1
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Da Silva CG, Camps MGM, Li TMWY, Chan AB, Ossendorp F, Cruz LJ. Co-delivery of immunomodulators in biodegradable nanoparticles improves therapeutic efficacy of cancer vaccines. Biomaterials 2019; 220:119417. [PMID: 31419588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines we aimed to modulate the suppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, the potential of intratumoral immune modulation with poly (I:C), Resiquimod (R848) and CCL20 (MIP3α) was explored. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles were used as delivery vehicles for slow and sustained release of these drugs in the tumor area and were combined with specific immunotherapy based on therapeutic peptide vaccination in two aggressive murine carcinoma and lymphoma tumor models. Whereas nanoparticle delivery of poly (I:C) or R848 improved therapeutic efficacy, the combination with MIP3α remarkably potentiated the cancer vaccine antitumor effects. The long-term survival increased to 75-100% and the progression free survival nearly doubled on mice with established large carcinoma tumors. The potent adjuvant effects were associated with lymphoid and myeloid population alterations in the tumor and tumor-draining lymph node. In addition to a significant influx of macrophages into the tumor, the phenotype of the suppressor tumor-associated macrophages shifted towards an acute inflammatory phenotype in the tumor-draining lymph node. Overall, these data show that therapeutic cancer vaccines can be potentiated by the combined nanoparticle mediated co-delivery of poly (I:C), R848 and MIP3α, which indicates that a more favorable milieu for cancer fighting immune cells is created for T cells induced by therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Da Silva
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M G M Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T M W Y Li
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A B Chan
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands; Percuros B.V., Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - F Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L J Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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Hos B, Camps M, Tondini E, Ruano D, Van den Bulk J, Franken K, Janssen G, Van Veelen P, De Miranda N, Ossendorp F. PO-410 Discovery of immunogenic neoantigens for peptide vaccination approaches in murine colorectal cancer. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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3
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Fletcher E, Maren WV, Cordfunke R, Dinkelaar J, Castelli R, Codee J, Marel GVD, Melief CJM, Drijfhout JW, Ossendorp F, Mangsbo S. Abstract PR01: T cell responses to peptide-epitopes of choice can be boosted by immune complexes of circulating anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies. Cancer Immunol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.imm2016-pr01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to boost an antigen-specific immune response is utilized in several cancer immunotherapy strategies including therapeutic vaccination using long peptides. Water-based peptide vaccines are rapidly degraded and oil-based delivery strategies trap immune cells to unwanted sites or have inappropriate adjuvant properties. To enhance the uptake of synthetic long peptides (SLP) and activation of DCs we make use of circulating antibodies to mount cellular responses against tumor antigens of interest by conjugating a B cell epitope to a T cell epitope. The conjugation of the two improves the uptake of peptide/antibody complexes and concomitant activation of the same DC in contrast to SLPs which are not conjugated. Our identified B cell epitope of choice is derived from tetanus toxin (and named MTTE = minimal tetanus toxin epitope) and can be targeted by tetanus-specific antibodies that are present in most vaccinated individuals. SLPs harbor viral or tumor-derived epitopes specific for the disease of interest. We have applied a modified chandler loop model preserving intact cascade systems, to characterize how the vaccine is targeted to human immune cells. The B cell-T cell conjugate ([MTTE]3-SLP) is taken up by human monocytes and blood DCs in an antibody-dependent manner. Rather than FcγRs, the internalization of the antigen appears to be mediated through the classical pathway of the complement system as it is partly reduced by blocking C1q but not when blocking C3. A [MTTE]3-CMV conjugate, containing a T cell epitope from the pp65 protein of cytomegalovirus (CMV), strongly reactivates memory T cells when analyzed in blood from donors with CMV-specific T cells. The CMV-specific T cells rapidly produce IFNγ in response to the conjugate illustrating that the uptake of the conjugate leads to activation of antigen-specific T cells. Uptake as well as T cell activation occurs at low concentrations of the SLP conjugate, superior to a conjugate lacking the tetanus-sequence as well as to SLPs with or without added adjuvant (LPS). Additionally, when the B and T cell epitopes are separate entities but mixed, CMV-specific T cells are not activated, illustrating the requirement of conjugating the two. Our data show that we have a unique delivery system for peptide based vaccines that can aid induction of human T cell responses, and may potentiate immune responses in cancer patients.
Citation Format: E. Fletcher, W. van Maren, R. Cordfunke, J. Dinkelaar, R. Castelli, Jdc Codee, G. van der Marel, CJM Melief, JW Drijfhout, F. Ossendorp, Sm Mangsbo. T cell responses to peptide-epitopes of choice can be boosted by immune complexes of circulating anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR01.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Fletcher
- 1Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W. van Maren
- 2Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R. Cordfunke
- 2Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. Dinkelaar
- 3Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R. Castelli
- 3Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jdc Codee
- 3Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - G. van der Marel
- 3Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - CJM Melief
- 2Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - JW Drijfhout
- 2Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - F. Ossendorp
- 2Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sm Mangsbo
- 1Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Silva AL, Soema PC, Slütter B, Ossendorp F, Jiskoot W. PLGA particulate delivery systems for subunit vaccines: Linking particle properties to immunogenicity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1056-69. [PMID: 26752261 PMCID: PMC4962933 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1117714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the emerging subunit vaccines are recombinant protein- and synthetic peptide-based vaccine formulations. However, proteins and peptides have a low intrinsic immunogenicity. A common strategy to overcome this is to co-deliver (an) antigen(s) with (an) immune modulator(s) by co-encapsulating them in a particulate delivery system, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles. Particulate PLGA formulations offer many advantages for antigen delivery as they are biocompatible and biodegradable; can protect the antigens from degradation and clearance; allow for co-encapsulation of antigens and immune modulators; can be targeted to antigen presenting cells; and their particulate nature can increase uptake and cross-presentation by mimicking the size and shape of an invading pathogen. In this review we discuss the pros and cons of using PLGA particulate formulations for subunit vaccine delivery and provide an overview of formulation parameters that influence their adjuvanticity and the ensuing immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Silva
- a Division of Drug Delivery Technology , Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - P C Soema
- b Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - B Slütter
- a Division of Drug Delivery Technology , Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands.,c Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - F Ossendorp
- d Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - W Jiskoot
- a Division of Drug Delivery Technology , Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
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5
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Rosendahl Huber SK, Camps MGM, Jacobi RHJ, Mouthaan J, van Dijken H, van Beek J, Ossendorp F, de Jonge J. Synthetic Long Peptide Influenza Vaccine Containing Conserved T and B Cell Epitopes Reduces Viral Load in Lungs of Mice and Ferrets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127969. [PMID: 26046664 PMCID: PMC4457525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently licensed influenza vaccines mainly induce antibodies against highly variable epitopes. Due to antigenic drift, protection is subtype or strain-specific and regular vaccine updates are required. In case of antigenic shifts, which have caused several pandemics in the past, completely new vaccines need to be developed. We set out to develop a vaccine that provides protection against a broad range of influenza viruses. Therefore, highly conserved parts of the influenza A virus (IAV) were selected of which we constructed antibody and T cell inducing peptide-based vaccines. The B epitope vaccine consists of the highly conserved HA2 fusion peptide and M2e peptide coupled to a CD4 helper epitope. The T epitope vaccine comprises 25 overlapping synthetic long peptides of 26-34 amino acids, thereby avoiding restriction for a certain MHC haplotype. These peptides are derived from nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) and matrix protein 1 (M1). C57BL/6 mice, BALB/c mice, and ferrets were vaccinated with the B epitopes, 25 SLP or a combination of both. Vaccine-specific antibodies were detected in sera of mice and ferrets and vaccine-specific cellular responses were measured in mice. Following challenge, both mice and ferrets showed a reduction of virus titers in the lungs in response to vaccination. Summarizing, a peptide-based vaccine directed against conserved parts of influenza virus containing B and T cell epitopes shows promising results for further development. Such a vaccine may reduce disease burden and virus transmission during pandemic outbreaks.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Databases, Factual
- Dogs
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Ferrets
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Lung/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Vaccines, Subunit/chemical synthesis
- Vaccines, Subunit/chemistry
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Viral Load
- Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Rosendahl Huber
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - M. G. M. Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R. H. J. Jacobi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - J. Mouthaan
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - H. van Dijken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - J. van Beek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - F. Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J. de Jonge
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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6
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Silva A, Rosalia R, Sazak A, Carstens M, Ossendorp F, Oostendorp J, Jiskoot W. Optimization of encapsulation of a synthetic long peptide in PLGA nanoparticles: Low-burst release is crucial for efficient CD8+ T cell activation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Unger WWJ, Pinkse GGM, Mulder-van der Kracht S, van der Slik AR, Kester MGD, Ossendorp F, Drijfhout JW, Serreze DV, Roep BO. Human clonal CD8 autoreactivity to an IGRP islet epitope shared between mice and men. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1103:192-5. [PMID: 17376840 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1394.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the infiltration and subsequent destruction of the pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells by autoreactive T cells. CD8(+) T cells play an essential role in this beta cell destruction. However, little is known about the target antigens of CD8(+) T cells in human T1D patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether an epitope derived from the islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP), IGRP(265-273,) which has recently been identified as a target in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and is fully homologous to the human epitope, is a target of human diabetogenic CD8(+) T cells. We isolated a human CD8 T cell clone against this epitope, which confirms that this IGRP epitope is shared across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W J Unger
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, LUMC, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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8
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Kessler JH, Bres-Vloemans SA, van Veelen PA, de Ru A, Huijbers IJG, Camps M, Mulder A, Offringa R, Drijfhout JW, Leeksma OC, Ossendorp F, Melief CJM. BCR-ABL fusion regions as a source of multiple leukemia-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes. Leukemia 2006; 20:1738-50. [PMID: 16932347 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For immunotherapy of residual disease in patients with Philadelphia-positive leukemias, the BCR-ABL fusion regions are attractive disease-specific T-cell targets. We analyzed these regions for the prevalence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes by an advanced reverse immunology procedure. Seventeen novel BCR-ABL fusion peptides were identified to bind efficiently to the human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-A68, HLA-B51, HLA-B61 or HLA-Cw4 HLA class I molecules. Comprehensive enzymatic digestion analysis showed that 10 out of the 28 HLA class I binding fusion peptides were efficiently excised after their C-terminus by the proteasome, which is an essential requirement for efficient cell surface expression. Therefore, these peptides are prime vaccine candidates. The other peptides either completely lacked C-terminal liberation or were only inefficiently excised by the proteasome, rendering them inappropriate or less suitable for inclusion in a vaccine. CTL raised against the properly processed HLA-B61 epitope AEALQRPVA from the BCR-ABL e1a2 fusion region, expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), specifically recognized ALL tumor cells, proving cell surface presentation of this epitope, its applicability for immunotherapy and underlining the accuracy of our epitope identification strategy. Our study provides a reliable basis for the selection of optimal peptides to be included in immunotherapeutic BCR-ABL vaccines against leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epitope Mapping/methods
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/immunology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- HLA-A Antigens/immunology
- HLA-A Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen
- HLA-B Antigens/immunology
- HLA-B Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-B51 Antigen
- HLA-C Antigens/immunology
- HLA-C Antigens/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kessler
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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9
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Charo J, Geluk A, Sundbäck M, Mirzai B, Diehl AD, Malmberg KJ, Achour A, Huriguchi S, van Meijgaarden KE, Drijfhout JW, Beekman N, van Veelen P, Ossendorp F, Ottenhoff TH, Kiessling R. The identification of a common pathogen-specific HLA class I A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T cell epitope encoded within the heat shock protein 65. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:3602-11. [PMID: 11745380 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200112)31:12<3602::aid-immu3602>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial antigens recognized by CD8(+) T cells in the context of MHC class I are thought to play a crucial role in protection against pathogenic intracellular bacteria. Here, we demonstrate the induction of HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T cell responses against six new high-affinity HLA-A*0201-binding CTL epitopes, encoded within an immunodominant and highly conserved antigen of Mycobacteria, the heat shock protein 65 (hsp65). One of these epitopes, Mhsp65(9(369)), is identical in a large number of pathogenic bacteria, and is recognized in a CD8-independent fashion. Mhsp65(9(369)) could be presented by either mycobacterial hsp65-pulsed target cells or BCG-infected macrophages. Interestingly, T cells specific for this epitope did not recognize the corresponding human hsp65 homologue, probably due to structural differences as revealed by modeling studies. Furthermore, in vitro proteasome digestion analyses show that, whereas the mycobacterial hsp65 epitope is efficiently generated, the human hsp65 homologue is not, thus avoiding the induction of autoreactivity. Collectively, these findings describe high-affinity HLA class I-binding epitopes that are naturally processed and are recognized efficiently by MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells, providing a rational basis for the development of subunit vaccine strategies against tuberculosis and other intracellular infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Charo
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Kleijmeer M, Ramm G, Schuurhuis D, Griffith J, Rescigno M, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Rudensky AY, Ossendorp F, Melief CJ, Stoorvogel W, Geuze HJ. Reorganization of multivesicular bodies regulates MHC class II antigen presentation by dendritic cells. J Cell Biol 2001; 155:53-63. [PMID: 11581285 PMCID: PMC2150788 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature dendritic cells (DCs) sample their environment for antigens and after stimulation present peptide associated with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) to naive T cells. We have studied the intracellular trafficking of MHC II in cultured DCs. In immature cells, the majority of MHC II was stored intracellularly at the internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In contrast, DM, an accessory molecule required for peptide loading, was located predominantly at the limiting membrane of MVBs. After stimulation, the internal vesicles carrying MHC II were transferred to the limiting membrane of the MVB, bringing MHC II and DM to the same membrane domain. Concomitantly, the MVBs transformed into long tubular organelles that extended into the periphery of the cells. Vesicles that were formed at the tips of these tubules nonselectively incorporated MHC II and DM and presumably mediated transport to the plasma membrane. We propose that in maturing DCs, the reorganization of MVBs is fundamental for the timing of MHC II antigen loading and transport to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kleijmeer
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Institute of Biomembranes and Center for Biomedical Genetics, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
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11
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Medema JP, Schuurhuis DH, Rea D, van Tongeren J, de Jong J, Bres SA, Laban S, Toes RE, Toebes M, Schumacher TN, Bladergroen BA, Ossendorp F, Kummer JA, Melief CJ, Offringa R. Expression of the serpin serine protease inhibitor 6 protects dendritic cells from cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced apoptosis: differential modulation by T helper type 1 and type 2 cells. J Exp Med 2001; 194:657-67. [PMID: 11535633 PMCID: PMC2195949 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.5.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the immune system as they drive activation of T lymphocytes by cognate interactions. However, as DCs express high levels of major histocompatibility complex class I, this intimate contact may also result in elimination of DCs by activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and thereby limit induction of immunity. We show here that immature DCs are indeed susceptible to CTL-induced killing, but become resistant upon maturation with anti-CD40 or lipopolysaccharide. Protection is achieved by expression of serine protease inhibitor (SPI)-6, a member of the serpin family that specifically inactivates granzyme B and thereby blocks CTL-induced apoptosis. Anti-CD40 and LPS-induced SPI-6 expression is sustained for long periods of time, suggesting a role for SPI-6 in the longevity of DCs. Importantly, T helper 1 cells, which mature DCs and boost CTL immunity, induce SPI-6 expression and subsequent DC resistance. In contrast, T helper 2 cells neither induce SPI-6 nor convey protection, despite the fact that they trigger DC maturation with comparable efficiency. Our data identify SPI-6 as a novel marker for DC function, which protects DCs against CTL-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Medema
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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12
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Apoptosis
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/physiology
- Disease Susceptibility
- Genetic Therapy
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Immunotherapy, Active
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lymphocyte Cooperation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasms/etiology
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Oncogenic Viruses/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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13
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Kessler JH, Beekman NJ, Bres-Vloemans SA, Verdijk P, van Veelen PA, Kloosterman-Joosten AM, Vissers DC, ten Bosch GJ, Kester MG, Sijts A, Wouter Drijfhout J, Ossendorp F, Offringa R, Melief CJ. Efficient identification of novel HLA-A(*)0201-presented cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes in the widely expressed tumor antigen PRAME by proteasome-mediated digestion analysis. J Exp Med 2001; 193:73-88. [PMID: 11136822 PMCID: PMC2195886 DOI: 10.1084/jem.193.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the efficient identification of four human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A(*)0201-presented cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in the tumor-associated antigen PRAME using an improved "reverse immunology" strategy. Next to motif-based HLA-A(*)0201 binding prediction and actual binding and stability assays, analysis of in vitro proteasome-mediated digestions of polypeptides encompassing candidate epitopes was incorporated in the epitope prediction procedure. Proteasome cleavage pattern analysis, in particular determination of correct COOH-terminal cleavage of the putative epitope, allows a far more accurate and selective prediction of CTL epitopes. Only 4 of 19 high affinity HLA-A(*)0201 binding peptides (21%) were found to be efficiently generated by the proteasome in vitro. This approach avoids laborious CTL response inductions against high affinity binding peptides that are not processed and limits the number of peptides to be assayed for binding. CTL clones induced against the four identified epitopes (VLDGLDVLL, PRA(100-108); SLYSFPEPEA, PRA(142-151); ALYVDSLFFL, PRA(300-309); and SLLQHLIGL, PRA(425-433)) lysed melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma, and mammary carcinoma cell lines expressing PRAME and HLA-A(*)0201. This indicates that these epitopes are expressed on cancer cells of diverse histologic origin, making them attractive targets for immunotherapy of cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/metabolism
- HLA-A Antigens/metabolism
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kessler
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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14
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van Bergen J, Camps M, Offringa R, Melief CJ, Ossendorp F, Koning F. Superior tumor protection induced by a cellular vaccine carrying a tumor-specific T helper epitope by genetic exchange of the class II-associated invariant chain peptide. Cancer Res 2000; 60:6427-33. [PMID: 11103809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient loading of MHC class II molecules with a T helper epitope of choice can be achieved through genetic exchange of the MHC class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) sequence with a sequence encoding the helper peptide. We have now used this method to engineer a cellular vaccine that continuously expresses a tumor-specific helper epitope in a defined costimulatory context. We provide evidence (a) that this cellular vaccine induces peptide-specific helper T cells in vivo that are functional in protecting mice from challenge with a highly aggressive tumor, (b) that this vaccine can directly prime tumor-specific helper T cells in vivo, and (c) that this cellular vaccine is superior compared with similar cells loaded with synthetic T helper peptide in inducing tumor protection. In conclusion, cellular vaccines for activation of antigen-specific helper T cells can be greatly improved by the introduction of invariant chain constructs containing a T helper epitope by class II-associated invariant chain peptide exchange.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/physiology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- Transfection
- Vaccination
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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15
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Abstract
After studies in preclinical mouse models, the efficacy and safety of tumor-specific vaccination strategies is currently being evaluated in cancer patients. The first wave of clinical trials has shown that in general such vaccination strategies are safe. However examples of clinical responses, especially in conjunction with vaccine-induced immune responses, are still scarce. The fact that most trials have so far been performed with end-stage cancer patients can largely account for this deficit. Greater efficacy of anticancer vaccines is expected in patients with less-progressed disease. In addition, the detection of both natural and vaccine-induced T cell immunity needs further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Offringa
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Tranfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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van Hall T, van Bergen J, van Veelen PA, Kraakman M, Heukamp LC, Koning F, Melief CJ, Ossendorp F, Offringa R. Identification of a novel tumor-specific CTL epitope presented by RMA, EL-4, and MBL-2 lymphomas reveals their common origin. J Immunol 2000; 165:869-77. [PMID: 10878361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice generate a vigorous H-2Db-restricted CTL response against murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-induced tumors. For many years it has been suggested that this response is directed to an MuLV-encoded peptide as well as to a nonviral tumor-associated peptide. Recently, a peptide from the leader sequence of gag was demonstrated to be the MuLV-derived epitope. Here we describe the molecular identification of the tumor-associated epitope. Furthermore, we show that the CTL response against this epitope can restrict the outgrowth of MuLV-induced tumors in vivo. The epitope is selectively presented by the MuLV-induced T cell tumors RBL-5, RMA, and MBL-2 as well as by the chemically induced T cell lymphoma EL-4. Intriguingly, these tumors share expression of the newly identified epitope because they represent variants of the same clonal tumor cell line, as evident from sequencing of the TCR alpha- and beta-chains, which proved to be identical. Our research shows that all sources of RBL-5, RMA, RMA-S, MBL-2, and EL-4 tumors are derived from a single tumor line, most likely EL-4.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Binding Sites/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Friend murine leukemia virus
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Leukemia, Experimental/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Moloney murine leukemia virus
- Oligopeptides/administration & dosage
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/immunology
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Rauscher Virus
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Thymoma/immunology
- Thymoma/metabolism
- Thymoma/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/transplantation
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
- Tumor Virus Infections/metabolism
- Tumor Virus Infections/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- T van Hall
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Beekman NJ, van Veelen PA, van Hall T, Neisig A, Sijts A, Camps M, Kloetzel PM, Neefjes JJ, Melief CJ, Ossendorp F. Abrogation of CTL epitope processing by single amino acid substitution flanking the C-terminal proteasome cleavage site. J Immunol 2000; 164:1898-905. [PMID: 10657639 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.4.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CTL directed against the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) epitope SSWDFITV recognize Moloney MuLV-induced tumor cells, but do not recognize cells transformed by the closely related Friend MuLV. The potential Friend MuLV epitope has strong sequence homology with Moloney MuLV and only differs in one amino acid within the CTL epitope and one amino acid just outside the epitope. We now show that failure to recognize Friend MuLV-transformed tumor cells is based on a defect in proteasome-mediated processing of the Friend epitope which is due to a single amino acid substitution (N-->D) immediately flanking the C-terminal anchor residue of the epitope. Proteasome-mediated digestion analysis of a synthetic 26-mer peptide derived from the Friend sequence shows that cleavage takes place predominantly C-terminal of D, instead of V as is the case for the Moloney MuLV sequence. Therefore, the C terminus of the epitope is not properly generated. Epitope-containing peptide fragments extended with an additional C-terminal D are not efficiently translocated by TAP and do not show significant binding affinity to MHC class I-Kb molecules. Thus, a potential CTL epitope present in the Friend virus sequence is not properly processed and presented because of a natural flanking aspartic acid that obliterates the correct C-terminal cleavage site. This constitutes a novel way to subvert proteasome-mediated generation of proper antigenic peptide fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Beekman
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
The activation of MHC class II-restricted helper T cells is paramount to adaptive immune responses. Vaccine development could therefore benefit from improved ways of targeting antigens into MHC class II molecules. In recent years, the natural pathways of MHC class II antigen presentation have been exploited to achieve this goal. First, antigenic proteins and peptides have been modified to facilitate receptor-mediated uptake by professional antigen-presenting cells. Second, DNA constructs containing specific targeting sequences have been used to direct endogenously synthesized antigens to the MHC class II compartments. Both strategies proved to be highly effective. We review these data and describe how this knowledge is currently applied to the design of vaccines that activate helper T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Bergen
- Dept of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Toes
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 AZ Leiden, The Netherlands.
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21
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Toes REM, Ossendorp F, van der Voort EIH, Mengedé E, Offringa R, Melief CJM. Peptide Vaccination. Gene Ther 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7011-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Ossendorp F, Mengedé E, Camps M, Filius R, Melief CJ. Specific T helper cell requirement for optimal induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against major histocompatibility complex class II negative tumors. J Exp Med 1998; 187:693-702. [PMID: 9480979 PMCID: PMC2212165 DOI: 10.1084/jem.187.5.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study shows that induction of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells by vaccination with a specific viral T helper epitope, contained within a synthetic peptide, results in protective immunity against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II negative, virus-induced tumor cells. Protection was also induced against sarcoma induction by acutely transforming retrovirus. In contrast, no protective immunity was induced by vaccination with an unrelated T helper epitope. By cytokine pattern analysis, the induced CD4+ T cells were of the T helper cell 1 type. The peptide-specific CD4+ T cells did not directly recognize the tumor cells, indicating involvement of cross-priming by tumor-associated antigen-presenting cells. The main effector cells responsible for tumor eradication were identified as CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that were found to recognize a recently described immunodominant viral gag-encoded cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope, which is unrelated to the viral env-encoded T helper peptide sequence. Simultaneous vaccination with the tumor-specific T helper and CTL epitopes resulted in strong synergistic protection. These results indicate the crucial role of T helper cells for optimal induction of protective immunity against MHC class II negative tumor cells. Protection is dependent on tumor-specific CTLs in this model system and requires cross-priming of tumor antigens by specialized antigen-presenting cells. Thus, tumor-specific T helper epitopes have to be included in the design of epitope-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Bloodbank, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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23
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Ossendorp F, Eggers M, Neisig A, Ruppert T, Groettrup M, Sijts A, Mengedé E, Kloetzel PM, Neefjes J, Koszinowski U, Melief C. A single residue exchange within a viral CTL epitope alters proteasome-mediated degradation resulting in a lack of antigen presentation. Immunol Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(97)85962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Ossendorp F. A single residue exchange within a viral CTL epitope alters proteasome-mediated degradation resulting in a lack of antigen presentation. Immunol Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(97)87800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Ressing ME, Offringa R, Toes RE, Ossendorp F, de Jong JH, Brandt RM, Kast WM, Melief CJ. Immunotherapy of cancer by peptide-based vaccines for the induction of tumor-specific T cell immunity. Immunotechnology 1996; 2:241-51. [PMID: 9373306 DOI: 10.1016/s1380-2933(96)00057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in defining the molecular nature of antigens and in finding ways to manipulate T cell-mediated immune responses may provide new modalities for cancer treatment. In this report, we review preclinical studies as well as the first clinical trials with vaccination strategies aiming at the induction of anti-tumor immunity. In particular, we focus on the development of a vaccine against human papillomavirus-induced cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ressing
- Department of Immunohematology, University Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands
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26
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van den Broek ME, Kägi D, Ossendorp F, Toes R, Vamvakas S, Lutz WK, Melief CJ, Zinkernagel RM, Hengartner H. Decreased tumor surveillance in perforin-deficient mice. J Exp Med 1996; 184:1781-90. [PMID: 8920866 PMCID: PMC2192859 DOI: 10.1084/jem.184.5.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance against tumors usually depends on T cell recognition of tumor antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, whereas MHC class I- tumors may be controlled by natural killer (NK) cells. Perforin-dependent cytotoxicity is a major effector function of CD8+ MHC class I-restricted T cells and of NK cells. Here, we used perforin-deficient C57BL/6 (PKO) mice to study involvement of perforin and Fas ligand in tumor surveillance in vivo. We induced tumors in PKO and normal C57BL/6 mice by (a) injection of different syngeneic tumor cell lines of different tissue origin in naive and primed mice; (b) administration of the chemical carcinogens methylcholanthrene (MCA) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) plus 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), or (c) by injection of acutely oncogenic Moloney sarcoma virus. The first set of models analyzes the defense against a tumor load given at once, whereas the last two sets give information on immune defense against tumors at the very moment of their generation. Most of the tumor cell lines tested were eliminated 10-100-fold better by C57BL/6 mice in an unprimed situation; after priming, the differences were more pronounced. Lymphoma cells transfected with Fas were controlled 10-fold better by PKO and C57BL/6 mice when compared to untransfected control cells, indicating some role for FasL in tumor control. MCA-induced tumors arose more rapidly and with a higher incidence in PKO mice compared to C57BL/6 or CD8-deficient mice. DMBA+TPA-induced skin papillomas arose with similar high incidence and comparable kinetics in both mouse strains. C57BL/6 and PKO mice have a similar incidence of Moloney murine sarcoma and leukemia virus-induced sarcomas, but tumors are larger and regression is retarded in PKO mice. Thus, perforin-dependent cytotoxicity is not only a crucial mechanism of both cytotoxic T lymphocyte- and NK-dependent resistance to injected tumor cell lines, but also operates during viral and chemical carcinogenesis in vivo. Experiments addressing the role of Fas-dependent cytotoxicity by studying resistance to tumor cell lines that were stably transfected with Fas neither provided evidence for a major role of Fas nor excluded a minor contribution of Fas in tumor surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E van den Broek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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Hooijberg E, Visseren MJ, van den Berk PC, Jellema AP, Romeijn P, Sein JJ, van der Voort EI, Hekman A, Ossendorp F, Melief CJ. Lysis of syngeneic tumor B cells by autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a CD19 antigen-derived synthetic peptide. J Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol 1996; 19:346-56. [PMID: 8941874 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199609000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in the destruction of immunogenic tumors. A novel category of target antigens for CTL concerns normal differentiation antigens as most clearly demonstrated in human melanoma. In the case of B-cell cancers, differentiation antigens normally expressed on B cells may be useful targets. In this report, we have focused on the murine B-cell differentiation antigens CD19 and CD20. We have identified 18 peptide sequences on the basis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I binding-motifs as candidates for the induction of autoreactive CTL. Six of the peptides were capable of binding efficiently to either Kb or Db and were subsequently used for in vivo induction of CTL. Vaccination with each of three peptides led to peptide-specific CTL. Two peptides were derived from the mCD20 antigen and one from the mCD19 antigen. CTL specific for the mCD19-derived peptide were also capable of killing a syngeneic B-cell tumor line. Recognition of the peptide as well as the tumor cells was shown to be Kb restricted. This is the first report to show that autoreactive CTL recognizing peptides derived from B-cell-specific differentiation antigens can be generated by vaccination with a synthetic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hooijberg
- Department of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Huis, Amsterdam
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28
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Ossendorp F, Eggers M, Neisig A, Ruppert T, Groettrup M, Sijts A, Mengedë E, Kloetzel PM, Neefjes J, Koszinowski U, Melief C. A single residue exchange within a viral CTL epitope alters proteasome-mediated degradation resulting in lack of antigen presentation. Immunity 1996; 5:115-24. [PMID: 8769475 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CTL epitope (KSPWFTTL) encoded by AKV/MCF type of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) differs from the sequence in Friend/Moloney/Rauscher (FMR) type in one residue (RSPWFTTL). CTL experiments indicated defective processing of the FMR peptide in tumor cells. Proteasome-mediated digestion of AKV/MCF-type 26-mer peptides resulted in the early generation and higher levels of epitope-containing fragments than digestion of FMR-type peptides, explained by prominent cleavage next to R in the FMR sequence. The fragments were identified as 10- and 11-mer peptides and were efficiently translocated by TAP. The naturally presented AKV/MCF peptide is the 8-mer, indicating ER peptide trimming. In conclusion, a single residue exchange can cause CTL epitope destruction by specific proteasomal cleavage.
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MESH Headings
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/drug effects
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/immunology
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/metabolism
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/pharmacology
- Epitopes/drug effects
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/physiology
- Kinetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/immunology
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multienzyme Complexes/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology, Academic Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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29
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Abstract
CD27 is a lymphocyte-specific member of the TNF receptor family and has a TNF-related transmembrane ligand, CD70. The CD27/CD70 receptor-ligand pair cooperates with the TCR in the regulation of the peripheral T cell response. The study presented here reveals that CD27 may play a similar role in thymic pre-T cell development. We have previously cloned the cDNA encoding murine CD27, prepared specific mAbs and observed that murine CD27 is expressed on virtually all thymocytes, with the exception of a subpopulation of CD4-8- precursor T cells. It is shown here that induction of murine CD27 expression occurs at the transition from the CD4-8-25+ to the CD4-8-25- precursor T cell stage and is regulated by the pre-TCR. Therefore, we investigated whether CD27 contributes to pre-TCR-mediated thymocyte development. Pre-TCR function was mimicked by the induction of CD3 signaling in thymocytes of recombination activating gene (RAG)-deficient mice. This in vivo anti-CD3 epsilon mAb treatment induces an about fifty fold numerical expansion of CD4-8-25+ thymocytes and their differentiation to the CD4+8+25- stage. Co-injection of anti-CD27 mAb inhibited the CD3-mediated expansion and differentiation of the CD4-8-25+ precursor population. Also, injection of anti-CD27 mAb in TCR alpha-/- mutant mice led to a reduction in the absolute number of CD4+8+25- thymocytes. We present evidence that in these in vivo systems, anti-CD27 mAb inhibits CD27-ligand interaction. Therefore, we conclude that CD27 may contribute to normal murine T cell development by synergizing with the pre-TCR-mediated signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Gravestein
- Division of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Jacobs H, Ossendorp F, de Vries E, Ungewiss K, von Boehmer H, Borst J, Berns A. Oncogenic potential of a pre-T cell receptor lacking the TCR beta variable domain. Oncogene 1996; 12:2089-99. [PMID: 8668334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In transgenic mice expressing a mutated T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain lacking the variable domain (DeltaV-TCRbeta) T cell differentiation is arrested at the CD4+ CD8+ thymocyte stage. Here, we report that these transgenic animals develop CD4+, CD8+, IL-2 receptor alpha-positive T cell lymphomas at a very high incidence. Introduction of a normal TCRbeta gene into the DeltaV-TCRbeta transgenic mice drastically reduces the tumor incidence, while crossing the DeltaV-TCRbeta transgene onto a recombinase-deficient RAG-1-/- background does not prevent tumor development. Therefore, the induction of T cell lymphomas is a property of the mutated TCRbeta chain. The DeltaV-TCRbeta chain appears at the cell surface as a disulfide-linked DeltaV-TCRbeta/pTalpha dimer in association with CD3gamma and -episilon, but not with CD3delta. This mutated preTCR/CD3 complex is shown to induce pre-T cell proliferation and differentiation, but does not permit formation of a normally sized CD4+8+ thymic compartment. DeltaV-TCRbeta transgenic mice frequently show an expansion of CD4+8+, IL-2 receptor alpha+ pre-T cells early in life. These cells likely represent the population that is subject to oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jacobs
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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31
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Feltkamp MC, Vierboom MP, Toes RE, Ossendorp F, ter Schegget J, Melief CJ, Kast WM. Competition inhibition of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) lysis, a more sensitive method to identify candidate CTL epitopes than induction of antibody-detected MHC class I stabilization. Immunol Lett 1995; 47:1-8. [PMID: 8537084 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(95)00052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We compared the efficiency of two commonly used cellular major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I peptide-binding assays to identify a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope-containing peptide among length variants derived from the human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV 16) oncoprotein E7. Although both assays identified the same sequence (E7 49-57) as the most efficient Db-binding peptide, the efficiency by which they did so differed markedly. In a peptide competition cytotoxicity (PCC) assay, based on inhibition of CTL lysis by competition for binding to MHC class-I molecules between a known CTL epitope-containing peptide and peptide of interest, E7 49-57 bound 45-fold more efficiently to Db than the second Db-binding peptide in line. In the widely used RMA-S MHC class I peptide-binding assay, based on peptide-induced stabilization of 'empty' MHC class-I molecules at the surface of antigen-processing defective RMA-S cells, this difference was only 3 fold. Similar differences were observed when other Db-restricted CTL clones and CTL epitope-containing peptides were used in the PCC assay. The same phenomenon was observed when peptide binding affinities for H-2Kb were analyzed in both assays. We conclude that the PCC assay discriminates more efficiently between high- and low-affinity MHC class I binding peptides than the RMA-S assay. This observation is ascribed to the fact that peptide-MHC class I dissociation is an important parameter in the PCC but not the RMA-S assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Feltkamp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Migchielsen AA, Breuer ML, van Roon MA, te Riele H, Zurcher C, Ossendorp F, Toutain S, Hershfield MS, Berns A, Valerio D. Adenosine-deaminase-deficient mice die perinatally and exhibit liver-cell degeneration, atelectasis and small intestinal cell death. Nat Genet 1995; 10:279-87. [PMID: 7670465 DOI: 10.1038/ng0795-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation and characterization of mice lacking adenosine deaminase (ADA). In humans, absence of ADA causes severe combined immunodeficiency. In contrast, ADA-deficient mice die perinatally with marked liver-cell degeneration, but lack abnormalities in the thymus. The ADA substrates, adenosine and deoxyadenosine, are increased in ADA-deficient mice. Adenine deoxyribonucleotides are only modestly elevated, whereas S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity is reduced more than 85%. Consequently, the ratio of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoMet) to S-adenosyl homocysteine (AdoHcy) is reduced threefold in liver. We conclude that ADA plays a more critical role in murine than human fetal development. The murine liver pathology may be due to AdoHcy-mediated inhibition of AdoMet-dependent transmethylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Migchielsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Sylvius Laboratories, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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33
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Orsini DL, Kooy YM, Struyk L, Ossendorp F, Van den Elsen P, Koning F. Identification of two distinct function gamma delta TCR complexes on the surface of a human T cell clone. Scand J Immunol 1995; 41:499-503. [PMID: 7725069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study we describe the expression of two T cell receptor (TCR) gamma chains on the surface of a human T cell clone isolated from the peripheral blood. Each gamma chain was part of an independent and functional TCR. The dual receptor T cell clone (and all subclones derived from this clone) had stable expression of this phenotype. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed the expression of non-disulfide linked TCRs by this V gamma 4+V gamma 9+V delta 1+ T cell clone, which was in agreement with the finding that both V gamma gene transcripts were rearranged to C gamma 2-associated joining elements. Both gamma chains were derived from productive rearrangements of different (allelic) genes coding for a V gamma 4+ and a V gamma 9+ gamma-chain, and both were coupled to a V delta 1+ delta chain. Incubation of this V gamma 4+V gamma 9+V delta 1+ T cell clone with TCR gamma-chain-specific MoAbs rapidly induced an increase in intracellular Ca++, indicating that both gamma-chains are functional. Furthermore, this clone responded to stimulation with S. aureus derived superantigens. We suggest therefore that exogenous (super)antigens can trigger dual receptor T cells resulting in activation of these T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Orsini
- Department of Immunohaematology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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34
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Neisig A, Roelse J, Sijts AJ, Ossendorp F, Feltkamp MC, Kast WM, Melief CJ, Neefjes JJ. Major differences in transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP)-dependent translocation of MHC class I-presentable peptides and the effect of flanking sequences. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.154.3.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The MHC-encoded transporter associated with Ag presentation (TAP) translocates peptides from the cytosol to the ER lumen, where association with MHC class I molecules occurs. The MHC class I/peptide complex is subsequently transported to the cell surface for presentation to CD8+T cells. We studied TAP-dependent translocation of defined MHC class I presentable murine peptides by competition for translocation of a radiolabeled model peptide, to address whether efficient peptide presentation by MHC class I molecules is preceded by equal efficient peptide translocation by TAP. Surprisingly, we observed that four immunodominant viral peptides of 16 peptides tested were very inefficiently transported by TAP. Inefficient translocation could be overcome by substitution of a proline residue present at position 3 in the peptides. Furthermore, addition of natural flanking amino acids directly surrounding a poorly transported peptide could considerably improve translocation by TAP. Our data suggest that some peptides are efficiently transported by TAP in their optimal size for MHC class I binding, whereas other peptides are transported as larger peptide fragments that need further trimming in the ER for MHC class I binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Neisig
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Roelse
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A J Sijts
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M C Feltkamp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W M Kast
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C J Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J J Neefjes
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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35
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Neisig A, Roelse J, Sijts AJ, Ossendorp F, Feltkamp MC, Kast WM, Melief CJ, Neefjes JJ. Major differences in transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP)-dependent translocation of MHC class I-presentable peptides and the effect of flanking sequences. J Immunol 1995; 154:1273-9. [PMID: 7822796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The MHC-encoded transporter associated with Ag presentation (TAP) translocates peptides from the cytosol to the ER lumen, where association with MHC class I molecules occurs. The MHC class I/peptide complex is subsequently transported to the cell surface for presentation to CD8+T cells. We studied TAP-dependent translocation of defined MHC class I presentable murine peptides by competition for translocation of a radiolabeled model peptide, to address whether efficient peptide presentation by MHC class I molecules is preceded by equal efficient peptide translocation by TAP. Surprisingly, we observed that four immunodominant viral peptides of 16 peptides tested were very inefficiently transported by TAP. Inefficient translocation could be overcome by substitution of a proline residue present at position 3 in the peptides. Furthermore, addition of natural flanking amino acids directly surrounding a poorly transported peptide could considerably improve translocation by TAP. Our data suggest that some peptides are efficiently transported by TAP in their optimal size for MHC class I binding, whereas other peptides are transported as larger peptide fragments that need further trimming in the ER for MHC class I binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Neisig
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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36
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Sijts AJ, De Bruijn ML, Ressing ME, Nieland JD, Mengedé EA, Boog CJ, Ossendorp F, Kast WM, Melief CJ. Identification of an H-2 Kb-presented Moloney murine leukemia virus cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope that displays enhanced recognition in H-2 Db mutant bm13 mice. J Virol 1994; 68:6038-46. [PMID: 7520098 PMCID: PMC237009 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.68.9.6038-6046.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon infection with the Moloney murine sarcoma virus-murine leukemia virus (MuLV) complex, H-2b C57BL/6 (B6) mice respond with a class I Db-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response, which protects against virus-induced tumorigenesis. In the B6-derived Db mutant B6.CH-2bm13 (bm13) strain, part of the class I Db antigen-presenting groove is shaped by a class I Kb-encoded sequence. Like B6 mice, bm13 mice reject Moloney virus-induced tumors, but the protective CTL response is Kb restricted. In this study we show enhanced levels of Moloney MuLV-specific CTLp with a restriction for Kb in bm13 mice. Through the use of CTL clones from Moloney virus-immunized bm13 mice, the class I Kb-presented CTL epitope was identified. The epitope is located in the Moloney virus gp70 envelope protein region (Moloney envelope, amino acids 189 to 196 [Mol env (189-196)]), SSWDFITV and has the Kb allele-specific binding motif. The Dbm13 molecule does not present the env(189 to 196) epitope to Kb-restricted bm13 CTL. In B6 mice, Mol env(189-196)-specific CTL could be induced by peptide vaccination. B6 mice thus have CTL precursors specific for this epitope but at considerably lower levels than do bm13 mice. We hypothesize that additional positive selection of Kb-restricted CTL on the Dbm13 molecule in bm13 mice explains this difference in precursor frequencies. We examined related strains of MuLV for the presence of Mol env(189-196) sequence equivalents. Rauscher, Friend, and AKV MuLV-encoded Mol env(189-196) epitope equivalents were properly recognized in cytotoxicity assays, both as synthetic and as endogenously expressed (Rauscher MuLV) peptides. In contrast, the mink cell focus-forming virus MuLV-encoded epitope equivalent, lacking a Kb anchor residue, was not presented for CTL recognition and hence can be excluded as an important CTL epitope for mink cell focus-forming viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sijts
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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37
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Sijts AJ, Ossendorp F, Mengedé EA, van den Elsen PJ, Melief CJ. Immunodominant mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-encoded CTL epitope, identified by its MHC class I-binding motif, explains MuLV-type specificity of MCF-directed cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
H-2b mice are immunologic responders to the tumorigenic MCF1233 murine leukemia virus (MuLV), an AKV-related virus derived from endogenous C57BL MuLV. We have identified an immunodominant CTL epitope that is expressed on MCF1233 MuLV-induced lymphomas of H-2b mice. C57BL/10 (B10) mice were immunized with an MCF1233-induced B10 B cell lymphoma, and tumor-specific CTL cultures were generated in vitro. These were tested for recognition of synthetic class I-binding MuLV peptides, selected for class I allele-specific motifs. One of 28 candidate peptides sensitized target cells for CTL recognition. This peptide seems to be an immuno-dominant epitope, because it was recognized by all independent CTL clones, isolated from the tumor-specific bulk culture. The epitope (KSPWFTTL) is derived from the MCF1233 MuLV envelope (env)-p15E region and is shared by all endogenous AKV types of MuLV. It has an optimal length of eight amino acids and is presented by the Kb H-2 class I molecule. Interestingly, Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher (FMR) types of MuLV are not recognized by MCF MuLV-directed CTL. The FMR env-p15E proteins have a single amino acid difference at the first position of the MCF1233 MuLV epitope (RSPWFTTL instead of KSPWFTTL). The corresponding FMR-encoded peptide bound class I H-2 Kb equally well as the MCF peptide, but it was poorly recognized by MCF1233 MuLV-specific CTL. Moreover, in the Rauscher MuLV-induced cell line RMA the FMr peptide seems not to be processed for recognition by CTL, which was illustrated by experiments with CTL elicited against this peptide. Altered TCR interaction as well as lack of processing thus may explain the type specificity of MCF1233 MuLV-directed CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sijts
- Department of Immunohaematology, Academic Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohaematology, Academic Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E A Mengedé
- Department of Immunohaematology, Academic Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P J van den Elsen
- Department of Immunohaematology, Academic Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C J Melief
- Department of Immunohaematology, Academic Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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38
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Sijts AJ, Ossendorp F, Mengedé EA, van den Elsen PJ, Melief CJ. Immunodominant mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-encoded CTL epitope, identified by its MHC class I-binding motif, explains MuLV-type specificity of MCF-directed cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Immunol 1994; 152:106-16. [PMID: 8254184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
H-2b mice are immunologic responders to the tumorigenic MCF1233 murine leukemia virus (MuLV), an AKV-related virus derived from endogenous C57BL MuLV. We have identified an immunodominant CTL epitope that is expressed on MCF1233 MuLV-induced lymphomas of H-2b mice. C57BL/10 (B10) mice were immunized with an MCF1233-induced B10 B cell lymphoma, and tumor-specific CTL cultures were generated in vitro. These were tested for recognition of synthetic class I-binding MuLV peptides, selected for class I allele-specific motifs. One of 28 candidate peptides sensitized target cells for CTL recognition. This peptide seems to be an immuno-dominant epitope, because it was recognized by all independent CTL clones, isolated from the tumor-specific bulk culture. The epitope (KSPWFTTL) is derived from the MCF1233 MuLV envelope (env)-p15E region and is shared by all endogenous AKV types of MuLV. It has an optimal length of eight amino acids and is presented by the Kb H-2 class I molecule. Interestingly, Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher (FMR) types of MuLV are not recognized by MCF MuLV-directed CTL. The FMR env-p15E proteins have a single amino acid difference at the first position of the MCF1233 MuLV epitope (RSPWFTTL instead of KSPWFTTL). The corresponding FMR-encoded peptide bound class I H-2 Kb equally well as the MCF peptide, but it was poorly recognized by MCF1233 MuLV-specific CTL. Moreover, in the Rauscher MuLV-induced cell line RMA the FMr peptide seems not to be processed for recognition by CTL, which was illustrated by experiments with CTL elicited against this peptide. Altered TCR interaction as well as lack of processing thus may explain the type specificity of MCF1233 MuLV-directed CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sijts
- Department of Immunohaematology, Academic Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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39
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Gravestein LA, Blom B, Nolten LA, de Vries E, van der Horst G, Ossendorp F, Borst J, Loenen WA. Cloning and expression of murine CD27: comparison with 4-1BB, another lymphocyte-specific member of the nerve growth factor receptor family. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:943-50. [PMID: 8384562 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830230427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CD27 is a member of the nerve growth factor receptor family, that includes two types of tumor necrosis factor receptor, CD40 and Fas/Apo-1. Human CD27 has been found only on lymphocytes. In T cells, its expression strongly increases in a transient fashion upon antigenic stimulation, suggesting that CD27 plays a role during T cell activation. To analyze the function of CD27, we have identified the murine CD27 at the cDNA and protein level. Murine CD27 shows an identity of 65% compared with human CD27. The amino-terminal cysteine-rich region, i.e. the putative ligand-binding domain, and the carboxy-terminal part of the cytoplasmic domain are approximately 80% identical in man and mouse. Murine CD27 has 29% identity to 4-1BB, another lymphocyte-specific member of the receptor family defined only at the cDNA level. Murine CD27 and 4-1BB have 39% homology in the cysteine-rich domain and share a conserved region in the cytoplasmic tail. Expression studies identified murine CD27 mRNA in thymus and spleen, but not in non-lymphoid tissues, while 4-1BB mRNA was not detected in any tissue tested. In resting T cells, only murine CD27 mRNA was found, while in activated T cells murine CD27 as well as 4-1BB were present at high levels. Murine CD27 and 4-1BB mRNA are expressed with different kinetics during T cell activation, suggesting that these molecules play different roles in this process. Peptide antisera identified murine CD27 as a 45-kDa protein on thymocytes and activated T cells, while 4-1BB was precipitated as a 35-40-kDa protein from activated T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Sequence Alignment
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Tissue Distribution
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Gravestein
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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40
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Abstract
For optimal activation of T cells, binding of their T cell receptor to antigenic peptides in the context of major histocompatibility complex molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC) is not sufficient. Accessory signals, provided by accessory cells, are needed to induce proliferation and clonal expansion of normal T cells. It has been shown previously that the B7 molecule, present on the cell surface of activated APC, can provide the second signal by binding to the CD28 molecule on T cells. Here we describe a novel anti-B7 (mAb), B7-24. This mAb binds to a functionally important epitope of the B7 molecule. Fab fragments of B7-24 can almost completely block anti-CD3-induced, B7-dependent T cell proliferation when tested in a model system where purified T cells are co-cultured with 3T6 cells expressing the human Fc gamma RII and human B7, in the presence of anti-CD3 mAb. In contrast, mAb B7-24 is not able to inhibit T cell proliferation in primary mixed lymphocyte reactions where purified T cells are co-cultured with Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells. These findings suggest that other cell surface molecules allow for maximal proliferation of T cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions, even when the interaction between B7 and CD28 is blocked by B7-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de Boer
- Department of Immunology, Cetus Corp., Emeryville
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41
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Ossendorp F, Jacobs H, van der Horst G, de Vries E, Berns A, Borst J. T cell receptor-alpha beta lacking the beta-chain V domain can be expressed at the cell surface but prohibits T cell maturation. J Immunol 1992; 148:3714-22. [PMID: 1351085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
A TCR-beta gene lacking V domain sequences (delta V-TCR-beta) was inserted into the germline of mice. Expression of the transgene inhibited endogenous TCR-beta, but not TCR-alpha gene rearrangement and expression. The mutated TCR-beta gene affected alpha beta T cell development: the common thymocyte pool was normal in cell number, with cells expressing CD4 and CD8, but the mature, "CD3bright" population expressing either CD4 or CD8 molecules was reduced by 90%. To help understand these effects on TCR-beta gene rearrangement and T cell development, biosynthesis of the delta V-TCR-beta protein was analyzed in a tumor cell line derived from a transgenic mouse. Despite absence of the V domain, the delta V-TCR-beta chain paired with endogenous TCR-alpha chains and assembled with CD3 gamma, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta components in the endoplasmatic reticulum, followed by transport through the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane. Therefore, assembly of the complex, and even cell surface expression, may be relevant for allelic exclusion of the TCR-beta gene. In the common thymocyte population, the CD3 components, endogenous TCR-alpha, and the delta V-TCR-beta gene product were expressed at the RNA level, but endogenous TCR-beta was not. The TCR-alpha delta beta/CD3 complex was present at the cell surface at low levels and was functional in terms of anti-CD3-induced Ca2+ mobilization. The observed arrest of alpha beta T cell development at the CD4+8+ thymocyte stage indicates that ligand recognition by the TCR, with contribution of the beta-chain V domain, is not required for transition of CD4-8- thymocytes to the CD4+8+ phenotype, but necessary for entry into the "single positive," CD3bright differentiation stage.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- CD3 Complex
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ossendorp
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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42
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Ossendorp F, Jacobs H, van der Horst G, de Vries E, Berns A, Borst J. T cell receptor-alpha beta lacking the beta-chain V domain can be expressed at the cell surface but prohibits T cell maturation. The Journal of Immunology 1992. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.148.12.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A TCR-beta gene lacking V domain sequences (delta V-TCR-beta) was inserted into the germline of mice. Expression of the transgene inhibited endogenous TCR-beta, but not TCR-alpha gene rearrangement and expression. The mutated TCR-beta gene affected alpha beta T cell development: the common thymocyte pool was normal in cell number, with cells expressing CD4 and CD8, but the mature, "CD3bright" population expressing either CD4 or CD8 molecules was reduced by 90%. To help understand these effects on TCR-beta gene rearrangement and T cell development, biosynthesis of the delta V-TCR-beta protein was analyzed in a tumor cell line derived from a transgenic mouse. Despite absence of the V domain, the delta V-TCR-beta chain paired with endogenous TCR-alpha chains and assembled with CD3 gamma, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta components in the endoplasmatic reticulum, followed by transport through the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane. Therefore, assembly of the complex, and even cell surface expression, may be relevant for allelic exclusion of the TCR-beta gene. In the common thymocyte population, the CD3 components, endogenous TCR-alpha, and the delta V-TCR-beta gene product were expressed at the RNA level, but endogenous TCR-beta was not. The TCR-alpha delta beta/CD3 complex was present at the cell surface at low levels and was functional in terms of anti-CD3-induced Ca2+ mobilization. The observed arrest of alpha beta T cell development at the CD4+8+ thymocyte stage indicates that ligand recognition by the TCR, with contribution of the beta-chain V domain, is not required for transition of CD4-8- thymocytes to the CD4+8+ phenotype, but necessary for entry into the "single positive," CD3bright differentiation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ossendorp
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - H Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - G van der Horst
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - E de Vries
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - A Berns
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - J Borst
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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43
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Abstract
In man and mice only a small proportion of T cells in the peripheral lymphoid compartment express the gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR). In mice, however, gamma delta T cells comprise the predominant population at particular epithelial sites--in epidermis and epithelia of intestine, reproductive organs, and tongue. The distribution of gamma delta T cells in normal human tissues was investigated, paying particular attention to epithelial layers. In all lymphatic organs and in epithelia of a wide variety of non-lymphatic organs, including the respiratory tract, male and female reproductive organs and tongue, gamma delta T cells constituted less than 5% of total T cells, with the remainder expressing TCR alpha beta. The only exception was the intestine, where gamma delta T cells were preferentially situated in the columnar epithelium of the crypts, rather than in the lamina propria. It is concluded, therefore, that human gamma delta T cells do not display a general epithelial tropism and are, in terms of relative numbers, no more able than alpha beta T cells to carry out continuous surveillance of the immune system against infection or transformation in epithelia. gamma delta T cells may, however, have a specialised function in the epithelium of the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Vroom
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam Cancer Center, The Netherlands
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44
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Abstract
Classical T lymphocytes recognize foreign antigens in the context of self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by means of the T-cell receptor (TCR)alpha beta heterodimer. The genes for TCR beta-chains, like immunoglobulin genes, are subject to allelic exclusion. The introduction of a functional TCR-beta gene into the germline of mice prevents rearrangement of endogenous TCR-beta genes. Here we report that the introduction of a non-functional TCR-beta genes. Here we report that the introduction of a non-functional TCR-beta gene with a deletion of the major part of the variable region (delta V-TCR-beta), also inhibits endogenous TCR-beta gene rearrangement. This inhibition is mediated via the encoded protein because impairment of endogenous TCR-beta gene rearrangement is not found if a frameshift mutation is introduced into the DJ region of the delta V-TCR-beta transgene. The delta V-TCR-beta transgene can lead to two phenotypes, in which lymphoid development is perturbed. Phenotype A is characterized by a severe impairment of both T and B cell development as reflected by the complete absence of certain lymphoid organs. In phenotype B, lymphoid organs are macroscopically normal, but T cell differentiation is impeded. Virtually all thymocytes lack membrane expression of TCR-alpha beta, but nevertheless carry the CD4 and CD8 antigens (CD4+CD8+ phenotype); they do not, however, mature further. The defect in mice of phenotype B but not of phenotype A can be corrected by the introduction of a functional TCR-beta gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Krimpenfort
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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