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Reed ER, Chandler KB, Lopez P, Costello CE, Andersen SL, Perls TT, Li M, Bae H, Soerensen M, Monti S, Sebastiani P. Cross-platform proteomics signatures of extreme old age. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01286-x. [PMID: 39048883 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In previous work, we used a SomaLogic platform targeting approximately 5000 proteins to generate a serum protein signature of centenarians that we validated in independent studies that used the same technology. We set here to validate and possibly expand the results by profiling the serum proteome of a subset of individuals included in the original study using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Following pre-processing, the LC-MS/MS data provided quantification of 398 proteins, with only 266 proteins shared by both platforms. At 1% FDR statistical significance threshold, the analysis of LC-MS/MS data detected 44 proteins associated with extreme old age, including 23 of the original analysis. To identify proteins for which associations between expression and extreme-old age were conserved across platforms, we performed inter-study conservation testing of the 266 proteins quantified by both platforms using a method that accounts for the correlation between the results. From these tests, a total of 80 proteins reached 5% FDR statistical significance, and 26 of these proteins had concordant pattern of gene expression in whole blood generated in an independent set. This signature of 80 proteins points to blood coagulation, IGF signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and complement cascade as important pathways whose protein level changes provide evidence for age-related adjustments that distinguish centenarians from younger individuals. The comparison with blood transcriptomics also highlights a possible role for neutrophil degranulation in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Reed
- Data Intensive Study Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin B Chandler
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Prisma Lopez
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengze Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harold Bae
- Biostatistics Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mette Soerensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefano Monti
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Data Intensive Study Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Reed ER, Chandler KB, Lopez P, Costello CE, Andersen SL, Perls TT, Li M, Bae H, Soerensen M, Monti S, Sebastiani P. Cross-platform proteomics signatures of extreme old age. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588876. [PMID: 38645061 PMCID: PMC11030369 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In previous work we used a Somalogic platform targeting approximately 5000 proteins to generate a serum protein signature of centenarians that we validated in independent studies that used the same technology. We set here to validate and possibly expand the results by profiling the serum proteome of a subset of individuals included in the original study using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Following pre-processing, the LC-MS/MS data provided quantification of 398 proteins, with only 266 proteins shared by both platforms. At 1% FDR statistical significance threshold, the analysis of LC-MS/MS data detected 44 proteins associated with extreme old age, including 23 of the original analysis. To identify proteins for which associations between expression and extreme-old age were conserved across platforms, we performed inter-study conservation testing of the 266 proteins quantified by both platforms using a method that accounts for the correlation between the results. From these tests, a total of 80 proteins reached 5% FDR statistical significance, and 26 of these proteins had concordant pattern of gene expression in whole blood. This signature of 80 proteins points to blood coagulation, IGF signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and complement cascade as important pathways whose protein level changes provide evidence for age-related adjustments that distinguish centenarians from younger individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Reed
- Data Intensive Study Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin B Chandler
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Prisma Lopez
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengze Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harold Bae
- Biostatistics Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mette Soerensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefano Monti
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Data Intensive Study Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Rafaqat S. Adipokines and Their Role in Heart Failure: A Literature Review. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2023; 14:5657-5669. [PMID: 38058391 PMCID: PMC10697129 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2023.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for heart failure (HF). The relationship between adipokines and HF has been implicated in many previous studies and reviews. However, this review article summarizes the basic role of major adipokines, such as apelin, adiponectin, chemerin, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), vaspin, visfatin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, nesfatin-1, progranulin, leptin, omentin-1, lipocalin-2, and follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), in the pathogenesis of HF. Apelin is reduced in patients with HF and upregulated following favorable left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Higher levels of adiponectin have been found in patients with HF compared to in control patients. Also, high plasma chemerin levels are linked to a higher risk of HF. Serum resistin is related to the severity of HF and associated with a high risk for adverse cardiac events. Evidence indicates that RBP4 can contribute to inflammation and damage heart muscle cells, potentially leading to HF. Vaspin might stop the progression of cardiac degeneration, fibrosis, and HF according to experiments on rats with experimental isoproterenol-induced chronic HF. The serum concentrations of visfatin are significantly lower in patients with systolic HF. Leptin levels were found to be correlated with low LV mass and myocardial stiffness, both of which are significant risk factors for the development of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Measuring serum omentin-1 levels appears to be a novel prognostic indicator for risk stratification in HF patients. Increased expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in both systemic circulation and myocardium in clinical and experimental HF suggests that innate immune responses may contribute to the development of HF. FSTL1 was elevated in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and associated with an increase in the size of the left ventricle of the heart. However, other adipokines, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, nesfatin-1, and progranulin, have not yet been studied for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Rafaqat
- Department of Zoology (Molecular Physiology), Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Martín-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro-Jiménez E, Laborde-Cárdenas CC, Tornero-Aguilera JF. The Role of Adipokines in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051290. [PMID: 37238961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that has been related to a low-grade state of inflammation and different pathologies. The present review aims to analyze the role of adipokines in health and disease in order to understand the important functions and effects of these cytokines. For this aim, the present review delves into the type of adipocytes and the cytokines produced, as well as their functions; the relations of adipokines in inflammation and different diseases such as cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, mental diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, and eating behaviors; and finally, the role of microbiota, nutrition, and physical activity in adipokines is discussed. This information would allow for a better understanding of these important cytokines and their effects on body organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
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Hu L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xuan J, Yang J, Wang J, Wei B. A Prognostic Model for In-Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Pneumonia. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:6441-6450. [PMID: 36349215 PMCID: PMC9637337 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s377411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the utility of a novel serum biomarker for the outcome prediction of critically ill patients with pneumonia. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis of critically ill patients was performed at an emergency department. The expression and prediction value of parameters were assessed. Binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the indicators associated with in-hospital mortality of pneumonia patients. The Last Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator was used to further determine the independent predictors, which were validated by multiple logistic regression. The receiver operator characteristic curve was performed to assess their prediction values. A prognostic nomogram model was finally established for the outcome prediction for critically ill patients with pneumonia. Results Retinol-binding protein (RBP) was significantly reduced in non-survived and pneumonia patients. CURB-65 score, levels of RBP, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were associated with in-hospital mortality of critically ill patients with pneumonia. Their combination was determined to be an ideal prognostic predictor (area under the curve of 0.762) and further developed into a nomogram prediction model (c-index 0.764). Conclusion RBP is a novel in-hospital mortality predictor, which well supplements the CURB-65 score for critical pneumonia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Xuan
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Junyu Wang; Bing Wei, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Jingxi Branch, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100043, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Bing Wei
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Yidilisi A, Xu Y, Dong Q, Jiang J. Causal Associations Between Circulating Adipokines and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2572-e2580. [PMID: 35134201 PMCID: PMC9113792 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Observational studies have suggested associations between adipokines and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the roles of certain adipokines remain controversial, and these associations have not yet been ascertained causally. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether circulating adipokines causally affect the risk of CVD using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Independent genetic variants strongly associated with adiponectin, resistin, chemerin, and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were selected from public genome-wide association studies. Summary-level statistics for CVD, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), and stroke and its subtypes were collected. The inverse-variance weighted and Wald ratio methods were used for the MR estimates. The MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, weighted median, MR-Egger, leave-one-out analysis, MR Steiger, and colocalization analyses were used in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Genetically predicted resistin levels were positively associated with AF risk (odds ratio [OR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.13; P = 4.1 × 10-5), which was attenuated to null after adjusting for blood pressure. We observed suggestive associations between higher genetically predicted chemerin levels and an increased risk of CAD (OR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.60; P = 0.040), higher genetically predicted RBP4 levels and an increased risk of HF (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27; P = 0.024). There was no causal association between genetically predicted adiponectin levels and CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal the causal association between resistin and AF, probably acting through blood pressure, and suggest potential causal associations between chemerin and CAD, RBP4, and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abuduwufuer Yidilisi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qichao Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Shan H, Ji Y, Gu H, Li H, Zhu J, Feng Y, Peng H, You T, Gu X. Elevated Serum Retinol Binding Protein 4 is Associated with the Risk of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:115. [PMID: 39076230 PMCID: PMC11273979 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2304115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), a biomarker for insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (DM), is increased in heart failure. This case-control study aims to determine the association between serum RBP4 levels and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Demographic and clinical data were obtained from 245 DM patients and 102 non-diabetic controls. RBP4 levels were measured using ELISA. The association between RBP4 and DCM was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) in DM patients. Results We showed that serum RBP4 levels were higher in DCM patients than in DM patients without DCM or the controls. Multivariate analysis adjusted by age, gender, body mass index, diabetes duration, left ventricular ejection fraction, insulin treatment, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and log N-terminal proBNP showed a significant association between RBP4 and DCM (highest vs. lowest tertile OR 16.87, 95% CI: 6.58, 43.23, p < 0.001). RCS displayed a positive linear correlation between RBP4 levels and the risk of DCM in diabetes (p = 0.004). Adding RBP4 to a basic risk model for DCM improved the reclassification (Net reclassification index: 87.86%, 95% CI: 64.4%, 111.32%, p < 0.001). Conclusions The positive association between serum RBP4 and DCM suggested the role of RBP4 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing DCM in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjing Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibo Gu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao You
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ji Y, Song J, Su T, Gu X. Adipokine Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856298. [PMID: 35309061 PMCID: PMC8924404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been increasing year by year all over the world and expanding greatly to the younger population, which becomes the leading causes of death globally that threatens human life safety. Prediction of the occurrence of diseases by using risk related adverse events is crucial for screening and early detection of CVDs. Thus, the discovery of new biomarkers that related to risks of CVDs are of urgent in the field. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a 21-kDa adipokine, mainly secreted by adipocytes. Besides its well-established function in the induction of insulin resistance, it has also been found in recent years to be closely associated with CVDs and other risk factors, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. In this review, we mainly focus on the progress of research that establishes the correlation between RBP4 and CVDs and the corresponding major risk factors in recent years.
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Wong YK, Tse HF. Circulating Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:713191. [PMID: 34660715 PMCID: PMC8517145 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.713191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Risk assessment is crucial for identifying at-risk individuals who require immediate attention as well as to guide the intensity of medical therapy to reduce subsequent risk of CVD. In the past decade, many risk prediction models have been proposed to estimate the risk of developing CVD. However, in patients with a history of CVD, the current models that based on traditional risk factors provide limited power in predicting recurrent cardiovascular events. Several biomarkers from different pathophysiological pathways have been identified to predict cardiovascular events, and the incorporation of biomarkers into risk assessment may contribute to enhance risk stratification in secondary prevention. This review focuses on biomarkers related to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, lipocalin-2, fibroblast growth factor 19 and 21, retinol-binding protein 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and discusses the potential utility of these biomarkers in cardiovascular risk prediction among patients with CVD. Many of these biomarkers have shown promise in improving risk prediction of CVD. Further research is needed to assess the validity of biomarker and whether the strategy for incorporating biomarker into clinical practice may help to optimize decision-making and therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Kwun Wong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Hong Kong University Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Retinol-Binding Protein-4-A Predictor of Insulin Resistance and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090858. [PMID: 34571734 PMCID: PMC8468650 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the fundamental cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which leads to endothelial dysfunction and alters systemic lipid metabolism. The changes in the endothelium and lipid metabolism result in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). In insulin-resistant and atherosclerotic CAD states, serum cytokine retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) levels are elevated. The adipocyte-specific deletion of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) results in higher RBP-4 expression and IR and atherosclerotic CAD progression. (2) Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association of RBP-4 and clinical factors with IR and the severity of CAD. (3) Methods: Patients were recruited from diabetes and cardiology clinics and divided into three subgroups, namely (i) T2D patients with CAD, (ii) T2D-only patients, and (iii) CAD-only patients. The severity of CAD was classified as either single-vessel disease (SVD), double-vessel disease (DVD), or triple-vessel disease (TVD). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to assess the concentration of serum RBP-4. Univariate (preliminary analysis) and multivariate (secondary analysis) logistic regressions were applied to assess the associations of RBP-4 and clinical factors with IR and the severity of CAD. (4) Results: Serum RBP-4 levels were associated with IR and the severity of CAD in all the three groups (all p-values are less than 0.05). Specifically, serum RBP-4 levels were associated with IR (p = 0.030) and the severity of CAD (SVD vs. DVD, p = 0.044; SVD vs. TVD, p = 0.036) in T2D patients with CAD. The clinical factors fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) were also associated with both IR and the severity of CAD in T2D patients with CAD. (5) Conclusion: RBP-4, FPG, and ACEI are predictors of IR and severity of CAD in T2D patients with CAD.
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Low Levels of Serum Fetuin-A and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Correlate with Lipoprotein Subfractions in Morbid Obese and Lean Non-Diabetic Subjects. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090881. [PMID: 34575030 PMCID: PMC8471801 DOI: 10.3390/life11090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fetuin-A and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are secreted as both hepatokine and adipokine. These are involved in insulin resistance, obesity-related dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. To date, correlations of circulating fetuin-A and RBP4 with lipoprotein subfractions as well as high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-linked proteins have not been entirely investigated in morbid obese and lean non-diabetic subjects. Methods: One-hundred obese non-diabetic patients (body mass index, BMI: 42.5 ± 8.1 kg/m2) along with 32 gender and age-matched normal weight controls (BMI: 24.5 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were enrolled in our study. Serum fetuin-A and RBP4 were measured by ELISA. Lipoprotein subfractions were distributed by Lipoprint gelelectrophoresis. Results: Serum fetuin-A and RBP4 were unexpectedly lower in obese patients (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively) compared to controls and correlated with each other (r = 0.37; p < 0.001). Fetuin-A had positive correlations with HDL-C (r = 0.22; p = 0.02), apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) (r = 0.33; p < 0.001), very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) subfraction (r = 0.18; p = 0.05), and large HDL subfraction levels (r = 0.3; p = 0.001) but did not show correlation with carbohydrate parameters in all subjects. RBP4 correlated positively with HDL-C (r = 0.2; p = 0.025), apoAI (r = 0.23; p = 0.01), VLDL subfraction (r = 0.37; p < 0.001), intermediate HDL subfraction (r = 0.23; p = 0.01), and small HDL subfraction (r = 0.21; p = 0.02) concentrations, as well as C-peptide levels in overall participants. Backward stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that serum fetuin-A concentration is best predicted by RBP4 and large HDL subfraction. In model 2, VLDL subfraction was the independent predictor of serum RBP4 level. Conclusions: Our data may indicate a potential role of fetuin-A and RBP4 in impaired lipoprotein metabolism associated with obesity.
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Nono Nankam PA, Blüher M. Retinol-binding protein 4 in obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111312. [PMID: 33957191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive increased adipose tissue mass in obesity is associated with numerous co-morbid disorders including increased risk of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, dementia, airway disease and some cancers. The causal mechanisms explaining these associations are not fully understood. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes many adipokines, cytokines and releases metabolites. These biomolecules referred to as adipocytokines play a significant role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolism by influencing and altering target tissues function. Understanding the mechanisms of adipocytokine actions represents a hot topic in obesity research. Among several secreted bioactive signalling molecules from adipose tissue and liver, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Here, we aim to review and discuss the current knowledge on RBP4 with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of obesity comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
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13
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Kanapeckaitė A, Burokienė N. Insights into therapeutic targets and biomarkers using integrated multi-'omics' approaches for dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathies. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:121-137. [PMID: 33969404 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At present, heart failure (HF) treatment only targets the symptoms based on the left ventricle dysfunction severity; however, the lack of systemic 'omics' studies and available biological data to uncover the heterogeneous underlying mechanisms signifies the need to shift the analytical paradigm towards network-centric and data mining approaches. This study, for the first time, aimed to investigate how bulk and single cell RNA-sequencing as well as the proteomics analysis of the human heart tissue can be integrated to uncover HF-specific networks and potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers. We also aimed to address the issue of dealing with a limited number of samples and to show how appropriate statistical models, enrichment with other datasets as well as machine learning-guided analysis can aid in such cases. Furthermore, we elucidated specific gene expression profiles using transcriptomic and mined data from public databases. This was achieved using the two-step machine learning algorithm to predict the likelihood of the therapeutic target or biomarker tractability based on a novel scoring system, which has also been introduced in this study. The described methodology could be very useful for the target or biomarker selection and evaluation during the pre-clinical therapeutics development stage as well as disease progression monitoring. In addition, the present study sheds new light into the complex aetiology of HF, differentiating between subtle changes in dilated cardiomyopathies (DCs) and ischemic cardiomyopathies (ICs) on the single cell, proteome and whole transcriptome level, demonstrating that HF might be dependent on the involvement of not only the cardiomyocytes but also on other cell populations. Identified tissue remodelling and inflammatory processes can be beneficial when selecting targeted pharmacological management for DCs or ICs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neringa Burokienė
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Rychter AM, Skrzypczak-Zielińska M, Zielińska A, Eder P, Souto EB, Zawada A, Ratajczak AE, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Is the Retinol-Binding Protein 4 a Possible Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases in Obesity? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5229. [PMID: 32718041 PMCID: PMC7432399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many preventive and treatment approaches have been proposed, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Current epidemiological data require the specification of new causative factors, as well as the development of improved diagnostic tools to provide better cardiovascular management. Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue among patients suffering from obesity not only constitutes one of the main risk factors of CVD development but also alters adipokines. Increased attention is devoted to bioactive adipokines, which are also produced by the adipose tissue. The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with numerous CVDs and is presumably associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. With this in mind, exploring the role of RBP4, particularly among patients with obesity, could be a promising direction and could lead to better CVD prevention and management in this patient group. In our review, we summarized the current knowledge about RBP4 and its association with essential aspects of cardiovascular disease-lipid profile, intima-media thickness, atherosclerotic process, and diet. We also discussed the RBP4 gene polymorphisms essential from a cardiovascular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Rychter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (P.E.); (A.Z.); (A.E.R.); (A.D.); (I.K.-K.)
| | | | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.-Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (P.E.); (A.Z.); (A.E.R.); (A.D.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (P.E.); (A.Z.); (A.E.R.); (A.D.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Alicja Ewa Ratajczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (P.E.); (A.Z.); (A.E.R.); (A.D.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (P.E.); (A.Z.); (A.E.R.); (A.D.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (P.E.); (A.Z.); (A.E.R.); (A.D.); (I.K.-K.)
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Li XZ, Zhang KZ, Yan JJ, Wang L, Wang Y, Shen XY, Sun HX, Liu L, Zhao C, He HW, Wang LS, Gao W, Lu X. Serum retinol-binding protein 4 as a predictor of cardiovascular events in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:542-550. [PMID: 31965727 PMCID: PMC7160478 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS RBP4 is an adipokine with adverse effects on cardiovascular system. Increased circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been linked to chronic heart failure (CHF). However, whether elevated RBP4 is correlated with a poor prognosis in elderly patients with CHF remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of serum RBP4 in elderly patients with CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 934 consecutive elderly patients (aged 60 years and older) with CHF and 138 age-matched and sex-matched control subjects in a prospective cohort study and explored the association of serum RBP4 levels with the clinical outcomes using multivariate Cox regression analyses. Serum RBP4 levels were elevated in CHF patients when compared with controls (46.66 ± 12.38 μg/mL vs. 40.71 ± 7.2 μg/mL, P < 0.001). Patients with the highest RBP4 concentrations had higher N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels but lower left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.001). Serum RBP4 levels were increased as the New York Heart Association functional class increased and LVEF decreased (P < 0.001) and were negatively correlated with LVEF (r = -0.154, P < 0.001) but positively correlated with NT-proBNP levels (r = 0.074, P = 0.023). Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that log RBP4 was an independent predictor for major adverse cardiac event(s) [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-5.70], together with age, male, LVEF, log NT-proBNP, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Moreover, log RBP4 was also an independent predictor for cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.35-5.39) and CHF rehospitalization (HR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.09-5.60) even after adjustment for the established adverse prognostic factors for CHF. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high concentration of RBP4 was a prognostic indicator of major adverse cardiac event(s) in patients with CHF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate for the first time that elevated serum RBP4 is correlated with worse outcome in elderly patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Zhen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Yu Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Xian Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Wei He
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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