1
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Chen Q, Liu H, Luling N, Reinke J, Dent AL. Evidence that High-Affinity IgE Can Develop in the Germinal Center in the Absence of an IgG1-Switched Intermediate. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:905-915. [PMID: 36779803 PMCID: PMC10038918 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity allergen-specific IgE is essential for the severe allergic anaphylaxis response. High-affinity Abs are formed by successive rounds of selection of Ag-specific B cells in the germinal center (GC); however, several studies have shown that IgE+ GC B cells are impaired in their ability to undergo selection in the GC. A pathway, known as the "indirect switching pathway" for IgE, has been described whereby Ag-specific B cells initially switch to the IgG1 isotype and undergo affinity selection in the GC, with a secondary switch to the IgE isotype after affinity selection. In previous work, using a food allergy model in mice, we investigated how high-affinity IgE develops in the GC, but we did not test the indirect switching model. In this study, we analyzed the importance of the indirect switching pathway by constructing IgG1-cre Bcl6-fl/fl mice. In these mice, once B cells switch to IgG1, they delete Bcl6 and thus cannot enter or persist in the GC. When we tested IgG1-cre Bcl6-fl/fl mice with our food allergy model, we found that, as expected, IgG1 Abs had decreased affinity, but unexpectedly, the affinity of IgE for allergen was unchanged. IgG1-cre Bcl6-fl/fl mice underwent anaphylaxis in response to allergen, consistent with the formation of high-affinity IgE. Thus, in a food allergy response, high-affinity IgE can be efficiently formed in the absence of indirect switching to IgG1, either by direct selection of IgE+ GC B cells or indirect selection of IgM+ GC B cells that later switch to IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Noelle Luling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Julia Reinke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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2
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Reimer D, Meyer-Hermann M, Rakhymzhan A, Steinmetz T, Tripal P, Thomas J, Boettcher M, Mougiakakos D, Schulz SR, Urbanczyk S, Hauser AE, Niesner RA, Mielenz D. B Cell Speed and B-FDC Contacts in Germinal Centers Determine Plasma Cell Output via Swiprosin-1/EFhd2. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108030. [PMID: 32783949 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells secreting affinity-matured antibodies develop in germinal centers (GCs), where B cells migrate persistently and directionally over defined periods of time. How modes of GC B cell migration influence plasma cell development remained unclear. Through genetic deletion of the F-actin bundling protein Swiprosin-1/EF-hand domain family member 2 (EFhd2) and by two-photon microscopy, we show that EFhd2 restrains B cell speed in GCs and hapten-specific plasma cell output. Modeling the GC reaction reveals that increasing GC B cell speed promotes plasma cell generation. Lack of EFhd2 also reduces contacts of GC B cells with follicular dendritic cells in vivo. Computational modeling uncovers that both GC output and antibody affinity depend quantitatively on contacts of GC B cells with follicular dendritic cells when B cells migrate more persistently. Collectively, our data explain how GC B cells integrate speed and persistence of cell migration with B cell receptor affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Reimer
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig, Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Tobit Steinmetz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Optical Imaging Center (OICE), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Thomas
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Boettcher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sophia Urbanczyk
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca A Niesner
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany; Dynamic and Functional In Vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Zaini A, Good-Jacobson KL, Zaph C. Context-dependent roles of B cells during intestinal helminth infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009340. [PMID: 33983946 PMCID: PMC8118336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current approaches to reduce the burden of chronic helminth infections in endemic areas are adequate sanitation and periodic administration of deworming drugs. Yet, resistance against some deworming drugs and reinfection can still rapidly occur even after treatment. A vaccine against helminths would be an effective solution at preventing reinfection. However, vaccines against helminth parasites have yet to be successfully developed. While T helper cells and innate lymphoid cells have been established as important components of the protective type 2 response, the roles of B cells and antibodies remain the most controversial. Here, we review the roles of B cells during intestinal helminth infection. We discuss the potential factors that contribute to the context-specific roles for B cells in protection against diverse intestinal helminth parasite species, using evidence from well-defined murine model systems. Understanding the precise roles of B cells during resistance and susceptibility to helminth infection may offer a new perspective of type 2 protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidil Zaini
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L. Good-Jacobson
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colby Zaph
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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4
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Xie MM, Chen Q, Liu H, Yang K, Koh B, Wu H, Maleki SJ, Hurlburt BK, Cook-Mills J, Kaplan MH, Dent AL. T follicular regulatory cells and IL-10 promote food antigen-specific IgE. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3820-3832. [PMID: 32255767 PMCID: PMC7324176 DOI: 10.1172/jci132249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergies are a major clinical problem and are driven by IgE antibodies (Abs) specific for food antigens (Ags). T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are a specialized subset of FOXP3+ T cells that modulate Ab responses. Here, we analyzed the role of Tfr cells in regulating Ag-specific IgE using a peanut-based food allergy model in mice. Peanut-specific IgE titers and anaphylaxis responses were significantly blunted in Tfr cell-deficient Foxp3-Cre Bcl6fl/fl mice. Loss of Tfr cells led to greatly increased nonspecific IgE levels, showing that Tfr cells have both helper and suppressor functions in IgE production in the germinal center (GC) that work together to facilitate the production of Ag-specific IgE. Foxp3-Cre Ptenfl/fl mice with augmented Tfr cell responses had markedly higher levels of peanut-specific IgE, revealing an active helper function by Tfr cells on Ag-specific IgE. The helper function of Tfr cells for IgE production involves IL-10, and the loss of IL-10 signaling by B cells led to a severely curtailed peanut-specific IgE response, decreased GCB cell survival, and loss of GC dark zone B cells after peanut sensitization. We thus reveal that Tfr cells have an unexpected helper role in promoting food allergy and may represent a target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Byunghee Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Soheila J. Maleki
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Barry K. Hurlburt
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joan Cook-Mills
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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5
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Fan CC, Tsai ST, Lin CY, Chang LC, Yang JC, Chen GY, Sher YP, Wang SC, Hsiao M, Chang WC. EFHD2 contributes to non-small cell lung cancer cisplatin resistance by the activation of NOX4-ROS-ABCC1 axis. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101571. [PMID: 32446175 PMCID: PMC7243194 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis remain the major cause of cancer mortality. Even for early-stage lung cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy yields merely slight increase to patient survival. EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2) has recently been implicated in recurrence of patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we investigated the correlation between EFHD2 and chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of EFHD2 was significantly associated with poor overall survival of NSCLC patients with chemotherapy in in silica analysis. Ectopic EFHD2 overexpression increased cisplatin resistance, whereas EFHD2 knockdown improved chemoresponse. Mechanistically, EFHD2 induced the production of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and in turn the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), consequently activating membrane expression of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) for drug efflux. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen suppressed EFHD2 expression by leading to the proteasomal and lysosomal degradation of EFHD2 through a cyclooxygenase (COX)-independent mechanism. Combining ibuprofen with cisplatin enhanced antitumor responsiveness in a murine xenograft model in comparison with the individual treatment. In conclusion, we demonstrate that EFHD2 promotes chemoresistance through the NOX4-ROS-ABCC1 axis and therefore developing EFHD2-targeting strategies may offer a new avenue to improve adjuvant chemotherapy of lung cancer. EFHD2 increases resistance of lung cancer to cisplatin. EFHD2 enhances the NOX4-ROS-ABCC1signalingfor cisplatin efflux. Ibuprofen suppresses EFHD2 through both proteasomal and lysosomal degradationmechanisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Fan
- Department of Superintendent Office, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ta Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Lin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chu Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Department of Superintendent Office, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Pyng Sher
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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6
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Kogias G, Zheng F, Kalinichenko LS, Kornhuber J, Alzheimer C, Mielenz D, Müller CP. Swiprosin1/EFhd2 is involved in the monoaminergic and locomotor responses of psychostimulant drugs. J Neurochem 2020; 154:424-440. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kogias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Fang Zheng
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Liubov S. Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology Department of Internal Medicine III Nikolaus‐Fiebiger‐Center University Clinic Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian P. Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
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7
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Fürnrohr BG, Mielenz D. Quantification of Human Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 Expression on Protein and RNA Level. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:595-605. [PMID: 30710299 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many Ca2+-binding proteins are differentially regulated under pro-inflammatory conditions in different organs. Specific quantification of RNA and protein expression of those proteins demands validated protocols. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) can mirror an inflammatory status originating from several organs and can therefore be an important diagnostic tool. Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 (EFhd2) is a ~30 kDa Ca2+ and F-actin binding, cytoskeletal protein with two central EF hands and a C-terminal coiled-coil domain. Unbiased gene expression analyses and proteomics revealed that EFhd2 is regulated under pro-inflammatory conditions in several cell types and tissues. Here we describe validated protocols to quantify the expression of the human orthologue of Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 on RNA and protein level in PBMC. Both methods reveal that EFhd2 is stronger expressed in monocytes than in B cells of healthy donors. Thus, initial experiments relying on qPCR are likely to provide results with functional relevance. The higher expression of EFhd2 in monocytes could be related to monocyte migration under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G Fürnrohr
- Division of Molecular immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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8
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Conserved Noncoding Sequences Boost ADR1 and SP1 Regulated Human Swiprosin-1 Promoter Activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16481. [PMID: 30405162 PMCID: PMC6220333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Swiprosin-1 is expressed in various types of cells or tissues of different species. To investigate the mechanisms underlying Swiprosin-1 expression pattern, we analyzed the promoter activity of 2-kilobase genomic sequences located at 5′ flanking region of the Swiprosin-1 gene. The −2000/+41 bp of 5′ flanking untranslated promoter region of Swiprosin-1 gene was constitutively transactivated without significant effect of PMA, A23187, or PMA/A23187 stimulation in Jurkat T cells. Further, we identified 5′ deletant of proximal promoter region (−100/+41 to −70/+41) plays a pivotal role in activating the Swiprosin-1 gene in Jurkat T cells. Our studies also verified that ADR1 and Sp1 transcription factors were located between −70 and -100 locus of 5′ flanking proximal promoter region, which is critical for the Swiprosin-1 promoter activity. ADR1 and Sp1 were shown to bind the regions of −82, −79, −76, −73 and −70 and; −79, −78 and −77, respectively, within the proximal promoter region of Swiprosin-1. Finally conserved noncoding sequences (CNS) -1, -2 and -3 were located between the exon 1 and exon 2 of Swiprosin-1 gene and synergistically transactivated the Swiprosin-1 promoter. In summary, Swiprosin-1 was constitutively expressed in Jurkat T cells by the coordinate action of ADR1 and SP1 transcription factors at the transcriptional level and CNS further boost the proximal region of Swiprosin-1 promoter activity. Our findings provide novel insights that the transcriptional regulation of Swiprosin-1 by targeting ADR1 and Sp1 binding sites may be helpful in exploring novel therapeutic strategies for advanced immune or other disorders.
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9
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Peled M, Dragovich MA, Adam K, Strazza M, Tocheva AS, Vega IE, Mor A. EF Hand Domain Family Member D2 Is Required for T Cell Cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:2824-2831. [PMID: 30275048 PMCID: PMC6200634 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a major coinhibitory receptor and a member of the immunological synapse (IS). To uncover proteins that regulate PD-1 recruitment to the IS, we searched for cytoskeleton-related proteins that also interact with PD-1 using affinity purification mass spectrometry. Among these proteins, EF hand domain family member D2 (EFHD2), a calcium binding adaptor protein, was functionally and mechanistically analyzed for its contribution to PD-1 signaling. EFHD2 was required for PD-1 to inhibit cytokine secretion, proliferation, and adhesion of human T cells. Interestingly, EFHD2 was also required for human T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and for mounting an antitumor immune response in a syngeneic murine tumor model. Mechanistically, EFHD2 contributed to IS stability, lytic vesicles trafficking, and granzyme B secretion. Altogether, EFHD2 is an important regulator of T cell cytotoxicity and further studies should evaluate its role in T cell-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Peled
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Pulmonary Department, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52620, Israel
| | - Matthew A Dragovich
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Kieran Adam
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Marianne Strazza
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Anna S Tocheva
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Irving E Vega
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503; and
| | - Adam Mor
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016;
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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10
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EFhd2/Swiprosin-1 is a common genetic determinator for sensation-seeking/low anxiety and alcohol addiction. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1303-1319. [PMID: 28397836 PMCID: PMC5984092 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In many societies, the majority of adults regularly consume alcohol. However, only a small proportion develops alcohol addiction. Individuals at risk often show a high sensation-seeking/low-anxiety behavioural phenotype. Here we asked which role EF hand domain containing 2 (EFhd2; Swiprosin-1) plays in the control of alcohol addiction-associated behaviours. EFhd2 knockout (KO) mice drink more alcohol than controls and spontaneously escalate their consumption. This coincided with a sensation-seeking and low-anxiety phenotype. A reversal of the behavioural phenotype with β-carboline, an anxiogenic inverse benzodiazepine receptor agonist, normalized alcohol preference in EFhd2 KO mice, demonstrating an EFhd2-driven relationship between personality traits and alcohol preference. These findings were confirmed in a human sample where we observed a positive association of the EFhd2 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs112146896 with lifetime drinking and a negative association with anxiety in healthy adolescents. The lack of EFhd2 reduced extracellular dopamine levels in the brain, but enhanced responses to alcohol. In confirmation, gene expression analysis revealed reduced tyrosine hydroxylase expression and the regulation of genes involved in cortex development, Eomes and Pax6, in EFhd2 KO cortices. These findings were corroborated in Xenopus tadpoles by EFhd2 knockdown. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in mice showed that a lack of EFhd2 reduces cortical volume in adults. Moreover, human MRI confirmed the negative association between lifetime alcohol drinking and superior frontal gyrus volume. We propose that EFhd2 is a conserved resilience factor against alcohol consumption and its escalation, working through Pax6/Eomes. Reduced EFhd2 function induces high-risk personality traits of sensation-seeking/low anxiety associated with enhanced alcohol consumption, which may be related to cortex function.
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11
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Regensburger M, Prots I, Reimer D, Brachs S, Loskarn S, Lie DC, Mielenz D, Winner B. Impact of Swiprosin-1/Efhd2 on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:347-355. [PMID: 29337116 PMCID: PMC5830914 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Swiprosin-1/Efhd2 (Efhd2) is highly expressed in the CNS during development and in the adult. EFHD2 is regulated by Ca2+ binding, stabilizes F-actin, and promotes neurite extension. Previous studies indicated a dysregulation of EFHD2 in human Alzheimer's disease brains. We hypothesized a detrimental effect of genetic ablation of Efhd2 on hippocampal integrity and specifically investigated adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Efhd2 was expressed throughout adult neuronal development and in mature neurons. We observed a severe reduction of the survival of adult newborn neurons in Efhd2 knockouts, starting at the early neuroblast stage. Spine formation and dendrite growth of newborn neurons were compromised in full Efhd2 knockouts, but not upon cell-autonomous Efhd2 deletion. Together with our finding of severe hippocampal tauopathy in Efhd2 knockout mice, these data connect Efhd2 to impaired synaptic plasticity as present in Alzheimer's disease and identify a role of Efhd2 in neuronal survival and synaptic integration in the adult hippocampus. Efhd2 is expressed in the dentate gyrus and its loss reduces adult neurogenesis Reduced neurite complexity and spine density in new neurons of Efhd2 knockout mice Role of cell-extrinsic EFHD2 for dendrite morphology of adult newborn neurons Increased levels of pathological TAU in the hippocampus of Efhd2 knockout mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Regensburger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany; IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Iryna Prots
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Dorothea Reimer
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sandra Loskarn
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany; IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Emil-Fischer Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany.
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Thylur RP, Gowda R, Mishra S, Jun CD. Swiprosin-1: Its Expression and Diverse Biological Functions. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:150-156. [PMID: 28590012 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 is a Ca2+ binding adapter protein involved in the various cellular functions. Swiprosin-1 is significantly upregulated in a number of pathological conditions of inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Swiprosin-1 associated with actin and its expression level amplifies the production of proinflammatory mediators and modulates the activation of transcription factor during immune cells activation. This review aims at providing an overview of the expression and function of swiprosin-1/EFhd2 in various pathophysiological conditions. We also discussed the key role of swiprosin-1 in immune cell activation, cell migration, apoptosis, humoral immunity, cancer invasion and metastasis, neuronal transport, and major signaling cascades. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 150-156, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh P Thylur
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sumita Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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13
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Physiological and pathophysiological functions of Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 in the nervous system. Biochem J 2017; 473:2429-37. [PMID: 27515255 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction and dysregulation of Ca(2+) are linked to neurodegenerative processes and behavioural disorders. Our understanding of the causes and factors involved in behavioural disorders and neurodegeneration, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), a tau-related disease, is on the one hand limited and on the other hand controversial. Here, we review recent data about the links between the Ca(2+)-binding EF-hand-containing cytoskeletal protein Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 and neurodegeneration. Specifically, we summarize the functional biochemical data obtained in vitro with the use of recombinant EFhd2 protein, and integrated them with in vivo data in order to interpret the emerging role of EFhd2 in synaptic plasticity and in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly involving the tauopathies. We also discuss its functions in actin remodelling through cofilin and small GTPases, thereby linking EFhd2, synapses and the actin cytoskeleton. Expression data and functional experiments in mice and in humans have led to the hypothesis that down-regulation of EFhd2, especially in the cortex, is involved in dementia.
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Porstner M, Winkelmann R, Daum P, Schmid J, Pracht K, Côrte-Real J, Schreiber S, Haftmann C, Brandl A, Mashreghi MF, Gelse K, Hauke M, Wirries I, Zwick M, Roth E, Radbruch A, Wittmann J, Jäck HM. miR-148a promotes plasma cell differentiation and targets the germinal center transcription factors Mitf and Bach2. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1206-15. [PMID: 25678371 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B cells undergo affinity maturation and class switch recombination of their immunoglobulin receptors during a germinal center (GC) reaction, before they differentiate into long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs). Transcription factors such as Bach2 and Mitf are essential during this process, as they delay premature differentiation of GC B cells by repressing Blimp-1 and IRF4, two transcription factors required for terminal PC differentiation. Therefore, Bach2 and Mitf expression must be attenuated in activated B cells to allow terminal PC differentiation, but the precise mechanism remains enigmatic. Here, we provide evidence that miR-148a, a small noncoding microRNA, fosters PC differentiation and survival. Next-generation sequencing revealed that miR-148a is the most abundant microRNA in primary human and murine PCs, and its expression is upregulated in activated murine B cells and coincides with Blimp-1 synthesis. miR-148a targets Bach2, Mitf and proapoptotic factors such as PTEN and Bim. When prematurely expressed, miR-148a promotes the differentiation and survival of plasmablasts and reduces frequencies of IgG1(+) cells in primary B-cell cultures. In summary, we propose that miR-148a is a new player in the regulatory network controlling terminal PC differentiation and could, therefore, be a therapeutic target for interfering with PC differentiation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Porstner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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The adaptor protein Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 is dispensable for platelet function in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107139. [PMID: 25243606 PMCID: PMC4170979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are anuclear cell fragments derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes that safeguard vascular integrity, but may also cause pathological vessel occlusion. Reorganizations of the platelet cytoskeleton and agonist-induced intracellular Ca2+-mobilization are crucial for platelet hemostatic function. EF-hand domain containing 2 (EFhd2, Swiprosin-1) is a Ca2+-binding cytoskeletal adaptor protein involved in actin remodeling in different cell types, but its function in platelets is unknown. Objective Based on the described functions of EFhd2 in immune cells, we tested the hypothesis that EFhd2 is a crucial adaptor protein for platelet function acting as a regulator of Ca2+-mobilization and cytoskeletal rearrangements. Methods and Results We generated EFhd2-deficient mice and analyzed their platelets in vitro and in vivo. Efhd2-/- mice displayed normal platelet count and size, exhibited an unaltered in vivo life span and showed normal Ca2+-mobilization and activation/aggregation responses to classic agonists. Interestingly, upon stimulation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-coupled receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI, Efhd2-/- platelets showed a slightly increased coagulant activity. Furthermore, absence of EFhd2 had no significant impact on integrin-mediated clot retraction, actomyosin rearrangements and spreading of activated platelets on fibrinogen. In vivo EFhd2-deficiency resulted in unaltered hemostatic function and unaffected arterial thrombus formation. Conclusion These results show that EFhd2 is not essential for platelet function in mice indicating that other cytoskeletal adaptors may functionally compensate its loss.
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The Ca2+ sensor protein swiprosin-1/EFhd2 is present in neurites and involved in kinesin-mediated transport in neurons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103976. [PMID: 25133820 PMCID: PMC4136728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 (EFhd2) is a cytoskeletal Ca2+ sensor protein strongly expressed in the brain. It has been shown to interact with mutant tau, which can promote neurodegeneration, but nothing is known about the physiological function of EFhd2 in the nervous system. To elucidate this question, we analyzed EFhd2−/−/lacZ reporter mice and showed that lacZ was strongly expressed in the cortex, the dentate gyrus, the CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus, the thalamus, and the olfactory bulb. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting confirmed this pattern and revealed expression of EFhd2 during neuronal maturation. In cortical neurons, EFhd2 was detected in neurites marked by MAP2 and co-localized with pre- and post-synaptic markers. Approximately one third of EFhd2 associated with a biochemically isolated synaptosome preparation. There, EFhd2 was mostly confined to the cytosolic and plasma membrane fractions. Both synaptic endocytosis and exocytosis in primary hippocampal EFhd2−/− neurons were unaltered but transport of synaptophysin-GFP containing vesicles was enhanced in EFhd2−/− primary hippocampal neurons, and notably, EFhd2 inhibited kinesin mediated microtubule gliding. Therefore, we found that EFhd2 is a neuronal protein that interferes with kinesin-mediated transport.
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