1
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Ran R, Trapecar M, Brubaker DK. Systematic Analysis of Human Colorectal Cancer scRNA-seq Revealed Limited Pro-tumoral IL-17 Production Potential in Gamma Delta T Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.18.604156. [PMID: 39071278 PMCID: PMC11275756 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.18.604156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells play a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity due to their cytotoxic properties. However, the role and extent of γδ T cells in production of pro-tumorigenic interleukin- 17 (IL-17) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. In this study, we re-analyzed nine published human CRC whole-tissue single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets, identifying 18,483 γδ T cells out of 951,785 total cells, in the neoplastic or adjacent normal tissue of 165 human CRC patients. Our results confirm that tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells exhibit high cytotoxicity-related transcription in both tumor and adjacent normal tissues, but critically, none of the γδ T cell clusters showed IL-17 production potential. We also identified various γδ T cell subsets, including Teff, TRM, Tpex, and Tex, and noted an increased expression of cytotoxic molecules in tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells compared to their normal area counterparts. Our work demonstrates that γδ T cells in CRC primarily function as cytotoxic effector cells rather than IL-17 producers, mitigating the concerns about their potential pro-tumorigenic roles in CRC, highlighting the importance of accurately characterizing these cells for cancer immunotherapy research and the unneglectable cross-species discrepancy between the mouse and human immune system in the study of cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ran
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Martin Trapecar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Douglas K. Brubaker
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- The Blood, Heart, Lung, and Immunology Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH
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2
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de Jong MJM, Depuydt MAC, Schaftenaar FH, Liu K, Maters D, Wezel A, Smeets HJ, Kuiper J, Bot I, van Gisbergen K, Slütter B. Resident Memory T Cells in the Atherosclerotic Lesion Associate With Reduced Macrophage Content and Increased Lesion Stability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1318-1329. [PMID: 38634281 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells are a T-cell subset that resides at the site of prior antigen recognition to protect the body against reoccurring encounters. Besides their protective function, TRM cells have also been implicated in inflammatory disorders. TRM cells are characterized by the expression of CD69 and transcription factors Hobit (homolog of Blimp-1 [B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1] in T cells) and Blimp-1. As the majority of T cells in the arterial intima expresses CD69, TRM cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis as well. Here, we aimed to assess the presence and potential role of TRM cells in atherosclerosis. METHODS To identify TRM cells in human atherosclerotic lesions, a single-cell RNA-sequencing data set was interrogated, and T-cell phenotypes were compared with that of integrated predefined TRM cells. The presence and phenotype of TRM in atherosclerotic lesions was corroborated using a mouse model that enabled tracking of Hobit-expressing TRM cells. To explore the function of TRM cells during atherogenesis, RAG1-/- (recombination activating gene 1 deficient) LDLr-/- (low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout) mice received a bone marrow transplant from HobitKO/CREBlimp-1flox/flox mice, which exhibit abrogated TRM cell formation, whereafter the mice were fed a Western-type diet for 10 weeks. RESULTS Human atherosclerotic lesions contained T cells that exhibited a TRM cell-associated gene signature. Moreover, a fraction of these T cells clustered together with predefined TRM cells upon integration. The presence of Hobit-expressing TRM cells in the atherosclerotic lesion was confirmed in mice. These lesion-derived TRM cells were characterized by the expression of CD69 and CD49α. Moreover, we demonstrated that this small T-cell subset significantly affects lesion composition, by reducing the amount of intralesional macrophages and increasing collagen content. CONCLUSIONS TRM cells, characterized by the expression of CD69 and CD49α, constitute a minor population in atherosclerotic lesions and are associated with increased lesion stability in a Hobit and Blimp-1 knockout mouse model.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Humans
- Memory T Cells/immunology
- Memory T Cells/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunologic Memory
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Phenotype
- Female
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/immunology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike J M de Jong
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Frank H Schaftenaar
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Kun Liu
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - David Maters
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Harm J Smeets
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Klaas van Gisbergen
- van Gisbergen Lab, Tissue Immunity, Champalimaud Research, Lisbon, Portugal (K.v.G.)
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
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3
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Rodger B, Stagg AJ, Lindsay JO. The role of circulating T cells with a tissue resident phenotype (ex-T RM) in health and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1415914. [PMID: 38817613 PMCID: PMC11137204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are long-lived memory lymphocytes that persist in non-lymphoid tissues and provide the first line of defence against invading pathogens. They adapt to their environment in a tissue-specific manner, exerting effective pathogen control through a diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cytolytic proteins. More recently, several studies have indicated that TRM can egress from the tissue into the blood as so-called "ex-TRM", or "circulating cells with a TRM phenotype". The numerically small ex-TRM population can re-differentiate in the circulation, giving rise to new memory and effector T cells. Following their egress, ex-TRM in the blood and secondary lymphoid organs can be identified based on their continued expression of the residency marker CD103, alongside other TRM-like features. Currently, it is unclear whether exit is a stochastic process, or is actively triggered in response to unknown factors. Also, it is not known whether a subset or all TRM are able to egress. Ex-TRM may be beneficial in health, as mobilisation of specialised TRM and their recruitment to both their site of origin as well as distant tissues results in an efficient distribution of the immune response. However, there is emerging evidence of a pathogenic role for ex-TRM, with a suggestion that they may perpetuate both local and distant tissue inflammation. Here, we review the evidence for the existence of ex-TRM and examine their potential involvement in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Rodger
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Stagg
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James O. Lindsay
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Beumer-Chuwonpad A, Behr FM, van Alphen FPJ, Kragten NAM, Hoogendijk AJ, van den Biggelaar M, van Gisbergen KPJM. Intestinal tissue-resident memory T cells maintain distinct identity from circulating memory T cells after in vitro restimulation. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350873. [PMID: 38501878 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Resident memory T (TRM) cells have been recently established as an important subset of memory T cells that provide early and essential protection against reinfection in the absence of circulating memory T cells. Recent findings showing that TRM expand in vivo after repeated antigenic stimulation indicate that these memory T cells are not terminally differentiated. This suggests an opportunity for in vitro TRM expansion to apply in an immunotherapy setting. However, it has also been shown that TRM may not maintain their identity and form circulating memory T cells after in vivo restimulation. Therefore, we set out to determine how TRM respond to antigenic activation in culture. Using Listeria monocytogenes and LCMV infection models, we found that TRM from the intraepithelial compartment of the small intestine expand in vitro after antigenic stimulation and subsequent resting in homeostatic cytokines. A large fraction of the expanded TRM retained their phenotype, including the expression of key TRM markers CD69 and CD103 (ITGAE). The optimal culture of TRM required low O2 pressure to maintain the expression of these and other TRM-associated molecules. Expanded TRM retained their effector capacity to produce cytokines after restimulation, but did not acquire a highly glycolytic profile indicative of effector T cells. The proteomic analysis confirmed TRM profile retention, including expression of TRM-related transcription factors, tissue retention factors, adhesion molecules, and enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism. Collectively, our data indicate that limiting oxygen conditions supports in vitro expansion of TRM cells that maintain their TRM phenotype, at least in part, suggesting an opportunity for therapeutic strategies that require in vitro expansion of TRM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Memory T Cells/immunology
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Mice
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Integrin alpha Chains/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Listeriosis/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytokines/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarina Beumer-Chuwonpad
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floris P J van Alphen
- Department of Research Facilities, Sanquin Research and Laboratory Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja A M Kragten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arie J Hoogendijk
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Long B, Zhou S, Gao Y, Fan K, Lai J, Yao C, Li J, Xu X, Yu S. Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Allergy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024; 66:64-75. [PMID: 38381299 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells constitute a distinct subset within the memory T cell population, serving as the vanguard against invading pathogens and antigens in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues, including the respiratory tract, intestines, and skin. Notably, TRM cells adapt to the specific microenvironment of each tissue, predominantly maintaining a sessile state with distinctive phenotypic and functional attributes. Their role is to ensure continuous immunological surveillance and protection. Recent findings have highlighted the pivotal contribution of TRM cells to the modulation of adaptive immune responses in allergic disorders such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis. A comprehensive understanding of the involvement of TRM cells in allergic diseases bears profound implications for allergy prevention and treatment. This review comprehensively explores the phenotypic characteristics, developmental mechanisms, and functional roles of TRM cells, focusing on their intricate relationship with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojin Long
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Shican Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yawen Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Ju Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xiayue Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Shaoqing Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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6
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Smith NP, Yan Y, Pan Y, Williams JB, Manakongtreecheep K, Pant S, Zhao J, Tian T, Pan T, Stingley C, Wu K, Zhang J, Kley AL, Sorger PK, Villani AC, Kupper TS. Resident memory T cell development is associated with AP-1 transcription factor upregulation across anatomical niches. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560006. [PMID: 37873428 PMCID: PMC10592877 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (T RM ) cells play a central role in immune responses to pathogens across all barrier tissues after infection. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive T RM differentiation and priming for their recall effector function remains unclear. In this study, we leveraged both newly generated and publicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) data generated across 10 developmental time points to define features of CD8 T RM across both skin and small-intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes (siIEL). We employed linear modeling to capture temporally-associated gene programs that increase their expression levels in T cell subsets transitioning from an effector to a memory T cell state. In addition to capturing tissue-specific gene programs, we defined a consensus T RM signature of 60 genes across skin and siIEL that can effectively distinguish T RM from circulating T cell populations, providing a more specific T RM signature than what was previously generated by comparing bulk T RM to naïve or non-tissue resident memory populations. This updated T RM signature included the AP-1 transcription factor family members Fos, Fosb and Fosl2 . Moreover, ATACseq analysis detected an enrichment of AP-1-specific motifs at open chromatin sites in mature T RM . CyCIF tissue imaging detected nuclear co-localization of AP-1 members Fosb and Junb in resting CD8 T RM >100 days post-infection. Taken together, these results reveal a critical role of AP-1 transcription factor members in T RM biology and suggests a novel mechanism for rapid reactivation of resting T RM in tissue upon antigen encounter.
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7
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Abdelbary M, Hobbs SJ, Gibbs JS, Yewdell JW, Nolz JC. T cell receptor signaling strength establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8 + T cells that control tissue-residency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3928. [PMID: 37402742 PMCID: PMC10319879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells are largely derived from recently activated effector T cells, but the mechanisms that control the extent of TRM differentiation within tissue microenvironments remain unresolved. Here, using an IFNγ-YFP reporter system to identify CD8+ T cells executing antigen-dependent effector functions, we define the transcriptional consequences and functional mechanisms controlled by TCR-signaling strength that occur within the skin during viral infection to promote TRM differentiation. TCR-signaling both enhances CXCR6-mediated migration and suppresses migration toward sphingosine-1-phosphate, indicating the programming of a 'chemotactic switch' following secondary antigen encounter within non-lymphoid tissues. Blimp1 was identified as the critical target of TCR re-stimulation that is necessary to establish this chemotactic switch and for TRM differentiation to efficiently occur. Collectively, our findings show that access to antigen presentation and strength of TCR-signaling required for Blimp1 expression establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8+ T cells to promote residency within non-lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Samuel J Hobbs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - James S Gibbs
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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8
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Taggenbrock RLRE, van Gisbergen KPJM. ILC1: Development, maturation, and transcriptional regulation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2149435. [PMID: 36408791 PMCID: PMC10099236 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are tissue-resident cells that partake in the regulation of inflammation and homeostasis. A major feature of ILC1s is their ability to rapidly respond after infections. The effector repertoire of ILC1s includes the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and cytotoxic mediators such as granzymes, which enable ILC1s to establish immune responses and to directly kill target cells. Recent advances in the characterization of ILC1s have considerably furthered our understanding of ILC1 development and maintenance in tissues. In particular, it has become clear how ILC1s operate independently from conventional natural killer cells, with which they share many characteristics. In this review, we discuss recent developments with regards to the differentiation, polarization, and effector maturation of ILC1s. These processes may underlie the observed heterogeneity in ILC1 populations within and between different tissues. Next, we highlight transcriptional programs that control each of the separate steps in the differentiation of ILC1s. These transcriptional programs are shared with other tissue-resident type-1 lymphocytes, such as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM ) and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT), highlighting that ILC1s utilize networks of transcriptional regulation that are conserved between lymphocyte lineages to respond effectively to tissue-invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske L R E Taggenbrock
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Schulz AM, Zebley CC, Youngblood B, Zehn D. Tapping the keg of discovery to advance T cell therapy. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:213-215. [PMID: 36631639 PMCID: PMC9838262 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Schulz
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.
| | - Caitlin C Zebley
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ben Youngblood
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.
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10
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Liang M, Wang X, Cai D, Guan W, Shen X. Tissue-resident memory T cells in gastrointestinal tumors: turning immune desert into immune oasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119383. [PMID: 36969190 PMCID: PMC10033836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) are a particular type of T cell subgroup, which stably reside in tissues and have been revealed to be the most abundant memory T cell population in various tissues. They can be activated in the local microenvironment by infection or tumor cells and rapidly clean them up to restore homeostasis of local immunity in gastrointestinal tissues. Emerging evidence has shown that tissue-resident memory T cells have great potential to be mucosal guardians against gastrointestinal tumors. Therefore, they are considered potential immune markers for immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors and potential extraction objects for cell therapy with essential prospects in clinical translational therapy. This paper systematically reviews the role of tissue-resident memory T cells in gastrointestinal tumors and looks to the future of their prospect in immunotherapy to provide a reference for clinical application.
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11
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Plunkett KR, Armitage JD, Inderjeeth AJ, McDonnell AM, Waithman J, Lau PKH. Tissue-resident memory T cells in the era of (Neo) adjuvant melanoma management. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1048758. [PMID: 36466880 PMCID: PMC9709277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1048758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have emerged as key players in the immune control of melanoma. These specialized cells are identified by expression of tissue retention markers such as CD69, CD103 and CD49a with downregulation of egress molecules such as Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-1 (S1PR1) and the lymphoid homing receptor, CD62L. TRM have been shown to be integral in controlling infections such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and influenza. More recently, robust pre-clinical models have also demonstrated TRM are able to maintain melanoma in a dormant state without progression to macroscopic disease reminiscent of their ability to control viral infections. The discovery of the role these cells play in anti-melanoma immunity has coincided with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy which has revolutionized the treatment of cancers. ICIs that target programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) have led to substantial improvements in outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma and have been rapidly employed to reduce recurrences in the resected stage III setting. While ICIs mediate anti-tumor activity via CD8+ T cells, the specific subsets that facilitate this response is unclear. TRM invariably exhibit high expression of immune checkpoints such as PD-1, CTLA-4 and lymphocyte activating gene-3 (LAG-3) which strongly implicates this CD8+ T cell subset as a crucial mediator of ICI activity. In this review, we present pre-clinical and translational studies that highlight the critical role of TRM in both immune control of primary melanoma and as a key CD8+ T cell subset that mediates anti-tumor activity of ICIs for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R. Plunkett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jesse D. Armitage
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Alison M. McDonnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Peter K. H. Lau
- Melanoma Discovery Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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