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Simpson E, Scott D, Chandler P. The male-specific histocompatibility antigen, H-Y: a history of transplantation, immune response genes, sex determination and expression cloning. Annu Rev Immunol 1997; 15:39-61. [PMID: 9143681 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
H-Y was originally discovered as a transplantation antigen. In vivo primary skin graft responses to H-Y are controlled by immune response (Ir) genes mapping to the MHC. In vitro T cell responses to H-Y are controlled by MHC class I and II Ir genes, which-respectively, restrict CD8 and CD4 T cells: These can be isolated as T cell clones in vitro. T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice have been made from the rearranged TCR genes of several of these, of which that specific for H-Y/Db is the best studied. Non-MHC Ir genes also contribute to the control of in vitro CTL responses to H-Y. The Hya/HYA gene(s) encoding H-Y antigen have been mapped using translocations, mutations, and deletions to Yq in humans and to the short arm of the Y chromosome in mice, where they lie in the deletion defined by the Sxrb mutation between Zfy-1 and Zfy-2. Hya/HYA has been separated from the testis-determining gene, Sry/SRY, in both humans and mice and in humans the azoospermia factor AZF has been separated from HYA. In mice transfection of cosmids and cDNAs mapping to the Sxrb deletion has identified two genes encoding H-Y peptide epitopes. Two such epitopes, H-Y/K(k) and H-Y/D(k), are encoded within different exons of Smcy and a third, H-Y/D(b), by a novel gene, Uty. Peptide elution approaches have isolated a human H-Y epitope, H-Y/HLA-B7, and identified it as a product of SMCY. Each of the Hya genes in mice is ubiquitously expressed but of unknown function. Their X chromosome homologues do not undergo X inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Simpson
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Chandler P, Fairchild S, Simpson E. H-Y responses of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS 1988; 15:321-30. [PMID: 3076593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1988.tb00435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were tested for their ability to make responses to the male-specific (H-Y) transplantation antigen. In vivo assessment of this ability was made using skin graft rejection. A proportion (60%) spontaneously rejected NOD male tail skin by 80 days post-transplantation. The detection of the generation of H-Y-specific cytotoxic T cells, following in vivo priming and secondary in vitro restimulation, was carried out using a conventional 51Cr release assay. Female NOD mice primed either by skin grafting, intraperitoneal (i.p.) or footpad (f.p.) injection of male NOD spleen cells could be induced to make anti-H-Y cytotoxic responses, but not every immunized mouse responded. The nature of the H-Y-reactive T cells was investigated further by the in vitro isolation of T-cell clones of which some were H-Y specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chandler
- Transplantation Biology Section, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K
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Boog CJ, Boes J, Melief CJ. Stimulation with dendritic cells decreases or obviates the CD4+ helper cell requirement in cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Eur J Immunol 1988; 18:219-23. [PMID: 2965021 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830180206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the need for CD4+ helper T (Th) cells in the induction of murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte (Tc) responses across minor or major histocompatibility (MHC) antigenic differences with either normal spleen cells (NSC) or purified dendritic cells (DC) as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Generation of a secondary in vitro class II MHC-specific Tc response was totally CD4+ Th cell-dependent with both types of APC. Likewise, male antigen (H-Y)-primed class II mutant bm12 T cells, which do not respond to H-Y presented on NSC, do respond to H-Y presented on DC in a completely CD4+ Th cell-dependent fashion. All other Tc responses, including primary anti-class I MHC, primary anti-class I + II MHC plus anti-minor H, and secondary C57BL/6 (B6) anti-H-Y, although not completely CD4+ Th cell dependent, were greatly augmented in the presence of CD4+ Th cells, but only with NSC as APC. In contrast, with DC as APC these responses were entirely or largely CD4+ Th cell independent. Similarly, H-Y primed class I MHC mutant bm14 T cells, which do not respond to H-Y presented on NSC, do respond to H-Y presented on DC in a completely CD4+ Th cell-independent fashion. The combined results indicate that DC can directly present class I MHC alloantigen or class I MHC plus nominal antigen (e.g. minor H) to CD8+ cells and generate a Tc response by these cells without the requirement for CD4+ Th cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Boog
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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Rosenberg AS, Mizuochi T, Sharrow SO, Singer A. Phenotype, specificity, and function of T cell subsets and T cell interactions involved in skin allograft rejection. J Exp Med 1987; 165:1296-315. [PMID: 2437237 PMCID: PMC2188316 DOI: 10.1084/jem.165.5.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we used an adoptive transfer model with athymic nude mice to characterize the T cells involved in initiating and mediating skin allograft rejection. It was found that skin allograft rejection in nude mice required the transfer of immunocompetent T cells and that such reconstitution did not itself stimulate the appearance of T cells derived from the nude host. Reconstitution with isolated populations of Lyt-2+/L3T4- T cells resulted in the rapid rejection of MHC class I-disparate skin allografts, whereas reconstitution with isolated populations of L3T4+/Lyt-2- T cells resulted in the rapid rejection of MHC class II-disparate and minor H-disparate skin allografts. By correlating these rejection responses with the functional capabilities of antigen-specific T cells contained within the reconstituting Lyt-2+ and L3T4+ T cell populations, it was noted that skin allografts were only rejected by mice that, as shown by in vitro assessment, contained both lymphokine-secreting Th cells and lymphokine-responsive Tk cells specific for the alloantigens of the graft. The ability of two such functionally distinct T cell subsets to interact in vivo to reject skin allografts was directly demonstrated in H-Y-specific rejection responses by taking advantage of the fact that H-Y-specific Th cells are L3T4+ while H-Y specific Tk cells are Lyt-2+. Finally, the importance of in vivo interactions between functionally distinct Th/T-inducer cells and T killer (Tk)/T-effector cells in skin allograft rejection was demonstrated by the observation that normal B6 mice retain Qala and Kbm6 skin allografts because of a selective deficiency in antigen-specific Th cells, even though they contain T-effector cells that, when activated, are able to reject such allografts. Thus, the ability to reject skin allografts is neither unique to a specialized subset of T cells with a given Lyt phenotype, nor unique to a specialized subset of helper-independent effector T cells with so-called dual function capability. Rather, skin allograft rejection can be mediated by in vivo collaborations between T-inducer cells and T-effector cells, and the two interacting T cell subsets can express different Lyt phenotypes as well as different antigen specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sprent
- Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California 92037
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Hochgeschwender U, Diamantstein T, Prester M, Nerz G, Simon MM. Interleukin 2 induces both, growth and maturation of lectin reactive Lyt-2+ but not Lyt-2-precursor cells and regulates the cytolytic potential of effector cells. Immunobiology 1986; 171:274-301. [PMID: 3086217 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(86)80010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the requirements for lymphokines derived by recombinant (rec.) DNA technology for the induction of growth and maturation in highly purified lectin reactive T cell subsets. Nylon purified C57BL/6 lymph node T cells were treated with monoclonal anti-Lyt-2.2 or anti-L3T4 antibodies and fluorescence labeled (FITC) anti-immunoglobulin antibodies and were positively selected into Lyt-2+ (L3T4-) and Lyt-2- (L3T4+) lymphocyte subsets using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Sorted T lymphocytes, which were devoid of accessory cells were incubated either in bulk culture (2 X 10(2) - 3 X 10(4) cells/microculture) or under limiting dilution conditions (2.5-1,000 cells/well) with lectin (Concanavalin A, Leukoagglutinin) and rec. human Interleukin 2 (rec. hIL-2) and/or rec. mouse Interferon gamma (rec. mIFN-gamma). The data show that Lyt-2+ lymphocytes respond to lectin and rec. hIL-2 with growth and development of cytolytic activity in the absence of other exogenous factor(s) or accessory cells. The presence of monoclonal antibodies to the Interleukin 2 receptor during the sensitization phase ablated the induction of Con A reactive precursor cells of cytolytic lymphocytes (CTL-P) by either rec. hIL-2 or conventional IL-2 containing lymphokine sources, indicating the essential role of IL-2 during activation of Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes. In contrast, Lyt-2- lymphocytes could not be induced by lectin and rec. hIL-2 alone for proliferation and always required the presence of accessory cells for significant growth. Exogenous rec. m IFN gamma was unable to induce growth and cytolytic activity in Con A reactive Lyt-2+ cells and did not significantly effect their response to rec. hIL-2. Limiting dilution experiments revealed that 10-16% of the Lyt-2+ lymphocytes responded to Con A and rec. hIL-2 with growth (GTL-P). The frequencies of CTL-P, determined under similar conditions, were always lower compared to GTL-P. However the results suggest that the differences observed between both precursor populations is due to differential sensitivity of the detection system rather than to the recruitment of distinct T cell subsets. Furthermore, it was shown that at least 50% of lectin reactive CTL-P were induced by rec. hIL-2 to secrete IFN-gamma under optimal conditions. The finding that some of the conventional lymphokine sources were superior to rec. hIL-2 in the induction of growth and cytolytic activity suggests the existence of mediators distinct from IL-2 that regulate the expansion of CTL-P.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Wagner H, Hardt C. Heterogeneity of the signal requirements during the primary activation of resting Lyt-2+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) precursors into clonally developing CTL. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1986; 126:143-53. [PMID: 3487421 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-71152-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Simon MM, Landolfo S, Diamantstein T, Hochgeschwender U. Antigen- and lectin-sensitized murine cytolytic T lymphocyte-precursors require both interleukin 2 and endogenously produced immune (gamma) interferon for their growth and differentiation into effector cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1986; 126:173-85. [PMID: 3087705 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-71152-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mizoguchi K, Nakashima I, Isobe K, Ando K, Nagase F, Kato N, Kawashima K, Shimokata K, Hasegawa Y. Genetic and stimulatory cell type requirements for inducing class I major histocompatibility complex alloantigen-specific in vivo cytotoxic T cell immunity. Eur J Immunol 1985; 15:487-94. [PMID: 3873341 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830150513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Current interpretation based on analytical in vitro works that actions of Ia antigens and accessory cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are crucial for inducing cytotoxic T cell responses to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloantigens has been challenged by experiments performed in a newly developed system handling in vivo cytotoxic T cell immunity. We first characterized the transplantation immunity for second-set rejection of ascitic tumor allografts as principally induced by allogeneic stimulator cells via direct pathway, and as exclusively mediated by class I MHC alloantigen-specific in vivo cytotoxic T cell activity. By comparison of activities of limiting effective doses (10(4)-10(5) cells per mouse) of various stimulator cells in this defined system, we could demonstrate that genetic disparity at the D region of H-2 to the recipient is just enough for inducing the immunity, and presence of allogeneic or syngeneic Ia antigens in addition to H-2D alloantigens on stimulator cells does not give any premium effect. Further study revealed that allogeneic peritoneal cells rich in macrophages or glass-adherent spleen cells enriched for dendritic cells are not stronger stimulators than allogeneic adherent cell-depleted spleen cells and semi-allogeneic thymocytes. These results fit with the alternative concept that the physiological pathway inducing in vivo cytotoxic T cell immunity for graft rejection entirely depends on class I MHC antigens on live lymphocytes as self-supported stimulators, and does not crucially involve additional stimulator activities of Ia antigens and special accessory cell types, which must be in vivo concerned with induction of other types of transplantation immunity.
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Králová J, Nĕmec M. Female popliteal lymph node responses to H-Y antigen on male thymocytes in mice. I. Regulation of primary and secondary responses by H-2-associated Ir genes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS 1985; 12:87-99. [PMID: 3935725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1985.tb00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
H-2-linked genes which control popliteal lymph node (PLN) immune responses to the H-Y antigen were analysed. It was found that at least two genes or two groups of genes are involved in the genetic control and are responsible for the four variants of relations observed between the primary and the secondary response: +/-, +/+, -/+ and -/- ('+' and '-' stand for a high and a low response, respectively). The results obtained with H-2 recombinant haplotypes indicated that the genes controlling the primary and secondary responses map to the left and to the right of the E alpha locus, respectively. A high primary response was observed in the presence of b alleles at K, A beta, A alpha, and E beta loci, whereas a high secondary response occurred only in the presence of d alleles in the chromosomal segment between E alpha and D loci. From the experiments with F1 hybrids it is clear that low secondary responses are, for the most part, dominant and that the two seemingly separate control mechanisms for the primary and secondary responses may interact.
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Gascoigne NR, Lai PK. T helper cell lines that augment in vivo cytotoxic T-cell responses to minor alloantigens. Cell Immunol 1984; 83:302-12. [PMID: 6198100 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(84)90309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the ability of long-term cultured T helper (Th) cell lines to help an in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to non-H-2 alloantigens (minor antigens). Th cell lines specific for various single or undefined minor antigens were selected by regular restimulation with antigen in vitro. They were antigen specific and H-2 restricted in proliferation assays and were found to be able to help primary CTL responses to multiple minor antigens and secondary CTL responses to single minor antigens. Although the Th were antigen specific they did not determine the specificity of the CTL. Th cells were both necessary and limiting for an effective CTL response indicating that "helper-independent" CTL are not in themselves sufficient to generate a strong in vivo response. Under conditions where a CTL response was clearly H-2 restricted, Th cells were not. Thus, the Th cells appeared to be activated by reprocessed antigen rather than antigen on the surface of the injected antigenic cells even though the CTL themselves reacted directly to the injected antigen.
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Pfizenmaier K, Scheurich P, Däubener W, Krönke M, Röllinghoff M, Wagner H. Quantitative representation of all T cells committed to develop into cytotoxic effector cells and/or interleukin 2 activity-producing helper cells within murine T lymphocyte subsets. Eur J Immunol 1984; 14:33-9. [PMID: 6229409 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830140107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A limiting dilution culture system based on stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) has been used to study the quantitative distribution of helper and of cytotoxic precursor cells in Lyt-2-defined subpopulations of murine T cells. Virtually all of the selected Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2-T cells grow and expand to large clonal colonies within an 8-9-day culture period. Our data show that upon stimulation with Con A, 90% of the Lyt-2-T cells were capable to produce interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity. In addition, IL 2 activity is produced by 8-10% of Lyt-2+ T cells. However, at the clonal level, the average of the IL2 activity produced by Lyt-2+ T cells is about 8-fold less as compared to Lyt-2-T cells. Precursors of cytotoxic T cells were almost exclusively found in the Lyt-2+ population, of which about 70% displayed lytic activity in a lectin-dependent cytolysis test. For the vast majority of clones analyzed the capacity to produce IL 2 activity and the capacity to express lytic activity, was found to be mutually exclusive. A minority of clones (less than 3%) was found to simultaneously produce IL 2 activity and to express cytotoxicity. These latter cells are therefore considered as bifunctional T cells.
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Pels E, de Weger RA, den Otter W. Lymphocyte induced macrophage cytotoxicity: characterization of the macrophage cytotoxicity-inducing lymphocyte. Immunobiology 1984; 166:84-95. [PMID: 6201434 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(84)80146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype of lymphocytes, obtained from mice immunized with allogeneic tumor cells, with the capacity to induce macrophage cytotoxicity was determined. Macrophage cytotoxicity was induced, either by incubating the macrophages with Macrophage Arming Factor (MAF) containing supernatants of cultures of sensitized lymphocytes and tumor cells (arming) or by incubating the macrophages directly with sensitized lymphocytes and tumor cells (activation). The MAF producing or activating capacity of the lymphocytes was not only "triggered" by the sensitizing tumor cells but also by normal cells and other tumor cells bearing the H-2 determinants of the sensitizing tumor cell. The capacity to render macrophages cytotoxic was not reduced after treatment of the lymphocytes with mitomycin-C or treatment with anti-murine Ig and complement. This capacity of the lymphocytes was abrogated after treatment with anti-T-cell serum or anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement. After treatment with anti-Lyt 1 or anti-Lyt 2 serum and complement, the activating capacity was significantly reduced and the MAF producing capacity of the lymphocytes abrogated. Mixing the Lyt 1 depleted and Lyt 2 depleted lymphocytes or addition of normal lymphocytes to the Lyt 1 depleted or Lyt 2 depleted populations did not restore the MAF producing and activating capacities. This indicated that the lymphocytes inducing macrophage cytotoxicity in this allogeneic system are Lyt-1+2+ T-lymphocytes, which do not need to divide prior to perform their action.
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Simpson E. Review lecture. Immunology of H-Y antigen and its role in sex determination. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SERIES B, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1983; 220:31-46. [PMID: 6140682 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1983.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
H-Y was originally discovered as a transplantation antigen that caused female mice of certain inbred strains to reject skin from otherwise identical males. The ability to make the skin graft rejection response and, in vitro, cytotoxic T cell responses against H-Y is controlled by genes within the major histocompatibility complex, H-2, and by non-H-2 genes. H-Y belongs to a class of weak transplantation antigens characterized by an inability to elicit responses under many conditions. Although genetic factors are very important in determining responsiveness, their action can be modified by immunization procedures. H-Y has been proposed as the differentiation signal that causes the formation of the testes from the undifferentiated gonad in the developing embryo. This hypothesis has been explored by using a series of mice whose karyotype and phenotypic sex are paradoxical.
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Malkovský M, Edwards AJ, Hunt R, Palmer L, Medawar PB. T-cell-mediated enhancement of host-versus-graft reactivity in mice fed a diet enriched in vitamin A acetate. Nature 1983; 302:338-40. [PMID: 6601243 DOI: 10.1038/302338a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Retinol (vitamin A) and some of its derivatives have an important role in: (1) regulating growth, proliferation and differentiation of various tissues and (2) maintaining reproduction and visual function in man and higher animals. Vitamin A and retinoids are also known as potent immunoregulatory and antineoplastic agents. Their ability to increase reactivity to histoincompatible tissues is well documented but the mechanism of this action is unclear. Here we report that mice fed on an otherwise conventional diet supplemented with vitamin A acetate (VAA) respond to 10(5) semiallogeneic cells (a suboptimal dose) in a host-versus-graft (HvG) reaction, whereas mice on a conventional diet do not. It is possible to transfer this enhanced immune reactivity by injecting lymphoid cells from VAA-fed animals into those syngeneic mice maintained on the conventional diet. Using a positive selection technique, we demonstrate that the phenotype of the cell probably responsible for this phenomenon is Lyt 1+ 2-.
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Simon MM, Eichmann K. Limiting dilution analysis of alloreactive T helper cells: precursor frequencies similar to that of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. Immunobiology 1983; 164:78-89. [PMID: 6221993 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(83)80020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Precursor frequencies for alloreactive T helper cells involved in the generation of primary cytotoxic responses from thymocytes were determined in splenic T cells and selected Lyt-1 lymphocytes by limiting dilution analysis. T helper precursors at frequencies ranging from 1/5000 to 1/13,500 were found in individual experiments in unsensitized selected Lyt-1 populations reacting to H-2 alloantigens. After preactivation of Lyt-1 lymphocytes with antigen in limiting dilution, the frequencies of T helper cells were increased 2-3 fold when cultured in the absence and 10-50-fold when cultured in the presence of T cell growth factor. The frequencies for T helper precursors found in Lyt-1 cells were comparable to those of unselected T cells, indicating that a significant portion of T helper cells resides in the Lyt-123 population. Activation of T helper precursors with H-2 antigens or with H-2 and non-MHC (plus MLs) antigens resulted in similar frequencies, suggesting that the same T cell can respond to H-2 and non-MHC determinants. The data suggest that alloreactive T helper precursors exist at frequencies similar to that of CTL precursors. In addition, the results indicate that the induction of CTL by T helper cells is subject to regulation presumably by suppressive cells and that Lyt-1 inducer cells may be involved in the development of suppression for CTL responses.
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Kedar E, Weiss DW. The in vitro generation of effector lymphocytes and their employment in tumor immunotherapy. Adv Cancer Res 1983; 38:171-287. [PMID: 6224401 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6 Murine T cell subsets and interleukins: Relationships between cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and accessory cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-2261(82)80008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stutman O. Natural and induced immunity to mouse mammary tumors and the mammary tumor virus (MuMTV). SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1982; 4:333-72. [PMID: 6293110 DOI: 10.1007/bf02053739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Antigen-Antibody Complex
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Cell Migration Inhibition
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunization
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/transmission
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology
- Mice
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Thymectomy
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Abstract
H-Y antigen is expressed in mammals only by males, so that grafts of male tissue are rejected by females within certain highly inbred strains. H-Y antigen appears to be a simple, non-polymorphic antigen and the genetic control of anti-H-Y responses has been extensively studied. In this article Elizabeth Simpson discusses the many insights obtained.
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Miller RA, Stutman O. Use of positively selected Lyt-2+ mouse splenocytes to examine interleukin-2 secretion in responses to alloantigens and to TNP-modified syngeneic cells. Cell Immunol 1982; 68:114-27. [PMID: 6979398 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(82)90094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zahn G, Hämmerling GJ, Eichmann K, Simon MM. Expression of Qat-4 and Qat-5 alloantigens on cytotoxic precursor and effector cells: different surface phenotypes of alloreactive and H-2 restricted cytotoxic T cells. Eur J Immunol 1982; 12:43-50. [PMID: 6977451 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830120110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal anti-Qat-4 and anti-Qat-5 antibodies, which define antigens expressed on peripheral T cell subsets, have been used to study the phenotypes of alloreactive and H-2-restricted cytotoxic effector cells and their precursors. Depletion of Qat-4+ or Qat-5% cells from the T cell pool prior to their sensitization in bulk cultures prevented the development of alloreactive and H-2-restricted cytotoxic activities in the selected populations. No reconstitution of cytolytic activities to normal levels was obtained when mixtures of Qat-4- and Qat-5- cells were sensitized in bulk cultures to H-2 or non-H-2 antigens. Sensitization of limiting numbers of Qat-4- or Qat-5- lymphocytes under optimal conditions for help (interleukin 2), with the appropriated antigens (H-2 or H-Y) did not result in the generation of cytotoxic T cells, indicating that the majority of all cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors are Qat-4+, Qat-5+. When CTL effector populations were treated with the antisera and complement (C) at their maximum CTL activity, it was found that H-2-restricted CTL were totally eliminated by anti-Qat-4 and considerably reduced by anti-Qat-5 antisera and C. In contrast, alloreactive CTL effector cells were insensitive to anti-Qat-4 and to anti-Qat-5 plus C. Although alloreactive CTL effector populations regained some Qat-4 antigens during further in vitro culture, it was shown that H-2-restricted CTL were at all times more sensitive to anti-Qat-4 than were alloreactive CTL. The findings suggest that during maturation of alloreactive and H-2-restricted CTL from their precursors, both alloantigens undergo differential quantitative variations in their expression that lead to different Qat-4,5 phenotypes of alloreactive and H-2-restricted CTL.
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