diversity in the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that sex differences in the gut microbiome are intestinal niche-specific and that sampling feces or the large intestine may miss significant sex effects in the small intestine. These results strongly support the need to consider both sex and reproductive status when studying the gut microbiome and while developing microbial-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sisk-Hackworth
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jada Brown
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lillian Sau
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Reeya S Shah
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sophia Wang
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anita Nguyen
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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de Azevedo CS, Cipreste CF, Pizzutto CS, Young RJ. Review of the Effects of Enclosure Complexity and Design on the Behaviour and Physiology of Zoo Animals. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081277. [PMID: 37106840 PMCID: PMC10135285 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the habitat refers to its physical geometry, which includes abiotic and biotic elements. Habitat complexity is important because it allows more species to coexist and, consequently, more interactions to be established among them. The complexity of the habitat links the physical structure of the enclosure to the biological interactions, which occur within its limits. Enclosure complexity should vary temporally, to be able to influence the animals in different ways, depending on the period of the day and season and throughout the year. In the present paper, we discuss how habitat complexity is important, and how it can positively influence the physical and mental states of zoo animals. We show how habitat complexity can ultimately affect educational projects. Finally, we discuss how we can add complexity to enclosures and, thus, make the lives of animals more interesting and functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n Bauxita, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária Armando Salles de Oliveira, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Robert John Young
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford Manchester, Peel Building-Room G51, Salford M5 4WT, UK
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Baxter T, Coombes M, Viles H. Intertidal biodiversity and physical habitat complexity on historic masonry walls: A comparison with modern concrete infrastructure and natural rocky cliffs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114617. [PMID: 36701972 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Maritime built heritage (e.g., historic seawalls) represents an important component of coastal infrastructure around the world. Despite this, the ecological communities supported by these structures are poorly understood. At seven locations across the UK, we compared the biodiversity and physical habitat characteristics of (1) historic (pre-1900s) masonry walls, (2) concrete walls, and (3) natural rocky cliffs. Historic masonry walls were found to support significantly more species than concrete walls, and in some locations, more diverse communities than nearby rocky cliffs. Nevertheless, community composition remained distinct between the three habitat types at each location. We also found that historic masonry walls provided substantially more cryptic space (i.e., crevices) than both concrete walls and rocky cliffs, and this is positively associated with the ecological value of these structures. Overall, our results suggest that the unique physical properties of historic masonry walls make them an important component of habitat diversity along developed coastlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Baxter
- Oxford Resilient Buildings and Landscapes Lab (OxRBL), School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Martin Coombes
- Oxford Resilient Buildings and Landscapes Lab (OxRBL), School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather Viles
- Oxford Resilient Buildings and Landscapes Lab (OxRBL), School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Schaefer N, Sedano F, Bishop MJ, Dunn K, Haeusler MH, Yu KD, Zavoleas Y, Dafforn KA. Facilitation of non-indigenous ascidian by marine eco-engineering interventions at an urban site. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:80-93. [PMID: 36912169 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2186785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine artificial structures often support lower native species diversity and more non-indigenous species (NIS), but adding complex habitat and using bioreceptive materials have the potential to mitigate these impacts. Here, the interacting effects of structural complexity (flat, complex with pits) and concrete mixture (standard, or with oyster shell or vermiculite aggregate) on recruitment were assessed at two intertidal levels at an urban site. Complex tiles had less green algal cover, oyster shell mixtures had less brown (Ralfsia sp.) algal cover. At a low tidal elevation, the non-indigenous ascidian Styela plicata dominated complex tiles. Additionally, mixtures with oyster shell supported higher total cover of sessile species, and a higher cover of S. plicata. There were no effects of complexity or mixture on biofilm communities and native and NIS richness. Overall, these results suggest that habitat complexity and some bioreceptive materials may facilitate colonisation by a dominant invertebrate invader on artificial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schaefer
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francisco Sedano
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Sevilla, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, España
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Dunn
- Computational Design, School of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Hank Haeusler
- Computational Design, School of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Daniel Yu
- Computational Design, School of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yannis Zavoleas
- Computational Design, School of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Architecture, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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Edmunds PJ, Clayton J. A decade of invertebrate recruitment at Santa Catalina Island, California. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14286. [PMID: 36389429 PMCID: PMC9651044 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine fouling communities have long provided model systems for studying the ecology of community development, and settlement plates are the tool of choice for this purpose. Decades of plate deployments provide a baseline against which present-day trends can be interpreted, with one classic trend being the ultimate dominance of plates by colonial and encrusting taxa. Here we report the results of annual deployments of settlement plates from 2010 to 2021 in the shallow sub-tidal of southern California, where the recruitment of invertebrates and algae was recorded photographically, and resolved to functional group (solitary, encrusting, and arborescent) and the lowest taxon possible. The communities on these plates differed among years, with trends in abundances varying by functional group and taxon; solitary taxa consistently were abundant, but encrusting taxa declined in abundance. Seawater temperature and the subsurface concentration of chlorophyll a differed among years, and there was a weak inverse association between temperature and the abundances of encrusting taxa. Long-term increases in seawater temperature therefore could serve as a mechanism causing fouling communities to change. Because of the prominence of encrusting taxa in fouling communities, the shifts in abundance of this functional group reported here may portend ecologically significant changes in fouling communities exposed to warmer seawater because of an alleviation of competition for a classically limiting resource (i.e., space).
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Bishop MJ, Vozzo ML, Mayer-Pinto M, Dafforn KA. Complexity-biodiversity relationships on marine urban structures: reintroducing habitat heterogeneity through eco-engineering. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210393. [PMID: 35757880 PMCID: PMC9234820 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is leading to biodiversity loss through habitat homogenization. The smooth, featureless surfaces of many marine urban structures support ecological communities, often of lower biodiversity, distinct from the complex natural habitats they replace. Eco-engineering (design for ecological co-benefits) seeks to enhance biodiversity and ecological functions on urban structures. We assessed the benefits to biodiversity of retrofitting four types of complex habitat panels to an intertidal seawall at patch (versus flat control panels) and site (versus unmodified control seawalls and reference rocky shores) scales. Two years after installation, patch-scale effects of complex panels on biodiversity ranged from neutral to positive, depending on the protective features they provided, though all but one design (honeycomb) supported unique species. Water-retaining features (rockpools) and crevices, which provided moisture retention and cooling, increased biodiversity and supported algae and invertebrates otherwise absent. At the site scale, biodiversity benefits ranged from neutral at the high- and mid-intertidal to positive at the low-intertidal elevation. The results highlight the importance of matching eco-engineering interventions to the niche of target species, and environmental conditions. While species richness was greatest on rockpool and crevice panels, the unique species supported by other panel designs highlights that to maximize biodiversity, habitat heterogeneity is essential. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ecological complexity and the biosphere: the next 30 years’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Bishop
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Maria L Vozzo
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Mariana Mayer-Pinto
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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Diversity patterns of lizard assemblages from a protected habitat mosaic in the Brazilian Cerrado savanna. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Differences in habitat complexity and structure can directly influence the composition, diversity, and structure of species assemblages. Measurements of functional and phylogenetic diversity complement the commonly used measurements of taxonomic diversity, elucidating the relationships between species, their traits, and their evolutionary history. In this study, we evaluated how the mosaic of open and forested formations in a federal conservation unit in the western portion of the Brazilian Cerrado savanna influences the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic structure of lizard assemblages. Lizards were sampled for 15 months using pitfall traps set in open and forested formations. We recorded 292 lizards distributed among 16 species from eight families, with species composition differing among the formations. Richness was greater in the assemblages from open formations, while functional diversity and phylogenetic variability were greater in those of forested formations. Lizard assemblages in open formations were functionally and phylogenetically clustered, probably as a result of environmental filters acting on species, while the assemblages from forested formations were randomly structured. Different environmental and historical mechanisms have apparently shaped the current diversity of lizards in the region. This study shows that Cerrado vegetation mosaics can promote wide variation in different aspects of the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic structure from the lizard assemblages.
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McAfee D, Bishop MJ, Williams GA. Temperature-buffering by oyster habitat provides temporal stability for rocky shore communities. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 173:105536. [PMID: 34864513 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal rocky shores are considered among the most thermally stressful marine ecosystems, where many species live close to their upper thermal limit and depend on access to cool microclimates to persist through heat events. In such environments, the provision of cool microclimates by habitat-forming species enables persistence of associated species during high temperature events. We assessed whether, by maintaining cool microclimates through heat events, habitat formed by rock oysters (Saccostrea cucullata) provides temporal stability to associated invertebrate communities over periods of extreme temperatures. On three tropical rocky shores of Hong Kong, which experiences a monsoonal climate, we compared changes in microclimates and invertebrate communities associated with oyster and bare rock habitats between the cool and hot seasons. Oyster habitats were, across both seasons, consistently characterised by lower maximum temperatures and greater thermal stability than bare rock habitats. Invertebrate communities in the bare rock habitat were less diverse and abundant in the hot than the cool season, but communities in the cooler habitats provided by oysters did not display temporal change. These results demonstrate that microclimates formed by oysters provide temporal stability to associated communities across periods of temperature change and are key determinants of species distributions in thermally stressful environments. The conservation and restoration of oyster habitats may, therefore, build resilience in associated ecological communities subject to ongoing environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic McAfee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; The Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Gray A Williams
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Amstutz A, Firth LB, Spicer JI, Hanley ME. Facing up to climate change: Community composition varies with aspect and surface temperature in the rocky intertidal. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 172:105482. [PMID: 34656855 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine rocky intertidal organisms are amongst those most affected by climate change with regional distributional changes observed for many species. Although often ascribed to increased sea surface temperatures, precise assessment of the local habitat conditions underpinning observed and predicted changes in community assembly is lacking. Here we examine how aspect (i.e. north-south orientation) affects intertidal community composition and how rock surface temperatures and stress responses of two dominant grazer species (Patella spp.) elucidate emergent differences. We quantified year-round temperature variation and surveyed intertidal community composition on paired natural rock gullies with Equator- (EF) and Pole-facing (PF) surfaces. We also investigated variation in limpet (Patella spp.) reproductive phenology and osmotic stress. Average annual temperatures were 0.8 °C (1.6 °C at low tide) higher, with six-fold more frequent extremes (i.e. > 30 °C) on EF than PF surfaces. Intertidal community composition varied with aspect across trophic levels with greater overall species richness, abundance of primary producers and grazers on PF-surfaces, and greater barnacle abundance on EF-surfaces. Although species richness of organisms from different biogeographical origins ('Boreal' or 'Lusitanian') did not vary, the Lusitanian limpet Patella depressa exhibited earlier reproductive development on EF-surfaces and both limpet species exhibited greater thermal stress on EF-surfaces. We argue that our study system provides a good model for understanding how temperature variation at local scales can affect community composition, as well as ecophysiological and ecological responses to climate change and so better inform and predict regional range shifts over coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amstutz
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - L B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - J I Spicer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - M E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
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Martins Neto J, Bernardino AF, Netto SA. Rhodolith density influences sedimentary organic matter quantity and biochemical composition, and nematode diversity. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 171:105470. [PMID: 34492367 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhodolith beds increase the seabed complexity and are hotspots of biodiversity. Despite the crucial ecosystem services provided by rhodoliths, they are threatened by global change and local anthropogenic impacts. In this study, conducted on one of the largest beds of calcareous algae in the world located on the continental shelf of eastern Brazil, we tested whether the higher complexity of the seabed within rhodolith beds could explain the spatial biodiversity patterns of free-living nematodes. Our results show that beds with the highest densities of rhodoliths are associated with higher sedimentary organic matter (OM) contents and by a different biochemical composition. The higher OM nutritional quantity and nutritional quality, as shown by higher biopolymeric C contents and higher values of the protein to carbohydrate ratio, respectively, were associated with higher abundance, biomass, and diversity of nematode genera, thus supporting our hypothesis. Though based on a correlative approach, the results of this study suggest that a decrease in density of rhodoliths caused by human impacts may affect benthic biodiversity and, consequently, the range of ecosystem services they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Martins Neto
- Marine Science Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Angelo F Bernardino
- Department of Oceanography, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A Netto
- Marine Science Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil.
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Marques R, Guedes TB, Lanna FM, Passos DC, Silva WPDA, Garda AA. Species richness and distribution patterns of the snake fauna of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191265. [PMID: 34431862 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neotropics are one of the richest regions in biodiversity globally. Still, much remains unknown about the mechanisms and processes responsible for the accumulation of species in this region. Among the many limitations on our current knowledge on the region's biodiversity, understanding of community composition and species distributions is limited and greatly biased in many Brazilian regions. We present information on species composition, habitat use, geographic distribution, taxonomic accounts, and conservation of snakes from Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil. We compiled, from primary and literature data, 851 snake records from seven families and 47 species, with five new records for the state. Species are mainly terrestrial and semi-arboreal and associated with at least six vegetation types from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains. None of the species is listed in threatened categories of IUCN, while two species are listed in the Brazilian Threatened Fauna list. Our data covers 32.34% of the state's area, a consequence of locally limited inventories and lack of long-term studies on snakes' fauna. The richest areas within the state are near large cities, which lack protected areas for the species they harbor, and highlights the necessity of protective policies and conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marques
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Campus I - Cidade Universitaria, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Thaís Barreto Guedes
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Praça Duque de Caxias, s/n, Morro do Alecrim, 65604-380 Caxias, MA, Brazil.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center, Box 461, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Flávia Mol Lanna
- The Ohio state University, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 318 W. 12th Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Cunha Passos
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Biociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, Pres. Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Willianilson Pessoa DA Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Campus I - Cidade Universitaria, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Adrian Antonio Garda
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, 59078-900 Natal, RN, Brazil
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16
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El-Khaled YC, Roth F, Rädecker N, Tilstra A, Karcher DB, Kürten B, Jones BH, Voolstra CR, Wild C. Nitrogen fixation and denitrification activity differ between coral- and algae-dominated Red Sea reefs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11820. [PMID: 34083565 PMCID: PMC8175748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs experience phase shifts from coral- to algae-dominated benthic communities, which could affect the interplay between processes introducing and removing bioavailable nitrogen. However, the magnitude of such processes, i.e., dinitrogen (N2) fixation and denitrification levels, and their responses to phase shifts remain unknown in coral reefs. We assessed both processes for the dominant species of six benthic categories (hard corals, soft corals, turf algae, coral rubble, biogenic rock, and reef sands) accounting for > 98% of the benthic cover of a central Red Sea coral reef. Rates were extrapolated to the relative benthic cover of the studied organisms in co-occurring coral- and algae-dominated areas of the same reef. In general, benthic categories with high N2 fixation exhibited low denitrification activity. Extrapolated to the respective reef area, turf algae and coral rubble accounted for > 90% of overall N2 fixation, whereas corals contributed to more than half of reef denitrification. Total N2 fixation was twice as high in algae- compared to coral-dominated areas, whereas denitrification levels were similar. We conclude that algae-dominated reefs promote new nitrogen input through enhanced N2 fixation and comparatively low denitrification. The subsequent increased nitrogen availability could support net productivity, resulting in a positive feedback loop that increases the competitive advantage of algae over corals in reefs that experienced a phase shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf C El-Khaled
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Florian Roth
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23995, Saudi Arabia
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nils Rädecker
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23995, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arjen Tilstra
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Denis B Karcher
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kürten
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23995, Saudi Arabia
- Project Management Jülich, Jülich Research Centre GmbH, 18069, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burton H Jones
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian R Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23995, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian Wild
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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17
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Cao K, Condit R, Mi X, Chen L, Ren H, Xu W, Burslem DFRP, Cai C, Cao M, Chang LW, Chu C, Cui F, Du H, Ediriweera S, Gunatilleke CSV, Gunatilleke IUAN, Hao Z, Jin G, Li J, Li B, Li Y, Liu Y, Ni H, O'Brien MJ, Qiao X, Shen G, Tian S, Wang X, Xu H, Xu Y, Yang L, Yap SL, Lian J, Ye W, Yu M, Su SH, Chang-Yang CH, Guo Y, Li X, Zeng F, Zhu D, Zhu L, Sun IF, Ma K, Svenning JC. Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in beta-diversity. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20203045. [PMID: 33849320 PMCID: PMC8059527 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in species richness at higher latitudes is among the most fundamental patterns in ecology. Whether changes in species composition across space (beta-diversity) contribute to this gradient of overall species richness (gamma-diversity) remains hotly debated. Previous studies that failed to resolve the issue suffered from a well-known tendency for small samples in areas with high gamma-diversity to have inflated measures of beta-diversity. Here, we provide a novel analytical test, using beta-diversity metrics that correct the gamma-diversity and sampling biases, to compare beta-diversity and species packing across a latitudinal gradient in tree species richness of 21 large forest plots along a large environmental gradient in East Asia. We demonstrate that after accounting for topography and correcting the gamma-diversity bias, tropical forests still have higher beta-diversity than temperate analogues. This suggests that beta-diversity contributes to the latitudinal species richness gradient as a component of gamma-diversity. Moreover, both niche specialization and niche marginality (a measure of niche spacing along an environmental gradient) also increase towards the equator, after controlling for the effect of topographical heterogeneity. This supports the joint importance of tighter species packing and larger niche space in tropical forests while also demonstrating the importance of local processes in controlling beta-diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - Richard Condit
- Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rte. 53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
| | - Haibao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
| | - Wubing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David F. R. P. Burslem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Chunrong Cai
- Institue of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
| | - Li-Wan Chang
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nanhai Road, Taipei 100051
| | | | - Fuxin Cui
- Institue of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040
| | - Hu Du
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Zhanqing Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072
| | - Guangze Jin
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040
| | - Jinbo Li
- Institue of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040
| | - Buhang Li
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
| | - Yide Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520
| | - Yankun Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Forestry Ecological Engineering, Heilongjiang Forestry Engineering and Environment Institute, Harbin 150040
| | - Hongwei Ni
- Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin 150081
| | - Michael J. O'Brien
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/ Tulipán s/n., E-28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
| | | | - Songyan Tian
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Forestry Ecological Engineering, Heilongjiang Forestry Engineering and Environment Institute, Harbin 150040
| | - Xihua Wang
- East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520
| | - Yaozhan Xu
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
| | - Libing Yang
- Institue of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040
| | - Sandra L. Yap
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City PH 1101, Philippines
| | - Juyu Lian
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
| | - Wanhui Ye
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
| | - Mingjian Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Sheng-Hsin Su
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nanhai Road, Taipei 100051
| | | | - Yili Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006
| | - Xiankun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006
| | | | - Daoguang Zhu
- Institue of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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White JY, Walsh CJ. Catchment-scale urbanization diminishes effects of habitat complexity on instream macroinvertebrate assemblages. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02199. [PMID: 32585064 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While provision of in-stream habitat complexity remains common practice in efforts to restore streams, the evidence of positive effects on in-stream communities is inconsistent. In streams of urban catchments, where both reach-scale habitat manipulation and catchment-scale actions to ameliorate the disturbance regime of urban stormwater runoff are common management responses, clearer understanding of the effects of habitat complexity under different degrees of urban impact are needed. We experimentally assessed the effect of increased surface complexity in wood, the dominant hard substrate in our 18 study reaches on 14 small streams, on in-stream macroinvertebrate assemblages across a range of urban impact. Increased surface complexity increased abundance of most taxa, but this effect was less pronounced in urban streams, partly because of the reduced species pool tolerant of urban stormwater impacts, and partly because of a lesser response of some species to increased complexity in more urban streams. Collectively these taxon-specific effects resulted in small, uncertain increases in taxon richness with increased complexity in rural streams, and no change in richness of the less diverse assemblages of urban streams. Increased abundances suggest increased availability of refugia or resources with increased surface complexity, while the reduced effect of complexity in urban streams suggests that any refuge or resource provided by greater surface complexity is less effective in more disturbed environments receiving urban stormwater runoff. The reduced abundance of sensitive taxa in more urban streams, and the resultant reduced richness, confirms that urban stormwater runoff acts as a strong environmental filter, limiting the species pool available for community assembly. Restoration of habitat complexity in streams without catchment-scale drivers of degradation is likely to have positive benefits to in-stream biotic assemblages, but the efficacy of such approaches in catchments subject to urban stormwater runoff will be greatly diminished. In such cases, restoration activities should first be aimed at controlling the larger-scale problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y White
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Walsh
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Huhn M, Madduppa HH, Khair M, Sabrian A, Irawati Y, Anggraini NP, Wilkinson SP, Simpson T, Iwasaki K, Setiamarga DHE, Dias PJ. Keeping up with introduced marine species at a remote biodiversity hotspot: awareness, training and collaboration across different sectors is key. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Roth F, Saalmann F, Thomson T, Coker DJ, Villalobos R, Jones BH, Wild C, Carvalho S. Coral reef degradation affects the potential for reef recovery after disturbance. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 142:48-58. [PMID: 30274715 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of coral cover is often accompanied by an increase of benthic algae, a decline in biodiversity and habitat complexity. However, it remains unclear how surrounding communities influence the trajectories of re-colonization between pulse disturbance events. Over a 12-month field experiment in the central Red Sea, we examined how healthy (hard-coral dominated) and degraded (algae-dominated) reef areas influence recruitment and succession patterns of benthic reef foundation communities on bare substrates. Crustose coralline algae and other calcifiers were important colonizers in the healthy reef area, promoting the accumulation of inorganic carbon. Contrary, substrates in the degraded area were predominantly colonized by turf algae, lowering the accumulation of inorganic carbon by 178%. While coral larvae settlement similarly occurred in both habitats, degraded areas showed 50% fewer recruits. Our findings suggest that in degraded reefs the replenishment of adult coral populations is reduced due to recruitment inhibition through limited habitat complexity and grazing pressure, thereby restraining reef recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Roth
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - F Saalmann
- Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28369, Bremen, Germany
| | - T Thomson
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - D J Coker
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Villalobos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - B H Jones
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Wild
- Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28369, Bremen, Germany
| | - S Carvalho
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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