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Vela-Ojeda J, Olivas-Bejarano AC, Montiel-Cervantes LA, Rosales-Cruz E, Garcia-Gutierrez S, Lezama-Palacios RA, Reyes-Maldonado E. Soluble MIC-A, IPI, and response to treatment strongly predict survival in patients with germinal center diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38742655 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent lymphoma. MIC-A and MIC-B are the natural ligands for NKG2D, a receptor expressed in NK cells. MIC-A soluble isoforms (sMICA) have been described in different malignancies. OBJECTIVES To analyze lymphocyte subsets and sMIC-A in germinal center DLBCL. MATERIALS AND METHODS sMICA, sMICB, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, NK, NKT, γδ T cells, and dendritic cells) were analyzed in 59 patients and 60 healthy donors. RESULTS Patients had decreased numbers of type 1 and type 2 dendritic cells, NK, iNKT, CD4 T, and CD8 T cells, and higher levels of sMIC-A. The 2-year PFS for high IPI scores and high sMIC-A was 24% and 28%, respectively. The 2-year OS for high IPI scores and high sMIC-A was 42% and 33%. The 2-year PFS and OS for patients not achieving response to treatment were 0% and 10%, respectively. The MICPI score (one point each for high IPI score and high sMIC-A) showed that those patients summing two points had worse PSF and OS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DLBCL have decreased numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and high levels of sMIC-A. The addition of sMIC-A to IPI could improve its prognostic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vela-Ojeda
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Cristina Olivas-Bejarano
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Arcelia Montiel-Cervantes
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Hematología, Unidad de Investigación de Medicina Traslacional en Enfermedades Hemato Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Rosales-Cruz
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Socrates Garcia-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Patología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Seris y Zaachila S/N Colonia La Raza, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Angelica Lezama-Palacios
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Olivas-Bejarano AC, Montiel-Cervantes LA, Del Carmen Perez-Retiguin F, Garcia-Gutierrez S, Cruz-Hernandez TR, Lezama-Palacios RA, Reyes-Maldonado E, Vela-Ojeda J. Lymphocyte subsets and soluble forms of MIC-A and MIC-B are prognostic factors in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1317-1325. [PMID: 38091053 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
MIC-A and MIC-B are the natural ligands for NKG2D, an activator receptor expressed in NK cells. Soluble isoforms of MIC-A and MIC-B (sMICA, sMICB) have been identified in different malignancies, affecting NK cells' cytotoxicity. The study was performed to determine the levels of sMICA, sMICB, the expression of MIC-A, and MIC-B on tumor tissues, and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4 + , CD8 + , NK, NKT, Tγδ cells, B cells, monocytes) in 94 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 72 healthy donors.The most frequent lymphoma was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (48%). Patients with NHL had decreased numbers of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, monocytes, NK cells, type 1 dendritic cells, γδ T cells, and increased iNKT cells. Patients showed higher levels of sMIC-A and similar serum levels of sMIC-B.Survival was poorer in patients having higher LDH values and lower numbers of CD4 T cells, type 1 dendritic cells, gamma-delta T cells, and high levels of sMIC-A.In conclusion, high levels of sMIC and decreased numbers in circulating lymphocyte subsets are related to poor outcomes in NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Olivas-Bejarano
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Manuel Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Arcelia Montiel-Cervantes
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Manuel Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flor Del Carmen Perez-Retiguin
- Departamento de Hematología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza Seris y Zaachila S/N Colonia La Raza, Azcapotzalco, 02990, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Socrates Garcia-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Patología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza Seris y Zaachila S/N Colonia La Raza, Azcapotzalco, 02990, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresita Rocio Cruz-Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Clínico, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Angelica Lezama-Palacios
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Manuel Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Manuel Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Vela-Ojeda
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Manuel Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Pan W, Tao T, Qiu Y, Zhu X, Zhou X. Natural killer cells at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy with immune potency, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104231. [PMID: 38070841 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are vital components of the human immune system, acting as innate lymphocytes and playing a crucial role in immune surveillance. Their unique ability to independently eliminate target cells without antigen contact or antibodies has sparked interest in immunological research. This review examines recent NK cell developments and applications, encompassing immune functions, interactions with target cells, genetic engineering techniques, pharmaceutical interventions, and implications in cancers. Insights into NK cell regulation emerge, with a focus on promising genetic engineering like CAR-engineered NK cells, enhancing specificity against tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors also enhance NK cells' potential in cancer therapy. Nanotechnology's emergence as a tool for targeted drug delivery to improve NK cell therapies is explored. In conclusion, NK cells are pivotal in immunity, holding exciting potential in cancer immunotherapy. Ongoing research promises novel therapeutic strategies, advancing immunotherapy and medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Pan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yishu Qiu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Computational Systems Biology Lab (CSBL), The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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4
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Lemasson Q, Akil H, Feuillard J, Vincent-Fabert C. Genetically Engineered Mouse Models Support a Major Role of Immune Checkpoint-Dependent Immunosurveillance Escape in B-Cell Lymphomas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669964. [PMID: 34113345 PMCID: PMC8186831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
These last 20 years, research on immune tumor microenvironment led to identify some critical recurrent mechanisms used in cancer to escape immune response. Through immune checkpoints, which are cell surface molecules involved in the immune system control, it is now established that tumor cells are able to shutdown the immune response. Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of Non Hodgkin B-cell Lymphomas (NHBLs), it is difficult to understand the precise mechanisms of immune escape and to explain the mitigated effect of immune checkpoints blockade for their treatment. Because genetically engineered mouse models are very reliable tools to improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in B-cell transformation and, at the same time, can be useful preclinical models to predict immune response, we reviewed hereafter some of these models that highlight the immune escape mechanisms of NHBLs and open perspectives on future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lemasson
- UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM U1262 CRIBL, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Hussein Akil
- UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM U1262 CRIBL, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jean Feuillard
- UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM U1262 CRIBL, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Christelle Vincent-Fabert
- UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM U1262 CRIBL, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
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5
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Csizmar CM, Ansell SM. Engaging the Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Immune Response in Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3302. [PMID: 33804869 PMCID: PMC8038124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful therapeutic strategy for many malignancies, including lymphoma. As in solid tumors, early clinical trials have revealed that immunotherapy is not equally efficacious across all lymphoma subtypes. For example, immune checkpoint inhibition has a higher overall response rate and leads to more durable outcomes in Hodgkin lymphomas compared to non-Hodgkin lymphomas. These observations, combined with a growing understanding of tumor biology, have implicated the tumor microenvironment as a major determinant of treatment response and prognosis. Interactions between lymphoma cells and their microenvironment facilitate several mechanisms that impair the antitumor immune response, including loss of major histocompatibility complexes, expression of immunosuppressive ligands, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, and the recruitment, expansion, and skewing of suppressive cell populations. Accordingly, treatments to overcome these barriers are being rapidly developed and translated into clinical trials. This review will discuss the mechanisms of immune evasion, current avenues for optimizing the antitumor immune response, clinical successes and failures of lymphoma immunotherapy, and outstanding hurdles that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M. Ansell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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6
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Interleukin-10 counteracts T-helper type 1 responses in B-cell lymphoma and is a target for tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:110-116. [PMID: 33524501 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To establish strategies for immunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma, it is mandatory to gain deeper insights into the mechanisms of tumor immune escape. In a mouse model of endogenously arising lymphoma, we investigated the impact of IL-10 on the regulation of antitumor responses. Despite progressive functional impairment of NK cells and lack of IFN-γ in the tumor milieu, we found an augmented fraction of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, which continued to express IFN-γ but also upregulated IL-10 during disease development. Using a lymphoma microenvironment in vitro, we showed that Th1 cells were converted to Foxp3-negative T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells, which coexpressed IFN-γ and IL-10 and upregulated PD-1. This differentiation required pre-existing IL-10, which was primarily provided by malignant B cells and dendritic cells. IFN-γ only declined in cells with the uppermost PD-1 levels. Importantly, antibody-mediated IL-10 ablation in vivo improved effector cell functions and significantly suppressed tumor development. While the contribution of IL-10 to cancer immune escape has been controversially discussed in the past, we show that IL-10 suppresses ongoing, potentially protective immune responses in lymphoma and might be a target for immunotherapy.
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7
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Ferguson Bennit HR, Gonda A, Kabagwira J, Oppegard L, Chi D, Licero Campbell J, De Leon M, Wall NR. Natural Killer Cell Phenotype and Functionality Affected by Exposure to Extracellular Survivin and Lymphoma-Derived Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1255. [PMID: 33513976 PMCID: PMC7865330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherent abilities of natural killer (NK) cells to recognize and kill target cells place them among the first cells with the ability to recognize and destroy infected or transformed cells. Cancer cells, however, have mechanisms by which they can inhibit the surveillance and cytotoxic abilities of NK cells with one believed mechanism for this: their ability to release exosomes. Exosomes are vesicles that are found in abundance in the tumor microenvironment that can modulate intercellular communication and thus enhance tumor malignancy. Recently, our lab has found cancer cell exosomes to contain the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein survivin to be associated with decreased immune response in lymphocytes and cellular death. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of survivin and lymphoma-derived survivin-containing exosomes on the immune functions of NK cells. NK cells were obtained from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and treated with pure survivin protein or exosomes from two lymphoma cell lines, DLCL2 and FSCCL. RNA was isolated from NK cell samples for measurement by PCR, and intracellular flow cytometry was used to determine protein expression. Degranulation capacity, cytotoxicity, and natural killer group 2D receptor (NKG2D) levels were also assessed. Lymphoma exosomes were examined for size and protein content. This study established that these lymphoma exosomes contained survivin and FasL but were negative for MHC class I-related chains (MIC)/B (MICA/B) and TGF-β. Treatment with exosomes did not significantly alter NK cell functionality, but extracellular survivin was seen to decrease natural killer group 2D receptor (NKG2D) levels and the intracellular protein levels of perforin, granzyme B, TNF-α, and IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R. Ferguson Bennit
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.R.F.B.); (A.G.); (J.K.); (L.O.); (D.C.)
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 160, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (J.L.C.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Amber Gonda
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.R.F.B.); (A.G.); (J.K.); (L.O.); (D.C.)
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 160, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (J.L.C.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Janviere Kabagwira
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.R.F.B.); (A.G.); (J.K.); (L.O.); (D.C.)
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 160, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (J.L.C.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Laura Oppegard
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.R.F.B.); (A.G.); (J.K.); (L.O.); (D.C.)
| | - David Chi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.R.F.B.); (A.G.); (J.K.); (L.O.); (D.C.)
| | - Jenniffer Licero Campbell
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 160, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (J.L.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Marino De Leon
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 160, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (J.L.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Nathan R. Wall
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.R.F.B.); (A.G.); (J.K.); (L.O.); (D.C.)
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 160, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (J.L.C.); (M.D.L.)
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8
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Ahmetlic F, Fauser J, Riedel T, Bauer V, Flessner C, Hömberg N, Hennel R, Brenner E, Lauber K, Röcken M, Mocikat R. Therapy of lymphoma by immune checkpoint inhibitors: the role of T cells, NK cells and cytokine-induced tumor senescence. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001660. [PMID: 33441389 PMCID: PMC7812096 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although antibodies blocking immune checkpoints have already been approved for clinical cancer treatment, the mechanisms involved are not yet completely elucidated. Here we used a λ-MYC transgenic model of endogenously growing B-cell lymphoma to analyze the requirements for effective therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Methods Growth of spontaneous lymphoma was monitored in mice that received antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4, and the role of different immune cell compartments and cytokines was studied by in vivo depletion experiments. Activation of T and natural killer cells and the induction of tumor senescence were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results On immune checkpoint blockade, visible lymphomas developed at later time points than in untreated controls, indicating an enhanced tumor control. Importantly, 20% to 30% of mice were even long-term protected and did never develop clinical signs of tumor growth. The therapeutic effect was dependent on cytokine-induced senescence in malignant B cells. The proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were necessary for the survival benefit as well as for senescence induction in the λ-MYC model. Antibody therapy improved T-cell functions such as cytokine production, and long-time survivors were only observed in the presence of T cells. Yet, NK cells also had a pronounced effect on therapy-induced delay of tumor growth. Antibody treatment enhanced numbers, proliferation and IFN-γ expression of NK cells in developing tumors. The therapeutic effect was fully abrogated only after depletion of both, T cells and NK cells, or after ablation of either IFN-γ or TNF. Conclusions Tumor cell senescence may explain why patients responding to immune checkpoint blockade frequently show stable growth arrest of tumors rather than complete tumor regression. In the lymphoma model studied, successful therapy required both, tumor-directed T-cell responses and NK cells, which control, at least partly, tumor development through cytokine-induced tumor senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ahmetlic
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Josia Fauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Tanja Riedel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Vera Bauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Carolin Flessner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Nadine Hömberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Roman Hennel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Ellen Brenner
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tübingen, Medizinische Fakultät, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tübingen, Medizinische Fakultät, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Mocikat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany .,Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
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9
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The role of dendritic cells for therapy of B-cell lymphoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:1343-1350. [PMID: 33141285 PMCID: PMC8053142 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) is a promising new tool of cancer treatment. Yet, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we investigated the role of dendritic cells (DCs) for the therapeutic effect of ICB in a λ-MYC-transgenic mouse model of endogenously arising B-cell lymphoma. The growth of these tumors can be effectively delayed by antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1. Tumor-infiltrating DCs from mice having received therapy showed an upregulation of costimulatory molecules as well as an augmented IL-12/IL-10 ratio as compared to untreated controls. Both alterations seemed to be induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which is upregulated in T cells and natural killer cells upon ICB. Furthermore, the enhanced IL-12/IL-10 ratio, which favors Th1-prone antitumor T-cell responses, was a consequence of direct interaction of ICB antibodies with DCs. Importantly, the capability of tumor-infiltrating DCs of stimulating peptide-specific or allogeneic T-cell responses in vitro was improved when DCs were derived from ICB-treated mice. The data indicate that ICB therapy is not only effective by directly activating T cells, but also by triggering a complex network, in which DCs play a pivotal role at the interface between innate and adaptive antitumor responses.
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Swaminathan S, Hansen AS, Heftdal LD, Dhanasekaran R, Deutzmann A, Fernandez WDM, Liefwalker DF, Horton C, Mosley A, Liebersbach M, Maecker HT, Felsher DW. MYC functions as a switch for natural killer cell-mediated immune surveillance of lymphoid malignancies. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2860. [PMID: 32503978 PMCID: PMC7275060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC oncogene drives T- and B- lymphoid malignancies, including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Here, we demonstrate a systemic reduction in natural killer (NK) cell numbers in SRα-tTA/Tet-O-MYCON mice bearing MYC-driven T-lymphomas. Residual mNK cells in spleens of MYCON T-lymphoma-bearing mice exhibit perturbations in the terminal NK effector differentiation pathway. Lymphoma-intrinsic MYC arrests NK maturation by transcriptionally repressing STAT1/2 and secretion of Type I Interferons (IFNs). Treating T-lymphoma-bearing mice with Type I IFN improves survival by rescuing NK cell maturation. Adoptive transfer of mature NK cells is sufficient to delay both T-lymphoma growth and recurrence post MYC inactivation. In MYC-driven BL patients, low expression of both STAT1 and STAT2 correlates significantly with the absence of activated NK cells and predicts unfavorable clinical outcomes. Our studies thus provide a rationale for developing NK cell-based therapies to effectively treat MYC-driven lymphomas in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/mortality
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunologic Surveillance/genetics
- Interferon Type I/pharmacology
- Interferon Type I/therapeutic use
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Primary Cell Culture
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT2 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Swaminathan
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Aida S Hansen
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Line D Heftdal
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renumathy Dhanasekaran
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anja Deutzmann
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wadie D M Fernandez
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel F Liefwalker
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Crista Horton
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adriane Mosley
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mariola Liebersbach
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center (HIMC), Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Bröker K, Sinelnikov E, Gustavus D, Schumacher U, Pörtner R, Hoffmeister H, Lüth S, Dammermann W. Mass Production of Highly Active NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy in a GMP Conform Perfusion Bioreactor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:194. [PMID: 31457007 PMCID: PMC6700243 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells have emerged as promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy, especially due to their ability to fight circulating tumor cells thereby preventing metastases formation. Hence several studies have been performed to generate and expand highly cytotoxic NK cells ex vivo, e.g., by using specific cytokines to upregulate both their proliferation and surface expression of distinct activating receptors. Apart from an enhanced activity, application of NK cells as immunotherapeutic agent further requires sufficient cell numbers and a high purity. All these parameters depend on a variety of different factors including the starting material, additives like cytokines as well as the culture system. Here we analyzed PBMC-derived NK cells of five anonymized healthy donors expanded under specific conditions in an innovative perfusion bioreactor system with respect to their phenotype, IFNγ production, and cytotoxicity in vitro. Important features of the meander type bioreactors used here are a directed laminar flow of medium and control of relevant process parameters. Cells are cultivated under "steady state" conditions in perfusion mode. Our data demonstrate that expansion of CD3+ T cell depleted PBMCs in our standardized system generates massive amounts of highly pure (>85%) and potent anti-cancer active NK cells. These cells express a variety of important receptors driving NK cell recruitment, adhesion as well as activation. More specifically, they express the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4, and CCR7, the adhesion molecules L-selectin, LFA-1, and VLA-4, the activating receptors NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, NKG2D, DNAM1, and CD16 as well as the death ligands TRAIL and Fas-L. Moreover, the generated NK cells show a strong IFNγ expression upon cultivation with K562 tumor cells and demonstrate a high cytotoxicity toward leukemic as well as solid tumor cell lines in vitro. Altogether, these characteristics promise a high clinical potency of thus produced NK cells awaiting further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bröker
- Center of Internal Medicine II, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Udo Schumacher
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Pörtner
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Lüth
- Center of Internal Medicine II, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, The University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Werner Dammermann
- Center of Internal Medicine II, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, The University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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12
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Ahmetlić F, Riedel T, Hömberg N, Bauer V, Trautwein N, Geishauser A, Sparwasser T, Stevanović S, Röcken M, Mocikat R. Regulatory T Cells in an Endogenous Mouse Lymphoma Recognize Specific Antigen Peptides and Contribute to Immune Escape. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:600-608. [PMID: 30894379 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) sustain immune homeostasis and may contribute to immune escape in malignant disease. As a prerequisite for developing immunologic approaches in cancer therapy, it is necessary to understand the ontogeny and the antigenic specificities of tumor-infiltrating Tregs. We addressed this question by using a λ-MYC transgenic mouse model of endogenously arising B-cell lymphoma, which mirrors key features of human Burkitt lymphoma. We show that Foxp3+ Tregs suppress antitumor responses in endogenous lymphoma. Ablation of Foxp3+ Tregs significantly delayed tumor development. The ratio of Treg to effector T cells was elevated in growing tumors, which could be ascribed to differential proliferation. The Tregs detected were mainly natural Tregs that apparently recognized self-antigens. We identified MHC class II-restricted nonmutated self-epitopes, which were more prevalent in lymphoma than in normal B cells and could be recognized by Tregs. These epitopes were derived from proteins that are associated with cellular processes related to malignancy and may be overexpressed in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ahmetlić
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Tanja Riedel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Nadine Hömberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Vera Bauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Nico Trautwein
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Interfakultäres Institut für Zellbiologie, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Albert Geishauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institut für Infektionsimmunologie, Twincore, Zentrum für Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung, Hannover, and Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Interfakultäres Institut für Zellbiologie, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Universitäts-Hautklinik, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Mocikat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany. .,Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
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13
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Zhang J, Han X, Hu X, Jin F, Gao Z, Yin L, Qin J, Yin F, Li C, Wang Y. IDO1 impairs NK cell cytotoxicity by decreasing NKG2D/NKG2DLs via promoting miR-18a. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:144-155. [PMID: 30268986 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an important enzyme for altering the tumour microenvironment and assisting tumour cells to escape the immune system. RESULTS In this study, a significant reduction in NK cell cytotoxicity that was associated with a high expression of IDO1 in a reconstructed tumour microenvironment was observed. In a co-culture system of tumour cell culture supernatant (TSN) and murine NK cell, IDO1 was substantially increased, while NKG2D was markedly downregulated in NK cells. Based on computational predictions, miR-18a, which has two definite binding sites consisting of the 3'UTR of NKG2D and the 3'UTR of NKG2D ligand (Mult-1), was suspected to be a negative regulator of which its conjoined. As expected, the IDO1 could promote the expression of miR-18a and promote the downregulation effect of miR-18a on NKG2D and NKG2DL, and INCB024360 (INCB) could reverse the result. For digging the mechanism deeper, we authenticated IDO1 promoted the combination of miR-18a and AGO2 after argonaute 2 (AGO2) co-immunoprecipitation, which then degraded Mult-1 mRNA and inhibited the translation of it, further destructing NK cell cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a new regulatory axis, IDO1/miR-18a/NKG2D/NKG2DL, in the regulation of NK cell function. This may provide insight into the mechanism of the priming effect of IDO1 inhibitors and miR-18a interference, then elicit possible new methods of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengjiao Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihe Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyong Yin
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Junfang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuzai Yin
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Long Y, Gao Z, Hu X, Xiang F, Wu Z, Zhang J, Han X, Yin L, Qin J, Lan L, Yin F, Wang Y. Downregulation of MCT4 for lactate exchange promotes the cytotoxicity of NK cells in breast carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4690-4700. [PMID: 30051648 PMCID: PMC6143925 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter‐4 (MCT4), a monocarboxylic acid transporter, demonstrates significantly increased expression in the majority of malignancies. We performed an experiment using BALB/C mice, and our results showed that ShMCT4 transfection or the pharmaceutic inhibition of MCT4 with 7acc1 strengthens the activity of NK cells. The results of a calcein assay revealed that the cytotoxicity of NK cells was strengthened via inhibition of MCT4. In addition, ELISA testing showed that the content of perforin and CD107a was increased, and PCR amplification and immunoblotting revealed that the expression of NKG2D and H60 was upregulated after the inhibition of MCT4. Further, we observed an elevated pH value, decreased extracellular lactate flow, and attenuated tumor growth. Therefore, we concluded that the inhibition of MCT4 enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK cells by blocking lactate flux and reversing the acidified tumor microenvironment. In addition to these findings, we also discovered that MCT4 depletion may have a pronounced impact on autophagy, which was surmised by observing that the inhibition of autophagy (3MA) pulled the enhanced cytotoxicity of NK cells downwards. Together, these data suggest that the key effect of MCT4 depletion on NK cells probably utilizes inductive autophagy as a compensatory metabolic mechanism to minimize the acidic extracellular microenvironment associated with lactate export in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Long
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihe Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaozhen Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyong Yin
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Junfang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuzai Yin
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Mathew SO, Chaudhary P, Powers SB, Vishwanatha JK, Mathew PA. Overexpression of LLT1 (OCIL, CLEC2D) on prostate cancer cells inhibits NK cell-mediated killing through LLT1-NKRP1A (CD161) interaction. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68650-68661. [PMID: 27626681 PMCID: PMC5356580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in American men. Natural Killer (NK) cells are the first line of defense against cancer and infections. NK cell function is regulated by a delicate balance between signals received through activating and inhibitory receptors. Previously, we identified Lectin-like transcript-1 (LLT1/OCIL/CLEC2D) as a counter-receptor for the NK cell inhibitory receptor NKRP1A (CD161). Interaction of LLT1 expressed on target cells with NKRP1A inhibits NK cell activation. In this study, we have found that LLT1 was overexpressed on prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, LNCaP, 22Rv1 and PC3) and in primary prostate cancer tissues both at the mRNA and protein level. We further showed that LLT1 is retained intracellularly in normal prostate cells with minimal cell surface expression. Blocking LLT1 interaction with NKRP1A by anti-LLT1 mAb on prostate cancer cells increased the NK-mediated cytotoxicity of prostate cancer cells. The results indicate that prostate cancer cells may evade immune attack by NK cells by expressing LLT1 to inhibit NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity through LLT1-NKRP1A interaction. Blocking LLT1-NKRP1A interaction will make prostate cancer cells susceptible to killing by NK cells and therefore may be a new therapeutic option for treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Mathew
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sheila B Powers
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Porunelloor A Mathew
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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16
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Brummelman J, Pilipow K, Lugli E. The Single-Cell Phenotypic Identity of Human CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:63-124. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Lam PY, Nissen MD, Mattarollo SR. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Immune Regulation of Blood Cancers: Harnessing Their Potential in Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1355. [PMID: 29109728 PMCID: PMC5660073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique innate T lymphocyte population that possess cytolytic properties and profound immunoregulatory activities. iNKT cells play an important role in the immune surveillance of blood cancers. They predominantly recognize glycolipid antigens presented on CD1d, but their activation and cytolytic activities are not confined to CD1d expressing cells. iNKT cell stimulation and subsequent production of immunomodulatory cytokines serve to enhance the overall antitumor immune response. Crucially, the activation of iNKT cells in cancer often precedes the activation and priming of other immune effector cells, such as NK cells and T cells, thereby influencing the generation and outcome of the antitumor immune response. Blood cancers can evade or dampen iNKT cell responses by downregulating expression of recognition receptors or by actively suppressing or diverting iNKT cell functions. This review will discuss literature on iNKT cell activity and associated dysregulation in blood cancers as well as highlight some of the strategies designed to harness and enhance iNKT cell functions against blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yeng Lam
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael D. Nissen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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18
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Morvan MG, Champsaur M, Reizis B, Lanier LL. Chronic In Vivo Interaction of Dendritic Cells Expressing the Ligand Rae-1ε with NK Cells Impacts NKG2D Expression and Function. Immunohorizons 2017; 1:10-19. [PMID: 28815225 PMCID: PMC5555644 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate how dendritic cells (DCs) interact with NK cells in vivo, we developed a novel mouse model in which Rae-1ε, a ligand of the NKG2D receptor, is expressed in cells with high levels of CD11c. In these CD11c-Rae1 mice, expression of Rae-1 was confirmed on all subsets of DCs and a small subset of B and T cells, but not on NK cells. DC numbers and activation status were unchanged, and NK cells in these CD11c-Rae1 mice presented the same Ly49 repertoire and maturation levels as their littermate wildtype controls. Early NK cell activation after mouse CMV infection was slightly lower than in wildtype mice, but NK cell expansion and viral control were comparable. Notably, we demonstrate that chronic interaction of NK cells with NKG2D ligand-expressing DCs leads to a reversible NKG2D down-modulation, as well as impaired NKG2D-dependent NK cell functions, including tumor rejection. In addition to generating a useful mouse model, our studies reveal in vivo the functional importance of the NK cell and DC cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maelig G. Morvan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Marine Champsaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Lewis L. Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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19
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Pötzl J, Roser D, Bankel L, Hömberg N, Geishauser A, Brenner CD, Weigand M, Röcken M, Mocikat R. Reversal of tumor acidosis by systemic buffering reactivates NK cells to express IFN-γ and induces NK cell-dependent lymphoma control without other immunotherapies. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2125-2133. [PMID: 28195314 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Like other immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells show impaired effector functions in the microenvironment of tumors, but little is known on the underlying mechanisms. Since lactate acidosis, a hallmark of malignant tissue, was shown to contribute to suppression of effective antitumor immune responses, we investigated the impact of tissue pH and lactate concentration on NK-cell functions in an aggressive model of endogenously arising B-cell lymphoma. The progressive loss of IFN-γ production by NK cells observed during development of this disease could be ascribed to decreased pH values and lactate accumulation in the microenvironment of growing tumors. Interestingly, IFN-γ expression by lymphoma-derived NK cells could be restored by transfer of these cells into a normal micromilieu. Likewise, systemic alkalization by oral delivery of bicarbonate to lymphoma-developing mice was capable of enhancing IFN-γ expression in NK cells and increasing the NK-cell numbers in the lymphoid organs where tumors were growing. By contrast, NK-cell cytotoxicity was dampened in vivo by tumor-dependent mechanisms that seemed to be different from lactate acidosis and could not be restored in a normal milieu. Most importantly, alkalization and the concomitant IFN-γ upregulation in NK cells were sufficient to significantly delay tumor growth without any other immunotherapy. This effect was strictly dependent on NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Pötzl
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - David Roser
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Lorenz Bankel
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Nadine Hömberg
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Albert Geishauser
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | | | - Michael Weigand
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Universitäts-Hautklinik, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Mocikat
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
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20
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Nocturne G, Boudaoud S, Ly B, Pascaud J, Paoletti A, Mariette X. Impact of anti-TNF therapy on NK cells function and on immunosurveillance against B-cell lymphomas. J Autoimmun 2017; 80:56-64. [PMID: 28214146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of lymphoma linked to activity of the disease. Immunosuppressive drugs have been suspected to induce an additional risk. Since, NK cells have been recently shown to participate to anti-lymphoma immunosurveillance, we aimed to assess if anti-TNF might impact their anti-lymphoma activity. METHODS NK cells have been assessed ex vivo in patients with RA treated with methotrexate (MTX) with or without anti-TNF. Phenotype has been studied by flow cytometry and function has been assessed after NKp30-cross linking. NK have been cultured 6 days in presence of anti-TNF, TNF-R inhibitors or controls and phenotype has been studied. Then cytotoxicity against 2 B non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines [Farage (EBV+) and SU-DHL4 (EBV-)] was assessed. RESULTS Exposure to anti-TNF was associated with a decreased activation of NK cells. NK cells exhibited an impaired function in patients treated with anti-TNF compared to patients treated with MTX alone as assessed by the percentage of degranulation (20.9% [18.5-32.9] vs 31.3% [21.5-49.1], p = 0.04) and a decreased IFN-γ secretion ((17.4% [8.9-25.9] vs to 29.7% [22.5-43.1], p = 0.007). In vitro, exposure to anti-TNF impaired NK cells function and impacted negatively anti-lymphoma activity. These effects may be the consequence of inhibition of TNFR1 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Thus, even if meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and of registries have not demonstrated to date an increased risk of lymphoma with anti-TNF, cautious must be pursued concerning this possible side effect in patients with long-term anti-TNF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetane Nocturne
- INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Department of Rheumatology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Saida Boudaoud
- INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Bineta Ly
- INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Juliette Pascaud
- INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Audrey Paoletti
- INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Department of Rheumatology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Sinha C, Cunningham LC. An overview of the potential strategies for NK cell-based immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:2078-2085. [PMID: 27535002 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have relatively low survival rates compared to patients with other pediatric cancers. Relapse is frequent with conventional treatment and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural killer (NK) cells offer an alternative approach to chemotherapy that combats relapse by substantially eradicating AML blasts. New methods for enhancing NK cell activation and expression of the activating ligand on target malignant cells will increase the likelihood of success with this approach. We review these latest discoveries in NK cell-based therapy for AML and delineate recent advances in sensitizing AML cells to NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrima Sinha
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lea C Cunningham
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
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Cubillos-Zapata C, Cordoba R, Avendaño-Ortiz J, Arribas-Jiménez C, Hernández-Jiménez E, Toledano V, Villaescusa T, Moreno V, López-Collazo E. CC-122 immunomodulatory effects in refractory patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1231290. [PMID: 28255524 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1231290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the three patients included in a phase I clinical trial (NCT01421524), we report the immunomodulatory effects and efficacy of CC-122, a novel pleiotropic pathway modifier compound originally developed for broad diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The chemical structure of CC-122 includes the glutarimide moiety that is known to modulate the immune response. The immunomodulatory agents including lenalidomide represent a promising therapeutic strategy targeting tumors in B-cell lymphoid malignancies. We observed that CC-122 might regulate the NK phenotype and its activity due to the reduced accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cell and eventually decrease the Tregs subsets. Finally, the activation of T cells through co-stimulatory molecule (CD28) was detected as a delayed CC-122 effect. In this context, CC-122 arises as an alternative option for DLBCL patients refractory to the traditional chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network, CIBEres, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Cordoba
- Lymphoma Unit, Oncohealth Institute, Foundation Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute IIS-FJS, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; START Madrid FJD, Phase 1 Clinical Trials Unit, Foundation Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Avendaño-Ortiz
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Arribas-Jiménez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Hernández-Jiménez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network, CIBEres, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Toledano
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network, CIBEres, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Villaescusa
- Lymphoma Unit, Oncohealth Institute, Foundation Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute IIS-FJS, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; START Madrid FJD, Phase 1 Clinical Trials Unit, Foundation Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Moreno
- Lymphoma Unit, Oncohealth Institute, Foundation Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute IIS-FJS, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; START Madrid FJD, Phase 1 Clinical Trials Unit, Foundation Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network, CIBEres, Madrid, Spain
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CBP/p300 acetyltransferases regulate the expression of NKG2D ligands on tumor cells. Oncogene 2016; 36:933-941. [PMID: 27477692 PMCID: PMC5318661 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor surveillance of natural killer (NK) cells is mediated by the cytotoxicity receptor natural-killer group 2 member D (NKG2D). Ligands for NKG2D are generally not expressed on healthy cells, but induced on the surface of malignant cells. To date, NKG2D ligand (NKG2D-L) induction was mainly described to depend on the activation of the DNA damage response, although the molecular mechanisms that regulate NKG2D-L expression remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the acetyltransferases CBP (CREB-binding protein) and p300 play a crucial role in the regulation of NKG2D-L on tumor cells. Loss of CBP/p300 decreased the basal cell surface expression of human ligands and reduced the upregulation of MICA/B and ULBP2 in response to histone deacetylase inhibitors or DNA damage. Furthermore, CBP/P300 deficiency abrogated the sensitivity of stressed cells to NK cell-mediated killing. CBP/p300 were also identified as major regulators of mouse NKG2D ligand RAE-1 in vitro and in vivo using the Eμ-Myc lymphoma model. Mechanistically, we observed an enhanced activation of the CBP/p300 binding transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) correlating to the NKG2D-L upregulation. Moreover, increased binding of CREB and CBP/p300 to NKG2D-L promoters and elevated histone acetylation were detectable. This study provides strong evidence for a major role of CBP and p300 in orchestrating NKG2D-L induction and consequently immunosurveillance of tumors in mice and humans. These findings might help to develop novel immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer.
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Abstract
Unprecedented clinical success has recently been achieved in cancer immunotherapy using cytotoxic T cells armed with activating tumor-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs). Natural killer (NK) cells, potent cytotoxic effectors, also hold potential to be effectively harnessed for immunotherapy. The anti-tumor efficacy of NK cell therapies has been limited by a lack of antigen specificity and the poor persistence of NK cells in vivo. To address these limitations, Vallera and colleagues developed novel Trispecific Killer cell Engagers (TriKEs), reported in the Feb. 2016 issue of Clinical Cancer Research. 1 The novel TriKE immunomodulator evolved from the Bispecific Killer cell Engager (BiKE), a precursor developed by the same team. BiKEs comprise 2 antibody fragments, a first recognizing a tumor antigen and a second directed against CD16 on NK cells, which together trigger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. IL-15 was further integrated to create TriKEs in order to drive NK cell expansion. Compared to BiKEs, TriKEs elicit far superior NK cytotoxicity and NK cell persistence in a xenograft tumor model in vivo, and are proposed to be effective adjuncts to existing NK transfer protocols. Importantly, TriKEs provide a versatile and cost-effective platform onto which novel targeting ligands can be incorporated and hold the potential to stimulate endogenous NK cells in order to circumvent the need for cell transfers altogether, heralding a new generation of immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szun Szun Tay
- a EMBL Australia node in Single Molecule Science , School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Hernan Carol
- a EMBL Australia node in Single Molecule Science , School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- a EMBL Australia node in Single Molecule Science , School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.,b Sydney Medical School , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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Emerging therapies provide new opportunities to reshape the multifaceted interactions between the immune system and lymphoma cells. Leukemia 2016; 30:1805-15. [PMID: 27389058 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of a complete neoplastic phenotype requires cancer cells to develop escape mechanisms from the host immune system. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as 'immune evasion,' represents a hallmark of cancers and results from a Darwinian selection of the fittest tumor clones. First reported in solid tumors, cancer immunoescape characterizes several hematological malignancies. The biological bases of cancer immunoescape have recently been disclosed and include: (i) impaired human leukocyte antigen-mediated cancer cell recognition (B2M, CD58, CTIIA, CD80/CD86, CD28 and CTLA-4 mutations); (ii) deranged apoptotic mechanisms (reduced pro-apoptotic signals and/or increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules); and (iii) changes in the tumor microenvironment involving regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages. These immune-escape mechanisms characterize both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin (B and T cell) lymphomas and represent a promising target for new anti-tumor therapies. In the present review, the principles of cancer immunoescape and their role in human lymphomagenesis are illustrated. Current therapies targeting these pathways and possible applications for lymphoma treatment are also addressed.
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