1
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Kommer A, Meineck M, Classen P, Weinmann-Menke J. A20 in Kidney Transplantation and Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6628. [PMID: 38928333 PMCID: PMC11203976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A20, the central inhibitor of NFκB, has multiple anti-inflammatory properties, making it an interesting target in kidney autoimmune disease and transplant biology. It has been shown to be able to inhibit inflammatory functions in macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells in various ways, leading to less tissue damage and better graft outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the current literature regarding A20 in kidney transplantation and autoimmunity. Future investigations on animal models and in existing immunosuppressive therapies are needed to establish A20 as a therapeutic target in kidney transplantation and autoimmunity. Cell-based therapies, modified viruses or RNA-based therapies could provide a way for A20 to be utilized as a promising mediator of inflammation and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kommer
- Department of Nephrology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, D 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (P.C.)
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2
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Merino-Vico A, van Hamburg JP, Tuijnenburg P, Frazzei G, Al-Soudi A, Bonasia CG, Helder B, Rutgers A, Abdulahad WH, Stegeman CA, Sanders JS, Bergamaschi L, Lyons PA, Bijma T, van Keep L, Wesenhagen K, Jongejan A, Olsson H, de Vries N, Kuijpers TW, Heeringa P, Tas SW. Targeting NF-κB signaling in B cells as a potential new treatment modality for ANCA-associated vasculitis. J Autoimmun 2024; 142:103133. [PMID: 37931331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
B lineage cells are critically involved in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), evidenced by alterations in circulating B cell subsets and beneficial clinical effects of rituximab (anti-CD20) therapy. This treatment renders a long-term, peripheral B cell depletion, but allows for the survival of long-lived plasma cells. Therefore, there is an unmet need for more reversible and full B lineage cell targeting approaches. To find potential novel therapeutic targets, RNA sequencing of CD27+ memory B cells of patients with active AAV was performed, revealing an upregulated NF-κB-associated gene signature. NF-κB signaling pathways act downstream of various B cell surface receptors, including the BCR, CD40, BAFFR and TLRs, and are essential for B cell responses. Here we demonstrate that novel pharmacological inhibitors of NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK, non-canonical NF-κB signaling) and inhibitor-of-κB-kinase-β (IKKβ, canonical NF-κB signaling) can effectively inhibit NF-κB signaling in B cells, whereas T cell responses were largely unaffected. Moreover, both inhibitors significantly reduced B cell proliferation, differentiation and production of antibodies, including proteinase-3 (PR3) autoantibodies, in B lineage cells of AAV patients. These findings indicate that targeting NF-κB, particularly NIK, may be an effective, novel B lineage cell targeted therapy for AAV and other autoimmune diseases with prominent B cell involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merino-Vico
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Piet van Hamburg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Tuijnenburg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giulia Frazzei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aram Al-Soudi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo G Bonasia
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Boy Helder
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen A Stegeman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Bergamaschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffre Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffre Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Theo Bijma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura van Keep
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Wesenhagen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henric Olsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niek de Vries
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Johann L, Soldati S, Müller K, Lampe J, Marini F, Klein M, Schramm E, Ries N, Schelmbauer C, Palagi I, Karram K, Assmann JC, Khan MA, Wenzel J, Schmidt MH, Körbelin J, Schlüter D, van Loo G, Bopp T, Engelhardt B, Schwaninger M, Waisman A. A20 regulates lymphocyte adhesion in murine neuroinflammation by restricting endothelial ICOSL expression in the CNS. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168314. [PMID: 37856217 PMCID: PMC10721159 DOI: 10.1172/jci168314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A20 is a ubiquitin-modifying protein that negatively regulates NF-κB signaling. Mutations in A20/TNFAIP3 are associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We found that deletion of A20 in central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells (ECs) enhances experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. A20ΔCNS-EC mice showed increased numbers of CNS-infiltrating immune cells during neuroinflammation and in the steady state. While the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was not impaired, we observed a strong activation of CNS-ECs in these mice, with dramatically increased levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. We discovered ICOSL to be expressed by A20-deficient CNS-ECs, which we found to function as adhesion molecules. Silencing of ICOSL in CNS microvascular ECs partly reversed the phenotype of A20ΔCNS-EC mice without reaching statistical significance and delayed the onset of EAE symptoms in WT mice. In addition, blocking of ICOSL on primary mouse brain microvascular ECs impaired the adhesion of T cells in vitro. Taken together, we propose that CNS EC-ICOSL contributes to the firm adhesion of T cells to the BBB, promoting their entry into the CNS and eventually driving neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Johann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Müller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Schramm
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Ries
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schelmbauer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ilaria Palagi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian C. Assmann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mahtab A. Khan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirko H.H. Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Geert van Loo
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
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4
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Gammaherpesvirus-mediated repression reveals EWSR1 to be a negative regulator of B cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123362119. [PMID: 35921433 PMCID: PMC9371696 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123362119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) plays a central role in the generation of antigen-specific B cells and antibodies. Tight regulation of the GC is essential due to the inherent risks of tumorigenesis and autoimmunity posed by inappropriate GC B cell processes. Gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) utilize numerous armaments to drive infected naïve B cells, independent of antigen, through GC reactions to expand the latently infected B cell population and establish a stable latency reservoir. We previously demonstrated that the MHV68 microRNA (miRNA) mghv-miR-M1-7-5p represses host EWSR1 (Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1) to promote B cell infection. EWSR1 is a transcription and splicing regulator that is recognized for its involvement as a fusion protein in Ewing sarcoma. A function for EWSR1 in B cell responses has not been previously reported. Here, we demonstrate that 1) B cell-specific deletion of EWSR1 had no effect on generation of mature B cell subsets or basal immunoglobulin levels in naïve mice, 2) repression or ablation of EWSR1 in B cells promoted expansion of MHV68 latently infected GC B cells, and 3) B cell-specific deletion of EWSR1 during a normal immune response to nonviral antigen resulted in significantly elevated numbers of antigen-specific GC B cells, plasma cells, and circulating antibodies. Notably, EWSR1 deficiency did not affect the proliferation or survival of GC B cells but instead resulted in the generation of increased numbers of precursor GC B cells. Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate that EWSR1 is a negative regulator of B cell responses.
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5
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Azhdari S, Saghi M, Alani B, Zare Rafie M, Kenarangi T, Nasrollahzadeh Sabet M, Pakzad B, Ghorashi T, Gholami M, Soosanabadi M. Assessment of the association between TNIP1 polymorphism with clinical features and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2022; 31:903-909. [PMID: 35475371 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221094706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the past decades, TNIP1 has been identified as a strong risk locus in multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS), spanning multiple populations and various autoimmune diseases. TNIP1 is a polyubiquitin-binding protein that works as a physiological inhibitor of NF-κB and maintains immune homeostasis. Some studies have confirmed that TNIP1 is downregulated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the current study, for the first time, we evaluated the possible association between rs6889239 polymorphism in the TNIP1 gene with the risk and clinical characteristics of RA and SLE in the Iranian population. METHOD In this case-control study, 115 patients with RA, 115 patients with SLE, and 115 unrelated healthy subjects were enrolled to estimate rs6889239 genotypes with real-time PCR high resolution melting (HRM) method. RESULTS Our results demonstrated considerable associations between CC genotype and C allele of rs6889239 with augmented risk of SLE (OR for CC genotype= 2.23; 95%CI [1.175-4.307], OR for C allele= 1.84; 95%CI [1.254-2.720]). However, there was an insignificant association between genotypes and allele frequencies of rs6889239 with the occurrence risk of RA in the population under study (p > 0.05). Additionally, stratification analysis specified that the C allele in rs6889239 was linked with the incidence of renal involvement in SLE patients and lower age of onset in the RA group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings propose a significant association between TNIP1 polymorphism and higher risk of SLE and some clinical characteristics of RA and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, 394237Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mostafa Saghi
- School of Medicine, 162996AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 48462Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare Rafie
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, 48539Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Taiebe Kenarangi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Statistics, 48533University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bahram Pakzad
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, 108867Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ghorashi
- Department of Medical Genetics, 154203Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Milad Gholami
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, 48412Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohsen Soosanabadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, 154203Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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6
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Reed JH. Transforming mutations in the development of pathogenic B cell clones and autoantibodies. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:101-115. [PMID: 35001403 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by serum autoantibodies, some of which are pathogenic, causing severe manifestations and organ injury. However, autoantibodies of the same antigenic reactivity are also present in the serum of asymptomatic people years before they develop any clinical signs of autoimmunity. Autoantibodies can arise during multiple stages of B cell development, and various genetic and environmental factors drive their production. However, what drives the development of pathogenic autoantibodies is poorly understood. Advances in single-cell technology have enabled the deep analysis of rare B cell clones producing pathogenic autoantibodies responsible for vasculitis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated by mixed cryoglobulinaemia. These findings demonstrated a cascade of genetic events involving stereotypic immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination and transforming somatic mutations in lymphoma genes and V(D)J regions that disrupted antibody quality control mechanisms and decreased autoantibody solubility. Most studies consider V(D)J mutations that enhance autoantibody affinity to drive pathology; however, V(D)J mutations that increase autoantibody propensity to form insoluble complexes could be a major contributor to autoantibody pathogenicity. Defining the molecular characteristics of pathogenic autoantibodies and failed tolerance checkpoints driving their formation will improve prognostication, enabling early treatment to prevent escalating organ damage and B cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne H Reed
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Breitenecker K, Homolya M, Luca AC, Lang V, Trenk C, Petroczi G, Mohrherr J, Horvath J, Moritsch S, Haas L, Kurnaeva M, Eferl R, Stoiber D, Moriggl R, Bilban M, Obenauf AC, Ferran C, Dome B, Laszlo V, Győrffy B, Dezso K, Moldvay J, Casanova E, Moll HP. Down-regulation of A20 promotes immune escape of lung adenocarcinomas. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc3911. [PMID: 34233950 PMCID: PMC7611502 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-known driver of lung tumorigenesis. One strategy by which tumor cells escape tight homeostatic control is by decreasing the expression of the potent anti-inflammatory protein tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), also known as A20. We observed that tumor cell intrinsic loss of A20 markedly enhanced lung tumorigenesis and was associated with reduced CD8+ T cell-mediated immune surveillance in patients with lung cancer and in mouse models. In mice, we observed that this effect was completely dependent on increased cellular sensitivity to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling by aberrant activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and increased downstream expression and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Interrupting this autocrine feed forward loop by knocking out IFN-α/β receptor completely restored infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and rescued loss of A20 depending tumorigenesis. Downstream of STAT1, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was highly expressed in A20 knockout lung tumors. Accordingly, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment was highly efficient in mice harboring A20-deficient lung tumors. Furthermore, an A20 loss-of-function gene expression signature positively correlated with survival of melanoma patients treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1. Together, we have identified A20 as a master immune checkpoint regulating the TBK1-STAT1-PD-L1 axis that may be exploited to improve ICB therapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Breitenecker
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Homolya
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreea C Luca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Lang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Trenk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Petroczi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Mohrherr
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaqueline Horvath
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Haas
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, AT-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Kurnaeva
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, AT-3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, AT-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna C Obenauf
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, AT-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Transplant Institute and the Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Balazs Dome
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- 1st Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, HU-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology and Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- 1st Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, HU-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, HU-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, HU-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, HU-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezso
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, HU-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- 1st Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, HU-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig P Moll
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Ankylosing spondylitis: an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:387-404. [PMID: 34113018 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Unlike other systemic autoimmune diseases, in AS, the innate immune system has a dominant role characterized by aberrant activity of innate and innate-like immune cells, including γδ T cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, neutrophils, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and mast cells, at sites predisposed to the disease. The intestine is involved in disease manifestations, as it is at the forefront of the interaction between the mucosal-associated immune cells and the intestinal microbiota. Similarly, biomechanical factors, such as entheseal micro-trauma, might also be involved in the pathogenesis of the articular manifestation of AS, and sentinel immune cells located in the entheses could provide links between local damage, genetic predisposition and the development of chronic inflammation. Although these elements might support the autoinflammatory nature of AS, studies demonstrating the presence of autoantibodies (such as anti-CD74, anti-sclerostin and anti-noggin antibodies) and evidence of activation and clonal expansion of T cell populations support an autoimmune component to the disease. This Review presents the evidence for autoinflammation and the evidence for autoimmunity in AS and, by discussing the pathophysiological factors associated with each, aims to reconcile the two hypotheses.
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9
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Zhang L, Zhou S, Zhou T, Li X, Tang J. Potential of the tumor‑derived extracellular vesicles carrying the miR‑125b‑5p target TNFAIP3 in reducing the sensitivity of diffuse large B cell lymphoma to rituximab. Int J Oncol 2021; 58:31. [PMID: 33887878 PMCID: PMC8078569 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common and aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cancer cells are known to modify the tumor microenvironment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-125b-3p carried by EVs in DLBCL in vitro and in vivo. TNFAIP3 expression in patient lesions was measured and the upstream miR that regulates TNFAIP3 was predicted using the starBase database. EVs were isolated from DLBCL cells and identified. DLBCL cells were transfected with pcDNA to overexpress TNFAIP3 or inhibit miR-125b-5p expression, incubated with EVs, and treated with rituximab to compare cell growth and TNFAIP3/CD20 expression. DLBCL model mice were administered EVs, conditioned medium, and rituximab to observe changes in tumor size, volume, and weight. TNFAIP3 was downregulated in patients with DLBCL and its levels further decreased in patients with drug-resistant DLBCL. Overexpression of TNFAIP3 in DLBCL cells enhanced the inhibitory effect of rituximab and increased CD20 expression. miR-125b-5p targeted TNFAIP3. Inhibition of miR-125b-5p enhanced the inhibitory effect of rituximab in DLBCL cells. The EV-carried miR-125b-5p reduced the sensitivity of DLBCL cells to rituximab, which was averted by overexpression of TNFAIP3. EVs reduced the sensitivity of DLBCL model mice to rituximab via the miR-125b-5p/TNFAIP3 axis. The study findings indicate that the tumor-derived EVs carrying miR-125b-5p can enter DLBCL cells and target TNFAIP3, thus reducing the sensitivity of DLBCL to rituximab, which may provide a novel therapeutic approach for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Tiejun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Junling Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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10
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Mohebiany AN, Ramphal NS, Karram K, Di Liberto G, Novkovic T, Klein M, Marini F, Kreutzfeldt M, Härtner F, Lacher SM, Bopp T, Mittmann T, Merkler D, Waisman A. Microglial A20 Protects the Brain from CD8 T-Cell-Mediated Immunopathology. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1585-1597.e6. [PMID: 32023471 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), or A20, is a ubiquitin-modifying protein and negative regulator of canonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TNFAIP3 are associated with autoimmune diseases, suggesting a role in tissue inflammation. While the role of A20 in peripheral immune cells has been well investigated, less is known about its role in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that microglial A20 is crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis. Without microglial A20, CD8+ T cells spontaneously infiltrate the CNS and acquire a viral response signature. The combination of infiltrating CD8+ T cells and activated A20-deficient microglia leads to an increase in VGLUT1+ terminals and frequency of spontaneous excitatory currents. Ultimately, A20-deficient microglia upregulate genes associated with the antiviral response and neurodegenerative diseases. Together, our data suggest that microglial A20 acts as a sensor for viral infection and a master regulator of CNS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Nazlie Mohebiany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nishada Shakunty Ramphal
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Novkovic
- Institute for Physiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Härtner
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sonja Maria Lacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Mittmann
- Institute for Physiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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11
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Shaheen ZR, Williams SJA, Binstadt BA. Case Report: A Novel TNFAIP3 Mutation Causing Haploinsufficiency of A20 With a Lupus-Like Phenotype. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629457. [PMID: 33679772 PMCID: PMC7933217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations that result in loss-of-function of the protein A20 result in an early-onset autoinflammatory disease—haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20). The reported clinical presentations of HA20 include a Behcet’s disease-like phenotype and a more lupus-like phenotype. We have identified a novel mutation in the gene encoding A20 in a pediatric patient with chronic lymphadenopathy, lupus-like symptoms, and progressive hypogammaglobulinemia. This case illustrates the wide range of clinical symptoms, including immunodeficiency, that can occur in patients with HA20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Shaheen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah J A Williams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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12
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Hu J, Yi S, Wang C, Zhang Y, Tang J, Huang X, Yang L, Yang J, Li H. A20 Inhibits Intraocular Inflammation in Mice by Regulating the Function of CD4+T Cells and RPE Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603939. [PMID: 33613524 PMCID: PMC7890008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A20 is a negative regulator of inflammation and immunity and plays a role in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we demonstrate that A20 overexpression significantly ameliorates severity of EAU by inhibiting the infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells, and by protecting integrity of the blood retinal barrier. In vitro studies showed that A20 silencing could promote CD4+T cells toward a Th1 and Th17 phenotype. A decreased expression of A20 in CD4+T cells was noticed in active BD patients but not in VKH patients. Furthermore, silencing of A20 in hRPE cells induced the production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 and downregulated ZO-1 and occludin expression which is mediated by inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. This study reveals a mechanism by which A20 prevents autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenglan Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaokui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Jihong Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinglu Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
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13
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Bale S, Varga J, Bhattacharyya S. Role of RP105 and A20 in negative regulation of toll-like receptor activity in fibrosis: potential targets for therapeutic intervention. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Abstract
Inflammation is triggered by stimulation of innate sensors that recognize pathogens, chemical and physical irritants, and damaged cells subsequently initiating a well-orchestrated adaptive immune response. Immune cell activation is a strictly regulated and self-resolving process supported by an array of negative feedback mechanisms to sustain tissue homeostasis. The disruption of these regulatory pathways forms the basis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Ubiquitination, a covalent posttranslational modification of target proteins with ubiquitin, has a profound effect on the stability and activity of its substrates, thereby regulating the immune system at molecular and cellular levels. Through the cooperative actions of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases, ubiquitin modifications are implicated in several biological processes, including proteasomal degradation, transcriptional regulation, regulation of protein-protein interactions, endocytosis, autophagy, DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation. A20 (tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 or TNFAIP3) is a ubiquitin-editing enzyme that mainly functions as an endogenous regulator of inflammation through termination of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation as part of a negative feedback loop. A20 interacts with substrates that reside downstream of immune sensors, including Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing receptors, lymphocyte receptors, and cytokine receptors. Due to its pleiotropic functions as a ubiquitin binding protein, deubiquitinase and ubiquitin ligase, and its versatile role in various signaling pathways, aberrant A20 levels are associated with numerous conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, Sjögren syndrome, coronary artery disease, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, cancer, neurological disorders, and aging-related sequelae. Similarly, A20 has recently been implicated as an essential regulator of inflammation in the oral cavity. This review presents information on the ubiquitin system and regulation of NF-κB by ubiquitination using A20 as a representative molecule and highlights how the dysregulation of this system can lead to several immune pathologies, including oral cavity-related disorders mainly focusing on periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.C. Mooney
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S.E. Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Perga S, Montarolo F, Martire S, Bonaldo B, Bono G, Bertolo J, Magliozzi R, Bertolotto A. Overexpression of the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 in the brain lesions of Multiple Sclerosis patients: moving from systemic to central nervous system inflammation. Brain Pathol 2020; 31:283-296. [PMID: 33051914 PMCID: PMC8018032 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which inflammation plays a key pathological role. Recent evidences showed that systemic inflammation induces increasing cell infiltration within meninges and perivascular spaces in the brain parenchyma, triggering resident microglial and astrocytic activation. The anti-inflammatory enzyme A20, also named TNF associated protein 3 (TNFAIP3), is considered a central gatekeeper in inflammation and peripheral immune system regulation through the inhibition of NF-kB. The TNFAIP3 locus is genetically associated to MS and its transcripts is downregulated in blood cells in treatment-naïve MS patients. Recently, several evidences in mouse models have led to hypothesize a function of A20 also in the CNS. Thus, here we aimed to unveil a possible contribution of A20 to the CNS human MS pathology. By immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence and biomolecular techniques on post-mortem brain tissue blocks obtained from control cases (CC) and progressive MS cases, we demonstrated that A20 is present in CC brain tissues in both white matter (WM) regions, mainly in few parenchymal astrocytes, and in grey matter (GM) areas, in some neuronal populations. Conversely, in MS brain tissues, we observed increased expression of A20 by perivascular infiltrating macrophages, resident-activated astrocytes, and microglia in all the active and chronic active WM lesions. A20 was highly expressed also in the majority of active cortical lesions compared to the neighboring areas of normal-appearing grey matter (NAGM) and control GM, particularly by activated astrocytes. We demonstrated increased A20 expression in the active MS plaques, particularly in macrophages and resident astrocytes, suggesting a key role of this molecule in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perga
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology - CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology - CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Martire
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology - CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Brigitta Bonaldo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bono
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology - CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Jessica Bertolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology - CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Neurology B, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Bertolotto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology - CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
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16
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Razani B, Malynn BA, Ma A. Preserving immune homeostasis with A20. Adv Immunol 2020; 148:1-48. [PMID: 33190732 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A20/TNFAIP3 is a TNF induced gene that plays a profound role in preserving cellular and organismal homeostasis (Lee, et al., 2000; Opipari etal., 1990). This protein has been linked to multiple human diseases via genetic, epigenetic, and an emerging series of patients with mono-allelic coding mutations. Diverse cellular functions of this pleiotropically expressed protein include immune-suppressive, anti-inflammatory, and cell protective functions. The A20 protein regulates ubiquitin dependent cell signals; however, the biochemical mechanisms by which it performs these functions is surprisingly complex. Deciphering these cellular and biochemical facets of A20 dependent biology should greatly improve our understanding of murine and human disease pathophysiology as well as unveil new mechanisms of cell and tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Razani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Barbara A Malynn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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17
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) as a target for anticancer treatment. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1144-1161. [PMID: 33165832 PMCID: PMC7651821 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays an important role in the cellular processes for protein quality control and homeostasis. Dysregulation of the UPS has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Indeed, components of UPS are frequently mutated or abnormally expressed in various cancers. Since Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, received FDA approval for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, increasing numbers of researchers have been seeking drugs targeting the UPS as a cancer therapeutic strategy. Here, we introduce the essential component of UPS, including ubiquitinating enzymes, deubiquitinating enzymes and 26S proteasome, and we summarize their targets and mechanisms that are crucial for tumorigenesis. In addition, we briefly discuss some UPS inhibitors, which are currently in clinical trials as cancer therapeutics.
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18
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Zhang T, Sun J, Cheng J, Yin W, Li J, Miller H, Herrada AA, Gu H, Song H, Chen Y, Gong Q, Liu C. The role of ubiquitinase in B cell development and function. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:395-405. [PMID: 32816356 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0720-185rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitinases are a select group of enzymes that modify target proteins through ubiquitination, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of protein degradation, location, and function. B lymphocytes that originated from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), exert humoral immune functions by differentiating into plasma cells and producing antibodies. Previous studies have shown that ubiquitination is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and signal transduction important for B lymphocyte development and function. In this review, how ubiquitinases regulate B cell development, activation, apoptosis, and proliferation is discussed, which could help in understanding the physiological processes and diseases related to B cells and also provides potential new targets for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianxuan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Department of Intracellular Pathogens, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrés A Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Canh NX, Giang NV, Nghia VX, Sopjani M, Ngan NTT, Hoang NH, Xuan NT. Regulation of cell activation by A20 through STAT signaling in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:331-338. [PMID: 32808859 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1808678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the hematologic malignancy characterized by the aberrant proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. A20 is a deubiquitinase gene that inhibits functional activation of immune cells mediated through NF-κB/STAT pathways and frequently found inactivated in lymphoma. IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by immune cells under the pathogenic conditions and regulated by STAT signaling. Little is known about the role of A20 in regulating the function of ALL blasts and underlying molecular mechanisms. The present study, therefore, explored whether A20 expression contributes to IL-6 induced cell migration and activation of myeloid cells in ALL. To this end, blood samples of thirty-five adult ALL patients were examined. Gene expression profile was determined by quantitative RT-PCR, immunophenotype by flow cytometry, secretion of inflammatory cytokines by ELISA, and cell migration by a transwell migration assay. As a result, the expression of A20 was inactivated in ALL. Immunophenotypic analysis indicated that percent of CD11b+CD40+ expressing cells present in ALL was significantly reduced when transfected with PEM-T easy A20. Importantly, IL6-induced CXCL12-mediated migration of ALL blasts was dependent on the presence of A20. The inhibitory effects of A20 on activated myeloid cells and migration of ALL blasts were mediated through the STAT pathway upon IL-6 challenge. In addition, the CA-125 level was much higher in elderly females than either young female or male ALL patients or healthy donors. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of A20 on activation of ALL blasts are expected to affect the immune response to treatment for adult ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Xuan Canh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Giang
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Mentor Sopjani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosova
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngan
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Xuan
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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20
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Kim HY, Song JY, Kim WI, Ko HC, Park SE, Jang JH, Kim SH. The First Case of an Infant with Familial A20 Haploinsufficiency in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e252. [PMID: 32743991 PMCID: PMC7402923 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) is a newly described autoinflammatory disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the TNFAIP3 gene. Clinical phenotypes are heterogenous and resemble Behçet's disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or periodic fever syndrome, with symptoms developing at an early age. Here, we report the first case of infantile familial HA20 in Korea, which mimics neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE). A 2-month-old infant exhibited symptoms including recurrent fever, erythematous rashes, and oral ulcers, with elevated liver enzymes, and tested positive for several autoantibodies, similar to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); therefore, she was suspected to have NLE. However, six months after birth, symptoms and autoantibodies persisted. Then, we considered the possibility of other diseases that could cause early onset rashes and abnormal autoantibodies, including autoinflammatory syndrome, monogenic SLE, or complement deficiency, all of which are rare. The detailed family history revealed that her father had recurrent symptoms, including oral and genital ulcers, knee arthralgia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. These Behcet-like symptoms last for many years since he was a teenager, and he takes medications irregularly only when those are severe, but doesn't want the full-scale treatment. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted to identify a possible genetic disorder, which manifested as pathogenic variant nonsense mutation in the TNFAIP3 gene, leading to HA20. In conclusion, HA20 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an infant with an early-onset dominantly inherited inflammatory disease that presents with recurrent oral and genital ulcerations and fluctuating autoantibodies. Additionally, it also should be considered in an infant with suspected NLE, whose symptoms and abnormal autoantibodies persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Woo Il Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Chang Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Su Eun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Jang
- Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Genome, Yongin, Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
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21
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Schnappauf O, Aksentijevich I. Mendelian diseases of dysregulated canonical NF-κB signaling: From immunodeficiency to inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:573-589. [PMID: 32678922 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0520-166r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a master transcription factor that activates the expression of target genes in response to various stimulatory signals. Activated NF-κB mediates a plethora of diverse functions including innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammation, cell proliferation, and NF-κB is regulated through interactions with IκB inhibitory proteins, which are in turn regulated by the inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) complex. Together, these 3 components form the core of the NF-κB signalosomes that have cell-specific functions which are dependent on the interactions with other signaling molecules and pathways. The activity of NF-κB pathway is also regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitination by Lys63, Met1, and Lys48 ubiquitin chains. The physiologic role of NF-κB is best studied in the immune system due to discovery of many human diseases caused by pathogenic variants in various proteins that constitute the NF-κB pathway. These disease-causing variants can act either as gain-of-function (GoF) or loss-of-function (LoF) and depending on the function of mutated protein, can cause either immunodeficiency or systemic inflammation. Typically, pathogenic missense variants act as GoF and they lead to increased activity in the pathway. LoF variants can be inherited as recessive or dominant alleles and can cause either a decrease or an increase in pathway activity. Dominantly inherited LoF variants often result in haploinsufficiency of inhibitory proteins. Here, we review human Mendelian immunologic diseases, which results from mutations in different molecules in the canonical NF-κB pathway and surprisingly present with a continuum of clinical features including immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schnappauf
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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22
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Mifflin L, Ofengeim D, Yuan J. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) as a therapeutic target. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:553-571. [PMID: 32669658 PMCID: PMC7362612 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key mediator of cell death and inflammation. The unique hydrophobic pocket in the allosteric regulatory domain of RIPK1 has enabled the development of highly selective small-molecule inhibitors of its kinase activity, which have demonstrated safety in preclinical models and clinical trials. Potential applications of these RIPK1 inhibitors for the treatment of monogenic and polygenic autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, ischaemic and acute conditions, such as sepsis, are emerging. This article reviews RIPK1 biology and disease-associated mutations in RIPK1 signalling pathways, highlighting clinical trials of RIPK1 inhibitors and potential strategies to mitigate development challenges. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) — a key mediator of cell death and inflammation — is activated in human diseases. Here, Yuan and colleagues discuss current understanding of RIPK1 biology and its association with diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and sepsis. The clinical development of small-molecule RIPK1 inhibitors and associated challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Mifflin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Kim T, Bae SC, Kang C. Synergistic activation of NF-κB by TNFAIP3 (A20) reduction and UBE2L3 (UBCH7) augment that synergistically elevate lupus risk. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:93. [PMID: 32334614 PMCID: PMC7183688 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease. SLE susceptibility is affected by multiple genetic elements, environmental factors, and their interactions. We aimed in this study to statistically and functionally characterize a gene-gene interaction (epistasis) recently documented to affect SLE risk. Methods Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2230926 in TNFAIP3 (A20) gene and rs131654 in UBE2L3 (UBCH7) gene, were genotyped in all 3525 Korean participants, and their SLE risk association and epistasis were statistically analyzed by calculating odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and P values in genotype comparisons between 1318 SLE patients and 2207 healthy controls. Furthermore, their effects on gene functions were assessed by comparatively examining separate and combined effects of TNFAIP3 and UBE2L3 knockdowns on NF-κB transcription factor activity in human cells. Results SLE susceptibility is associated with TNFAIP3 rs2230926 (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.6–2.4, P = 8.6 × 10−11) and UBE2L3 rs131654 (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.4, P = 1.1 × 10−4) in a Korean population of this study. Their risk-associated alleles synergistically elevate SLE susceptibility in both multivariate logistic regression analysis (ORinteraction = 1.6, P = 0.0028) and genotype-stratified analysis (ORinteraction = 2.4), confirming the synergistic TNFAIP3-UBE2L3 interaction in SLE risk. Additionally, the SLE-susceptible alleles confer decreased TNFAIP3 expression (P = 1.1 × 10−6, n = 610) and increased UBE2L3 expression (P = 9.5 × 10−11, n = 475), respectively, in B cell analysis of the International HapMap Project individuals with adjustment for ethnicity. Furthermore, when compared with TNFAIP3 non-knockdown and UBE2L3 knockdown in human HeLa cells, TNFAIP3 knockdown and UBE2L3 non-knockdown synergistically increase three cytokines, CCL2, CXCL8 (IL8), and IL6, all regulated by NF-κB in the human TNFR signaling pathway. Conclusions A synergistic interaction between TNFAIP3 and UBE2L3 genes is observed in SLE risk, as being evident in comparison of genotype distributions between SLE patients and controls. Additionally, the synergistic gene-gene interaction is functionally validated, as TNFAIP3 reduction and UBE2L3 augment exert synergism in activation of NF-κB and subsequent induction of inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, SLE inflammation and risk could be synergistically alleviated by TNFAIP3 upregulation and UBE2L3 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyeung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changwon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Singh M, Jackson KJL, Wang JJ, Schofield P, Field MA, Koppstein D, Peters TJ, Burnett DL, Rizzetto S, Nevoltris D, Masle-Farquhar E, Faulks ML, Russell A, Gokal D, Hanioka A, Horikawa K, Colella AD, Chataway TK, Blackburn J, Mercer TR, Langley DB, Goodall DM, Jefferis R, Gangadharan Komala M, Kelleher AD, Suan D, Rischmueller M, Christ D, Brink R, Luciani F, Gordon TP, Goodnow CC, Reed JH. Lymphoma Driver Mutations in the Pathogenic Evolution of an Iconic Human Autoantibody. Cell 2020; 180:878-894.e19. [PMID: 32059783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic autoantibodies arise in many autoimmune diseases, but it is not understood how the cells making them evade immune checkpoints. Here, single-cell multi-omics analysis demonstrates a shared mechanism with lymphoid malignancy in the formation of public rheumatoid factor autoantibodies responsible for mixed cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. By combining single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing with serum antibody peptide sequencing and antibody synthesis, rare circulating B lymphocytes making pathogenic autoantibodies were found to comprise clonal trees accumulating mutations. Lymphoma driver mutations in genes regulating B cell proliferation and V(D)J mutation (CARD11, TNFAIP3, CCND3, ID3, BTG2, and KLHL6) were present in rogue B cells producing the pathogenic autoantibody. Antibody V(D)J mutations conferred pathogenicity by causing the antigen-bound autoantibodies to undergo phase transition to insoluble aggregates at lower temperatures. These results reveal a pre-neoplastic stage in human lymphomagenesis and a cascade of somatic mutations leading to an iconic pathogenic autoantibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | | | - Jing J Wang
- Department of Immunology, Flinders University and SA Pathology, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Peter Schofield
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Matt A Field
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine and Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD 4878, Australia; The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - David Koppstein
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Timothy J Peters
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Deborah L Burnett
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Simone Rizzetto
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Damien Nevoltris
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Etienne Masle-Farquhar
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Megan L Faulks
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Amanda Russell
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Divya Gokal
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Asami Hanioka
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-851, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horikawa
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alexander D Colella
- Department of Immunology, Flinders University and SA Pathology, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; Flinders Proteomics Facility, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Timothy K Chataway
- Flinders Proteomics Facility, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - James Blackburn
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tim R Mercer
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - David B Langley
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - D Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roy Jefferis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Anthony D Kelleher
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dan Suan
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Maureen Rischmueller
- Rheumatology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Daniel Christ
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medical Sciences and Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tom P Gordon
- Department of Immunology, Flinders University and SA Pathology, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences and Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Joanne H Reed
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Martens A, van Loo G. A20 at the Crossroads of Cell Death, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036418. [PMID: 31427375 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a potent anti-inflammatory protein, acting by inhibiting nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and inflammatory gene expression and/or by preventing cell death. Mutations in the A20/TNFAIP3 gene have been associated with a plethora of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies in humans and in mice. Although the anti-inflammatory role of A20 is well accepted, fundamental mechanistic questions regarding its mode of action remain unclear. Here, we review new findings that further clarify the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which A20 controls inflammatory signaling and cell death, and discuss new evidence for its involvement in inflammatory and autoimmune disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Martens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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26
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27
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Functional analysis of deubiquitylating enzymes in tumorigenesis and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Malynn BA, Ma A. A20: A multifunctional tool for regulating immunity and preventing disease. Cell Immunol 2019; 340:103914. [PMID: 31030956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A20, also known as TNFAIP3, is a potent regulator of ubiquitin (Ub) dependent signals. A20 prevents multiple human diseases, indicating that the critical functions of this protein are clinically as well as biologically impactful. As revealed by mouse models, cell specific functions of A20 are linked to its ability to regulate diverse signaling pathways. Aberrant expression or functions of A20 in specific cell types underlie divergent disease outcomes. Discernment of A20's biochemical functions and their phenotypic outcomes will contribute to our understanding of how ubiquitination is regulated, how Ub mediated functions can prevent disease, and will pave the way for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Malynn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
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29
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Kim SY, Baek KH. TGF-β signaling pathway mediated by deubiquitinating enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:653-665. [PMID: 30349992 PMCID: PMC11105597 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible cellular process mediated by ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, whereas deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) detach the covalently conjugated ubiquitin from target substrates to counter ubiquitination. DUBs play a crucial role in regulating various signal transduction pathways and biological processes including apoptosis, cell proliferation, DNA damage repair, metastasis, differentiation, etc. Since the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway participates in various cellular functions such as inflammation, metastasis and embryogenesis, aberrant regulation of TGF-β signaling induces abnormal cellular functions resulting in numerous diseases. This review focuses on DUBs regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of DUBs involved in TGF-β signaling pathway, and biological and therapeutic implications for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Lawless D, Pathak S, Scambler TE, Ouboussad L, Anwar R, Savic S. A Case of Adult-Onset Still's Disease Caused by a Novel Splicing Mutation in TNFAIP3 Successfully Treated With Tocilizumab. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1527. [PMID: 30022980 PMCID: PMC6039542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFAIP3 encodes the NF-κB regulatory protein A20. High-penetrance heterozygous mutations in TNFAIP3 cause a haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20), inadequate inhibition of NF-κB pathway, and an early onset autoinflammatory disorder. However, the clinical phenotype of patients with HA20 varies greatly and clinical diagnoses prior to establishing the genetic cause, included both autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions. Here, we present the first patient with HA20, who was previously diagnosed with AOSD but was later found to have a novel heterozygous variant in TNFAIP3 and who was successfully treated with anti-IL6 receptor biologic tocilizumab (RoActemra). We discovered a novel heterozygous mutation in TNFAIP3 c.1906C>T, not previously found in ExAC database. Further analysis shows that this single-nucleotide variant at the terminal residue of TNFAIP3 exon 7 produces an alternatively spliced mRNA resulting in p.His636fsTer1. Additional genetic analysis of family members shows that this variant does segregate with the inflammatory clinical phenotypes. Subsequent functional test show that NF-κB activation, measured as intracellular phosphorylation of p65 in CD14 + monocytes, was more enhanced in the patient compared with healthy controls (HC) following stimulation with LPS. This was associated with higher production of inflammatory cytokines by the patients PBMC in response to LPS and ATP and enhanced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Furthermore, increased activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was evident systemically, since we detected higher levels of ASC specks in patients’ sera compared with HC. Finally, we used population genetics data from GnomAD to construct a map of both genetic conservation and most probable disease-causing variants in TNFAIP3 which might be found in future cases of HA20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Lawless
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Shelly Pathak
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Edward Scambler
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lylia Ouboussad
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rashida Anwar
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
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31
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Deubiquitinase function of A20 maintains and repairs endothelial barrier after lung vascular injury. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:60. [PMID: 29796309 PMCID: PMC5955943 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cad) expression at endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) regulates vascular homeostasis. Here we show that endothelial A20 is required for VE-cad expression at AJs to maintain and repair the injured endothelial barrier. In endothelial cell (EC)-restricted Tnfaip3 (A20) knockout (A20∆EC ) mice, LPS challenge caused uncontrolled lung vascular leak and persistent sequestration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMNs). Importantly, A20∆EC mice exhibited drastically reduced VE-cad expression in lungs compared with wild-type counterparts. Endothelial expression of wild-type A20 but not the deubiquitinase-inactive A20 mutant (A20C103A) prevented VE-cad ubiquitination, restored VE-cad expression, and suppressed lung vascular leak in A20∆EC mice. Interestingly, IRAK-M-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling downstream of TLR4 was required for A20 expression in ECs. interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) knockdown suppressed basal and LPS-induced A20 expression in ECs. Further, in vivo silencing of IRAK-M in mouse lung vascular ECs through the CRISPR-Cas9 system prevented expression of A20 and VE-cad while augmenting lung vascular leak. These results suggest that targeting of endothelial A20 is a potential therapeutic strategy to restore endothelial barrier integrity in the setting of acute lung injury.
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32
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Malkiel S, Barlev AN, Atisha-Fregoso Y, Suurmond J, Diamond B. Plasma Cell Differentiation Pathways in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 29556239 PMCID: PMC5845388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) are responsible for the production of protective antibodies against infectious agents but they also produce pathogenic antibodies in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Traditionally, high affinity IgG autoantibodies are thought to arise through germinal center (GC) responses. However, class switching and somatic hypermutation can occur in extrafollicular (EF) locations, and this pathway has also been implicated in SLE. The pathway from which PCs originate may determine several characteristics, such as PC lifespan and sensitivity to therapeutics. Although both GC and EF responses have been implicated in SLE, we hypothesize that one of these pathways dominates in each individual patient and genetic risk factors may drive this predominance. While it will be important to distinguish polymorphisms that contribute to a GC-driven or EF B cell response to develop targeted treatments, the challenge will be not only to identify the differentiation pathway but the molecular mechanisms involved. In B cells, this task is complicated by the cross-talk between the B cell receptor, toll-like receptors (TLR), and cytokine signaling molecules, which contribute to both GC and EF responses. While risk variants that affect the function of dendritic cells and T follicular helper cells are likely to primarily influence GC responses, it will be important to discover whether some risk variants in the interferon and TLR pathways preferentially influence EF responses. Identifying the pathways of autoreactive PC differentiation in SLE may help us to understand patient heterogeneity and thereby guide precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Malkiel
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ashley N Barlev
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Yemil Atisha-Fregoso
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jolien Suurmond
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
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33
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Das T, Chen Z, Hendriks RW, Kool M. A20/Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Protein 3 in Immune Cells Controls Development of Autoinflammation and Autoimmunity: Lessons from Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515565 PMCID: PMC5826380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell activation is a stringently regulated process, as exaggerated innate and adaptive immune responses can lead to autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Perhaps the best-characterized molecular pathway promoting cell activation is the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Stimulation of this pathway leads to transcription of numerous pro-inflammatory and cell-survival genes. Several mechanisms tightly control NF-κB activity, including the key regulatory zinc finger (de)ubiquitinating enzyme A20/tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vicinity of the TNFAIP3 gene are associated with a spectrum of chronic systemic inflammatory diseases, indicative of its clinical relevance. Mice harboring targeted cell-specific deletions of the Tnfaip3 gene in innate immune cells such as macrophages spontaneously develop autoinflammatory disease. When immune cells involved in the adaptive immune response, such as dendritic cells or B-cells, are targeted for A20/TNFAIP3 deletion, mice develop spontaneous inflammation that resembles human autoimmune disease. Therefore, more knowledge on A20/TNFAIP3 function in cells of the immune system is beneficial in our understanding of autoinflammation and autoimmunity. Using the aforementioned mouse models, novel A20/TNFAIP3 functions have recently been described including control of necroptosis and inflammasome activity. In this review, we discuss the function of the A20/TNFAIP3 enzyme and its critical role in various innate and adaptive immune cells. Finally, we discuss the latest findings on TNFAIP3 SNPs in human autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases and address that genotyping of TNFAIP3 SNPs may guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Das
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhongli Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Li MY, Zhu M, Linghu EQ, Feng F, Zhu B, Wu C, Guo MZ. Interleukin-13 suppresses interleukin-10 via inhibiting A20 in peripheral B cells of patients with food allergy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79914-79924. [PMID: 27825134 PMCID: PMC5346760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory B cells (Breg) are important in the body immunity. The differentiation process of Breg is not fully understood yet. Ubiquitin A20 has immune regulatory functions. This study aims to investigate the role of A20 in the regulation of interleukin (IL)-10 in B cells. In this study, B cells were isolated from the peripheral blood samples of healthy subjects and patients with food allergy (FA). The B cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, real time RT-PCR, Western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We observed that the frequency of Breg and the levels of A20 in B cells were markedly lower in FA patients than in healthy controls. In vitro deletion of A20 compromised the expression of IL-10. B cells in FA patients showed higher levels of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-11 than in healthy subjects. Exposure to IL-13 in the culture induced high levels of HDAC11 in B cells. IL-13 also repressed the expression of A20 in B cells, in which HDAC11 played a critical role via inducing the chromatin remoldeling at the IL-10 promoter locus. Mice with A20-deficient B cells are prone to FA. In summary, ubiquitin A20 can increase the IL-10 expression in B cells, which can be affected by the IL-13-induced HDAC11. To inhibit HDAC11 may have therapeutic potential for FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatopathy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - En-Qiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatopathy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Liver Failure Treatment and Research Center, 302nd Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Division of South Building, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ming-Zhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatopathy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
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Sokhi UK, Liber MP, Frye L, Park S, Kang K, Pannellini T, Zhao B, Norinsky R, Ivashkiv LB, Gong S. Dissection and function of autoimmunity-associated TNFAIP3 (A20) gene enhancers in humanized mouse models. Nat Commun 2018; 9:658. [PMID: 29440643 PMCID: PMC5811492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancers regulate gene expression and have been linked with disease pathogenesis. Little is known about enhancers that regulate human disease-associated genes in primary cells relevant for pathogenesis. Here we use BAC transgenics and genome editing to dissect, in vivo and in primary immune cells, enhancers that regulate human TNFAIP3, which encodes A20 and is linked with autoimmune diseases. A20 expression is dependent on a topologically associating subdomain (sub-TAD) that harbors four enhancers, while another >20 enhancers in the A20 locus are redundant. This sub-TAD contains cell- and activation-specific enhancers, including an enhancer (termed TT>A) harboring a proposed causal SLE-associated SNV. Deletion of the sub-TAD or the TT>A enhancer results in enhanced inflammatory responses, autoantibody production, and inflammatory arthritis, thus establishing functional importance in vivo and linking enhancers with a specific disease phenotype. These findings provide insights into enhancers that regulate human A20 expression to prevent inflammatory pathology and autoimmunity. The human TNFAIP3 gene, which encodes for A20, is associated with autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors use BAC transgenics combined with CRISPR- and recombineering-mediated genome editing to dissect in vivo and in primary immune cells, the role of enhancers regulating TNFAIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upneet K Sokhi
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Mark P Liber
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Laura Frye
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sungho Park
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Kyuho Kang
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Tania Pannellini
- Research Division and Department of Pathology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | | | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Shiaoching Gong
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Aeschlimann FA, Batu ED, Canna SW, Go E, Gül A, Hoffmann P, Leavis HL, Ozen S, Schwartz DM, Stone DL, van Royen-Kerkof A, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I, Laxer RM. A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20): clinical phenotypes and disease course of patients with a newly recognised NF-kB-mediated autoinflammatory disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:728-735. [PMID: 29317407 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between mutations in TNFAIP3, encoding the NF-kB regulatory protein A20, and a new autoinflammatory disease has recently been recognised. This study aims at describing the clinical phenotypes and disease course of patients with A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20). METHODS Data for all cases from the initial publication, and additional cases identified through collaborations since, were collected using standardised data collection forms. RESULTS A total of 16 patients (13 female) from seven families with a genetic diagnosis of HA20 were included. The disease commonly manifested in early childhood (range: first week of life to 29 years of age). The main clinical symptoms were recurrent oral, genital and/or gastrointestinal ulcers (16/16), musculoskeletal (9/16) and gastrointestinal complaints (9/16), cutaneous lesions (8/16), episodic fever (7/16), and recurrent infections (7/16). Clinical phenotypes varied considerably, even within families. Relapsing-remitting disease course was most common, and one patient died. Laboratory abnormalities included elevated acute-phase reactants and fluctuating presence of various autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies (4/10 patients tested) and anti-dsDNA (2/5). Tissue biopsy of different sites revealed non-specific chronic inflammation (6/12 patients tested), findings consistent with class V lupus nephritis in one patient, and pustules and normal results in two patients each. All patients were treated: 4/16 received colchicine and 12/16 various immunosuppressive agents. Cytokine inhibitors effectively suppressed systemic inflammation in 7/9 patients. CONCLUSIONS Early-onset recurrent oral, genital and/or gastrointestinal ulcers are the hallmark feature of HA20. Frequency and intensity of other clinical manifestations varied highly. Treatment regimens should be based on disease severity, and cytokine inhibitors are often required to control relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence A Aeschlimann
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ezgi D Batu
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Scott W Canna
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen Go
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Patrycja Hoffmann
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen L Leavis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah L Stone
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Annet van Royen-Kerkof
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald M Laxer
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Taher TE, Bystrom J, Ong VH, Isenberg DA, Renaudineau Y, Abraham DJ, Mageed RA. Intracellular B Lymphocyte Signalling and the Regulation of Humoral Immunity and Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 53:237-264. [PMID: 28456914 PMCID: PMC5597704 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are critical for effective immunity; they produce antibodies and cytokines, present antigens to T lymphocytes and regulate immune responses. However, because of the inherent randomness in the process of generating their vast repertoire of antigen-specific receptors, B cells can also cause diseases through recognizing and reacting to self. Therefore, B lymphocyte selection and responses require tight regulation at multiple levels and at all stages of their development and activation to avoid diseases. Indeed, newly generated B lymphocytes undergo rigorous tolerance mechanisms in the bone marrow and, subsequently, in the periphery after their migration. Furthermore, activation of mature B cells is regulated through controlled expression of co-stimulatory receptors and intracellular signalling thresholds. All these regulatory events determine whether and how B lymphocytes respond to antigens, by undergoing apoptosis or proliferation. However, defects that alter regulated co-stimulatory receptor expression or intracellular signalling thresholds can lead to diseases. For example, autoimmune diseases can result from altered regulation of B cell responses leading to the emergence of high-affinity autoreactive B cells, autoantibody production and tissue damage. The exact cause(s) of defective B cell responses in autoimmune diseases remains unknown. However, there is evidence that defects or mutations in genes that encode individual intracellular signalling proteins lead to autoimmune diseases, thus confirming that defects in intracellular pathways mediate autoimmune diseases. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge of signalling proteins and pathways that regulate B lymphocyte responses and how defects in these could promote autoimmune diseases. Most of the evidence comes from studies of mouse models of disease and from genetically engineered mice. Some, however, also come from studying B lymphocytes from patients and from genome-wide association studies. Defining proteins and signalling pathways that underpin atypical B cell response in diseases will help in understanding disease mechanisms and provide new therapeutic avenues for precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher E Taher
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jonas Bystrom
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Voon H Ong
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yves Renaudineau
- Immunology Laboratory, University of Brest Medical School, Brest, France
| | - David J Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rizgar A Mageed
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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38
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Bhattacharyya S, Midwood KS, Yin H, Varga J. Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signaling Drives Persistent Fibroblast Activation and Prevents Fibrosis Resolution in Scleroderma. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2017; 6:356-369. [PMID: 29062592 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: This review provides current overview of the emerging role of innate immunity in driving fibrosis, and preventing its resolution, in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc). Understanding the mechanisms of dysregulated innate immunity in fibrosis and SSc will provide opportunities for therapeutic interventions using novel agents and repurposed existing drugs. Recent Advances: New insights from genomic and genetic studies implicate components of innate immune signaling such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), downstream signaling intermediates, and endogenous inhibitors, in fibrosis in SSc. Recent studies distinguish innate immune signaling in tissue-resident myofibroblasts and bone marrow-derived immune cells and define their roles in the development and persistence of tissue fibrosis. Critical Issues: Activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other PRR mechanisms occurs in resident nonimmune cells within injured tissue microenvironments. These cells respond to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as tenascin-C that are recognized as danger signals, and elicit matrix production, cytokine secretion, and myofibroblast transformation and survival. When these responses persist due to constitutive TLR activation or impaired termination by endogenous inhibitors, they interfere with fibrosis resolution. The genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of these phenomena in the context of fibrosis are under current investigation. Future Directions: Precise delineation of the pathogenic DAMPs, their interaction with TLRs and other PRRs, the downstream signaling pathways and transcriptional events, and the fibroblast-specific regulation and function of endogenous inhibitors of innate immunity, will form the foundation for innovative targeted therapies to block fibrosis by reestablishing balanced innate immune signaling in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhattacharyya
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Bio Frontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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39
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Lee JH, Jung SM, Yang KM, Bae E, Ahn SG, Park JS, Seo D, Kim M, Ha J, Lee J, Kim JH, Kim JH, Ooshima A, Park J, Shin D, Lee YS, Lee S, van Loo G, Jeong J, Kim SJ, Park SH. A20 promotes metastasis of aggressive basal-like breast cancers through multi-monoubiquitylation of Snail1. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1260-1273. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Li J, Ma S, Shao L, Ma C, Gao C, Zhang XH, Hou M, Peng J. Inflammation-Related Gene Polymorphisms Associated With Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2017; 8:744. [PMID: 28702029 PMCID: PMC5487479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by a reduced platelet count and an increased risk of bleeding. Although immense research has improved our understanding of ITP, the pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the involvement of 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the inflammation-related genes, including CD24, CD226, FCRL3, IL2, IRF5, ITGAM, NLRP3, CARD8, PTPN22, SH2B2, STAT4, TNFAIP3, and TRAF1, in the pathogenesis and treatment response of ITP. We recruited 312 ITP inpatients and 154 healthy participants in this case–control study. Inflammation-related SNP genotyping was performed on the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. The expression of TNFAIP3 mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. All SNPs in healthy controls were consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Statistical analysis revealed that rs10499194 in TNFAIP3 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of ITP after Bonferroni multiple correction (codominant, CT vs. CC, OR = 0.431, 95% CI = 0.262–0.711, p = 0.001; dominant, TT/CT vs. CC, OR = 0.249, 95% CI = 0.141–0.440, p = 0.000). Besides, TNFAIP3 expression was significantly higher in patients with CT and pooled CT/TT genotypes compared with CC genotype (p = 0.001; p = 0.001). Interestingly, rs10499194 was also associated with corticosteroid-sensitivity (codominant, CT vs. CC, OR = 0.092, 95% CI = 0.021–0.398, p = 0.001; dominant, TT/CT vs. CC, OR = 0.086, 95% CI = 0.020–0.369, p = 0.001; allelic, T vs. C, OR = 0.088, 95% CI = 0.021–0.372, p = 0.001). Furthermore, no significant association was found between inflammation-related SNPs and the severity or refractoriness of ITP after Bonferroni multiple correction. Our findings suggest that rs10499194 may be a protective factor for susceptibility and corticosteroid sensitivity in ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Shao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Hahn M, Bürckert JP, Luttenberger CA, Klebow S, Hess M, Al-Maarri M, Vogt M, Reißig S, Hallek M, Wienecke-Baldacchino A, Buch T, Muller CP, Pallasch CP, Wunderlich FT, Waisman A, Hövelmeyer N. Aberrant splicing of the tumor suppressor CYLD promotes the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia via sustained NF-κB signaling. Leukemia 2017; 32:72-82. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zeng P, Ma J, Yang R, Liu YC. Immune Regulation by Ubiquitin Tagging as Checkpoint Code. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 410:215-248. [PMID: 28929193 DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is equipped with effective machinery to mobilize its activation to defend invading microorganisms, and at the same time, to refrain from attacking its own tissues to maintain immune tolerance. The balance of activation and tolerance is tightly controlled by diverse mechanisms, since breakdown of tolerance could result in disastrous consequences such as the development of autoimmune diseases. One of the mechanisms is by the means of protein ubiquitination, which involves the process of tagging a small peptide ubiquitin to protein substrates. E3 ubiquitin ligases are responsible for catalyzing the final step of ubiquitin-substrate conjugation by specifically recognizing substrates to determine their fates of degradation or functional modification. The ubiquitination process is reversible, which is carried out by deubiquitinating enzymes to release the ubiquitin molecule from the conjugated substrates. Protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination serve as checkpoint codes in many key steps of lymphocyte regulation including the development, activation, differentiation, and tolerance induction. In this chapter, we will discuss a few E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes that are important in controlling immune responses, with emphasis on their roles in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jieyu Ma
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Runqing Yang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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A20 Curtails Primary but Augments Secondary CD8 + T Cell Responses in Intracellular Bacterial Infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39796. [PMID: 28004776 PMCID: PMC5177869 DOI: 10.1038/srep39796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20, an important negative feedback regulator of NF-κB, impairs the expansion of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells but augments the proliferation of autoimmune CD4+ T cells. To study the T cell-specific function of A20 in bacterial infection, we infected T cell-specific A20 knockout (CD4-Cre A20fl/fl) and control mice with Listeria monocytogenes. A20-deficient pathogen-specific CD8+ T cells expanded stronger resulting in improved pathogen control at day 7 p.i. Imaging flow cytometry revealed that A20-deficient Listeria-specific CD8+ T cells underwent increased apoptosis and necroptosis resulting in reduced numbers of memory CD8+ T cells. In contrast, the primary CD4+ T cell response was A20-independent. Upon secondary infection, the increase and function of pathogen-specific CD8+ T cells, as well as pathogen control were significantly impaired in CD4-Cre A20fl/fl mice. In vitro, apoptosis and necroptosis of Listeria-specific A20-deficient CD8+ T cells were strongly induced as demonstrated by increased caspase-3/7 activity, RIPK1/RIPK3 complex formation and more morphologically apoptotic and necroptotic CD8+ T cells. In vitro, A20 limited CD95L and TNF-induced caspase3/7 activation. In conclusion, T cell-specific A20 limited the expansion but reduced apoptosis and necroptosis of Listeria-specific CD8+ T cells, resulting in an impaired pathogen control in primary but improved clearance in secondary infection.
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Abstract
A20 (TNFAIP3), known to inhibit NF-κB function by deubiquitinating-specific NF-κB signaling molecules, has been found in many cell types of the immune system. Recent findings suggest that A20 is essential for the development and functional performance of dendritic cell, B cell, T cell and macrophage. A number of studies further demonstrate that these cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. In this article, we focus on the recent advances on the roles of A20 in autoimmune diseases and discuss the therapeutic significance of these new findings.
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45
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Du MQ. MALT lymphoma: A paradigm of NF-κB dysregulation. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 39:49-60. [PMID: 27452667 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) invariably arises from a background of chronic microbial infection and/or autoimmune disorder at diverse mucosal sites. The prolonged chronic infection and/or autoimmunity generate active immune and inflammatory responses that provide a setting for evolution and development of autoreactive B-cells, their expansion and eventual malignant transformation following acquisition of genetic changes. The immune responses also play a critical role in sustaining the growth and survival of the transformed cells as shown by complete regression of a high proportion of MALT lymphoma of the stomach, ocular adnexa and skin following anti-microbial treatment. B-cell receptor engagement by auto-antigen as well as T-cell help including both cognate interaction and bystander help via soluble ligands such as CD40L and BAFF are thought to underpin the immunological drive in the lymphoma development through activation of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway respectively. Similarly, the three MALT lymphoma associated chromosome translocations, namely t(1;14)(p22;q32)/BCL10-IGH, t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1,and t(11;18)(q21;q21)/BIRC3 (API2)-MALT1, are also capable of activating both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, TNFAIP3 (A20) inactivation by deletion and/or mutation abolishes the auto-negative feedback to several signalling including BCR and TLR, which connect to the canonical NF-κB activation pathway. Thus, there is a considerable overlap in the molecular pathways dysregulated by immunological drive and somatic genetic changes, strongly arguing for their oncogenic cooperation in the development of MALT lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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46
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Shinohara H, Inoue K, Yumoto N, Nagashima T, Okada-Hatakeyama M. Stimulus-Dependent Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Expression Prolongs the Duration of B Cell Signalling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27706. [PMID: 27277891 PMCID: PMC4899755 DOI: 10.1038/srep27706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Different dynamic behaviours of signalling activity can induce distinct biological responses in a variety of cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine the dynamics of kinase activities in immune cells are not well understood. In this study, we showed that the duration of both IκB kinase (IKK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activities in B cell receptor (BCR)- and CD40-signalling pathways in B cells were regulated by transcriptional feedback loops. We conducted a time-course transcriptome analysis after BCR or CD40 stimulation and identified the following four candidate genes as feedback regulators for IKK and ERK: inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), TNF alpha-induced protein 3, dual-specificity phosphatase 5, and sprouty homolog 2. Quantitative experiments and mathematical modelling suggested that IAP inhibition shortened the duration of IKK and ERK activity following both BCR and CD40 pathway stimulation, indicating a positive role for IAP in B cell signalling. Furthermore, transient kinase activities induced by IAP blockage reduced the levels of delayed expression genes. Together, our findings suggest that IKK and ERK activity durations can be fine-tuned by the coordinated regulation of positive and negative transcriptional feedback and that these network properties determine the biological output of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Shinohara
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Yumoto
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagashima
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mariko Okada-Hatakeyama
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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47
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Wang JZ, Zhang YH, Guo XH, Zhang HY, Zhang Y. The double-edge role of B cells in mediating antitumor T-cell immunity: Pharmacological strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:73-85. [PMID: 27111515 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence reveals the controversial role of B cells in antitumor immunity, but the underlying mechanisms have to be explored. Three latest articles published in the issue 521 of Nature in 2015 reconfirmed the puzzling topic and put forward some explanations of how B cells regulate antitumor T-cell responses both positively and negatively. This paper attempts to demonstrate that different B-cell subpopulations have distinct immunological properties and that they are involved in either antitumor responses or immunosuppression. Recent studies supporting the positive and negative roles of B cells in tumor development were summarized comprehensively. Several specific B-cell subpopulations, such as IgG(+), IgA(+), IL-10(+), and regulatory B cells, were described in detail. The mechanisms underlying the controversial B-cell effects were mainly attributed to different B-cell subpopulations, different B-cell-derived cytokines, direct B cell-T cell interaction, different cancer categories, and different malignant stages, and the immunological interaction between B cells and T cells is mediated by dendritic cells. Promising B-cell-based antitumor strategies were proposed and novel B-cell regulators were summarized to present interesting therapeutic targets. Future investigations are needed to make sure that B-cell-based pharmacological strategies benefit cancer immunotherapy substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhang Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China.
| | - Yu-Hua Zhang
- Department of Library, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, PR China
| | - Xin-Hua Guo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
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48
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Dang RJ, Yang YM, Zhang L, Cui DC, Hong B, Li P, Lin Q, Wang Y, Wang QY, Xiao F, Mao N, Wang C, Jiang XX, Wen N. A20 plays a critical role in the immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1550-60. [PMID: 27028905 PMCID: PMC4956951 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess an immunoregulatory capacity and are a therapeutic target for many inflammation‐related diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms of MSC‐mediated immunosuppression remain unclear. In this study, we provide new information to partly explain the molecular mechanisms of immunoregulation by MSCs. Specifically, we found that A20 expression was induced in MSCs by inflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of A20 in MSCs resulted in increased proliferation and reduced adipogenesis, and partly reversed the suppressive effect of MSCs on T cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistic studies indicated that knockdown of A20 in MSCs inhibited activation of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which potently promoted the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)‐10. Collectively, these data reveal a crucial role of A20 in regulating the immunomodulatory activities of MSCs by controlling the expression of TNF‐α and IL‐10 in an inflammatory environment. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of various inflammatory‐associated diseases, and are a new reference for the future development of treatments for such afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Dang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren City, Guizhou, China
| | - Dian-Chao Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Aiyuhua Hospital for Children and Women, Beijing, China
| | - Bangxing Hong
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Lin
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Yu Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Mao
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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49
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Chang YC, Chang YS, Chang CC, Liu TC, Ko YC, Lee CC, Chang SJ, Chang JG. Development of a high-resolution melting method for the screening of TNFAIP3 gene mutations. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2936-42. [PMID: 26986245 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor, α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) which encodes a ubiquitin-modifying enzyme (A20), acts as a negative regulator of the NF-κB pathway, and in lymphoma and autoimmune diseases it is frequently inactivated by mutations and/or deletions. We investigated the prevalence of the inactivation of TNFAIP3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). DNA was extracted from 81 cases of OSCC and 50 peripheral blood samples from normal controls. A high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was used to characterize TNFAIP3 mutations, and the results were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. Three mutations and three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be associated with OSCC; the TNFAIP3 mutation occurred in 3.7% (3/81) of the OSCC cases examined. All mutations were in exon 7 [c.1081G>A (p.E361K), c.1398C>G (p.S466R) (rs200878487) and c.1760C>T (p.P587L) (rs150056192)], and p.E361K was identified as a novel mutation. We further used SIFT and PolyPhen-2 software to assess potentially functional mutations. Two SNPs, c.296‑20_296-18delCTC (rs71670547) and c.380T>G (p.F127C) (rs2230926), were located in exon 3, and c.2140C>T (p.P714S) was located in exon 9. A novel SNP, p.P714S differed from the one reported previously (p.P714A) (rs369155845) at that site. We also identified five SNPs in 50 normal Taiwanese individuals, and two of them [c.296‑15C>T (rs377482653) and c.305A>G (p.N102S) (rs146534657)] were not found in our OSCC tissue. HRM facilitated the screening of genetic changes. In addition, our results indicate that the prevalence of the TNFAIP3 mutation is low in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Christine Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Sian Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Chi Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Chih Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Environment-Omics‑Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chin Lee
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shun-Jen Chang
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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50
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Hahn M, Macht A, Waisman A, Hövelmeyer N. NF-κB-inducing kinase is essential for B-cell maintenance in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:732-41. [PMID: 26593098 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is a key mediator of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway, which is critical for normal B-cell development and function. It is well established that the complete deletion of NIK in mice results in defective B cells and impaired secondary lymphoid organogenesis. To address the role of NIK deficiency specifically in B cells, we generated a new mouse strain for the conditional deletion of this kinase. Deletion of NIK during B-cell development results in a drastic reduction of mature B cells from the transitional 2 stage on, while B-1 B cells are less affected. Moreover, deletion of NIK in the germinal centers decreases the numbers of germinal center B cells and impairs the ability of NIK-deficient B cells to develop into class-switched cells in vivo. This new mouse strain will be helpful for studying the role of NIK in different cell types of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hahn
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Macht
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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