1
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Parra-Cadenas B, Bravo I, Ripoll Lorente MC, Ginés C, Elorriaga D, Carrillo-Hermosilla F. Boron Complexes with Propiolamidinato Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12120-12132. [PMID: 38873888 PMCID: PMC11220760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Two series of boron derivatives with propiolamidinato ligands, [BPh2{C(C≡CAr)(NR)2}] (Ar = Ph, p-MeOPh, p-FPh, p-Me2NPh, or phen; R = iPr or p-tolyl), were synthesized and structurally characterized. The corresponding propiolamidine (or propargylamidine) proligands have been obtained through sustainable methods. One is the catalytic hydroalkynylation of diisopropylcarbodiimide with different terminal alkynes, using simple ZnEt2 as a precatalyst. Alternatively, to obtain propiolamidines with aromatic groups on the nitrogen atoms, the formation of lithiated derivatives of terminal alkynes by reaction with n-BuLi in air and at room temperature, and subsequent addition to the di-p-tolylcarbodiimide, under the same conditions and using 2-MeTHF as a sustainable solvent, has been used for the first time. After reaction with BPh3, the corresponding boron amidinates were obtained, which are emissive in the solution state. The influence of the different substituents introduced into the ligands on the photophysical properties of the boron compounds has been studied. One of the obtained compounds can be used as a ratiometric fluorescent pH sensor in the acidic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Parra-Cadenas
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Grupo
FOTOAIR, Unidad nanoDrug, Departamento de Química-Física,
Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - M. Consuelo Ripoll Lorente
- Grupo
FOTOAIR, Unidad nanoDrug, Departamento de Química-Física,
Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos Ginés
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Elorriaga
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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2
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Gupta V, Singh S, Sachan SK, Maurya B, Char S, Prasad DLVK, Anantharaman G. Cyclic Palladium Formamidinate: Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Application to Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3811-3815. [PMID: 35192343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The deprotonation of acyclic palladium amidine chloride (1) with potassium tert-butoxide in tetrahydrofuran results in palladium bis(formamidinate) (2). 2 undergoes a nucleophilic addition reaction with acetonitrile in the presence of PdCl2 or Pd(OAc)2 (OAc = acetate) to give dinuclear cyclic six-membered (triazapentadiene)palladium complexes (4a and 4b). These compounds are also prepared from cyclic six-membered (tap)PdCl2 (5; tap = triazapentadiene) or formamidinium salts (6a-6c) with Pd(OAc)2/NaOAc in acetonitrile, whereas the direct reaction of 2 with acetonitrile or acrylonitrile resulted in palladium black or an acyclic C-N-coupled product (3). A comparison of structure 4 from 2 suggests a possible intermediate dinuclear palladium complex whose structure was identified through theoretical calculations. Further, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions were carried out under different solvents notably in an ethanol/water medium at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sadhana Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sharad Kumar Sachan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - BrijKishor Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Subhamoy Char
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Dasari L V K Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ganapathi Anantharaman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
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3
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O'Dea C, Ugarte Trejo O, Arras J, Ehnbom A, Bhuvanesh N, Stollenz M. Ethylene-Bridged Hexadentate Bis(amidines) and Bis(amidinates) with Variable Binding Sites. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14217-14226. [PMID: 31560534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hexadentate bis(amidines) form versatile networks of hydrogen bonds both in solid state and solution, as revealed by X-ray crystallography, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the corresponding bis(amidinates) produce blue and green emissions in THF solution. Tethered tetradentate bis(amidines) have emerged in coordination chemistry, enantioselective catalysis, as building blocks for polyfunctional heterocycles, and in photoluminescent materials. The next generation of flexible bis(amidine)/bis(amidinate) platforms with up to six N-donor sites has now been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor O'Dea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Kennesaw State University , 370 Paulding Avenue NW , MD #1203, Kennesaw , Georgia 30144 , United States
| | - Omar Ugarte Trejo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Kennesaw State University , 370 Paulding Avenue NW , MD #1203, Kennesaw , Georgia 30144 , United States
| | - Janet Arras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Kennesaw State University , 370 Paulding Avenue NW , MD #1203, Kennesaw , Georgia 30144 , United States
| | - Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 580 Ross Street , P.O. Box 30012, College Station , Texas 77842-3012 , United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 580 Ross Street , P.O. Box 30012, College Station , Texas 77842-3012 , United States
| | - Michael Stollenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Kennesaw State University , 370 Paulding Avenue NW , MD #1203, Kennesaw , Georgia 30144 , United States
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4
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Guifarro Calona CR, Filatov AS, Pedro B, Rybak-Akimova EV. Nickel Promoted Condensation of Acetamide and Benzonitrile for the Synthesis of an Imidoylamidine (N-NacNac) via Stable Imidoylamide Intermediate. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Pedro
- Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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5
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Pernik I, Maitland BJ, Stasch A, Jones C. Synthesis and attempted reductions of bulky 1,3,5-triazapentadienyl groups 2 and 13 halide complexes. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Three extremely bulky 1,3,5-triazapentadienes, ArNNNH (ArNNN = N{C(But)=N(Ar)}2; Ar = Mes (mesityl), Dep (2,6-diethylphenyl), or Dip (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)) have been prepared and structurally characterized. These are readily deprotonated, yielding a series of lithium and potassium triazapentadienyl complexes, one of which, (DipNNN)Li, has been structurally characterized. Similarly, three monomeric triazapentadienyl magnesium iodide complexes, (ArNNN)MgI(OEt2), and a dimeric calcium counterpart, {(MesNNN)Ca(THF)(μ-I)}2, have been prepared. Attempts to reduce the former gave homoleptic bis(triazapentadienyl) magnesium complexes, (ArNNN)2Mg (Ar = Mes or Dep) as the main products. One reaction also gave a very low yield of the magnesium(I) dimer, {(DepNNN)Mg–}2, which was structurally characterized. In related chemistry, two triazapentadienyl boron difluoride compounds, (ArNNN)BF2 (Ar = Mes or Dep), have been synthesized, and unsuccessful attempts have been made to reduce these to boron(I) heterocycles. For sake of comparison, attempts have been made to prepare a series of related amino-substituted β-diketiminato group 13 element(I) heterocycles. Although these were also not successful, several group 13 element(III) halide complexes incorporating this ligand class have been characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Pernik
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Brant J. Maitland
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Andreas Stasch
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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6
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Yousaf M, Yutronkie NJ, Castañeda R, Klein JA, Brusso J. Boratriazines: inducing luminescence through boron incorporation into a terpy-type framework. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02462b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and physicochemical properties of pyridyl and pyrimidyl functionalized 1,3,5,2-triazaborinines are reported, along with the Lewis acid–base adduct pyrimidine-2-carboximidamide trifluoroborane, which forms as a side product in the reaction with the pyrimidyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yousaf
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Nathan J. Yutronkie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Raúl Castañeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Jacob A. Klein
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Jaclyn Brusso
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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7
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Holtrichter-Rößmann T, Häger I, Daniliuc CG, Fröhlich R, Bergander K, Troll C, Rieger B, Rojas RS, Würthwein EU. Catalytically Active N-Acylamidine–Zirconium Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, and Application in Ethylene Polymerization. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Holtrichter-Rößmann
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Chemtura Organometallics GmbH, Ernst Schering Straße 14, D-59192 Bergkamen, Germany
| | - Ina Häger
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Troll
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - René S. Rojas
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22, Chile
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Wrobel AJ, Lucchesi R, Wibbeling B, Daniliuc CG, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. 1,3,5-Triazapentadienes by Nucleophilic Addition to 1,3- and 1,4-Dinitriles-Sterically Constrained Examples by Incorporation into Cyclic Peripheries: Synthesis, Aggregation, and Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2849-63. [PMID: 26987891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triazapentadienes usually show U- or twisted S-shaped conformations along the N-C-N-C-N skeleton due to dominating n/π* interactions. If, however, the 1,3,5-triazapentadiene unit is part of a ring, its W conformation might be restricted to the plane. Here, we describe the synthesis of 13 new 1,3,5-triazapentadienes 10-12, which are sterically restrained by incorporation into six- or seven-membered ring systems, by addition of a lithiated primary amine or hydrazine 5 to a dinitrile 7, 8, or 9 with the two cyano groups in 1,3 or 1,4 distance. These novel compounds show very strong tendency for aggregation due to hydrogen bonding, especially to form homodimers as seen from X-ray data in the solid state. Additional hydrogen bonding generates also linear chains in the crystal. Several of the new compounds show fluorescence in solution. Quantum chemical DFT calculations were used for evaluation of the dimerization energies and for interpretation of the photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Johanna Wrobel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucchesi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Wibbeling
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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Kulkarni NV, Das A, Ridlen SG, Maxfield E, Adiraju VAK, Yousufuddin M, Dias HVR. Fluorinated triazapentadienyl ligand supported ethyl zinc(ii) complexes: reaction with dioxygen and catalytic applications in the Tishchenko reaction. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:4896-906. [PMID: 26875862 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl zinc complexes [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]ZnEt, [N{(C3F7)C(Cy)N}2]ZnEt, [N{(CF3)C(2,4,6-Br3C6H2)N}2]ZnEt and [N{(C3F7)C(2,6-Cl2C6H3)N}2]ZnEt have been synthesized from the corresponding 1,3,5-triazapentadiene and diethyl zinc. X-ray data show that [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]ZnEt has a distorted trigonal planar geometry at the zinc center. The triazapentadienyl ligand binds to zinc in a κ(2)-mode. The zinc-ethyl bonds of [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]ZnEt, [N{(C3F7)C(Cy)N}2]ZnEt, [N{(CF3)C(2,4,6-Br3C6H2)N}2]ZnEt and [N{(C3F7)C(2,6-Cl2C6H3)N}2]ZnEt readily undergo oxygen insertion upon exposure to dry air to produce the corresponding zinc-ethoxy or zinc-ethylperoxy compounds. The ethoxy zinc adducts {[N{(CF3)C(2,4,6-Br3C6H2)N}2]ZnOEt}2 and {[N{(C3F7)C(2,6-Cl2C6H3)N}2]ZnOEt}2 as well as the ethylperoxy zinc adduct {[N{(C3F7)C(Cy)N}2]ZnOOEt}2 have been isolated and fully characterized by several methods including X-ray crystallography. They feature dinuclear structures with four-coordinate zinc sites and bridging-ethoxy or -ethylperoxy groups. The ethyl zinc complexes catalyze the Tishchenko reaction of benzaldehyde under solventless conditions affording benzyl benzoate. The reaction of ethyl zinc complexes with dioxygen and their catalytic behaviour in the Tishchenko reaction are affected by the electronic and steric factors of the triazapentadienyl ligand. {[N{(C3F7)C(Cy)N}2]ZnOOEt}2 is an excellent reagent for the epoxidation of trans-chalcone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen V Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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10
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Ivanov DM, Gushchin PV, Novikov AS, Avdontceva MS, Zolotarev AA, Starova GL, Chen Y, Liu S, Chou P, Kukushkin VY. Platinum(II)‐Mediated Double Coupling of 2,3‐Diphenylmaleimidine with Nitrile Functionalities To Give Annulated Pentaazanonatetraenate (PANT) Systems. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil M. Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Pavel V. Gushchin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Margarita S. Avdontceva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Andrey A. Zolotarev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Galina L. Starova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Yi‐Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, http://www.ch.ntu.edu.tw/~ptchou/
| | - Shih‐Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, http://www.ch.ntu.edu.tw/~ptchou/
| | - Pi‐Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, http://www.ch.ntu.edu.tw/~ptchou/
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, http://ptchemin.chem.spbu.ru/
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, V. O. Bolshoi Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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11
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Ribeiro APC, Karabach YY, Martins LMDRS, Mahmoud AG, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJL. Nickel(ii)-2-amino-4-alkoxy-1,3,5-triazapentadienate complexes as catalysts for Heck and Henry reactions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02989b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel(ii)-triazapentadienate complexes are synthesized and found to act as catalysts in the Heck and Henry reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. C. Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisbon
| | - Yauhen Yu Karabach
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisbon
| | - Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisbon
| | - Abdallah G. Mahmoud
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisbon
| | | | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisbon
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12
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Yu C, Hao E, Li T, Wang J, Sheng W, Wei Y, Mu X, Jiao L. Dipyrrolylquinoxaline difluoroborates with intense red solid-state fluorescence. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:13897-905. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02012c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dipyrrolylquinoxalines and their BF2 complexes were synthesized and characterized by their X-ray structural analysis, optical and electrochemical properties. These dyes exhibit strong broad absorption in the visible region and intensely tunable solid-state fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Tingting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Wanle Sheng
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Yun Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Xiaolong Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
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13
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Gupta V, Karthik V, Anantharaman G. Cyclic six-membered palladium complexes derived from palladium mediated C–N coupling of organonitrile and formamidine. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:758-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02721c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and structural characterizations of neutral, cationic and anionic six-membered palladium complexes obtained through palladium mediated C–N bond coupling between organonitrile and formamidinium salt are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur – 208016
- India
| | - Vedhagiri Karthik
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur – 208016
- India
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14
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Glotzbach C, Gödeke N, Fröhlich R, Daniliuc CG, Saito S, Yamaguchi S, Würthwein EU. Fluorescent benzene-centered mono-, bis- and tris-triazapentadiene–boron complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9659-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Chang MC, Roewen P, Travieso-Puente R, Lutz M, Otten E. Formazanate Ligands as Structurally Versatile, Redox-Active Analogues of β-Diketiminates in Zinc Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2014; 54:379-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5025873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Chieh Chang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Roewen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Travieso-Puente
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Bijvoet
Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Chen WT, Xu YP, Luo QY, Dai YK, Huang SL, Guo PY. Photophysical and electrochemical properties of a novel 4f–3d heterometallic porphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 4f-3d heterometallic porphyrin, [ TbCo ( TPPS ) H 3 O ]n (1) ( H 2 TPPS = tetra (4- sulfonatophenyl ) porphyrin ), has been synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure of 1 consists of [ TbCo ( TPPS ) H 3 O ]n molecules. The Tb 3+ ions are coordinated by eight oxygen atoms from eight sulfonic groups, yielding a distorted square anti-prism geometry. Compound 1 is characterized by a three-dimensional (3-D) porous open framework that is thermally stable up to 350°C. Compound 1 displays a fluorescent emission band in the ultraviolet region and its fluorescence lifetime is 1.14 ms. A slow scan CV curve of compound 1 reveals one reversible wave with E1/2 being equal to -0.78 V, which is close to the value -0.74 V of DPV diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tong Chen
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ya-Ping Xu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Luo
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Yan-Kang Dai
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Shan-Lin Huang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Pei-Yu Guo
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
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17
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Xie Q, Tong H, Zhou M. Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of novel 1,3,5-triazapentadienyl copper(II) complexes [N(2,6-iPr2-C6H3)C(NMe2)NC(NMe2)N(SiMe3)]CuCl and [N(Ph)C(NMe2)NC(NMe2)N(SiMe3)]2Cu. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Facile synthesis of 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-triazoles via copper-catalyzed domino nucleophilic substitution/oxidative cyclization using amidines or imidates as substrates. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Gao N, Cheng C, Yu C, Hao E, Wang S, Wang J, Wei Y, Mu X, Jiao L. Facile synthesis of highly fluorescent BF2 complexes bearing isoindolin-1-one ligand. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:7121-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of isoindolin-1-one based BF2 complexes containing pyridine or benzothiazole groups has been prepared from a “one-pot” reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixun Gao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu, China 241000
| | - Chi Cheng
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu, China 241000
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu, China 241000
| | - Erhong Hao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu, China 241000
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu, China 241000
| | - Jun Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu, China 241000
| | - Yun Wei
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu, China 241000
| | - Xiaolong Mu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu, China 241000
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu, China 241000
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20
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Zhao D, Li G, Wu D, Qin X, Neuhaus P, Cheng Y, Yang S, Lu Z, Pu X, Long C, You J. Regiospecific N-Heteroarylation of Amidines for Full-Color-Tunable Boron Difluoride Dyes with Mechanochromic Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Zhao D, Li G, Wu D, Qin X, Neuhaus P, Cheng Y, Yang S, Lu Z, Pu X, Long C, You J. Regiospecific N-Heteroarylation of Amidines for Full-Color-Tunable Boron Difluoride Dyes with Mechanochromic Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13676-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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23
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Bakthavachalam K, Reddy ND. Synthesis of Aluminum Complexes of Triaza Framework Ligands and Their Catalytic Activity toward Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om3011432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Bakthavachalam
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry
605014, India
| | - N. Dastagiri Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry
605014, India
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24
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Glotzbach C, Kauscher U, Voskuhl J, Kehr NS, Stuart MCA, Fröhlich R, Galla HJ, Ravoo BJ, Nagura K, Saito S, Yamaguchi S, Würthwein EU. Fluorescent Modular Boron Systems Based on NNN- and ONO-Tridentate Ligands: Self-Assembly and Cell Imaging. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4410-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4003745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Glotzbach
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr.
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kauscher
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr.
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Voskuhl
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr.
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - N. Seda Kehr
- Physical Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Heisenbergstrasse
11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Biophysical Chemistry, Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute,
9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr.
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans J. Galla
- Biochemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str.
2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr.
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kazuhiko Nagura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo,
Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shohei Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo,
Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo,
Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr.
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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25
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Liu F, Qiao X, Wang M, Zhou M, Tong H, Guo D, Liu D. Syntheses, crystal structures and properties of four iron and cobalt complexes bearing 1,3,5-triazapentadienyl ligands. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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27
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Kopylovich MN, Karabach YY, Guedes da Silva MFC, Figiel PJ, Lasri J, Pombeiro AJL. Alkoxy-1,3,5-triazapentadien(e/ato) Copper(II) Complexes: Template Formation and Applications for the Preparation of Pyrimidines and as Catalysts for Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Products. Chemistry 2011; 18:899-914. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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Peng KF, Chen CT. Synthesis, Structural Studies, and Catalytic Application of Palladium Complexes Containing Anilido-Oxazolinate Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Suzuki Y, Bakar A, Tanoi T, Nomura N, Sato M. Synthesis of unsymmetrical benzils using N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Clodt JI, Wigbers C, Reiermann R, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Synthesis and Aggregation Properties of Two- and Three-Armed Nitrogen-Rich Chelate Ligands: Novel Bis(N-acylamidines), Tris(N-acylamidines) and Bis(triazapentadienes) with Flexible or Rigid Spacers. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Kopylovich MN, Lasri J, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJL. PdII-Promoted Single-Pot Template Transformations of Benzonitriles, Cyanoguanidine and Sodium Dicyanamide with the Formation of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical (1,3,5-Triazapentadienate)palladium(II) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Kopylovich MN, Kirillov AM, Tronova EA, Haukka M, Kukushkin VY, Pombeiro AJL. 1,3,5-Triazapentadiene Nickel(II) Complexes Derived from a Ketoxime-Mediated Single-Pot Transformation of Nitriles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Figiel PJ, Kopylovich MN, Lasri J, da Silva MFCG, da Silva JJRF, Pombeiro AJL. Solvent-free microwave-assisted peroxidative oxidation of secondary alcohols to the corresponding ketones catalyzed by copper(ii) 2,4-alkoxy-1,3,5-triazapentadienato complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2766-8. [PMID: 20369176 DOI: 10.1039/b922738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł J Figiel
- Centro Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
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Boesveld WM, Hitchcock PB, Lappert MF. Varied reactions of [M(L)]3 with HgCl2, FeBr2, CeCl3, AgOTf; ligand transfer, nucleophilic attack with recombination and/or fragmentation [M = Li or Na; L = N(SiMe3){C(H)N}3SiMe3]. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:11444-50. [PMID: 19877706 DOI: 10.1021/ic901687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystalline compounds [Hg{N(R)C(H)NR}(2)] (1), [Fe(L)(2)](2) (2), [Ce(L)(2)Cl](2) (3), [(AlMe(2))(3){(N(R)C(H)NC(H)N)(2)C(H)NC(H)NR}] (4), and [Ag(8)Na{(N(R)C(H)N)(2)(C(H)N)(4)R}(3)] (5) were obtained from [Li(L)](3) (A) (for 1) or [Na(L)](3) (B) and HgCl(2), FeBr(2), CeCl(3), Al(Cl)Me(2), and AgOTf, respectively [L = N(R){C(H)N}(3)R; R = SiMe(3)]. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 were prepared in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 20 degrees C; for 4, it was C(6)H(14) at -78 degrees C. NMR data for 1 showed only a single SiMe(3) environment for 1, implicating a fast exchange process. Single crystal X-ray data showed dinuclear structures for 2 and 3. Each ligand [L](-) in crystalline 2 was bound to each of the two Fe atoms in a kappa(1)- or kappa(2)-fashion, respectively, with one NSiMe(3) group of the former unattached; this was consistent with VT (1)H NMR spectral data indicative of fast exchange (at 313 K) between axial kappa(1)- and equatorial kappa(2)-N,N'-coordination to Fe. The magnetic moment for 2 in C(6)H(6) was appropriate for high-spin octahedral Fe(II). The ligands [L](-) in crystalline 3 are arranged in a helical fashion. The NMR spectra of 4 in C(6)D(5)CD(3) showed that there is an equilibrium between two asymmetric structures; minor co-products were 4', assigned as a symmetrical isomer of 4, and N(R)C(H)NR(2). The anion of 5 is proposed to be identical to that of 4'. Routes to the ligands of 1, 4, 4', and 5 are suggested; the key feature is that the ligand [L](-), unless tethered in an appropriate metal-containing matrix (as in A, B, 2, or 3), is labile because of SiMe(3) mobility, fragmentation, and/or recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Marco Boesveld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
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Janich S, Fröhlich R, Wilken A, von Zamory J, Wakamiya A, Yamaguchi S, Würthwein EU. 3,4-Dihydro-3H-pyrrol-2-imines as Conformationally Restrained 1,3-Diazabutadienes: Synthesis, Structural Properties and Protonation. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Flores JA, Badarinarayana V, Singh S, Lovely CJ, Dias HVR. Synthesis and catalytic activity of an electron-deficient copper–ethylene triazapentadienyl complex. Dalton Trans 2009:7648-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b911981g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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