1
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Kedia-Mehta N, Pisarska MM, Rollings C, O'Neill C, De Barra C, Foley C, Wood NAW, Wrigley-Kelly N, Veerapen N, Besra G, Bergin R, Jones N, O'Shea D, Sinclair LV, Hogan AE. The proliferation of human mucosal-associated invariant T cells requires a MYC-SLC7A5-glycolysis metabolic axis. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo2709. [PMID: 37071733 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant population of innate T cells that recognize bacterial ligands and play a key role in host protection against bacterial and viral pathogens. Upon activation, MAIT cells undergo proliferative expansion and increase their production of effector molecules such as cytokines. In this study, we found that both mRNA and protein abundance of the key metabolism regulator and transcription factor MYC was increased in stimulated MAIT cells. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified the activation of two MYC-controlled metabolic pathways, amino acid transport and glycolysis, both of which were necessary for MAIT cell proliferation. Last, we showed that MAIT cells isolated from people with obesity showed decreased MYC mRNA abundance upon activation, which was associated with defective MAIT cell proliferation and functional responses. Collectively, our data uncover the importance of MYC-regulated metabolism for MAIT cell proliferation and provide additional insight into the molecular basis for the functional defects of MAIT cells in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kedia-Mehta
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Marta M Pisarska
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Christina Rollings
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chloe O'Neill
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | | | - Cathriona Foley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nicole A W Wood
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Neil Wrigley-Kelly
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
- University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Gurdyal Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ronan Bergin
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Donal O'Shea
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
- University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Linda V Sinclair
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
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2
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Jakob J, Kröger A, Klawonn F, Bruder D, Jänsch L. Translatome analyses by bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid labeling reveal that MR1-activated MAIT cells induce an M1 phenotype and antiviral programming in antigen-presenting monocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091837. [PMID: 36875139 PMCID: PMC9977998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
MAIT cells are multifunctional innate-like effector cells recognizing bacterial-derived vitamin B metabolites presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I related protein 1 (MR1). However, our understanding of MR1-mediated responses of MAIT cells upon their interaction with other immune cells is still incomplete. Here, we performed the first translatome study of primary human MAIT cells interacting with THP-1 monocytes in a bicellular system. We analyzed the interaction between MAIT and THP-1 cells in the presence of the activating 5-OP-RU or the inhibitory Ac-6-FP MR1-ligand. Using bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) we were able to enrich selectively those proteins that were newly translated during MR1-dependent cellular interaction. Subsequently, newly translated proteins were measured cell-type-specifically by ultrasensitive proteomics to decipher the coinciding immune responses in both cell types. This strategy identified over 2,000 MAIT and 3,000 THP-1 active protein translations following MR1 ligand stimulations. Translation in both cell types was found to be increased by 5-OP-RU, which correlated with their conjugation frequency and CD3 polarization at MAIT cell immunological synapses in the presence of 5-OP-RU. In contrast, Ac-6-FP only regulated a few protein translations, including GSK3B, indicating an anergic phenotype. In addition to known effector responses, 5-OP-RU-induced protein translations uncovered type I and type II Interferon-driven protein expression profiles in both MAIT and THP-1 cells. Interestingly, the translatome of THP-1 cells suggested that activated MAIT cells can impact M1/M2 polarization in these cells. Indeed, gene and surface expression of CXCL10, IL-1β, CD80, and CD206 confirmed an M1-like phenotype of macrophages being induced in the presence of 5-OP-RU-activated MAIT cells. Furthermore, we validated that the Interferon-driven translatome was accompanied by the induction of an antiviral phenotype in THP-1 cells, which were found able to suppress viral replication following conjugation with MR1-activated MAIT cells. In conclusion, BONCAT translatomics extended our knowledge of MAIT cell immune responses at the protein level and discovered that MR1-activated MAIT cells are sufficient to induce M1 polarization and an anti-viral program of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Jakob
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Infection Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Infection Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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3
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Meermeier EW, Zheng CL, Tran JG, Soma S, Worley AH, Weiss DI, Modlin RL, Swarbrick G, Karamooz E, Khuzwayo S, Wong EB, Gold MC, Lewinsohn DM. Human lung-resident mucosal-associated invariant T cells are abundant, express antimicrobial proteins, and are cytokine responsive. Commun Biol 2022; 5:942. [PMID: 36085311 PMCID: PMC9463188 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell subset that recognize a broad array of microbial pathogens, including respiratory pathogens. Here we investigate the transcriptional profile of MAIT cells localized to the human lung, and postulate that MAIT cells may play a role in maintaining homeostasis at this mucosal barrier. Using the MR1/5-OP-RU tetramer, we identified MAIT cells and non-MAIT CD8+ T cells in lung tissue not suitable for transplant from human donors. We used RNA-sequencing of MAIT cells compared to non-MAIT CD8+ T cells to define the transcriptome of MAIT cells in the human lung. We show that, as a population, lung MAIT cells are polycytotoxic, secrete the directly antimicrobial molecule IL-26, express genes associated with persistence, and selectively express cytokine and chemokine- related molecules distinct from other lung-resident CD8+ T cells, such as interferon-γ- and IL-12- receptors. These data highlight MAIT cells' predisposition to rapid pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness and antimicrobial mechanisms in human lung tissue, concordant with findings of blood-derived counterparts, and support a function for MAIT cells as early sensors in the defense of respiratory barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Meermeier
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Christina L Zheng
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jessica G Tran
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Shogo Soma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aneta H Worley
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David I Weiss
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Swarbrick
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elham Karamooz
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sharon Khuzwayo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Emily B Wong
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marielle C Gold
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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4
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Gao MG, Zhao XS. Mining the multifunction of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in hematological malignancies and transplantation immunity: A promising hexagon soldier in immunomodulatory. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931764. [PMID: 36052080 PMCID: PMC9427077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved innate-like T cells capable of recognizing bacterial and fungal ligands derived from vitamin B biosynthesis. Under different stimulation conditions, MAIT cells can display different immune effector phenotypes, exerting immune regulation and anti-/protumor responses. Based on basic biological characteristics, including the enrichment of mucosal tissue, the secretion of mucosal repair protective factors (interleukin-17, etc.), and the activation of riboflavin metabolites by intestinal flora, MAIT cells may play an important role in the immune regulation effect of mucosal lesions or inflammation. At the same time, activated MAIT cells secrete granzyme B, perforin, interferon γ, and other toxic cytokines, which can mediate anti-tumor effects. In addition, since a variety of hematological malignancies express the targets of MAIT cell-specific effector molecules, MAIT cells are also a potentially attractive target for cell therapy or immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. In this review, we will provide an overview of MAIT research related to blood system diseases and discuss the possible immunomodulatory or anti-tumor roles that unique biological characteristics or effector phenotypes may play in hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ge Gao
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Su Zhao
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Su Zhao,
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5
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Vorwald VM, Davis DM, Van Gulick RJ, Torphy RJ, Borgers JS, Klarquist J, Couts KL, Amato CM, Cogswell DT, Fujita M, Castleman MJ, Davis T, Lozupone C, Medina TM, Robinson WA, Gapin L, McCarter MD, Tobin RP. Circulating CD8 + mucosal-associated invariant T cells correlate with improved treatment responses and overall survival in anti-PD-1-treated melanoma patients. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1367. [PMID: 35028137 PMCID: PMC8743567 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives While much of the research concerning factors associated with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has focussed on the contributions of conventional peptide‐specific T cells, the role of unconventional T cells, such as mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, in human melanoma remains largely unknown. MAIT cells are an abundant population of innate‐like T cells expressing a semi‐invariant T‐cell receptor restricted to the MHC class I‐like molecule, MR1, presenting vitamin B metabolites derived from bacteria. We sought to characterise MAIT cells in melanoma patients and determined their association with treatment responses and clinical outcomes. Methods In this prospective clinical study, we analysed the frequency and functional profile of circulating and tumor‐infiltrating MAIT cells in human melanoma patients. Using flow cytometry, we compared these across metastatic sites and between ICI responders vs. non‐responders as well as healthy donors. Results We identified tumor‐infiltrating MAIT cells in melanomas across metastatic sites and found that the number of circulating MAIT cells is reduced in melanoma patients compared to healthy donors. However, circulating MAIT cell frequencies are restored by ICI treatment in responding patients, correlating with treatment responses, in which patients with high frequencies of MAIT cells exhibited significantly improved overall survival. Conclusion Our results suggest that MAIT cells may be a potential predictive marker of responses to immunotherapies and provide rationale for testing MAIT cell‐directed therapies in combination with current and next‐generation ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Vorwald
- Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Dana M Davis
- Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Robert J Van Gulick
- Division of Medical Oncology Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Robert J Torphy
- Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Jessica Sw Borgers
- Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA.,The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jared Klarquist
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Kasey L Couts
- Division of Medical Oncology Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Carol M Amato
- Division of Medical Oncology Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Dasha T Cogswell
- Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA.,Department of Dermatology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Moriah J Castleman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Timothy Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics School of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Catherine Lozupone
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Theresa M Medina
- Division of Medical Oncology Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - William A Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Martin D McCarter
- Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Richard P Tobin
- Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
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6
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Fuchs S, Kucklick M, Lehmann E, Beckmann A, Wilkens M, Kolte B, Mustafayeva A, Ludwig T, Diwo M, Wissing J, Jänsch L, Ahrens CH, Ignatova Z, Engelmann S. Towards the characterization of the hidden world of small proteins in Staphylococcus aureus, a proteogenomics approach. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009585. [PMID: 34061833 PMCID: PMC8195425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small proteins play essential roles in bacterial physiology and virulence, however, automated algorithms for genome annotation are often not yet able to accurately predict the corresponding genes. The accuracy and reliability of genome annotations, particularly for small open reading frames (sORFs), can be significantly improved by integrating protein evidence from experimental approaches. Here we present a highly optimized and flexible bioinformatics workflow for bacterial proteogenomics covering all steps from (i) generation of protein databases, (ii) database searches and (iii) peptide-to-genome mapping to (iv) visualization of results. We used the workflow to identify high quality peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) for small proteins (≤ 100 aa, SP100) in Staphylococcus aureus Newman. Protein extracts from S. aureus were subjected to different experimental workflows for protein digestion and prefractionation and measured with highly sensitive mass spectrometers. In total, 175 proteins with up to 100 aa (SP100) were identified. Out of these 24 (ranging from 9 to 99 aa) were novel and not contained in the used genome annotation.144 SP100 are highly conserved and were found in at least 50% of the publicly available S. aureus genomes, while 127 are additionally conserved in other staphylococci. Almost half of the identified SP100 were basic, suggesting a role in binding to more acidic molecules such as nucleic acids or phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Fuchs
- Robert Koch Institute, Methodenentwicklung und Forschungsinfrastruktur (MF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kucklick
- University of Technical Sciences Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research GmbH, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Erik Lehmann
- University of Technical Sciences Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research GmbH, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Beckmann
- University of Technical Sciences Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research GmbH, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maya Wilkens
- Robert Koch Institute, Methodenentwicklung und Forschungsinfrastruktur (MF), Berlin, Germany
- University of Technical Sciences Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research GmbH, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Baban Kolte
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ayten Mustafayeva
- University of Technical Sciences Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research GmbH, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Ludwig
- University of Technical Sciences Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research GmbH, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maurice Diwo
- University of Technical Sciences Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research GmbH, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Josef Wissing
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research GmbH, Cellular Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research GmbH, Cellular Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian H Ahrens
- Agroscope, Research Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics & SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zoya Ignatova
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Engelmann
- University of Technical Sciences Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research GmbH, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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Schubert K, Karkossa I, Schor J, Engelmann B, Steinheuer LM, Bruns T, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Hackermüller J, von Bergen M. A Multi-Omics Analysis of Mucosal-Associated-Invariant T Cells Reveals Key Drivers of Distinct Modes of Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616967. [PMID: 34108957 PMCID: PMC8183572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells highly depends on the mode of activation, either by recognition of bacterial metabolites via their T cell receptor (TCR) or in a TCR-independent manner via cytokines. The underlying molecular mechanisms are not entirely understood. To define the activation of MAIT cells on the molecular level, we applied a multi-omics approach with untargeted transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Transcriptomic analysis of E. coli- and TCR-activated MAIT cells showed a distinct transcriptional reprogramming, including altered pathways, transcription factors and effector molecules. We validated the consequences of this reprogramming on the phenotype by proteomics and metabolomics. Thus, and to distinguish between TCR-dependent and -independent activation, MAIT cells were stimulated with IL12/IL18, anti-CD3/CD28 or both. Only a combination of both led to full activation of MAIT cells, comparable to activation by E. coli. Using an integrated network-based approach, we identified key drivers of the distinct modes of activation, including cytokines and transcription factors, as well as negative feedback regulators like TWIST1 or LAG3. Taken together, we present novel insights into the biological function of MAIT cells, which may represent a basis for therapeutic approaches to target MAIT cells in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Karkossa
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Schor
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Maria Steinheuer
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Hackermüller
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Amini A, Pang D, Hackstein CP, Klenerman P. MAIT Cells in Barrier Tissues: Lessons from Immediate Neighbors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584521. [PMID: 33329559 PMCID: PMC7734211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells present at considerable frequencies in human blood and barrier tissues, armed with an expanding array of effector functions in response to homeostatic perturbations. Analogous to other barrier immune cells, their phenotype and function is driven by crosstalk with host and dynamic environmental factors, most pertinently the microbiome. Given their distribution, they must function in diverse extracellular milieus. Tissue-specific and adapted functions of barrier immune cells are shaped by transcriptional programs and regulated through a blend of local cellular, inflammatory, physiological, and metabolic mediators unique to each microenvironment. This review compares the phenotype and function of MAIT cells with other barrier immune cells, highlighting potential areas for future exploration. Appreciation of MAIT cell biology within tissues is crucial to understanding their niche in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amini
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Pang
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Iranparast S, Tayebi S, Ahmadpour F, Yousefi B. Tumor-Induced Metabolism and T Cells Located in Tumor Environment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:741-756. [PMID: 32691710 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200720010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several subtypes of T cells are located in a tumor environment, each of which supplies their energy using different metabolic mechanisms. Since the cancer cells require high levels of glucose, the conditions of food poverty in the tumor environment can cause inactivation of immune cells, especially the T-effector cells, due to the need for glucose in the early stages of these cells activity. Different signaling pathways, such as PI3K-AKt-mTOR, MAPK, HIF-1α, etc., are activated or inactivated by the amount and type of energy source or oxygen levels that determine the fate of T cells in a cancerous environment. This review describes the metabolites in the tumor environment and their effects on the function of T cells. It also explains the signaling pathway of T cells in the tumor and normal conditions, due to the level of access to available metabolites and subtypes of T cells in the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Iranparast
- Department of Immunology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Tayebi
- Department of Immunology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadpour
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bernal I, van Ham M, Jänsch L. Immune Monitoring of Human Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells by Quantitative Proteomics. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2098:209-218. [PMID: 31792825 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0207-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular phenotypes of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are correlating with individual susceptibilities and outcomes in human diseases. Quantitative proteome strategies can examine such variations in the functional and druggable inventory of MAIT cells comprehensively, but protocols for the support of translational and clinical studies are still rare. Here, we describe a protocol in which MR1-restricted MAIT cells were isolated from blood donations by FACS and are then characterized by quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS) to complement information about their unique effector phenotype and to investigate donor-/patient- or disease-specific variations in protein networks with high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bernal
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Infection Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,ESF Graduate School ABINEP, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marco van Ham
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Molinier-Frenkel V, Prévost-Blondel A, Castellano F. The IL4I1 Enzyme: A New Player in the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2019; 8:E757. [PMID: 31330829 PMCID: PMC6678094 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The high metabolic needs of T lymphocytes in response to activation make them particularly vulnerable to modifications of their biochemical milieu. Immunosuppressive enzymes produced in the tumor microenvironment modify nutrient availability by catabolizing essential or semi-essential amino acids and producing toxic catabolites, thus participating in the local sabotage of the antitumor immune response. L-amino-acid oxidases are FAD-bound enzymes found throughout evolution, from bacteria to mammals, and are often endowed with anti-infectious properties. IL4I1 is a secreted L-phenylalanine oxidase mainly produced by inflammatory antigen-presenting cells-in particular, macrophages present in T helper type 1 granulomas and in various types of tumors. In the last decade, it has been shown that IL4I1 is involved in the fine control of B- and T-cell adaptive immune responses. Preclinical models have revealed its role in cancer immune evasion. Recent clinical data highlight IL4I1 as a new potential prognostic marker in human melanoma. As a secreted enzyme, IL4I1 may represent an easily targetable molecule for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Molinier-Frenkel
- INSERM, U955, Team 09, 94010 Créteil, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Est, 94010 Créteil, France.
- AP-HP, H. Mondor - A. Chenevier Hospital, Biological Immunology Service, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - Armelle Prévost-Blondel
- INSERM, U1016, Institute Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Flavia Castellano
- INSERM, U955, Team 09, 94010 Créteil, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Est, 94010 Créteil, France.
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Bernal I, Hofmann JD, Bulitta B, Klawonn F, Michel AM, Jahn D, Neumann-Schaal M, Bruder D, Jänsch L. Clostridioides difficile Activates Human Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2532. [PMID: 30410474 PMCID: PMC6209678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes severe inflammatory responses at the intestinal mucosa but the immunological mechanisms underlying CDI-related immunopathology are still incompletely characterized. Here we identified for the first time that both, non-toxigenic strains as well as the hypervirulent ribotypes RT027 and RT023 of Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile), induced an effector phenotype in mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. MAIT cells can directly respond to bacterial infections by recognizing MR1-presented metabolites derived from the riboflavin synthesis pathway constituting a novel class of antigens. We confirmed functional riboflavin synthesis of C. difficile and found fixed bacteria capable of activating primary human MAIT cells in a dose-dependent manner. C. difficile-activated MAIT cells showed an increased and MR1-dependent expression of CD69, proinflammatory IFNγ, and the lytic granule components granzyme B and perforin. Effector protein expression was accompanied by the release of lytic granules, which, in contrast to other effector functions, was mainly induced by IL-12 and IL-18. Notably, this study revealed hypervirulent C. difficile strains to be most competent in provoking MAIT cell responses suggesting MAIT cell activation to be instrumental for the immunopathology observed in C. difficile-associated colitis. In conclusion, we provide first evidence for a link between C. difficile metabolism and innate T cell-mediated immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bernal
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Infection Immunology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,ESF Graduate School ABINEP, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia Danielle Hofmann
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Frank Klawonn
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Annika-Marisa Michel
- Department of Microbiology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Department of Microbiology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Infection Immunology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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