1
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Peri A, Greenstein E, Alon M, Pai JA, Dingjan T, Reich-Zeliger S, Barnea E, Barbolin C, Levy R, Arnedo-Pac C, Kalaora S, Dassa B, Feldmesser E, Shang P, Greenberg P, Levin Y, Benedek G, Levesque MP, Adams DJ, Lotem M, Wilmott JS, Scolyer RA, Jönsson GB, Admon A, Rosenberg SA, Cohen CJ, Niv MY, Lopez-Bigas N, Satpathy AT, Friedman N, Samuels Y. Combined presentation and immunogenicity analysis reveals a recurrent RAS.Q61K neoantigen in melanoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:129466. [PMID: 34651586 DOI: 10.1172/jci129466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens are now recognized drivers of the antitumor immune response. Recurrent neoantigens, shared among groups of patients, have thus become increasingly coveted therapeutic targets. Here, we report on the data-driven identification of a robustly presented, immunogenic neoantigen that is derived from the combination of HLA-A*01:01 and RAS.Q61K. Analysis of large patient cohorts indicated that this combination applies to 3% of patients with melanoma. Using HLA peptidomics, we were able to demonstrate robust endogenous presentation of the neoantigen in 10 tumor samples. We detected specific reactivity to the mutated peptide within tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 2 unrelated patients, thus confirming its natural immunogenicity. We further investigated the neoantigen-specific clones and their T cell receptors (TCRs) via a combination of TCR sequencing, TCR overexpression, functional assays, and single-cell transcriptomics. Our analysis revealed a diverse repertoire of neoantigen-specific clones with both intra- and interpatient TCR similarities. Moreover, 1 dominant clone proved to cross-react with the highly prevalent RAS.Q61R variant. Transcriptome analysis revealed a high association of TCR clones with specific T cell phenotypes in response to cognate melanoma, with neoantigen-specific cells showing an activated and dysfunctional phenotype. Identification of recurrent neoantigens and their reactive TCRs can promote "off-the-shelf" precision immunotherapies, alleviating limitations of personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erez Greenstein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Joy A Pai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Ronen Levy
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and
| | - Claudia Arnedo-Pac
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bareket Dassa
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ping Shang
- Melanoma Institute Australia and.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Yishai Levin
- The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Benedek
- Tissue Typing and Immunogenetics Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia and.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia and.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Göran B Jönsson
- Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cyrille J Cohen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Masha Y Niv
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nuria Lopez-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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2
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Cafri G, Yossef R, Pasetto A, Deniger DC, Lu YC, Parkhurst M, Gartner JJ, Jia L, Ray S, Ngo LT, Jafferji M, Sachs A, Prickett T, Robbins PF, Rosenberg SA. Memory T cells targeting oncogenic mutations detected in peripheral blood of epithelial cancer patients. Nat Commun 2019; 10:449. [PMID: 30683863 PMCID: PMC6347629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells targeting shared oncogenic mutations can induce durable tumor regression in epithelial cancer patients. Such T cells can be detected in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, but whether such cells can be detected in the peripheral blood of patients with the common metastatic epithelial cancer patients is unknown. Using a highly sensitive in vitro stimulation and cell enrichment of peripheral memory T cells from six metastatic cancer patients, we identified and isolated CD4+, and CD8+ memory T cells targeting the mutated KRASG12D and KRASG12V variants, respectively, in three patients. In an additional two metastatic colon cancer patients, we detected CD8+ neoantigen-specific cells targeting the mutated SMAD5 and MUC4 proteins. Therefore, memory T cells targeting unique as well as shared somatic mutations can be detected in the peripheral blood of epithelial cancer patients and can potentially be used for the development of effective personalized T cell-based cancer immunotherapy across multiple patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Cafri
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Pasetto
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Drew C Deniger
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yong-Chen Lu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Parkhurst
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Jia
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lien T Ngo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mohammad Jafferji
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abraham Sachs
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Todd Prickett
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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3
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MHC class II restricted neoantigen: A promising target in tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2017; 392:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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4
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Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Lee KE, Hajdu CH, Miller G, Bar-Sagi D. Oncogenic Kras-induced GM-CSF production promotes the development of pancreatic neoplasia. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:836-47. [PMID: 22698407 PMCID: PMC3721510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stromal responses elicited by early stage neoplastic lesions can promote tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the early recruitment of stromal cells to sites of neoplasia remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate an oncogenic Kras(G12D)-dependent upregulation of GM-CSF in mouse pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs). An enhanced GM-CSF production is also observed in human PanIN lesions. Kras(G12D)-dependent production of GM-CSF in vivo is required for the recruitment of Gr1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid cells. The suppression of GM-CSF production inhibits the in vivo growth of Kras(G12D)-PDECs, and, consistent with the role of GM-CSF in Gr1(+)CD11b(+) mobilization, this effect is mediated by CD8(+) T cells. These results identify a pathway that links oncogenic activation to the evasion of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyoung Eun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristina H. Hajdu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - George Miller
- Departments of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Berzofsky
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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6
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Emens LA, Armstrong D, Biedrzycki B, Davidson N, Davis-Sproul J, Fetting J, Jaffee E, Onners B, Piantadosi S, Reilly RT, Stearns V, Tartakovsky I, Visvanathan K, Wolff A. A phase I vaccine safety and chemotherapy dose-finding trial of an allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer vaccine given in a specifically timed sequence with immunomodulatory doses of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 15:313-37. [PMID: 15018740 DOI: 10.1089/104303404322886165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leisha A Emens
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231-2410, USA.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Castelli
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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8
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Sidney J, del Guercio MF, Southwood S, Sette A. The HLA molecules DQA1*0501/B1*0201 and DQA1*0301/B1*0302 share an extensive overlap in peptide binding specificity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:5098-108. [PMID: 12391226 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.9.5098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Assays to measure the binding capacity of peptides for HLA-DQA1*0501/B*0201 (DQ2.3) and DQA1*0301/B*0302 (DQ3.2) were developed using solubilized MHC molecules purified from EBV-transformed cell lines. These quantitative assays, based on the principle of the inhibition of binding of a high-affinity radiolabeled ligand, were validated by examining the binding capacity of known DQ-restricted epitopes or ligands. The availability of these assays allowed an investigation of patterns of cross-reactivity between different DQ molecules and with various common DR molecules. DQ2.3 and DQ3.2 were found to have significantly overlapping peptide binding repertoires. Specifically, of 13 peptides that bound either DQ2.3 or DQ3.2, nine (69.2%) bound both. The molecular basis of this high degree of cross-reactivity was further investigated with panels of single substitution analogs of the thyroid peroxidase 632-645Y epitope. It was found that DQ2.3 and DQ3.2 bind the same ligands by using similar anchor residues but different registers. These data suggest that in analogy to what was previously described for HLA-DR molecules, HLA-DQ supertypes characterized by largely overlapping binding repertoires can be defined. In light of the known linkage of both HLA-DQ2.3 and -DQ3.2 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and celiac disease, these results might have important implications for understanding HLA class II autoimmune disease associations.
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9
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Hunger RE, Brand CU, Streit M, Eriksen JA, Gjertsen MK, Saeterdal I, Braathen LR, Gaudernack G. Successful induction of immune responses against mutant ras in melanoma patients using intradermal injection of peptides and GM-CSF as adjuvant. Exp Dermatol 2001; 10:161-7. [PMID: 11380611 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2001.010003161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing incidence and mortality rate of malignant melanoma, together with the lack of efficient treatment of the late stages, makes it a serious threat to public health. Innovative new treatments are needed. The proteins of the ras-family of proto-oncogenes, functioning as relay switches for signalling pathways between cell surface and nucleus, are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and transformation. If over-expressed or mutated they can induce and/or maintain a transformed state of a cell. Codon 61 mutations of N-ras seem to be involved in melanoma development on sun exposed sites. In order to induce an immune response towards mutated N-ras proteins we performed a phase 1 feasibility study. Ten melanoma patients were immunized intradermally 6 times with N-ras peptides (residue 49-73) with 4 codon 61 mutations using GM-CSF as adjuvant. HLA typing was not used as an inclusion criterion. Eight patients responded with strong delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. In 2 of the patients an in vitro response to the vaccine could also be detected. The specificity of the reaction could be confirmed by cloning of peptide-specific CD4 positive T cells from peripheral blood of the patients. Intradermal injection of ras peptides using GM-CSF as adjuvant is simple to perform and seems to be efficient in inducing cellular immune responses. Since a majority of the patients showed positive skin reactions and 2 of the patients analysed showed a T-helper response to this melanoma specific antigen, these promiscuous HLA class II binding mutant ras peptides may be candidates for inclusion into vaccine cocktails containing various established CTL epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Hunger
- Dermatological Clinic, Inselspital, University of Berne, Switzerland.
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10
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Kessler JH, Beekman NJ, Bres-Vloemans SA, Verdijk P, van Veelen PA, Kloosterman-Joosten AM, Vissers DC, ten Bosch GJ, Kester MG, Sijts A, Wouter Drijfhout J, Ossendorp F, Offringa R, Melief CJ. Efficient identification of novel HLA-A(*)0201-presented cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes in the widely expressed tumor antigen PRAME by proteasome-mediated digestion analysis. J Exp Med 2001; 193:73-88. [PMID: 11136822 PMCID: PMC2195886 DOI: 10.1084/jem.193.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the efficient identification of four human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A(*)0201-presented cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in the tumor-associated antigen PRAME using an improved "reverse immunology" strategy. Next to motif-based HLA-A(*)0201 binding prediction and actual binding and stability assays, analysis of in vitro proteasome-mediated digestions of polypeptides encompassing candidate epitopes was incorporated in the epitope prediction procedure. Proteasome cleavage pattern analysis, in particular determination of correct COOH-terminal cleavage of the putative epitope, allows a far more accurate and selective prediction of CTL epitopes. Only 4 of 19 high affinity HLA-A(*)0201 binding peptides (21%) were found to be efficiently generated by the proteasome in vitro. This approach avoids laborious CTL response inductions against high affinity binding peptides that are not processed and limits the number of peptides to be assayed for binding. CTL clones induced against the four identified epitopes (VLDGLDVLL, PRA(100-108); SLYSFPEPEA, PRA(142-151); ALYVDSLFFL, PRA(300-309); and SLLQHLIGL, PRA(425-433)) lysed melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma, and mammary carcinoma cell lines expressing PRAME and HLA-A(*)0201. This indicates that these epitopes are expressed on cancer cells of diverse histologic origin, making them attractive targets for immunotherapy of cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/metabolism
- HLA-A Antigens/metabolism
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kessler
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Siegel CT, Schreiber K, Meredith SC, Beck-Engeser GB, Lancki DW, Lazarski CA, Fu YX, Rowley DA, Schreiber H. Enhanced growth of primary tumors in cancer-prone mice after immunization against the mutant region of an inherited oncoprotein. J Exp Med 2000; 191:1945-56. [PMID: 10839809 PMCID: PMC2213520 DOI: 10.1084/jem.191.11.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/1999] [Accepted: 02/29/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One major objective of tumor immunologists is to prevent cancer development in individuals at high risk. (TG.AC x C57BL/6)F1 mice serve as a model for testing the feasibility of this objective. The mice carry in the germline a mutant ras oncogene that has an arginine at codon 12 instead of glycine present in the wild-type, and after physical (wounding) or chemical promotion, these mice have a high probability for developing papillomas that progress to cancer. Furthermore, F1 mice immunized with Arg(12) mutant ras peptide in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) develop T cells within 10 d that proliferate in vitro on stimulation with the Arg(12) mutant ras peptide. Within 14 d, these mice have delayed-type hypersensitivity to the peptide. Immunization with CFA alone or with a different Arg(12) mutant ras peptide in CFA induced neither response. To determine the effect of immunization on development of tumors, mice immunized 3 wk earlier were painted on the back with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate every 3 d for 8 wk. The time of appearance and the number of papillomas were about the same in immunized and control mice, but the tumors grew faster and became much larger in the mice immunized with the Arg(12) mutant ras peptide. Thus, the immunization failed to protect against growth of papillomas. The peptide-induced CD4(+) T cells preferentially recognized the peptide but not the native mutant ras protein. On the other hand, mice immunized with Arg(12) mutant ras peptide and bearing papillomas had serum antibodies that did bind native mutant ras protein. Together, these studies indicate that active immunization of cancer-prone individuals may result in immune responses that fail to eradicate mutant oncogene-expressing tumor cells, but rather induce a remarkable enhancement of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | | | | | - David W. Lancki
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | | | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Donald A. Rowley
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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12
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Abstract
Mutations in codon 12 and 13 of K-RAS are frequently found in human cancer, including pancreatic- and colorectal adenocarcinomas. T cell responses specific for individual RAS mutations can be elicited in vitro by stimulation with synthetic peptides and in vivo following vaccination with antigen presenting cells pulsed ex vivo with synthetic peptides. The peptide-responding T cells are capable of responding to intact p21 ras, and can recognise and kill tumour cell lines and isolated tumour cells harbouring the corresponding RAS mutation. The responding cells can be of both CD4+ and CD8+ phenotype, and these T cell subsets recognise nested epitopes within the vaccine peptides. Mutant ras peptides are therefore possibly an important vaccine for specific immunotherapy in patients with pancreatic and colorectal carcinomas, and are currently being tested in vivo together with GM-CSF as an adjuvant in these cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Gjertsen
- Section for Immunotherapy, Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Abstract
T-cells play an important role in in vivo tumor rejection in many animal tumor models and in human melanoma. Many human tumor antigens recognized by autologous T-cells have now been identified. These are found to be nonmutated and mutated peptides derived from various self proteins as well as viral proteins. A variety of mechanisms involved in generating these T-cell epitopes on growing cancers have also been identified. However, the role of these identified antigens remains to be evaluated. Passive or active immunotherapies using these identified tumor antigens are being conducted in many institutions. The results obtained from these clinical trials may give us better insight into the role of T-cell responses to each antigen in tumor rejection as well as the development of new antigen-specific immunotherapies for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawakami
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1502, USA.
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14
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Gouttefangeas C, Demeur C, Connan F, Balayn N, Choppin J, Tilkin-Mariamé AF. Differential binding to frequent HLA-A alleles of p21 RAS derived peptides bearing oncogenic substitutions at position 12 or 13. Hum Immunol 1997; 55:117-26. [PMID: 9361963 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(97)00101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RAS oncogenic proteins are frequently found mutated in human cancers, where they are known to be implicated in the tumoral process. Mutations occur preferentially at positions 12, 13 or 61. Identification of potential T cell epitopes is the first step to determine it RAS mutated proteins can generate tumor specific antigens which could be further used as targets for cancer immunotherapy protocols. We have investigated the capacity of synthetic wild-type and mutant RAS derived peptides encompassing positions 12 and 13 to bind to three frequent HLA-A alleles: HLA-A*0201, HLA-A*0301 and HLA-A*1101. Binding was evaluated by two methods using TAP-defective cell lines: a cytometric assay based on HLA molecules stabilization at the cell surface, and an assembly assay detecting interactions between solubilized HLA molecules and peptides. Positive HLA binding was observed for two sets of synthetic peptides, one specific for HLA-A*0201 allele (RAS 5-14), and the other one specific for HLA-A*0301 and HLA-A*1101 alleles (RAS 8-16). Interestingly, the different substitutions at positions 12 and 13 were not equivalent for HLA binding. These observations will be useful for the in vitro generation of restricted CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for mutated RAS proteins and recognizing tumoral cells expressing such RAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gouttefangeas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, Institut Fédératif de Recherche IFR 30. CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
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15
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Gjertsen MK, Saeterdal I, Thorsby E, Gaudernack G. Characterisation of immune responses in pancreatic carcinoma patients after mutant p21 ras peptide vaccination. Br J Cancer 1996; 74:1828-33. [PMID: 8956801 PMCID: PMC2077214 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a study of immune responses generated by mutant ras peptide vaccination of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Responding T cells from one patient were cloned and two CD4+ T-lymphocyte clones (TLC) specific for the 12 Val peptide and restricted by HLA-DR6 or DQ2 were obtained. These class II molecules have not previously been found to bind or present mutant ras peptides to T cells. The DR6-restricted TLC showed marked cytotoxicity against autologous target cells pulsed with the 12 Val peptide. Target cells pulsed with the control peptide were not killed. Responding T cells from another patient showed cross-reactivity towards the homologous ras peptides. Investigation by limiting dilution analysis (LDA) revealed different T-cell precursor frequencies for the immunising, mutant ras peptide (1:28000), compared with the normal ras peptide (1:110000).
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Gjertsen
- Institute of Transplantation Immunology, National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
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17
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Gjertsen MK, Bakka A, Breivik J, Saeterdal I, Gedde-Dahl T, Stokke KT, Sølheim BG, Egge TS, Søreide O, Thorsby E, Gaudernack G. Ex vivo ras peptide vaccination in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: results of a phase I/II study. Int J Cancer 1996; 65:450-3. [PMID: 8621226 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960208)65:4<450::aid-ijc10>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In a pilot I/II study we have tested synthetic ras peptides used as a cancer vaccine in 5 patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. The treatment principle used was based on loading professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from peripheral blood with a synthetic ras peptide corresponding to the ras mutation found in tumour tissue from the patient. Peptide loading was performed ex vivo and the next day APCs were re-injected into the patients after washing to remove unbound peptide. Patients were vaccinated in the first and second week and thereafter every 4-6 weeks. In 2 of the 5 patients treated, an immune response against the immunising ras peptide could be induced. None of the patients showed evidence of a T-cell response against any of the ras peptides before vaccination. The treatment was well tolerated and could be repeated multiple times in the same patient. Side effects were not observed even if an immunological response against the ras peptide was evident. We conclude that ras peptide vaccination according to the present protocol is safe and may result in a potentially beneficial immune response even in patients with advanced malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Gjertsen
- Institute of Transplantation Immunology, The National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
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18
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Abstract
A series of tumor cell antigens that are recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes has been characterized this year. Besides the antigens derived from proteins specifically expressed in tumors, many melanoma antigens derive from melanocytic differentiation proteins. In addition, antigens unique to individual tumors result from mutations in ubiquitously expressed genes.
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19
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Coulie PG. Antigens recognized on human tumors by cytolytic T lymphocytes: towards vaccination? Stem Cells 1995; 13:393-403. [PMID: 7549898 DOI: 10.1002/stem.5530130410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for many years that cytolytic T lymphocytes that specifically recognize the tumor cells of the same patient can be derived from the blood of melanoma patients. Several of the antigens recognized by these antitumor T lymphocytes have now been completely identified. Some of them are sufficiently tumor-specific to envision their use as antitumor vaccines in selected cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Coulie
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
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20
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Cheever MA, Disis ML, Bernhard H, Gralow JR, Hand SL, Huseby ES, Qin HL, Takahashi M, Chen W. Immunity to oncogenic proteins. Immunol Rev 1995; 145:33-59. [PMID: 7590829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Cheever
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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