1
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Huang L, Zhao T, Zhao W, Shao A, Zhao H, Ma W, Gong Y, Zeng X, Weng C, Bu L, Di Z, Sun S, Dai Q, Sun M, Wang L, Liu Z, Shi L, Hu J, Fang S, Zhang C, Zhang J, Wang G, Loré K, Yang Y, Lin A. Herpes zoster mRNA vaccine induces superior vaccine immunity over licensed vaccine in mice and rhesus macaques. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2309985. [PMID: 38258878 PMCID: PMC10860463 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2309985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Herpes zoster remains an important global health issue and mainly occurs in aged and immunocompromised individuals with an early exposure history to Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Although the licensed vaccine Shingrix has remarkably high efficacy, undesired reactogenicity and increasing global demand causing vaccine shortage urged the development of improved or novel VZV vaccines. In this study, we developed a novel VZV mRNA vaccine candidate (named as ZOSAL) containing sequence-optimized mRNAs encoding full-length glycoprotein E encapsulated in an ionizable lipid nanoparticle. In mice and rhesus macaques, ZOSAL demonstrated superior immunogenicity and safety in multiple aspects over Shingrix, especially in the induction of strong T-cell immunity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both ZOSAL and Shingrix could robustly activate innate immune compartments, especially Type-I IFN signalling and antigen processing/presentation. Multivariate correlation analysis further identified several early factors of innate compartments that can predict the magnitude of T-cell responses, which further increased our understanding of the mode of action of two different VZV vaccine modalities. Collectively, our data demonstrated the superiority of VZV mRNA vaccine over licensed subunit vaccine. The mRNA platform therefore holds prospects for further investigations in next-generation VZV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Huang
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongyi Zhao
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijun Zhao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andong Shao
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Ma
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingfei Gong
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhuan Zeng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changzhen Weng
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Bu
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Di
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinsheng Dai
- Targeted Discovery Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minhui Sun
- Targeted Discovery Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limei Wang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leilei Shi
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiesen Hu
- Firestone Biotechnologies, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shentong Fang
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Karin Loré
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yong Yang
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ang Lin
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Reinig S, Shih SR. Non-neutralizing functions in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Biomed J 2024; 47:100666. [PMID: 37778697 PMCID: PMC10825350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most individuals infected with or vaccinated against COVID-19 develop antigenic neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Although neutralizing antibodies are biomarkers of the adaptive immune response, their mere presence is insufficient to explain the protection afforded against the disease or its pathology. IgG exhibits other secondary effector functions that activate innate immune components, including complement, natural killer cells, and macrophages. The affinity for effector cells depends on the isotypes and glycosylation of IgG antibodies. The anti-spike IgG titer should be sufficient to provide significant Fc-mediated effects in severe COVID-19, mRNA, and protein subunit vaccinations. In combination with aberrant effector cells, pro-inflammatory afucosylated IgG1 and IgG3 may be detrimental in severe COVID-19. The antibody response of mRNA vaccines leads to higher fucosylation and a less inflammatory IgG profile, with a long-term shift to IgG4, which is correlated with protection from disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reinig
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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3
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Nimmerjahn F, Vidarsson G, Cragg MS. Effect of posttranslational modifications and subclass on IgG activity: from immunity to immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1244-1255. [PMID: 37414906 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses are characterized by complex mixtures of polyclonal antibody species varying in their isotype, target epitope specificity and affinity. Posttranslational modifications occurring during antibody production in both the antibody variable and constant domain create further complexity and can modulate antigen specificity and antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, respectively. Finally, modifications of the antibody backbone after secretion may further impact antibody activity. An in-depth understanding of how these posttranslational modifications impact antibody function, especially in the context of individual antibody isotypes and subclasses, is only starting to emerge. Indeed, only a minute proportion of this natural variability in the humoral immune response is currently reflected in therapeutic antibody preparations. In this Review, we summarize recent insights into how IgG subclass and posttranslational modifications impact IgG activity and discuss how these insights may be used to optimize therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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4
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Rais M, Abdelaal H, Reese VA, Ferede D, Larsen SE, Pecor T, Erasmus JH, Archer J, Khandhar AP, Cooper SK, Podell BK, Reed SG, Coler RN, Baldwin SL. Immunogenicity and protection against Mycobacterium avium with a heterologous RNA prime and protein boost vaccine regimen. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102302. [PMID: 36586154 PMCID: PMC10361416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic efficacy of two different delivery platforms for vaccination against Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) were tested in this study; a subunit and an RNA-based vaccine. The vaccine antigen, ID91, includes four mycobacterial antigens: Rv3619, Rv2389, Rv3478, and Rv1886. We have shown that ID91+GLA-SE is effective against a clinical NTM isolate, M. avium 2-151 smt. Here, we extend these results and show that a heterologous prime/boost strategy with a repRNA-ID91 (replicon RNA) followed by protein ID91+GLA-SE boost is superior to the subunit protein vaccine given as a homologous prime/boost regimen. The repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE heterologous regimen elicited a higher polyfunctional CD4+ TH1 immune response when compared to the homologous protein prime/boost regimen. More significantly, among all the vaccine regimens tested only repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE induced IFN-γ and TNF-secreting CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE vaccine strategy elicited high systemic proinflammatory cytokine responses and induced strong ID91 and an Ag85B-specific humoral antibody response a pre- and post-challenge with M. avium 2-151 smt. Finally, while all prophylactic prime/boost vaccine regimens elicited a degree of protection in beige mice, the heterologous repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE vaccine regimen provided greater pulmonary protection than the homologous protein prime/boost regimen. These data indicate that a prophylactic heterologous repRNA-ID91/ID91+GLA-SE vaccine regimen augments immunogenicity and confers protection against M. avium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Rais
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Hazem Abdelaal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Valerie A Reese
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Debora Ferede
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Sasha E Larsen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Tiffany Pecor
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarah K Cooper
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Brendan K Podell
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | | | - Rhea N Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Susan L Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA.
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5
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Bartsch YC, Cizmeci D, Kang J, Zohar T, Periasamy S, Mehta N, Tolboom J, Van der Fits L, Sadoff J, Comeaux C, Callendret B, Bukreyev A, Lauffenburger DA, Bastian AR, Alter G. Antibody effector functions are associated with protection from respiratory syncytial virus. Cell 2022; 185:4873-4886.e10. [PMID: 36513064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection and death in young infants and the elderly. With no effective prophylactic treatment available, current vaccine candidates aim to elicit neutralizing antibodies. However, binding and neutralization have poorly predicted protection in the past, and accumulating data across epidemiologic cohorts and animal models collectively point to a role for additional antibody Fc-effector functions. To begin to define the humoral correlates of immunity against RSV, here we profiled an adenovirus 26 RSV-preF vaccine-induced humoral immune response in a group of healthy adults that were ultimately challenged with RSV. Protection from infection was linked to opsonophagocytic functions, driven by IgA and differentially glycosylated RSV-specific IgG profiles, marking a functional humoral immune signature of protection against RSV. Furthermore, Fc-modified monoclonal antibodies able to selectively recruit effector functions demonstrated significant antiviral control in a murine model of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic C Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Tolboom
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jerry Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christy Comeaux
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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6
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Werner A, Nimmerjahn F. Response to Oswald et al.: ST6Gal1 in plasma is dispensable for IgG sialylation. Glycobiology 2022; 32:917-918. [PMID: 36036830 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence or absence of terminal sialic acid residues in the sugar moiety attached to the Fc-domain of IgG molecules modulates IgG activity and is associated with autoimmune or infection related inflammation. In a recent paper Oswald and colleagues suggest that IgG sialylation may occur post IgG secretion from plasma cells, which would be a major issue for therapeutic antibodies injected into patients. In contrast, we argue that previous work rather demonstrates that IgG sialylation occurs within B cells and that the experimental system used by the authors is not suitable to address this critical question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Werner
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Determination of IgG1 and IgG3 SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Nucleocapsid Binding-Who Is Binding Who and Why? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116050. [PMID: 35682724 PMCID: PMC9181569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of immunoglobulin (Ig) G3 in the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19. The exact molecular mechanism is unknown, but it is thought to involve this IgG subtype’s differential ability to fix, complement and stimulate cytokine release. We examined the binding of convalescent patient antibodies to immobilized nucleocapsids and spike proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. IgG3 was a major immunoglobulin found in all samples. Differential analysis of the spectral signatures found for the nucleocapsid versus the spike protein demonstrated that the predominant humoral immune response to the nucleocapsid was IgG3, whilst for the spike protein it was IgG1. However, the spike protein displayed a strong affinity for IgG3 itself, as it would bind from control plasma samples, as well as from those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, similar to the way protein G binds IgG1. Furthermore, detailed spectral analysis indicated that a mass shift consistent with hyper-glycosylation or glycation was a characteristic of the IgG3 captured by the spike protein.
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8
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Qu D, Hu H, Lian S, Sun W, Si H. The Protective Effects of Three Polysaccharides From Abrus cantoniensis Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Oxidative Damage. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:870042. [PMID: 35585861 PMCID: PMC9108546 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.870042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to systematically elucidate the immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of three polysaccharide fractions (ACP60, ACP80, and ACPt2) from Abrus cantoniensis on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive mice. The experimental mice were divided into 12 groups, then modeled and administrated with different doses of three polysaccharides (50, 150, 300 mg/kg/day) by gavage. The results showed that ACP could markedly recover the CTX-induced decline in immune organ and hemocytes indexes and promote proliferation of splenocytes, earlap swelling rate, secretion of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6), and immunoglobulin (Ig-M and Ig-G). Additionally, ACP improved the enzymatic activities of T-SOD and GSH-PX greatly, while the level of MDA was significantly decreased in the liver. In particular, ACPt2 had higher immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities than ACP60 and ACP80. Based on the present findings, ACP could be utilized as an efficacious candidate for immunomodulators and antioxidants, which provide a new application prospect in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshuai Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuaitao Lian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
- Wenjing Sun
| | - Hongbin Si
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbin Si
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9
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Di Pietro A, Polmear J, Cooper L, Damelang T, Hussain T, Hailes L, O'Donnell K, Udupa V, Mi T, Preston S, Shtewe A, Hershberg U, Turner SJ, La Gruta NL, Chung AW, Tarlinton DM, Scharer CD, Good-Jacobson KL. Targeting BMI-1 in B cells restores effective humoral immune responses and controls chronic viral infection. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:86-98. [PMID: 34845392 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ineffective antibody-mediated responses are a key characteristic of chronic viral infection. However, our understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms that drive this dysregulation are unclear. Here, we identify that targeting the epigenetic modifier BMI-1 in mice improves humoral responses to chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. BMI-1 was upregulated by germinal center B cells in chronic viral infection, correlating with changes to the accessible chromatin landscape, compared to acute infection. B cell-intrinsic deletion of Bmi1 accelerated viral clearance, reduced splenomegaly and restored splenic architecture. Deletion of Bmi1 restored c-Myc expression in B cells, concomitant with improved quality of antibody and coupled with reduced antibody-secreting cell numbers. Specifically, BMI-1-deficiency induced antibody with increased neutralizing capacity and enhanced antibody-dependent effector function. Using a small molecule inhibitor to murine BMI-1, we could deplete antibody-secreting cells and prohibit detrimental immune complex formation in vivo. This study defines BMI-1 as a crucial immune modifier that controls antibody-mediated responses in chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Pietro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack Polmear
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tabinda Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Hailes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristy O'Donnell
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Research Alliance, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vibha Udupa
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tian Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Simon Preston
- Divisions of Immunology and Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Areen Shtewe
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Hershberg
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole L La Gruta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Research Alliance, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Crowley AR, Osei-Owusu NY, Dekkers G, Gao W, Wuhrer M, Magnani DM, Reimann KA, Pincus SH, Vidarsson G, Ackerman ME. Biophysical Evaluation of Rhesus Macaque Fc Gamma Receptors Reveals Similar IgG Fc Glycoform Preferences to Human Receptors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754710. [PMID: 34712242 PMCID: PMC8546228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhesus macaques are a common non-human primate model used in the evaluation of human monoclonal antibodies, molecules whose effector functions depend on a conserved N-linked glycan in the Fc region. This carbohydrate is a target of glycoengineering efforts aimed at altering antibody effector function by modulating the affinity of Fcγ receptors. For example, a reduction in the overall core fucose content is one such strategy that can increase antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity by increasing Fc-FcγRIIIa affinity. While the position of the Fc glycan is conserved in macaques, differences in the frequency of glycoforms and the use of an alternate monosaccharide in sialylated glycan species add a degree of uncertainty to the testing of glycoengineered human antibodies in rhesus macaques. Using a panel of 16 human IgG1 glycovariants, we measured the affinities of macaque FcγRs for differing glycoforms via surface plasmon resonance. Our results suggest that macaques are a tractable species in which to test the effects of antibody glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Nana Yaw Osei-Owusu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Gillian Dekkers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenda Gao
- Antagen Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Diogo M. Magnani
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Keith A. Reimann
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seth H. Pincus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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11
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Nimmerjahn F, Werner A. Sweet Rules: Linking Glycosylation to Antibody Function. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:365-393. [PMID: 34687017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies produced upon infections with pathogenic microorganisms are essential for clearing primary infections and for providing the host with long-lasting immunity. Moreover, antibodies have become the most widely used platform for developing novel therapies against cancer and autoimmunity, requiring an in-depth understanding of how antibodies mediate their activity in vivo and which factors modulate pro- or anti-inflammatory antibody activities. Since the discovery that select residues present in the sugar domain attached to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable (Fc) region can modulate both, pro- and anti-inflammatory effector functions, a wealth of studies has focused on understanding how IgG glycosylation is regulated and how this knowledge can be used to optimize therapeutic antibody activity. With the introduction of glycoengineered afucosylated antibodies in cancer therapy and the initiation of clinical testing of highly sialylated anti-inflammatory antibodies the proof-of-concept that understanding antibody glycosylation can lead to clinical innovation has been provided. The focus of this review is to summarize recent insights into how antibody glycosylation is regulated in vivo and how select sugar residues impact IgG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anja Werner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Teixeira AF, Cavenague MF, Kochi LT, Fernandes LG, Souza GO, de Souza Filho AF, Vasconcellos SA, Heinemann MB, Nascimento ALTO. Immunoprotective Activity Induced by Leptospiral Outer Membrane Proteins in Hamster Model of Acute Leptospirosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568694. [PMID: 33193344 PMCID: PMC7662565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution, affecting both humans and animals. The development of an effective vaccine against leptospirosis has long been pursued but without success. Humans are contaminated after direct contact with the urine of infected animals or indirectly by contaminated water or soil. The vaccines available consist of inactivated whole-bacterial cells, and the active immunoprotective antigen is the lipopolysaccharide moiety, which is also the basis for serovar classification. However, these vaccines are short-lasting, and protection is only against serovars contained in the preparation. The search for prevalent antigens, present in pathogenic species of Leptospira, represents the most cost-effective strategy for prevention of leptospirosis. Thus, the identification of these antigens is a priority. In this study, we examined the immunoprotective effect of eight leptospiral recombinant proteins using hamster as the challenge model. Animals received subcutaneously two doses of vaccine containing 50 μg of each recombinant protein adsorbed on alum adjuvant. Two weeks after the booster, animals were challenged with virulent leptospires and monitored for 21 days. All proteins were able to induce a specific immune response, although significant protective effects on survival rate were observed only for the proteins Lsa14, rLIC13259, and rLIC11711. Of these, only rLIC13259 and rLIC11711 were found to be highly prospective in promoting renal clearance. The sterilizing potential of both proteins will be further investigated to elucidate the immunoprotective mechanisms involved in leptospirosis control. These are the first proteins involved with human complement components with the capacity to protect against virulent challenge and to eliminate the bacteria from the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline F Teixeira
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria F Cavenague
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro T Kochi
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis G Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele O Souza
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio A Vasconcellos
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L T O Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Blöchl C, Regl C, Huber CG, Winter P, Weiss R, Wohlschlager T. Towards middle-up analysis of polyclonal antibodies: subclass-specific N-glycosylation profiling of murine immunoglobulin G (IgG) by means of HPLC-MS. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18080. [PMID: 33093535 PMCID: PMC7581757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, advanced HPLC-MS strategies based on intact protein (“top-down”) or protein subunit (“middle-up/middle-down”) analysis have been implemented for the characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Here, we assess feasibility of middle-up/middle-down analysis for polyclonal IgGs exhibiting extensive sequence variability. Specifically, we addressed IgGs from mouse, representing an important model system in immunological investigations. To obtain Fc/2 portions as conserved subunits of IgGs, we made use of the bacterial protease SpeB. For this purpose, we initially determined SpeB cleavage sites in murine IgGs. The resulting Fc/2 portions characteristic of different subclasses were subsequently analysed by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC hyphenated to high-resolution mass spectrometry. This enabled simultaneous relative quantification of IgG subclasses and their N-glycosylation variants, both of which influence IgG effector functions. To assess method capabilities in an immunological context, we applied the analytical workflow to polyclonal antibodies obtained from BALB/c mice immunized with the grass pollen allergen Phl p 6. The study revealed a shift in IgG subclasses and Fc-glycosylation patterns in total and antigen-specific IgGs from different mouse cohorts, respectively. Eventually, Fc/2 characterization may reveal other protein modifications including oxidation, amino acid exchanges, and C-terminal lysine, and may thus be implemented for quality control of functional antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Blöchl
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christof Regl
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Petra Winter
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Therese Wohlschlager
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria. .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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14
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Changes in subclass-specific IgG Fc glycosylation associated with the postnatal maturation of the murine immune system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15243. [PMID: 32943699 PMCID: PMC7498460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early postnatal life is characterized by a critical time period in which the developing neonatal immune system transitions from passive immunity, induced by protective maternal antibodies, to the competence of a fully functioning immune system. The inflammatory capability of both maternal and neonatal antibodies is governed by N-linked glycosylation of the Fc region, and though this has been examined extensively in adults, there is currently little information regarding antibody glycosylation patterns during early postnatal life. To characterize the murine IgG Fc glycosylation profile during early life, we used nano-LC-ESI-Qq-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to assess subclass specific Asn-297 glycosylation patterns in the serum of BALB/c mice from 5-60 days of age. From birth to adulthood, we observed a decline in proinflammatory Fc glycosylation in all IgG subclasses. This was shown by significantly reduced agalactosylated and monogalactosylated structures combined with increased sialylation after weaning at 45 and 60 days of age. This information indicates that the transition between neonatal life and adulthood in mice is accompanied by reduction of inflammatory IgG antibodies. Our study contributes to a growing body of literature indicating the importance of IgG Fc glycosylation and its association with inflammation during different life stages.
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15
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Boudreau CM, Yu WH, Suscovich TJ, Talbot HK, Edwards KM, Alter G. Selective induction of antibody effector functional responses using MF59-adjuvanted vaccination. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:662-672. [PMID: 31845904 DOI: 10.1172/jci129520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza infection remains a major public health concern worldwide. Driving robust humoral immunity has been a challenge given preexisting, often cross-reactive, immunity and in particular, poorly immunogenic avian antigens. To overcome immune barriers, the adjuvant MF59 has been used in seasonal influenza vaccines to increase antibody titers and improve neutralizing activity, translating to a moderate increase in protection in vulnerable populations. However, its effects on stimulating antibody effector functions, including NK cell activation, monocyte phagocytosis, and complement activity, all of which have been implicated in protection against influenza, have yet to be defined. Using systems serology, we assessed changes in antibody functional profiles in individuals who received H5N1 avian influenza vaccine administered with MF59, with alum, or delivered unadjuvanted. MF59 elicited antibody responses that stimulated robust neutrophil phagocytosis and complement activity. Conversely, vaccination with MF59 recruited NK cells poorly and drove moderate monocyte phagocytic activity, both likely compromised because of the induction of antibodies that did not bind FCGR3A. Collectively, defining the humoral antibody functions induced by distinct adjuvants may provide a path to designing next-generation vaccines that can selectively leverage the humoral immune functions, beyond binding and neutralization, resulting in better protection from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,PhD program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen-Han Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd J Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Keipp Talbot
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Health Policy, and
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Bartsch YC, Eschweiler S, Leliavski A, Lunding HB, Wagt S, Petry J, Lilienthal GM, Rahmöller J, de Haan N, Hölscher A, Erapaneedi R, Giannou AD, Aly L, Sato R, de Neef LA, Winkler A, Braumann D, Hobusch J, Kuhnigk K, Krémer V, Steinhaus M, Blanchard V, Gemoll T, Habermann JK, Collin M, Salinas G, Manz RA, Fukuyama H, Korn T, Waisman A, Yogev N, Huber S, Rabe B, Rose-John S, Busch H, Berberich-Siebelt F, Hölscher C, Wuhrer M, Ehlers M. IgG Fc sialylation is regulated during the germinal center reaction following immunization with different adjuvants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:652-666.e11. [PMID: 32445838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effector functions of IgG Abs are regulated by their Fc N-glycosylation pattern. IgG Fc glycans that lack galactose and terminal sialic acid residues correlate with the severity of inflammatory (auto)immune disorders and have also been linked to protection against viral infection and discussed in the context of vaccine-induced protection. In contrast, sialylated IgG Abs have shown immunosuppressive effects. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate IgG glycosylation programming during the germinal center (GC) reaction following immunization of mice with a foreign protein antigen and different adjuvants. METHODS Mice were analyzed for GC T-cell, B-cell, and plasma cell responses, as well as for antigen-specific serum IgG subclass titers and Fc glycosylation patterns. RESULTS Different adjuvants induce distinct IgG+ GC B-cell responses with specific transcriptomes and expression levels of the α2,6-sialyltransferase responsible for IgG sialylation that correspond to distinct serum IgG Fc glycosylation patterns. Low IgG Fc sialylation programming in GC B cells was overall highly dependent on the Foxp3- follicular helper T (TFH) cell-inducing cytokine IL-6, here in particular induced by water-in-oil adjuvants and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Furthermore, low IgG Fc sialylation programming was dependent on adjuvants that induced IL-27 receptor-dependent IFN-γ+ TFH1 cells, IL-6/IL-23-dependent IL-17A+ TFH17 cells, and high ratios of TFH cells to Foxp3+ follicular regulatory T cells. Here, the 2 latter were dependent on M tuberculosis and its cord factor. CONCLUSION This study's findings regarding adjuvant-dependent GC responses and IgG glycosylation programming may aid in the development of novel vaccination strategies to induce IgG Abs with both high affinity and defined Fc glycosylation patterns in the GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic C Bartsch
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simon Eschweiler
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna B Lunding
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sander Wagt
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janina Petry
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gina-Maria Lilienthal
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johann Rahmöller
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Raghu Erapaneedi
- Institute for Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lilian Aly
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Germany
| | - Ryota Sato
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Louise A de Neef
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André Winkler
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity at the German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Braumann
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Hobusch
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kyra Kuhnigk
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vanessa Krémer
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Moritz Steinhaus
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology & Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens K Habermann
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology & Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mattias Collin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Integrative Genomics, Institute Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hidehiro Fukuyama
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nir Yogev
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Rabe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Friederike Berberich-Siebelt
- Institute for Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunity at the German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany; Airway Research Center North, University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany.
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17
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Recombinant Costimulatory Fusion Proteins as Functional Immunomodulators Enhance Antitumor Activity in Murine B16F10 Melanoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020223. [PMID: 32423130 PMCID: PMC7349950 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking inhibitory signaling and engaging stimulatory signaling have emerged as important therapeutic modalities for cancer immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate immunomodulatory features of three recombinant costimulatory ligand proteins in a mouse model, which are extracellular domains of OX40-ligand (OX40L), 4-1BB-ligand (4-1BBL), or two domains in tandem, fused with the transmembrane domain of diphtheria toxin (DTT), named DTT-COS1, DTT-COS2, and DTT-COS12, respectively. In vitro study showed that DTT-COS1 and DTT-COS12 had immunological activity increasing the ratio of CD8/CD4 T cells. Treatments with DTT-COS1 and DTT-COS12 dramatically generated immune protection against the B16F10 tumor challenge in both prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, regarding tumor microenvironment (TME) immunomodulation, DTT-COS1 treatment increased the proportion of CD4+ effector T cells (Teff) and decreased the expression of a suppressive cytokine. Meanwhile, DTT-COS12 reduced regulatory T cells (Treg) and improved the level of stimulatory cytokines. In addition, endogenous antibodies against OX40L/4-1BBL were generated, which may help with antitumor responses. Unexpectedly, DTT-COS2 lacked antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, serum analysis of liver-function associated factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines demonstrated that treatments were safe formulations in mice without signs of systemic toxicity. Remarkably, DTT-COS1 and DTT-COS12 are functional immunomodulators for mouse B16F10 melanoma, creating practical preclinical value in cancer immunotherapy.
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18
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Han J, Liu Q, Xu X, Qin W, Pan Y, Qin R, Zhao R, Gu Y, Gu J, Ren S. Relative Quantitation of Subclass-Specific Murine IgG Fc N-Glycoforms by Multiple Reaction Monitoring. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8564-8571. [PMID: 32337418 PMCID: PMC7178347 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N-Linked glycosylation of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is considered a significant modulator of antibody functions, which is known to be subclass-specific. As mice are the most widely used model organisms in immunological research, determining the variation in Fc glycosylation among each murine IgG subclass in different physiological or pathological statuses is beneficial for studying how the IgG subclass effector function is affected by Fc glycosylation. In this study, we established a method to quantify murine IgG Fc glycoforms normalized to the protein abundance at a subclass-specific level for various mouse strains using multiple reaction monitoring. The glycoform level was normalized to the subclass protein abundance (subclass-specific peptide intensity) in each IgG subclass to eliminate the contribution from the subclass protein abundance. Both good linearity and high repeatability of the method were validated by investigating a mixed mouse serum sample. The method was applied to quantify the differences in subclass-specific IgG Fc N-glycoforms between systemic sclerosis (SSc) mice and healthy control mice. The results demonstrated that each IgG subclass had its own characteristic-altered glycosylation, implying the close association of subclass-specific IgG Fc glycosylation with SSc in mice. This report demonstrates a method with great reliability and practicality that has promising potential for the relative quantitation of subclass-specific IgG Fc N-glycoforms in multiple mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department
of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200040, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Qin
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Pan
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruihuan Qin
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Obstetrics
and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yong Gu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shifang Ren
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Zaytseva OO, Seeling M, Krištić J, Lauc G, Pezer M, Nimmerjahn F. Fc-Linked IgG N-Glycosylation in FcγR Knock-Out Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:67. [PMID: 32195245 PMCID: PMC7063467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant immunoglobulin isotype in the blood and is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. Glycosylation of the IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) region is shown to vary in different physiological and pathological states. Fc N-glycan composition can alter the effector functions of IgG by modulating its affinity for ligands, such as Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). However, it is not known whether IgG glycosylation is affected by the available repertoire of FcγRs, and if the Fc-linked N-glycome can compensate for modulation of the IgG-FcγR interaction. To explore this, we examined the subclass-specific Fc IgG glycoprofiles of healthy male and female FcγR knock-out mice on C57BL/6 and BALB/c backgrounds. We observed slight changes in IgG Fc N-glycan profiles in different knock-outs; however, it seems that the strain background and sex have a stronger effect on N-glycosylation of IgG Fc regions than the FcγR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga O Zaytseva
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michaela Seeling
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Gordan Lauc
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Pezer
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Zaytseva OO, Freidin MB, Keser T, Štambuk J, Ugrina I, Šimurina M, Vilaj M, Štambuk T, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Pučić-Baković M, Lauc G, Williams FMK, Novokmet M. Heritability of Human Plasma N-Glycome. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:85-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga O. Zaytseva
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Maxim B. Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivo Ugrina
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Rud̵era Bošković 33, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Mirna Šimurina
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marija Vilaj
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tamara Štambuk
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Pučić-Baković
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Frances M. K. Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Mislav Novokmet
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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21
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Abstract
Although vaccines have been successfully developed against several pathogens, designing an effective vaccine to protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has remained an intractable challenge. To address this, the research community has looked to human and non-human primate studies to understand the correlates of protective immunity, based on which a targeted vaccine strategy may be designed. Two distinct approaches, focused on different immune correlates of protection, have emerged. The first focuses on structure-based design of HIV envelope immunogens that are able to induce antibodies that neutralize the virus. The second focuses on strategies aimed at driving non-neutralizing polyclonal and polyfunctional antibodies that engage other arms of immunity to clear the virus. Here we review these two different vaccine design strategies and posit that ultimately the convergence of these two efforts will likely be necessary for the development of a globally protective HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dan Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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23
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Paryzhak S, Dumych T, Mahorivska I, Boichuk M, Bila G, Peshkova S, Nehrych T, Bilyy R. Neutrophil-released enzymes can influence composition of circulating immune complexes in multiple sclerosis. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:297-303. [PMID: 30369266 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1514390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During NET formation, the content of neutrophils granules is released into the intercellular milieu. Consisting of many proteases and ROS species, formed NETs were shown to degrade cytokines (Schauer, Nat Med, 2014); while the content of neutrophil's azurophilic granules proved to contain glycosidases, secreted upon activation (Thaysen-Andersen, JBC, 2015), and formation of autoantibodies to neutrophil beta-glucoronidase was connected with the level of anti-MPO antibodies (Ab) (Martensson, Autoimmunity, 1992). Taking into account these facts, we aimed to investigate the possibility of NET-related changes in glycan composition on circulating IgG molecules and IgG-IgM immune complexes in multiple sclerosis (MS). This autoimmune disorder still has no reliable detection markers or established ways of treatment, besides widely accepted interferon therapy, making it a particularly interesting clinical condition. By applying capture lectin-ELISA, we analysed binding of α2,6 sialyl-specific lectins SNA, PSqL, and core α1,6-fucose specific lectin AAL to circulating IgG and related complexes in five groups of MS patients: untreated (17 persons); undergoing therapy with interferon (IFN) β-1 b (15 persons), corticosteroids (methylprednisolone) (12 persons) and anti-B-cell monoclonal Ab (12 persons: Ocrelizumab, 6 persons and alemtuzumab, 6 persons). A group of 23 healthy donors served as control. Significant increase in neutrophil elastase activity, observed in the group of patients under corticosteroid treatment was also accompanied by sialyl-specific PSqL and SNA lectin binding to captured IgG molecules. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that sialic acid residues were exposed on free IgG and on circulating IgG-IgM immune complexes. Increased lectin binding was not observed for anti-myelin basic protein (one of the major autoAb in MS) Ab compared to total serum Ab. IFN therapy was accompanied by low neutrophil elastase activity and low amount of circulating immune complexes. Incubation of in vitro generated NETs with human serum revealed the digestion of high-molecular weight immune complexes with subsequent exposure of hidden glycoepitops. Obtained data indicate the potential of neutrophil-derived proteases to modify (partially degrade) circulating immune complexes leading to exposure of internal glycoepitops.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paryzhak
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - T Dumych
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - I Mahorivska
- b Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander University at Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - M Boichuk
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - G Bila
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - S Peshkova
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - T Nehrych
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - R Bilyy
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
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24
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Alter G, Ottenhoff TH, Joosten SA. Antibody glycosylation in inflammation, disease and vaccination. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:102-110. [PMID: 29903548 PMCID: PMC8731230 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are antigen recognizing immunoglobulins with an amazingly diverse repertoire in the antigen specific domain. The diversity of the antibody response is further increased by modifications such as somatic recombination and hypermutation. Furthermore, variation in the isotype and post-translational modifications such as Fc glycosylation further increase diversity of the effector functions. In particular variations in the glycan structures contribute significantly to the functional capacities of the antibodies. This is of particular interest given the dynamic nature of these modifications that is strongly influenced by the inflammatory environment. Intriguingly, the glycan profile of antibodies has been unravelled in great detail in inflammatory (auto)immune diseases but received only limited attention in the area of infectious diseases and vaccination. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on immunoglobulin glycosylation and specifically focussed on studies in the field of infectious diseases and vaccination against infectious diseases, an area with a lot of interesting opportunities.
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25
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Pipi E, Nayar S, Gardner DH, Colafrancesco S, Smith C, Barone F. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Autoimmunity Goes Local. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1952. [PMID: 30258435 PMCID: PMC6143705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are frequently observed in target organs of autoimmune diseases. TLS present features of secondary lymphoid organs such as segregated T and B cell zones, presence of follicular dendritic cell networks, high endothelial venules and specialized lymphoid fibroblasts and display the mechanisms to support local adaptive immune responses toward locally displayed antigens. TLS detection in the tissue is often associated with poor prognosis of disease, auto-antibody production and malignancy development. This review focuses on the contribution of TLS toward the persistence of the inflammatory drive, the survival of autoreactive lymphocyte clones and post-translational modifications, responsible for the pathogenicity of locally formed autoantibodies, during autoimmune disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pipi
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Experimental Medicine Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Saba Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David H Gardner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charlotte Smith
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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26
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MIgGGly (mouse IgG glycosylation analysis) - a high-throughput method for studying Fc-linked IgG N-glycosylation in mice with nanoUPLC-ESI-MS. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13688. [PMID: 30209257 PMCID: PMC6135756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation is crucial for its effector functions. It is a complex trait, and large sample sets are needed to discover multiple genetic factors that underlie it. While in humans such high-throughput studies of IgG N-glycans became usual, only one has been carried out in mice. Here we describe and validate a method for the relative quantification of IgG Fc-linked N-glycans in a subclass-specific manner using nano-reverse phase liquid chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (nanoRP-LC-MS) applied to murine IgG. High-throughput data processing is ensured by the LaCyTools software. We have shown that IgG isolation procedure is the main source of technical variation in the current protocol. The major glycoforms were quantified reliably with coefficients of variation below 6% for all the analytes with relative abundances above 5%. We have applied our method to a sample set of 3 inbred strains: BALB/c, C57BL/6 and C3H and observed differences in subclass-specific and strain-specific N-glycosylation of IgG, suggesting a significant genetic component in the regulation of Fc-linked IgG N-glycosylation.
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27
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Vanderschaeghe D, Meuris L, Raes T, Grootaert H, Van Hecke A, Verhelst X, Van de Velde F, Lapauw B, Van Vlierberghe H, Callewaert N. Endoglycosidase S Enables a Highly Simplified Clinical Chemistry Procedure for Direct Assessment of Serum IgG Undergalactosylation in Chronic Inflammatory Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2508-2517. [PMID: 30190373 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir118.000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, it has been firmly established that a wide spectrum of (autoimmune) diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's and lupus, but also other pathologies like alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH and NASH) are driven by chronic inflammation and are hallmarked by a reduced level of serum IgG galactosylation. IgG (under)galactosylation is a promising biomarker to assess disease severity, and monitor and adjust therapy. However, this biomarker has not been implemented in routine clinical chemistry because of a complex analytical procedure that necessitates IgG purification, which is difficult to perform and validate at high throughput. We addressed this issue by using endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Streptococcus pyogenes (endoS) to specifically release Fc N-glycans in whole serum. The entire assay can be completed in a few hours and only entails adding endoS and labeling the glycans with APTS. Glycans are then readily analyzed through capillary electrophoresis. We demonstrate in two independent patient cohorts that IgG undergalactosylation levels obtained with this assay correlate very well with scores calculated from PNGaseF-released glycans of purified antibodies. Our new assay allows to directly and specifically measure the degree of IgG galactosylation in serum through a fast and completely liquid phase protocol, without the requirement for antibody purification. This should help advancing this biomarker toward clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Vanderschaeghe
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leander Meuris
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Raes
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Grootaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Van Hecke
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Verhelst
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederique Van de Velde
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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28
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Magorivska I, Döncző B, Dumych T, Karmash A, Boichuk M, Hychka K, Mihalj M, Szabó M, Csánky E, Rech J, Guttman A, Vari SG, Bilyy R. Glycosylation of random IgG distinguishes seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:111-117. [PMID: 29733234 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1468886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The N-glycosylation of human immunoglobulins, especially IgGs, plays a critical role in determining affinity of IgGs towards their effector (pro- and anti-inflammatory) receptors. However, it is still not clear whether altered glycosylation is involved in only antibody-dependent disorders like seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or also in pathologies with similar clinical manifestations, but no specific autoantibodies like seronegative RA. The clarification of that uncertainty was the aim of the current study. Another study aim was the detection of specific glycan forms responsible for altered exposure of native glycoepitopes. We studied sera from seropositive RA (n = 15) and seronegative RA (n = 12) patients for exposure of glycans in native IgG molecules, followed by determination of specific glycans by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescent detection (CE-LIF). Aged-matched groups of normal healthy donors (NHD) and samples of intravenous immunoglobulin IgG preparations (IVIG) served as controls. There was significantly stronger binding of Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) lectins towards IgG from seropositive RA compared to seronegative RA or NHD. CE-LIF analysis revealed statistically significant increases in bisecting glycans FA2BG2 (p = .006) and FABG2S1 (p = .005) seropositive RA, accompanied by decrease of bisecting monogalactosylated glycan FA2(6)G1 (p = .074) and non-bisecting monosialylated glycan FA2(3)G1S1 (p = .055). The results suggest that seropositive RA is distinct from seronegative RA in terms of IgG glycan moieties, attributable to specific immunoglobulin molecules present in seropositive disease. These glycans were determined to be bisecting GlcNAc-bearing forms FA2BG2 and FABG2S1, and their appearance increased the availability of LCA and AAL lectin-binding sites in native IgG glycoepitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Magorivska
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - B Döncző
- b Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - T Dumych
- c Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - A Karmash
- c Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - M Boichuk
- c Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - K Hychka
- c Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - M Mihalj
- d Faculty of Medicine , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia.,e University hospital Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - M Szabó
- f Department of Pulmonology , Semmelweis Hospital , Miskolc , Hungary
| | - E Csánky
- f Department of Pulmonology , Semmelweis Hospital , Miskolc , Hungary
| | - J Rech
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - A Guttman
- b Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.,g MTA-PE Translational Glycomics Group, MUKKI , University of Pannonia , Veszprem , Hungary
| | - S G Vari
- h International Research and Innovation in Medicine Program , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - R Bilyy
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany.,d Faculty of Medicine , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
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29
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Seeling M, Brückner C, Nimmerjahn F. Differential antibody glycosylation in autoimmunity: sweet biomarker or modulator of disease activity? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:621-630. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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