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Liu Y, Sun Q, Wei X. Strategies and techniques for preclinical therapeutic targeting of PI3K in oncology: where do we stand in 2024? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:221-232. [PMID: 38646899 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2342522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway in eukaryotic cells that is activated in a variety of cancers and is also associated with treatment resistance. This signaling pathway is an important target for anticancer therapy and holds great promise for research. At the same time PI3K inhibitors have a general problem that they have unavoidable toxic side effects. AREAS COVERED This review provides an explanation of the role of PI3K in the development and progression of cancer, including several important mutations, and a table listing the cancers caused by these mutations. We discuss the current landscape of PI3K inhibitors in preclinical and clinical trials, address the mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibition along with their associated toxic effects, and highlight significant advancements in preclinical research of this field. Furthermore, based on our study and comprehension of PI3K, we provide a recapitulation of the key lessons learned from the research process and propose potential measures for improvement that could prove valuable. EXPERT OPINION The PI3K pathway is a biological pathway of great potential value. However, the reduction of its toxic side effects and combination therapies need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Sun
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Taheri FH, Hassani M, Sharifzadeh Z, Behdani M, Abdoli S, Sayadi M, Bagherzadeh K, Arashkia A, Abolhassani M. Tuning spacer length improves the functionality of the nanobody-based VEGFR2 CAR T cell. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:1. [PMID: 38178096 PMCID: PMC10768260 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T (CAR-T) cells for cancer immunotherapy have obtained considerable clinical importance. CAR T cells need an optimized intracellular signaling domain to get appropriately activated and also for the proper antigen recognition, the length and composition of the extracellular spacer are critical factors. RESULTS We constructed two third-generation nanobody-based VEGFR2-CARs containing either IgG1 hinge-CH2-CH3 region or hinge-only as long or short extracellular spacers, respectively. Both CARs also contained intracellular activating domains of CD28, OX40, and CD3ζ. The T cells from healthy individuals were transduced efficiently with the two CARs, and showed increased secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ cytokines, and also CD69 and CD25 activation markers along with cytolytic activity after encountering VEGFR2+ cells. The VEGFR2-CAR T cells harboring the long spacer showed higher cytokine release and CD69 and CD25 expression in addition to a more efficient cytolytic effect on VEGFR2+ target cells. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the third-generation anti-VEGFR2 nanobody-based CAR T cell with a long spacer had a superior function and potentially could be a better candidate for solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajari Taheri
- Hybridoma Lab, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center (FDLRC), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), MOH & ME, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hassani
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Hybridoma Lab, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahryar Abdoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgān, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sayadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bagherzadeh
- Eye Research Center, Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Abolhassani
- Hybridoma Lab, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Mun DG, Bhat FA, Ding H, Madden BJ, Natesampillai S, Badley AD, Johnson KL, Kelly RT, Pandey A. Optimizing single cell proteomics using trapped ion mobility spectrometry for label-free experiments. Analyst 2023; 148:3466-3475. [PMID: 37395315 PMCID: PMC10370902 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Although single cell RNA-seq has had a tremendous impact on biological research, a corresponding technology for unbiased mass spectrometric analysis of single cells has only recently become available. Significant technological breakthroughs including miniaturized sample handling have enabled proteome profiling of single cells. Furthermore, trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) in combination with parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation operated in data-dependent acquisition mode (DDA-PASEF) allowed improved proteome coverage from low-input samples. It has been demonstrated that modulating the ion flux in TIMS affects the overall performance of proteome profiling. However, the effect of TIMS settings on the analysis of low-input samples has been less investigated. Thus, we sought to optimize the conditions of TIMS with regard to ion accumulation/ramp times and ion mobility range for low-input samples. We observed that an ion accumulation time of 180 ms and monitoring a narrower ion mobility range from 0.7 to 1.3 V s cm-2 resulted in a substantial gain in the depth of proteome coverage and in detecting proteins with low abundance. We used these optimized conditions for proteome profiling of sorted human primary T cells, which yielded an average of 365, 804, 1116, and 1651 proteins from single, five, ten, and forty T cells, respectively. Notably, we demonstrated that the depth of proteome coverage from a low number of cells was sufficient to delineate several essential metabolic pathways and the T cell receptor signaling pathway. Finally, we showed the feasibility of detecting post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and acetylation from single cells. We believe that such an approach could be applied to label-free analysis of single cells obtained from clinically relevant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gi Mun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Firdous A Bhat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Husheng Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | - Andrew D Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Ryan T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Peters JM, Irvine EB, Rosenberg JM, Wadsworth MH, Hughes TK, Sutton M, Nyquist SK, Bromley JD, Mondal R, Roederer M, Seder RA, Darrah PA, Alter G, Flynn JL, Shalek AK, Fortune SM, Bryson BD. Protective intravenous BCG vaccination induces enhanced immune signaling in the airways. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.16.549208. [PMID: 37502895 PMCID: PMC10370046 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Intradermal (ID) Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most widely administered vaccine in the world. However, ID-BCG fails to achieve the level of protection needed in adults to alter the course of the tuberculosis epidemic. Recent studies in non-human primates have demonstrated high levels of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) following intravenous (IV) administration of BCG. However, the protective immune features that emerge following IV BCG vaccination remain incompletely defined. Here we used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) to transcriptionally profile 157,114 unstimulated and purified protein derivative (PPD)-stimulated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from 29 rhesus macaques immunized with BCG across routes of administration and doses to uncover cell composition-, gene expression-, and biological network-level signatures associated with IV BCG-mediated protection. Our analyses revealed that high-dose IV BCG drove an influx of polyfunctional T cells and macrophages into the airways. These macrophages exhibited a basal activation phenotype even in the absence of PPD-stimulation, defined in part by IFN and TNF-α signaling up to 6 months following BCG immunization. Furthermore, intercellular immune signaling pathways between key myeloid and T cell subsets were enhanced following PPD-stimulation in high-dose IV BCG-vaccinated macaques. High-dose IV BCG also engendered quantitatively and qualitatively stronger transcriptional responses to PPD-stimulation, with a robust Th1-Th17 transcriptional phenotype in T cells, and augmented transcriptional signatures of reactive oxygen species production, hypoxia, and IFN-γ response within alveolar macrophages. Collectively, this work supports that IV BCG immunization creates a unique cellular ecosystem in the airways, which primes and enables local myeloid cells to effectively clear Mtb upon challenge.
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Wang Z, Zhou H, Xu J, Wang J, Niu T. Safety and efficacy of dual PI3K-δ, γ inhibitor, duvelisib in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid neoplasms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1070660. [PMID: 36685572 PMCID: PMC9845779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duvelisib is the first FDA-approved oral dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase PI3K-delta (PI3K-δ) and PI3K-gamma (PI3K-γ). Although many clinical studies support the efficacy of duvelisib, the safety of duvelisib remains with great attention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of duvelisib in treating different relapsed or refractory (RR) lymphoid neoplasm types. Methods We searched prospective clinical trials from PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. For efficacy analysis, Overall response rate (ORR), complete response rate (CR), partial response rate (PR), rate of stable disease (SDR), rate of progressive disease (PDR), median progression-free survival (mPFS), 12-/24-month PFS, and 12-month overall survival (OS) were assessed. For safety analysis, the incidences of any grade and grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and treatment-related discontinuation and death were evaluated. Subgroup analysis based on the disease type was performed. Results We included 11 studies and 683 patients, including 305 chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), 187 B-cell indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL), 39 B-cell aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (aNHL), and 152 T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL) patients. The pooled ORR in CLL/SLL, iNHL, aNHL and T-NHL was 70%, 70%, 28% and 47%, respectively. Additionally, the pooled ORR in CLL/SLL patients with or without TP53 mutation/17p-deletion (62% vs. 74%, p=0.45) and in follicular lymphoma (FL) or other iNHL (69% vs. 57%, p=0.38) had no significant differences. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients had higher pooled ORR than other aNHL (68% vs. 17%, p=0.04). Angioimmunoblastic TCL (AITL) patients had higher pooled ORR than other PTCL patients (67% vs. 42%, p=0.01). The pooled incidence of any grade, grade ≥3, serious AEs, treatment-related discontinuation and death was 99%, 79%, 63%, 33% and 3%, respectively. The most frequent any-grade AEs were diarrhea (47%), ALT/AST increase (39%), and neutropenia (38%). The most frequent grade ≥3 AEs were neutropenia (25%), ALT/AST increased (16%), diarrhea (12%), and anemia (12%). Conclusion Generally, duvelisib could offer favorable efficacy in patients with RR CLL/SLL, iNHL, MCL, and AITL. Risk and severity in duvelisib treatment may be mitigated through proper identification and management.
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Lanahan SM, Wymann MP, Lucas CL. The role of PI3Kγ in the immune system: new insights and translational implications. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:687-700. [PMID: 35322259 PMCID: PMC9922156 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, new insights have positioned phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ) as a context-dependent modulator of immunity and inflammation. Recent advances in protein structure determination and drug development have allowed for generation of highly specific PI3Kγ inhibitors, with the first now in clinical trials for several oncology indications. Recently, a monogenic immune disorder caused by PI3Kγ deficiency was discovered in humans and modelled in mice. Human inactivated PI3Kγ syndrome confirms the immunomodulatory roles of PI3Kγ and strengthens newly defined roles of this molecule in modulating inflammatory cytokine release in macrophages. Here, we review the functions of PI3Kγ in the immune system and discuss how our understanding of its potential as a therapeutic target has evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Lanahan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Carrie L Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Reneau JC, Shindiapina P, Braunstein Z, Youssef Y, Ruiz M, Farid S, Hanel W, Brammer JE. Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphomas: Current Approaches and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102699. [PMID: 35628826 PMCID: PMC9145443 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T(NK/T)-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that typically presents with an isolated nasal mass, but a sizeable minority present with advanced stage disease and have a significantly poorer prognosis. Those with limited disease are standardly treated with chemotherapy and radiation while those with advanced stage disease are treated with L-asparaginase containing chemotherapy regimens. The addition of modern radiation therapy techniques and the incorporation of L-asparaginase into chemotherapy regimens have significantly improved outcomes in this disease, but relapses and death from relapsed disease remain frequent. Given the high rate of relapse, several novel therapies have been evaluated for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we explore the current standard of care for ENKTL as well as novel therapies that have been evaluated for its treatment and the biologic understanding behind these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Reneau
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Polina Shindiapina
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Miguel Ruiz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Saira Farid
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Walter Hanel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Jonathan E. Brammer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Yang Q, Ma X, Xiao Y, Zhang T, Yang L, Yang S, Liang M, Wang S, Wu Z, Xu Z, Sun Z. Engineering prodrug nanomicelles as pyroptosis inducer for codelivery of PI3K/mTOR and CDK inhibitors to enhance antitumor immunity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3139-3155. [PMID: 35865097 PMCID: PMC9293721 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of oncogenic signaling pathways in tumors can promote resistance to the antitumor immune response. However, single blockade of these pathways is usually ineffective because of the complex crosstalk and feedback among oncogenic signaling pathways. The enhanced toxicity of free small molecule inhibitor combinations is considered an insurmountable barrier to their clinical applications. To circumvent this issue, we rationally designed an effective tumor microenvironment-activatable prodrug nanomicelle (PNM) for cancer therapy. PNM was engineered by integrating the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-04691502 (PF) and the broad spectrum CDK inhibitor flavopiridol (Flav) into a single nanoplatform, which showed tumor-specific accumulation, activation and deep penetration in response to the high glutathione (GSH) tumoral microenvironment. The codelivery of PF and Flav could trigger gasdermin E (GSDME)-based immunogenic pyroptosis of tumor cells to elicit a robust antitumor immune response. Furthermore, the combination of PNM-induced immunogenic pyroptosis with anti-programmed cell death-1 (αPD-1) immunotherapy further boosted the antitumor effect and prolonged the survival time of mice. Collectively, these results indicated that the pyroptosis-induced nanoplatform codelivery of PI3K/mTOR and CDK inhibitors can reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and efficiently improve checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy.
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Gaur P, Mkrtichyan M, Verma V, Jafarzadeh N, Hattar M, Gupta S, Khleif SN. PI3K Isoforms in CD8 + T Cell Development and Function. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:217-234. [PMID: 36243846 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are an essential part of the immune system and play a vital role in defending against tumors and infections. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), especially class I, is involved in numerous interrelated signaling pathways which control CD8+ T cell development, maturation, migration, activation, and differentiation. While CD8+ T lymphocytes express all class I PI3K isoforms (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kγ), isoform-specific functions, especially for PI3Kα and PI3Kβ have not been fully elucidated. A few studies suggest the important role of p110δ and p110γ in CD8+ T cell activation, signaling, chemotaxis and function and several clinical trials are currently testing the effect of isoform-specific inhibitors in various types of cancers, including Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Peripheral T cell Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), head & neck cancer, and breast cancer. This chapter summarizes current knowledge of the roles of various PI3K isoforms and downstream signaling pathways in regulating CD8+ T cell fate, including cell proliferation, migration, and memory generation. We also discuss certain clinical trials employing PI3K inhibitors for cancer therapy, their limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gaur
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mikayel Mkrtichyan
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vivek Verma
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nazli Jafarzadeh
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mariana Hattar
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seema Gupta
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samir N Khleif
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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High WHSC1L1 Expression Reduces Survival Rates in Operated Breast Cancer Patients with Decreased CD8+ T Cells: Machine Learning Approach. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070636. [PMID: 34357103 PMCID: PMC8303194 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein (NSD), a histone methyltransferase, is known to play an important role in cancer pathogenesis. The WHSC1L1 (Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1) gene, encoding NSD3, is highly expressed in breast cancer, but its role in the development of breast cancer is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the survival rates and immune responses of breast cancer patients with high WHSC1L1 expression and to validate the results using gradient boosting machine (GBM) in breast cancer. We investigated the clinicopathologic parameters, proportions of immune cells, pathway networks and in vitro drug responses according to WHSC1L1 expression in 456, 1500 and 776 breast cancer patients from the Hanyang University Guri Hospital, METABRIC and TCGA, respectively. High WHSC1L1 expression was associated with poor prognosis, decreased CD8+ T cells and high CD274 expression (encoding PD-L1). In the pathway networks, WHSC1L1 was indirectly linked to the regulation of the lymphocyte apoptotic process. The GBM model with WHSC1L1 showed improved prognostic performance compared with the model without WHSC1L1. We found that VX-11e, CZC24832, LY2109761, oxaliplatin and erlotinib were effective in inhibiting breast cancer cell lines with high WHSC1L1 expression. High WHSC1L1 expression could play potential roles in the progression of breast cancer and targeting WHSC1L1 could be a potential strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Zhou J, Xiao Z, Zhan Y, Qu X, Mou S, Deng C, Zhang T, Lan X, Huang S, Li Y. Identification and Characterization of the Amphioxus Lck and Its Associated Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Dependent Inhibitory LRR Receptor. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656366. [PMID: 34149695 PMCID: PMC8211107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphioxus (e.g., Branchiostoma belcheri, Bb) has recently emerged as a new model for studying the origin and evolution of vertebrate immunity. Mammalian lymphocyte-specific tyrosine kinase (Lck) plays crucial roles in T cell activation, differentiation and homeostasis, and is reported to phosphorylate both the ITIM and ITSM of PD-1 to induce the recruitment of phosphatases and thus the inhibitory function of PD-1. Here, we identified and cloned the amphioxus homolog of human Lck. By generating and using an antibody against BbLck, we found that BbLck is expressed in the amphioxus gut and gill. Through overexpression of BbLck in Jurkat T cells, we found that upon TCR stimulation, BbLck was subjected to tyrosine phosphorylation and could partially rescue Lck-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation in Lck-knockdown T cells. Mass spectrometric analysis of BbLck immunoprecipitates from immunostimulants-treated amphioxus, revealed a BbLck-associated membrane-bound receptor LRR (BbLcLRR). By overexpressing BbLcLRR in Jurkat T cells, we demonstrated that BbLcLRR was tyrosine phosphorylated upon TCR stimulation, which was inhibited by Lck knockdown and was rescued by overexpression of BbLck. By mutating single tyrosine to phenylalanine (Y-F), we identified three tyrosine residues (Y539, Y655, and Y690) (3Y) of BbLcLRR as the major Lck phosphorylation sites. Reporter gene assays showed that overexpression of BbLcLRR but not the BbLcLRR-3YF mutant inhibited TCR-induced NF-κB activation. In Lck-knockdown T cells, the decline of TCR-induced IL-2 production was reversed by overexpression of BbLck, and this reversion was inhibited by co-expression of BbLcLRR but not the BbLcLRR-3YF mutant. Sequence analysis showed that the three tyrosine-containing sequences were conserved with the tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs) or ITIM-like motifs. And TCR stimulation induced the association of BbLcLRR with tyrosine phosphatases SHIP1 and to a lesser extent with SHP1/2. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type BbLcLRR but not its 3YF mutant inhibited TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple signaling proteins probably via recruiting SHIP1. Thus, we identified a novel immunoreceptor BbLcLRR, which is phosphorylated by Lck and then exerts a phosphorylation-dependent inhibitory role in TCR-mediated T-cell activation, implying a mechanism for the maintenance of self-tolerance and homeostasis of amphioxus immune system and the evolutionary conservatism of Lck-regulated inhibitory receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Xiao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Zhan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Qu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Mou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Lan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengfeng Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Adefemi F, Fruman DA, Marshall AJ. A Case for Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Targeted Therapy for Infectious Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 205:3237-3245. [PMID: 33288538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PI3Ks activate critical signaling cascades and have multifaceted regulatory functions in the immune system. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in the PI3Kδ isoform have revealed that this enzyme can substantially impact immune responses to infectious agents and their products. Moreover, reports garnered from decades of infectious disease studies indicate that pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K pathway could potentially be effective in limiting the growth of certain microbes via modulation of the immune system. In this review, we briefly highlight the development and applications of PI3K inhibitors and summarize data supporting the concept that PI3Kδ inhibitors initially developed for oncology have immune regulatory potential that could be exploited to improve the control of some infectious diseases. This repurposing of existing kinase inhibitors could lay the foundation for alternative infectious disease therapy using available therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folayemi Adefemi
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, R3E-0T5 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; and.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, R3E-0T5 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
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13
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Cai Y, Yu J, Ren P, He J, Wu Z, Xiao K, Jia H, Wang J, Sai Y, Dai G, Li X, Su W, Ngo K, Castro G, Acton PD, Fung‐Leung W, Edwards JP, Venable J, Rao TS. Immunological characterization of HM5023507, an orally active PI3Kδ/γ inhibitor. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00559. [PMID: 31956418 PMCID: PMC6957347 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases, delta (PI3Kδ) and gamma (PI3Kγ) are enriched in immune cells and regulate the development and function of innate and adaptive immunity. Dual PI3Kδγ inhibitors are considered high value targets for their potential to treat a variety of immune-mediated diseases, but their discovery has been challenging. Here we describe the preclinical pharmacology of HM5023507, an orally active dual inhibitor of δγ isoforms in immune signaling. HM5023507 inhibited PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ isoforms with greater than 100-fold selectivity against PI3Kα and PI3Kβ in recombinant enzymatic assays and in primary human immune cells with an exquisite selectivity against other targets. HM5023507 attenuated the PI3Kδ/γ signaling in human basophils (IC50: 42/340 nmol/L; selectivity ratio ~1:8). HM5023507 attenuated the activation and function of human B and T cells, Th17 differentiation of CD4 T cells in the blood of healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis patients, and cytokine and IgG production in human T and B cell cocultures, in vitro. Orally dosed HM5023507 attenuated PI3K δ/γ-mediated immune signaling in the rat in a dose-related manner. In addition, HM5023507 inhibited semiestablished collagen-induced arthritic inflammation in the rats (ED50 of 0.25mg/kg, p.o. BID or 0.5 mg/kg, QD, AUC: 1422 ng/mL*h), improved histopathology- and micro-computed tomography (µCT)-based indices of joint damage, bone destruction, and attenuated the levels of anti-collagen antibody, with an overall anti-inflammatory profile matching that of a TNFα neutralizing antibody. The PI3K δγ inhibitory profile of HM5023507 and its selectivity make it a useful tool to further delineate immunobiology of dual PI3K δγ targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Ping Ren
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Jianlin He
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Kun Xiao
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Jia
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Sai
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Guangxiu Dai
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Xiong Li
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Weiguo Su
- Hutchison MediPharma, Research and Development CenterPudongShanghaiChina
| | - Karen Ngo
- Janssen Pharmaceutical R&D, LLC.San DiegoCAUSA
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14
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Human PI3Kγ deficiency and its microbiota-dependent mouse model reveal immunodeficiency and tissue immunopathology. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4364. [PMID: 31554793 PMCID: PMC6761123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-gamma (PI3Kγ) is highly expressed in leukocytes and is an attractive drug target for immune modulation. Different experimental systems have led to conflicting conclusions regarding inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of PI3Kγ. Here, we report a human patient with bi-allelic, loss-of-function mutations in PIK3CG resulting in absence of the p110γ catalytic subunit of PI3Kγ. She has a history of childhood-onset antibody defects, cytopenias, and T lymphocytic pneumonitis and colitis, with reduced peripheral blood memory B, memory CD8+ T, and regulatory T cells and increased CXCR3+ tissue-homing CD4 T cells. PI3Kγ-deficient macrophages and monocytes produce elevated inflammatory IL-12 and IL-23 in a GSK3α/β-dependent manner upon TLR stimulation. Pik3cg-deficient mice recapitulate major features of human disease after exposure to natural microbiota through co-housing with pet-store mice. Together, our results emphasize the physiological importance of PI3Kγ in restraining inflammation and promoting appropriate adaptive immune responses in both humans and mice.
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15
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Westerhof LM, McGuire K, MacLellan L, Flynn A, Gray JI, Thomas M, Goodyear CS, MacLeod MK. Multifunctional cytokine production reveals functional superiority of memory CD4 T cells. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:2019-2029. [PMID: 31177549 PMCID: PMC6900100 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
T cell protective immunity is associated with multifunctional memory cells that produce several different cytokines. Currently, our understanding of when and how these cells are generated is limited. We have used an influenza virus mouse infection model to investigate whether the cytokine profile of memory T cells is reflective of primary responding cells or skewed toward a distinct profile. We found that, in comparison to primary cells, memory T cells tended to make multiple cytokines simultaneously. Analysis of the timings of release of cytokine by influenza virus‐specific T cells, demonstrated that primary responding CD4 T cells from lymphoid organs were unable to produce a sustained cytokine response. In contrast CD8 T cells, memory CD4 T cells, and primary responding CD4 T cells from the lung produced a sustained cytokine response throughout the restimulation period. Moreover, memory CD4 T cells were more resistant than primary responding CD4 T cells to inhibitors that suppress T cell receptor signaling. Together, these data suggest that memory CD4 T cells display superior cytokine responses compared to primary responding cells. These data are key to our ability to identify the cues that drive the generation of protective memory CD4 T cells following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus M Westerhof
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,GLAZgo Discovery Centre, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kris McGuire
- GLAZgo Discovery Centre, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lindsay MacLellan
- GLAZgo Discovery Centre, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ashley Flynn
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joshua I Gray
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity IMED, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,GLAZgo Discovery Centre, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Megan Kl MacLeod
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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16
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O’Brien S, Patel M, Kahl BS, Horwitz SM, Foss FM, Porcu P, Jones J, Burger J, Jain N, Allen K, Faia K, Douglas M, Stern HM, Sweeney J, Kelly P, Kelly V, Flinn I. Duvelisib, an oral dual PI3K-δ,γ inhibitor, shows clinical and pharmacodynamic activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma in a phase 1 study. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:1318-1326. [PMID: 30094870 PMCID: PMC8260004 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Duvelisib (IPI-145), an oral, dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-δ and -γ, was evaluated in a Phase 1 study in advanced hematologic malignancies, which included expansion cohorts in relapsed/refractory (RR) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and treatment-naïve (TN) CLL. Per protocol, TN patients were at least 65 years old or had a del(17p)/TP53 mutation. Duvelisib was administered twice daily (BID) in 28-day cycles at doses of 8-75 mg in RR patients (n = 55) and 25 mg in TN patients (n = 18.) Diarrhea was the most common nonhematologic AE (TN 78%, RR 47%); transaminase elevations the most frequent lab-abnormality AE (TN 33.3%, RR 30.9%); and neutropenia the most common ≥grade 3 AE (RR 44%, TN 33%). The overall response rates were 56.4% for RR patients (1.8% CR, 54.5% PR) and 83.3% for TN patients (all PRs); median response duration was 21.0 months in RR patients but was not reached for TN patients. Based upon phase 1 efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and safety, duvelisib 25 mg BID was selected for further investigation in a phase 3 study in RR CLL/SLL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pierluigi Porcu
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Jones
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jan Burger
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nitin Jain
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kerstin Allen
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kerrie Faia
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Douglas
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Patrick Kelly
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Virginia Kelly
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ian Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
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17
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Li Q, Liu M, Wu M, Zhou X, Wang S, Hu Y, Wang Y, He Y, Zeng X, Chen J, Liu Q, Xiao D, Hu X, Liu W. PLAC1-specific TCR-engineered T cells mediate antigen-specific antitumor effects in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5924-5932. [PMID: 29556312 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1), a novel cancer-testis antigen (CTA), is expressed in a number of different human malignancies. It is frequently produced in breast cancer, serving a function in tumorigenesis. Adoptive immunotherapy using T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells against CTA mediates objective tumor regression; however, to the best of our knowledge, targeting PLAC1 using engineered T cells has not yet been attempted. In the present study, the cDNAs encoding TCRα- and β-chains specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201-restricted PLAC1 were cloned from a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte, generated by in vitro by the stimulation of CD8+ T cells using autologous HLA-A2+ dendritic cells loaded with a PLAC1-specific peptide (p28-36, VLCSIDWFM). The TCRα/β-chains were linked by a 2A peptide linker (TCRα-Thosea asigna virus-TCRβ), and the constructs were cloned into the lentiviral vector, followed by transduction into human cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells. The efficiency of transduction was up to 25.16%, as detected by PLAC1 multimers. TCR-transduced CD8+ T cells, co-cultured with human non-metastatic breast cancer MCF-7 cells (PLAC1+, HLA-A2+) and triple-negative breast cancer MDAMB-231 cells (PLAC1+, HLA-A2+), produced interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α, suggesting TCR activation. Furthermore, the PLAC1 TCR-transduced CD8+ T cells efficiently and specifically identified and annihilated the HLA-A2+/PLAC1+ breast cancer cell lines in a lactate dehydrogenase activity assay. Western blot analysis demonstrated that TCR transduction stimulated the production of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling molecules, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB, through phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ-mediated phosphorylation of protein kinase B in CD8+ T cells. Xenograft mouse assays revealed that PLAC1 TCR-transduced CD8+T cells significantly delayed the tumor progression in mice-bearing breast cancer compared with normal saline or negative control-transduced groups. In conclusion, a novel HLA-A2-restricted and PLAC1-specific TCR was identified. The present study demonstrated PLAC1 to be a potential target for breast cancer treatment; and the usage of PLAC1-specific TCR-engineered T cells may be a novel strategy for PLAC1-positive breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongshu Li
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Muyun Liu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Man Wu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Interventional and Minimally Invasive Oncology Therapy Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Youfu Wang
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Yixin He
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Interventional and Minimally Invasive Oncology Therapy Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Qubo Liu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Liu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
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18
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Kar SK, Jansman AJM, Benis N, Ramiro-Garcia J, Schokker D, Kruijt L, Stolte EH, Taverne-Thiele JJ, Smits MA, Wells JM. Dietary protein sources differentially affect microbiota, mTOR activity and transcription of mTOR signaling pathways in the small intestine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188282. [PMID: 29149221 PMCID: PMC5693410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein sources can have profound effects on host-microbe interactions in the gut that are critically important for immune resilience. However more knowledge is needed to assess the impact of different protein sources on gut and animal health. Thirty-six wildtype male C57BL/6J mice of 35 d age (n = 6/group; mean ± SEM body weight 21.9 ± 0.25 g) were randomly assigned to groups fed for four weeks with semi synthetic diets prepared with one of the following protein sources containing (300 g/kg as fed basis): soybean meal (SBM), casein, partially delactosed whey powder, spray dried plasma protein, wheat gluten meal and yellow meal worm. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed to collect ileal tissue to acquire gene expression data, and mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, ileal digesta to study changes in microbiota and serum to measure cytokines and chemokines. By genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we identified fourteen high level regulatory genes that are strongly affected in SBM-fed mice compared to the other experimental groups. They mostly related to the mTOR pathway. In addition, an increased (P < 0.05) concentration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was observed in serum of SBM-fed mice compared to other dietary groups. Moreover, by 16S rRNA sequencing, we observed that SBM-fed mice had higher (P < 0.05) abundances of Bacteroidales family S24-7, compared to the other dietary groups. We showed that measurements of genome-wide expression and microbiota composition in the mouse ileum reveal divergent responses to diets containing different protein sources, in particular for a diet based on SBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya K. Kar
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. M. Jansman
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nirupama Benis
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Javier Ramiro-Garcia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of System and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirkjan Schokker
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo Kruijt
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen H. Stolte
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mari A. Smits
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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19
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Palmer CS, Duette GA, Wagner MCE, Henstridge DC, Saleh S, Pereira C, Zhou J, Simar D, Lewin SR, Ostrowski M, McCune JM, Crowe SM. Metabolically active CD4+ T cells expressing Glut1 and OX40 preferentially harbor HIV during in vitro infection. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3319-3332. [PMID: 28892135 PMCID: PMC5658250 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
High glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) surface expression is associated with increased glycolytic activity in activated CD4+ T cells. Phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K) activation measured by p‐Akt and OX40 is elevated in CD4+Glut1+ T cells from HIV+ subjects. TCR engagement of CD4+Glut1+ T cells from HIV+ subjects demonstrates hyperresponsive PI3K‐mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. High basal Glut1 and OX40 on CD4+ T cells from combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)‐treated HIV+ patients represent a sufficiently metabolically active state permissive for HIV infection in vitro without external stimuli. The majority of CD4+OX40+ T cells express Glut1, thus OX40 rather than Glut1 itself may facilitate HIV infection. Furthermore, infection of CD4+ T cells is limited by p110γ PI3K inhibition. Modulating glucose metabolism may limit cellular activation and prevent residual HIV replication in ‘virologically suppressed’ cART‐treated HIV+ persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis S Palmer
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Duette
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Darren C Henstridge
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suah Saleh
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Candida Pereira
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jingling Zhou
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Simar
- Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matias Ostrowski
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M Crowe
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Chiu H, Mallya S, Nguyen P, Mai A, Jackson LV, Winkler DG, DiNitto JP, Brophy EE, McGovern K, Kutok JL, Fruman DA. The Selective Phosphoinoside-3-Kinase p110δ Inhibitor IPI-3063 Potently Suppresses B Cell Survival, Proliferation, and Differentiation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:747. [PMID: 28713374 PMCID: PMC5491903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The class I phosphoinoside-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important enzymes that relay signals from cell surface receptors to downstream mediators driving cellular functions. Elevated PI3K signaling is found in B cell malignancies and lymphocytes of patients with autoimmune disease. The p110δ catalytic isoform of PI3K is a rational target since it is critical for B lymphocyte development, survival, activation, and differentiation. In addition, activating mutations in PIK3CD encoding p110δ cause a human immunodeficiency known as activated PI3K delta syndrome. Currently, idelalisib is the only selective p110δ inhibitor that has been FDA approved to treat certain B cell malignancies. p110δ inhibitors can suppress autoantibody production in mouse models, but limited clinical trials in human autoimmunity have been performed with PI3K inhibitors to date. Thus, there is a need for additional tools to understand the effect of pharmacological inhibition of PI3K isoforms in lymphocytes. In this study, we tested the effects of a potent and selective p110δ inhibitor, IPI-3063, in assays of B cell function. We found that IPI-3063 potently reduced mouse B cell proliferation, survival, and plasmablast differentiation while increasing antibody class switching to IgG1, almost to the same degree as a pan-PI3K inhibitor. Similarly, IPI-3063 potently inhibited human B cell proliferation in vitro. The p110γ isoform has partially overlapping roles with p110δ in B cell development, but little is known about its role in B cell function. We found that the p110γ inhibitor AS-252424 had no significant impact on B cell responses. A novel dual p110δ/γ inhibitor, IPI-443, had comparable effects to p110δ inhibition alone. These findings show that p110δ is the dominant isoform mediating B cell responses and establish that IPI-3063 is a highly potent molecule useful for studying p110δ function in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honyin Chiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sharmila Mallya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Phuongthao Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Annie Mai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Leandra V Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - David G Winkler
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Erin E Brophy
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Karen McGovern
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jeffery L Kutok
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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21
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Ackerknecht M, Gollmer K, Germann P, Ficht X, Abe J, Fukui Y, Swoger J, Ripoll J, Sharpe J, Stein JV. Antigen Availability and DOCK2-Driven Motility Govern CD4+ T Cell Interactions with Dendritic Cells In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:520-530. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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The Multifaceted Roles of PI3Kγ in Hypertension, Vascular Biology, and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111858. [PMID: 27834808 PMCID: PMC5133858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3Kγ is a multifaceted protein, crucially involved in cardiovascular and immune systems. Several studies described the biological and physiological functions of this enzyme in the regulation of cardiovascular system, while others stressed its role in the modulation of immunity. Although PI3Kγ has been historically investigated for its role in leukocytes, the last decade of research also dedicated efforts to explore its functions in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we report an overview recapitulating how PI3Kγ signaling participates in the regulation of vascular functions involved in blood pressure regulation. Moreover, we also summarize the main functions of PI3Kγ in immune responses that could be potentially important in the interaction with the cardiovascular system. Considering that vascular and immune mechanisms are increasingly emerging as intertwining players in hypertension, PI3Kγ could be an intriguing pathway acting on both sides. The availability of specific inhibitors introduces a perspective of further translational research and clinical approaches that could be exploited in hypertension.
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Kurebayashi Y, Baba Y, Minowa A, Nadya NA, Azuma M, Yoshimura A, Koyasu S, Nagai S. TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Akt and Foxo transcription factors negatively regulates induced regulatory T cell differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:114-119. [PMID: 27697523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pivotal cytokine in the differentiation of regulatory T cells, and Foxo transcription factors positively regulate this process. On the other hand, the function of Foxo transcription factors is negatively regulated by PI3K/Akt signaling, which is activated by TGF-β in many types of cells; yet the role of TGF-β in Akt activity and its downstream substrates in CD4+ T cells, including Foxo transcription factors, remains to be determined. Herein, we demonstrate that TGF-β selectively induces Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 but not at Thr308 in a class IA PI3K-dependent manner in CD4+ T cells, resulting in the phosphorylation and inhibition of Foxo transcription factors and negatively regulating the differentiation of induced regulatory T cells (iTregs). These observations reveal a novel negative regulatory mechanism involving Akt and Foxo transcription factors induced by TGF-β in the iTreg differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kurebayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Baba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Minowa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Niken Adiba Nadya
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology (JST), Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Shigeo Koyasu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Immune Cell System, RCAI, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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24
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Zwang NA, Zhang R, Germana S, Fan MY, Hastings WD, Cao A, Turka LA. Selective Sparing of Human Tregs by Pharmacologic Inhibitors of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and MEK Pathways. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2624-38. [PMID: 27017850 PMCID: PMC5007157 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated (MEK) signaling are central to the survival and proliferation of many cell types. Multiple lines of investigation in murine models have shown that control of the PI3K pathway is particularly important for regulatory T cell (Treg) stability and function. PI3K and MEK inhibitors are being introduced into the clinic, and we hypothesized that pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K, and possibly MEK, in mixed cultures of human mononuclear cells would preferentially affect CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes compared with Tregs. We tested this hypothesis using four readouts: proliferation, activation, functional suppression, and signaling. Results showed that Tregs were less susceptible to inhibition by both δ and α isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors and by an MEK inhibitor compared with their conventional CD4(+) and CD8(+) counterparts. These studies suggest less functional reliance on PI3K and MEK signaling in Tregs compared with conventional CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes. Therefore, the PI3K and MEK pathways are attractive pharmacologic targets for transplantation and treatment of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Zwang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women’s Hospital Nephrology Joint Fellowship Program, Boston, MA
| | - R. Zhang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S. Germana
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - M. Y. Fan
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - A. Cao
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - L. A. Turka
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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25
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PI3-Kinase-γ Has a Distinct and Essential Role in Lung-Specific Dendritic Cell Development. Immunity 2015; 43:674-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Cellulose alters the expression of nuclear factor kappa B-related genes and Toll-like receptor-related genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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27
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Pearce VQ, Bouabe H, MacQueen AR, Carbonaro V, Okkenhaug K. PI3Kδ Regulates the Magnitude of CD8+ T Cell Responses after Challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3206-17. [PMID: 26311905 PMCID: PMC4574522 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PI3Ks regulate diverse immune cell functions by transmitting intracellular signals from Ag, costimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors to control cell division, differentiation, survival, and migration. In this study, we report the effect of inhibiting the p110δ subunit of PI3Kδ on CD8(+) T cell responses to infection with the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. A strong dependency on PI3Kδ for IFN-γ production by CD8(+) T cells in vitro was not recapitulated after Listeria infection in vivo. Inactivation of PI3Kδ resulted in enhanced bacterial elimination by the innate immune system. However, the magnitudes of the primary and secondary CD8 +: T cell responses were reduced. Moreover, PI3Kδ activity was required for CD8(+) T cells to provide help to other responding CD8(+) cells. These findings identify PI3Kδ as a key regulator of CD8(+) T cell responses that integrates extrinsic cues, including those from other responding cells, to determine the collective behavior of CD8(+) T cell populations responding to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Q Pearce
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Hicham Bouabe
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Amy R MacQueen
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Carbonaro
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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28
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Collier PN, Messersmith D, Le Tiran A, Bandarage UK, Boucher C, Come J, Cottrell KM, Damagnez V, Doran JD, Griffith JP, Khare-Pandit S, Krueger EB, Ledeboer MW, Ledford B, Liao Y, Mahajan S, Moody CS, Roday S, Wang T, Xu J, Aronov AM. Discovery of Highly Isoform Selective Thiazolopiperidine Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5684-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip N. Collier
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - David Messersmith
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Arnaud Le Tiran
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Upul K. Bandarage
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Christina Boucher
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jon Come
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kevin M. Cottrell
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Veronique Damagnez
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John D. Doran
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - James P. Griffith
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Suvarna Khare-Pandit
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Elaine B. Krueger
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Mark W. Ledeboer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Brian Ledford
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Yusheng Liao
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Sudipta Mahajan
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Cameron S. Moody
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Setu Roday
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jinwang Xu
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Alex M. Aronov
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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29
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Haji-Fatahaliha M, Hosseini M, Akbarian A, Sadreddini S, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi M. CAR-modified T-cell therapy for cancer: an updated review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1339-49. [PMID: 26068778 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1052465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. These genetically modified receptors contain an antigen-binding moiety, a hinge region, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular costimulatory domain resulting in T-cell activation subsequent to antigen binding. Optimal tumor removal through CAR-modified T cells requires suitable target antigen selection, co-stimulatory signaling domain, and the ability of CAR T cells to traffic, persist, and retain antitumor function after adoptive transfer. There are several elements which can improve antitumor function of CAR T cells, including signaling, conditioning chemotherapy and irradiation, tumor burden of the disease, T-cell phenotype, and supplementary cytokine usage. This review outlines four generations of CAR. The pre-clinical and clinical studies showed that this technique has a great potential for treatment of solid and hematological malignancies. The main purpose of the current review is to focus on the pre-clinical and clinical developments of CAR-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Haji-Fatahaliha
- a Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Department of Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- b Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Department of Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Asiye Akbarian
- d Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sanam Sadreddini
- a Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Department of Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- e Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- a Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Department of Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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30
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Xu L, Auzins A, Sun X, Xu Y, Harnischfeger F, Lu Y, Li Z, Chen YH, Zheng W, Liu W. The synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is dependent on CD19-PI3K module and cytoskeleton remodeling molecules. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:223-34. [PMID: 25979433 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0614-287rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains are important in the initiation of BCR signaling. Although it is known that lipid rafts promote the coclustering of BCR and Lyn kinase microclusters within the B cell IS, the molecular mechanism of the recruitment of lipid rafts into the B cell IS is not understood completely. Here, we report that the synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is dependent on the cytoskeleton-remodeling proteins, RhoA and Vav. Such an event is also efficiently regulated by motor proteins, myosin IIA and dynein. Further evidence suggests the synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is, by principle, an event triggered by BCR signaling molecules and second messenger molecules. BCR-activating coreceptor CD19 potently enhances such an event depending on its cytoplasmic Tyr421 and Tyr482 residues. The enhancing function of the CD19-PI3K module in synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is also confirmed in human peripheral blood B cells. Thus, these results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the recruitment of lipid raft microdomains in B cell IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Xu
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Arturs Auzins
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yinsheng Xu
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fiona Harnischfeger
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hua Chen
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Turvey ME, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Hoffmann P, McColl SR. p84 forms a negative regulatory complex with p110γ to control PI3Kγ signalling during cell migration. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:735-43. [PMID: 25753393 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) consists of the catalytic subunit p110γ that forms a mutually exclusive heterodimer with one of the two adaptor subunits, p101 or p84. Although activation of PI3Kγ is necessary for cell migration downstream of G-protein-coupled receptor engagement, particularly within the immune system, aberrant PI3Kγ signalling has been associated with transformation, increased migration and the progression of multiple cancer types. Regulation of PI3Kγ signal activation and duration is critical to controlling and maintaining coordinated cellular migration; however, the mechanistic basis for this is not well understood. We have recently demonstrated that, in contrast to the tumour-promoting potential of p110γ and p101, p84 possesses tumour-suppressor activity, suggesting a negative regulatory role within PI3Kγ signalling. The present study investigated the role of p84 phosphorylation in the context of PI3Kγ signalling, cell migration and p84-mediated tumour suppression. Two putative phosphorylation sites were characterised within p84, Ser358 and Thr607. Expression of wild-type p84 reduced the oncogenic potential of MDA.MB.231 cells and inhibited metastatic lung colonisation in vivo, effects that were dependent on Thr607. Furthermore, loss of Thr607 enhanced migration of MDA.MB.231 cells in vitro and prevented the induction of p84/p110γ dimers. The dimerisation of wild-type p84 with p110γ was not detected at the plasma membrane, indicating an inhibitory interaction preventing PI3Kγ lipid-kinase activity. In contrast, Ser358 phosphorylation was not determined to be critical for p84 activity in the context of migration. Our findings suggest that p84 binding to p110γ may represent a novel negative feedback signal that terminates PI3Kγ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Turvey
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide and Centre for Molecular Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Peter Hoffmann
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide and Centre for Molecular Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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32
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Yost EA, Hynes TR, Hartle CM, Ott BJ, Berlot CH. Inhibition of G-protein βγ signaling enhances T cell receptor-stimulated interleukin 2 transcription in CD4+ T helper cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116575. [PMID: 25629163 PMCID: PMC4309538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling modulates the expression of cytokines that are drug targets for immune disorders. However, although GPCRs are common targets for other diseases, there are few GPCR-based pharmaceuticals for inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether targeting G-protein βγ (Gβγ) complexes could provide a useful new approach for modulating interleukin 2 (IL-2) levels in CD4+ T helper cells. Gallein, a small molecule inhibitor of Gβγ, increased levels of T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated IL-2 mRNA in primary human naïve and memory CD4+ T helper cells and in Jurkat human CD4+ leukemia T cells. Gβ1 and Gβ2 mRNA accounted for >99% of Gβ mRNA, and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of Gβ1 but not Gβ2 enhanced TCR-stimulated IL-2 mRNA increases. Blocking Gβγ enhanced TCR-stimulated increases in IL-2 transcription without affecting IL-2 mRNA stability. Blocking Gβγ also enhanced TCR-stimulated increases in nuclear localization of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1), NFAT transcriptional activity, and levels of intracellular Ca2+. Potentiation of IL-2 transcription required continuous Gβγ inhibition during at least two days of TCR stimulation, suggesting that induction or repression of additional signaling proteins during T cell activation and differentiation might be involved. The potentiation of TCR-stimulated IL-2 transcription that results from blocking Gβγ in CD4+ T helper cells could have applications for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Yost
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-2623, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Hynes
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-2623, United States of America
| | - Cassandra M. Hartle
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-2623, United States of America
| | - Braden J. Ott
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-2623, United States of America
| | - Catherine H. Berlot
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-2623, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Li T, Chen H, Yang Z, Wang W, Wang YT, Zhang LM, Zhao JH, Zhou X, Li YM. A novel Pseudolaric acid B derivative, Hexahydropseudolaric acid B, exterts an immunomodulatory effect in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 745:10-8. [PMID: 25446920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Identification of immunosuppressants from natural sources has a proven track record in immune mediated disorders. Pseudolaric acid B is a diterpenoid isolated from the roots of Pseudolarix amabilis, possessing potent immunomodulatory effect. However, the cytotoxicity limits its future clinical application. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunosuppressive activity of Hexahydropseudolaric acid B, a Pseudolaric acid B derivative, on T cell-mediated immune response both in vitro and in vivo, and investigated its immunomodulatory effect to develop a more ascendant immunosuppressive agent. The results showed that Hexahydropseudolaric acid B could exert more preferable immunosuppressive activity and lower cytotoxicity than Pseudolaric acid B. Hexahydropseudolaric acid B significantly inhibited T cell proliferation activated by mitogen and alloantigen without obvious cytotoxicity in vitro. Furthermore, Hexahydropseudolaric acid B could ameliorate ear swelling in a mouse model of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo. Mechanistic study revealed that Hexahydropseudolaric acid B could enhance regulatory T cells via promoting Foxp3 expression and TGF-β level, accompanied by attenuating Akt activation, blocking p38MAPK/MK2-HSP27 signal cascades, and up-regulating PPAR-γ expression. Taken together, these results suggest that Hexahydropseudolaric acid B exerts more preferable immunosuppressive activity than its precursor Pseudolaric acid B by affecting multiple targets, which support the need for continued efforts to characterize the efficacy of HPAB as a promising and safe candidate to treat immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yi-teng Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Li-ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Ji-hong Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China; Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China; Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yu-ming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China; Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People׳s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
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PI3K signalling in inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:882-97. [PMID: 25514767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PI3Ks regulate several key events in the inflammatory response to damage and infection. There are four Class I PI3K isoforms (PI3Kα,β,γ,δ), three Class II PI3K isoforms (PI3KC2α, C2β, C2γ) and a single Class III PI3K. The four Class I isoforms synthesise the phospholipid 'PIP3'. PIP3 is a 'second messenger' used by many different cell surface receptors to control cell movement, growth, survival and differentiation. These four isoforms have overlapping functions but each is adapted to receive efficient stimulation by particular receptor sub-types. PI3Kγ is highly expressed in leukocytes and plays a particularly important role in chemokine-mediated recruitment and activation of innate immune cells at sites of inflammation. PI3Kδ is also highly expressed in leukocytes and plays a key role in antigen receptor and cytokine-mediated B and T cell development, differentiation and function. Class III PI3K synthesises the phospholipid PI3P, which regulates endosome-lysosome trafficking and the induction of autophagy, pathways involved in pathogen killing, antigen processing and immune cell survival. Much less is known about the function of Class II PI3Ks, but emerging evidence indicates they can synthesise PI3P and PI34P2 and are involved in the regulation of endocytosis. The creation of genetically-modified mice with altered PI3K signalling, together with the development of isoform-selective, small-molecule PI3K inhibitors, has allowed the evaluation of the individual roles of Class I PI3K isoforms in several mouse models of chronic inflammation. Selective inhibition of PI3Kδ, γ or β has each been shown to reduce the severity of inflammation in one or more models of autoimmune disease, respiratory disease or allergic inflammation, with dual γ/δ or β/δ inhibition generally proving more effective. The inhibition of Class I PI3Ks may therefore offer a therapeutic opportunity to treat non-resolving inflammatory pathologies in humans. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phosphoinositides.
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Chapman NM, Yoder AN, Barbón KM, Bilal MY, Connolly SF, Houtman JCD. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 controls PI3-kinase activation downstream of the T cell antigen receptor in human T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:285-96. [PMID: 25387834 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a1013-568rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TCR-induced signaling controls T cell activation that drives adaptive immunity against infections, but it can also induce dysfunctional T cell responses that promote pathologic disease. The PI3K pathway regulates many downstream effector responses after TCR stimulation. However, the molecular mechanisms that induce PI3K function downstream of the TCR are not fully understood. We have previously shown that Pyk2 is activated downstream of the TCR in a PI3K-independent manner. Although Pyk2 controls adhesion, proliferation, and cytokine production in T cells, the mechanisms by which it controls these processes are not known. In this study, we generated Pyk2-deficient human T cells to elucidate further the role that this kinase plays in TCR-induced effector functions and signaling. We observed that Pyk2 localized with the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K at the LAT complex and that PI3K-dependent signaling was impaired in Pyk2-deficient T cells. Likewise, functions downstream of PI3K, including IFN-γ production and proliferation, were also suppressed in human T cells deficient in Pyk2. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Pyk2 is a critical regulator of PI3K function downstream of the TCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Chapman
- *Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ashley N Yoder
- *Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kathryn M Barbón
- *Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mahmood Y Bilal
- *Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sean F Connolly
- *Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jon C D Houtman
- *Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Mikami N, Sakaguchi S. CD28 signals the differential control of regulatory T cells and effector T cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:955-7. [PMID: 24652756 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One possible means of driving antigen-specific immune suppression is to expand or induce antigen-specific FoxP3-expressing Treg cells. One way of activating and expanding these specialized cells, both in vitro and in vivo, is by strong costimulation via CD28 with an agonistic anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody, called anti-CD28 superagonist (CD28SA). However, CD28SA also strongly activates conventional T (Tconv) cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and, under certain conditions, causes serious cytokine release syndrome. In this issue of European Journal of Immunology, Tabares et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 1225-1236] address how CD28SA can be used for the differential control of human Treg and Tconv cells to suppress immune responses without serious adverse effects. They show that, depending on the dose of the antibody or by comedication of cortico-steroid, the selective expansion of Treg cells can be achieved without significantly activating Tconv cells to produce inflammatory cytokines. This difference in CD28 signal sensitivity between the two populations can be exploited for better control of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Mikami
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Vella LJ, Andrews MC, Behren A, Cebon J, Woods K. Immune consequences of kinase inhibitors in development, undergoing clinical trials and in current use in melanoma treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1107-23. [PMID: 24939732 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.929943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic malignant melanoma is a frequently fatal cancer. In recent years substantial therapeutic progress has occurred with the development of targeted kinase inhibitors and immunotherapeutics. Targeted therapies often result in rapid clinical benefit however responses are seldom durable. Immune therapies can result in durable disease control but responses may not be immediate. Optimal cancer therapy requires both rapid and durable cancer control and this can likely best be achieved by combining targeted therapies with immunotherapeutics. To achieve this, a detailed understanding of the immune consequences of the various kinase inhibitors, in development, clinical trial and currently used to treat melanoma is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Vella
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immuno-biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
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38
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Suárez-Fueyo A, Rojas JM, Cariaga AE, García E, Steiner BH, Barber DF, Puri KD, Carrera AC. Inhibition of PI3Kδ reduces kidney infiltration by macrophages and ameliorates systemic lupus in the mouse. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:544-54. [PMID: 24935930 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a human chronic inflammatory disease generated and maintained throughout life by autoreactive T and B cells. Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) are heterodimers composed of a regulatory and a catalytic subunit that catalyze phosphoinositide-3,4,5-P3 formation and regulate cell survival, migration, and division. Activity of the PI3Kδ isoform is enhanced in human SLE patient PBLs. In this study, we analyzed the effect of inhibiting PI3Kδ in MRL/lpr mice, a model of human SLE. We found that PI3Kδ inhibition ameliorated lupus progression. Treatment of these mice with a PI3Kδ inhibitor reduced the excessive numbers of CD4(+) effector/memory cells and B cells. In addition, this treatment reduced serum TNF-α levels and the number of macrophages infiltrating the kidney. Expression of inactive PI3Kδ, but not deletion of the other hematopoietic isoform PI3Kγ, reduced the ability of macrophages to cross the basement membrane, a process required to infiltrate the kidney, explaining MRL/lpr mice improvement by pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kδ. The observations that p110δ inhibitor prolonged mouse life span, reduced disease symptoms, and showed no obvious secondary effects indicates that PI3Kδ is a promising target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Suárez-Fueyo
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José M Rojas
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ariel E Cariaga
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Esther García
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain; and
| | - Bart H Steiner
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Seattle, WA 98102
| | - Domingo F Barber
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Kamal D Puri
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Seattle, WA 98102
| | - Ana C Carrera
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain;
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Immune modulating capability of two exopolysaccharide-producing Bifidobacterium strains in a Wistar rat model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:106290. [PMID: 24971309 PMCID: PMC4058098 DOI: 10.1155/2014/106290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fermented dairy products are the usual carriers for the delivery of probiotics to humans, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus being the most frequently used bacteria. In this work, the strains Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis IPLA R1 and Bifidobacterium longum IPLA E44 were tested for their capability to modulate immune response and the insulin-dependent glucose homeostasis using male Wistar rats fed with a standard diet. Three intervention groups were fed daily for 24 days with 10% skimmed milk, or with 109 cfu of the corresponding strain suspended in the same vehicle. A significant increase of the suppressor-regulatory TGF-β cytokine occurred with both strains in comparison with a control (no intervention) group of rats; the highest levels were reached in rats fed IPLA R1. This strain presented an immune protective profile, as it was able to reduce the production of the proinflammatory IL-6. Moreover, phosphorylated Akt kinase decreased in gastroctemius muscle of rats fed the strain IPLA R1, without affecting the glucose, insulin, and HOMA index in blood, or levels of Glut-4 located in the membrane of muscle and adipose tissue cells. Therefore, the strain B. animalis subsp. lactis IPLA R1 is a probiotic candidate to be tested in mild grade inflammation animal models.
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