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Wang Y, Guo M, Xu X. Nanoproteases: Alternatives to Natural Protease for Biotechnological Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401178. [PMID: 38705854 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Some nanomaterials with intrinsic protease-like activity have the advantages of good stability, biosafety, low price, large-scale preparation and unique property of nanomaterials, which are promising alternatives for natural proteases in various applications. An especial term, "nanoprotease", has been coined to stress the intrinsic proteolytic property of these nanomaterials. As a new generation of artificial proteases, they have become a burgeoning field, attracting many researchers to design and synthesize high performance nanoproteases. In this review, we summarize recent progress on all types of nanoproteases with regard of their activity, mechanism and application and introduce a new and effective strategy for engineering high-performance nanoproteases. In addition, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of nanoprotease research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Mingxiu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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2
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Chakraborty A, Dash S, Thakur N, Agarwal V, Nayak D, Sarma TK. Polyoxometalate-Guanosine Monophosphate Hydrogels with Haloperoxidase-like Activity for Antibacterial Performance. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:104-118. [PMID: 38051745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Haloperoxidases represent an important class of enzymes that nature adopts as a defense mechanism to combat the colonial buildup of microorganisms on surfaces, commonly known as biofouling. Subsequently, there has been tremendous focus on the development of artificial haloperoxidase mimics that can catalyze the oxidation of X- (halide ion) in the presence of H2O2 to form HOX. The natural intermediate HOX disrupts the bacterial quorum sensing, thus preventing biofilm formation. Herein, we report a simple method for the formation of supramolecular hydrogels through the self-assembly of Keggin-structured polyoxometalates, phosphotungstic acid, and silicotungstic acid with the small biomolecule guanosine monophosphate (GMP) in an aqueous medium. The polyoxometalate-GMP hydrogels that contained highly entangled nanofibers were mechanically robust and showed thixotropic properties. The gelation of the polyoxometalates with GMP not only rendered manifold enhancement in biocompatibility but also the fibril network in the hydrogel provided high water wettability and the polyoxometalates acted as an efficient haloperoxidase mimic to trigger oxidative iodination, as demonstrated by a haloperoxidase assay. The antifouling activity of the phosphotungstic acid-GMP hydrogel was demonstrated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which showed enhanced antibacterial performance of the hydrogel as compared to the polyoxometalate alone. We envision that the polyoxometalate-GMP hydrogels may facilitate mechanically robust coatings in a simple pathway that can be useful for antifouling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Saswati Dash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Neha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Vidhi Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Tridib K Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
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3
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Salazar Marcano DE, Savić ND, Declerck K, Abdelhameed SAM, Parac-Vogt TN. Reactivity of metal-oxo clusters towards biomolecules: from discrete polyoxometalates to metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:84-136. [PMID: 38015569 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-oxo clusters hold great potential in several fields such as catalysis, materials science, energy storage, medicine, and biotechnology. These nanoclusters of transition metals with oxygen-based ligands have also shown promising reactivity towards several classes of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides, sugars, and lipids. This reactivity can be leveraged to address some of the most pressing challenges we face today, from fighting various diseases, such as cancer and viral infections, to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources. For instance, metal-oxo clusters and related materials have been shown to be effective catalysts for biomass conversion into renewable fuels and platform chemicals. Furthermore, their reactivity towards biomolecules has also attracted interest in the development of inorganic drugs and bioanalytical tools. Additionally, the structural versatility of metal-oxo clusters allows for the efficiency and selectivity of the biomolecular reactions they promote to be readily tuned, thereby providing a pathway towards reaction optimization. The properties of the catalyst can also be improved through incorporation into solid supports or by linking metal-oxo clusters together to form Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which have been demonstrated to be powerful heterogeneous catalysts. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the state of the art on biomolecular transformations promoted by metal-oxo clusters and their applications, with a particular focus on structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada D Savić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kilian Declerck
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Li B, Xu X, Lv Y, Wu Z, He L, Song YF. Polyoxometalates as Potential Artificial Enzymes toward Biological Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305539. [PMID: 37699754 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial enzymes, as alternatives to natural enzymes, have attracted enormous attention in the fields of catalysis, biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutics because of their high stability and low cost. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a class of inorganic metal oxides, have recently shown great potential in mimicking enzyme activity due to their well-defined structure, tunable composition, high catalytic efficiency, and easy storage properties. This review focuses on the recent advances in POM-based artificial enzymes. Different types of POMs and their derivatives-based mimetic enzyme functions are covered, as well as the corresponding catalytic mechanisms (where available). An overview of the broad applications of representative POM-based artificial enzymes from biosensing to theragnostic is provided. Insight into the current challenges and the future directions for POMs-based artificial enzymes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bole Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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5
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Serafim LF, Jayasinghe-Arachchige VM, Wang L, Rathee P, Yang J, Moorkkannur N S, Prabhakar R. Distinct chemical factors in hydrolytic reactions catalyzed by metalloenzymes and metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37366367 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The selective hydrolysis of the extremely stable phosphoester, peptide and ester bonds of molecules by bio-inspired metal-based catalysts (metallohydrolases) is required in a wide range of biological, biotechnological and industrial applications. Despite the impressive advances made in the field, the ultimate goal of designing efficient enzyme mimics for these reactions is still elusive. Its realization will require a deeper understanding of the diverse chemical factors that influence the activities of both natural and synthetic catalysts. They include catalyst-substrate complexation, non-covalent interactions and the electronic nature of the metal ion, ligand environment and nucleophile. Based on our computational studies, their roles are discussed for several mono- and binuclear metallohydrolases and their synthetic analogues. Hydrolysis by natural metallohydrolases is found to be promoted by a ligand environment with low basicity, a metal bound water and a heterobinuclear metal center (in binuclear enzymes). Additionally, peptide and phosphoester hydrolysis is dominated by two competing effects, i.e. nucleophilicity and Lewis acid activation, respectively. In synthetic analogues, hydrolysis is facilitated by the inclusion of a second metal center, hydrophobic effects, a biological metal (Zn, Cu and Co) and a terminal hydroxyl nucleophile. Due to the absence of the protein environment, hydrolysis by these small molecules is exclusively influenced by nucleophile activation. The results gleaned from these studies will enhance the understanding of fundamental principles of multiple hydrolytic reactions. They will also advance the development of computational methods as a predictive tool to design more efficient catalysts for hydrolysis, Diels-Alder reaction, Michael addition, epoxide opening and aldol condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo F Serafim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | | | - Lukun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Parth Rathee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | | | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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6
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Salazar Marcano D, Savić ND, Abdelhameed SAM, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Exploring the Reactivity of Polyoxometalates toward Proteins: From Interactions to Mechanistic Insights. JACS AU 2023; 3:978-990. [PMID: 37124292 PMCID: PMC10131212 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the study of the reactivity of metal-oxo clusters toward proteins showcase how fundamental insights obtained so far open new opportunities in biotechnology and medicine. In this Perspective, these studies are discussed through the lens of the reactivity of a family of soluble anionic metal-oxo nanoclusters known as polyoxometalates (POMs). POMs act as catalysts in a wide range of reactions with several different types of biomolecules and have promising therapeutic applications due to their antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. However, the lack of a detailed understanding of the mechanisms behind biochemically relevant reactions-particularly with complex biological systems such as proteins-still hinders further developments. Hence, in this Perspective, special attention is given to reactions of POMs with peptides and proteins showcasing a molecular-level understanding of the reaction mechanism. In doing so, we aim to highlight both existing limitations and promising directions of future research on the reactivity of metal-oxo clusters toward proteins and beyond.
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Abdelhameed SAM, de Azambuja F, Vasović T, Savić ND, Ćirković Veličković T, Parac-Vogt TN. Regioselective protein oxidative cleavage enabled by enzyme-like recognition of an inorganic metal oxo cluster ligand. Nat Commun 2023; 14:486. [PMID: 36717594 PMCID: PMC9887005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modifications of proteins are key to many applications in biotechnology. Metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions efficiently oxidize proteins but with low selectivity, and are highly dependent on the protein surface residues to direct the reaction. Herein, we demonstrate that discrete inorganic ligands such as polyoxometalates enable an efficient and selective protein oxidative cleavage. In the presence of ascorbate (1 mM), the Cu-substituted polyoxometalate K8[Cu2+(H2O)(α2-P2W17O61)], (CuIIWD, 0.05 mM) selectively cleave hen egg white lysozyme under physiological conditions (pH =7.5, 37 °C) producing only four bands in the gel electropherogram (12.7, 11, 10, and 5 kDa). Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis reveals a regioselective cleavage in the vicinity of crystallographic CuIIWD/lysozyme interaction sites. Mechanistically, polyoxometalate is critical to position the Cu at the protein surface and limit the generation of oxidative species to the proximity of binding sites. Ultimately, this study outlines the potential of discrete, designable metal oxo clusters as catalysts for the selective modification of proteins through radical mechanisms under non-denaturing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamara Vasović
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences & Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada D Savić
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tanja Ćirković Veličković
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences & Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.,Ghent University Global Campus, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea.,Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Bhasker-Ranganath S, Xu Y. Hydrolysis of Acetamide on Low-Index CeO 2 Surfaces: Ceria as a Deamidation and General De-esterification Catalyst. ACS Catal 2022; 12:10222-10234. [PMID: 36033367 PMCID: PMC9397537 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Using DFT calculations and acetamide as the main example,
we show
that ceria is a potential catalyst for the hydrolysis of amide and
similar bonds. The overall reaction is endergonic in the gas phase,
yielding acetic acid and ammonia, but is slightly exergonic in the
aqueous phase, which facilitates ionization of the products (CH3COO– and NH4+). Neighboring
Ce and O sites on the CeO2(111), (110), and (100) facets
are conducive to the formation of an activated metastable tetrahedral
intermediate (TI) complex, followed by C–N bond scission. With
van der Waals and solvation effects taken into account, the overall
reaction energetics is found to be most favorable on the (111) facet
as desorption of acetic acid is much more uphill energetically on
(110) and (100). We further suggest that the Ce–O–Ce
sites on ceria surfaces can activate X(=Y)–Z type bonds
in amides, amidines, and carboxylate and phosphate esters, among many
others that we term “generalized esters”. A Brønsted-Evans–Polanyi
relationship is identified correlating the stability of the transition
and final states of the X–Z generalized ester bond scission.
A simple descriptor (ΣΔχ) based on the electronegativity
of the atoms that constitute the bond (X, Y, Z) versus those of the
catalytic site (O, Ce, Ce) captures the trend in the stability of
the transition state of generalized ester bond scission and suggests
a direction for modifying ceria for targeting specific organic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bhasker-Ranganath
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Ye Xu
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Sheng R, Sun R, Chen L, Lv R, Li Y, Du T, Zhang Y, Qi Y. Recent Advances in Polyoxometalates with Enzyme-like Characteristics for Analytical Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:315-332. [PMID: 35549959 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2073432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Artificial enzymes based on inorganic solids with both enzyme-mimetic activities and the special material features has been a promising candidate to overcome many deleterious effects of native enzymes in analytical applications. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are an importance class of molecular metal-oxygen anionic clusters. Their outstanding physicochemical properties, versatility and potential applications in energy conversion, magnetism, catalysis, molecular electronics and biomedicine have long been studied. However, the analytical applications of them is limited. Recently, the intrinsic enzymatic activities of POMs have also been found and become an area of growing interest. In this review, along with other reports, we aimed to classify the enzymatic activity of POMs, summarize the construction of POMs-based enzymes, and survey their recent advances in analytical fields. Finally, the current challenges and trends of the polyoxometalates with enzymatic activity in future chemo-/bio-sensing applications are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtian Sheng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Ruimeng Sun
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Lv
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Ting Du
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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Abdelhameed SAM, Ly HGT, Moons J, de Azambuja F, Proost P, Parac-Vogt TN. Expanding the reactivity of inorganic clusters towards proteins: the interplay between the redox and hydrolytic activity of Ce(iv)-substituted polyoxometalates as artificial proteases. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10655-10663. [PMID: 34447559 PMCID: PMC8356750 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02760c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of soluble metal-oxo clusters to specifically interact with protein surfaces makes them attractive as potential inorganic drugs and as artificial enzymes. In particular, metal-substituted polyoxometalates (MS-POMs) are remarkably selective in hydrolyzing a range of different proteins. However, the influence of MS-POMs' redox chemistry on their proteolytic activity remains virtually unexplored. Herein we report a highly site-selective hydrolysis of hemoglobin (Hb), a large tetrameric globular protein, by a Ce(iv)-substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (CeIVK), and evaluate the effect of CeIVK's redox chemistry on its reactivity and selectivity as an artificial protease. At pH 5.0, incubation of Hb with CeIVK resulted in strictly selective protein hydrolysis at six Asp-X bonds, two of which were located in the α-chain (α(Asp75-Leu76) and α(Asp94-Pro95)) and five at the β-chain (β(Asp51-Ala52), β(Asp68-Ser69), β(Asp78-Asp79), β(Asp98-Pro99) and β(Asp128-Phe129)). However, increasing the pH of the reaction mixture to 7.4 decreased the CeIVK hydrolytic reactivity towards Hb, resulting in the cleavage of only one peptide bond (β(Asp128-Phe129)). Combination of UV-Vis, circular dichroism and Trp fluorescence spectroscopy indicated similar interactions between Hb and CeIVK at both pH conditions; however, 31P NMR spectroscopy showed faster reduction of CeIVK into the hydrolytically inactive CeIIIK form in the presence of protein at pH 7.4. In agreement with these results, careful mapping of all hydrolyzed Asp-X bonds on the protein structure revealed that the lower reactivity toward the α-chain was consistent with the presence of more redox-active amino acids (Tyr and His) in this subunit in comparison with the β-chain. This points towards a link between the presence of the redox-active sites on the protein surface and efficiency and selectivity of redox-active MS-POMs as artificial proteases. More importantly, the study provides a way to tune the redox and hydrolytic reactivity of MS-POMs towards proteins through adjustment of reaction parameters like temperature and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Giang T Ly
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University Can Tho Vietnam
| | - Jens Moons
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Paul Proost
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
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Azambuja FD, Moons J, Parac-Vogt TN. The Dawn of Metal-Oxo Clusters as Artificial Proteases: From Discovery to the Present and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1673-1684. [PMID: 33600141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selective cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins is of paramount importance in many areas of the biological and medical sciences, playing a key role in protein structure/function/folding analysis, protein engineering, and targeted proteolytic drug design. Current applications that depend on selective protein hydrolysis largely rely on costly proteases such as trypsin, which are sensitive to the pH, ionic strength, and temperature conditions. Moreover, >95% of peptides deposited in databases are generated from trypsin digests, restricting the information within the analyzed proteomes. On the other hand, harsh and toxic chemical reagents such as BrCN are very active but cause permanent modifications of certain amino acid residues. Consequently, transition-metal complexes have emerged as smooth and selective artificial proteases owing to their ability to provide larger fragments and complementary structural information. In the past decade, our group has discovered the unique protease activity of diverse metal-oxo clusters (MOC) and pioneered a distinctive approach to the development of selective artificial proteases. In contrast to classical coordination complexes which often depend on amino acid side chains to control the regioselectivity, the selectivity profile of MOCs is determined by a complex combination of structural factors, such as the protein surface charge, metal coordination to specific side chains, and hydrogen bonding between the protein surface and the MOC scaffold.In this Account, we present a critical overview of our detailed kinetic, spectroscopic, and crystallographic studies in MOC-assisted peptide bond hydrolysis, from its origins to the current rational and detailed mechanistic understanding. To this end, reactivity trends related to the structure and properties of MOCs based on the hydrolysis of small model peptides and key structural aspects governing the selectivity of protein hydrolysis are presented. Finally, our endeavors in seeking the next generation of heterogeneous MOC-based proteases are briefly discussed by embedding MOCs in metal-organic frameworks or using them as discrete nanoclusters in the development of artificial protease-like materials (i.e., nanozymes). The deep and comprehensive understanding sought experimentally and theoretically over the years in aqueous systems with intrinsic polar and charged substrates provides a unique view of the reactivity between inorganic moieties and biomolecules, thereby broadly impacting several different fields (e.g., catalysis in biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, and organic chemistry).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Broadening the Scope of Polyoxometalates as Artificial Proteases in Surfactant Solutions: Hydrolysis of Ovalbumin by Zr(IV)-Substituted Keggin Complex. INORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics9040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of catalysts for the selective hydrolysis of proteins is challenging, yet important for many applications in biotechnology and proteomics. The hydrolysis of hydrophobic proteins is particularly challenging, as due to their poor solubility, the use of surfactants is often required. In this study, the proteolytic potential of catalyst systems based on the Zr(IV)-substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (Et2NH2)10[Zr(PW11O39)2] (Zr-K 1:2) and three different surfactants (ionic SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate); zwitterionic Zw3-12 (n-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate); and CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate)), which differ in structure and polarity, has been investigated. Hydrolysis of ovalbumin (OVA) was examined in the presence of Zr-K 1:2 and surfactants by sodium dodecyl sulfate poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which showed the appearance of new polypeptide fragments at lower molecular weight, indicating that selective hydrolysis of OVA took place for all three catalyst systems. The same fragmentation pattern was observed, showing that the selectivity was not affected by surfactants. However, the surfactants influenced the performance of the catalyst. Hence, the interactions of OVA with surfactants and Zr-K 1:2 were investigated using different techniques such as tryptophan fluorescence, Circular Dichroism, and Dynamic Light Scattering. The speciation of the catalyst in surfactant solutions was also followed by 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy providing insight into its stability under reaction conditions.
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Solé-Daura A, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Robinson D, Hirst JD, Carbó JJ. Origin of Selectivity in Protein Hydrolysis by Zr(IV)-Containing Metal Oxides as Artificial Proteases. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Solé-Daura
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Robinson
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Hirst
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge J. Carbó
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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14
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Quanten T, Savić ND, Parac-Vogt TN. Hydrolysis of Peptide Bonds in Protein Micelles Promoted by a Zirconium(IV)-Substituted Polyoxometalate as an Artificial Protease. Chemistry 2020; 26:11170-11179. [PMID: 32515831 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of artificial proteases is challenging, but important for many applications in modern proteomics and biotechnology. The hydrolysis of hydrophobic or unstructured proteins is particularly difficult due to their poor solubility, which often requires the presence of surfactants. Herein, it is shown that a zirconium(IV)-substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (POM), (Et2 NH2 )10 [Zr(α-PW11 O39 )2 ] (1), is able to selectively hydrolyze β-casein, which is an intrinsically unstructured protein at pH 7.4 and 60 °C. Four surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (ZW3-12), 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), and polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether (TX-100)), which differ in the nature of their polar groups, were investigated for their role in influencing the selectivity and efficiency of protein hydrolysis. Under experimental conditions, β-casein forms micellar structures in which the hydrophilic part of the protein is water accessible and able to interact with 1. Identical fragmentation patterns of β-casein in the presence of 1 were observed through SDS poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis both in the presence and absence of surfactants, but the rate of hydrolysis varied, depending on the nature of surfactant. Whereas TX-100 surfactant, which has a neutral polar head, caused only a slight decrease in the hydrolysis rate, stronger inhibition was observed in the presence surfactants with charges in their polar heads (CHAPS, ZW3-12, SDS). These results were consistent with those of tryptophan fluorescencequenching studies, which showed that the binding between β-casein and 1 decreased with increasing repulsion between the POM and the polar heads of the surfactants. In all cases, the micellar structure of β-casein was not significantly affected by the presence of POM or surfactants, as indicated by circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Quanten
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nada D Savić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Van Rompuy LS, Savić ND, Rodriguez A, Parac-Vogt TN. Selective Hydrolysis of Transferrin Promoted by Zr-Substituted Polyoxometalates. Molecules 2020; 25:E3472. [PMID: 32751602 PMCID: PMC7435656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrolysis of the iron-binding blood plasma glycoprotein transferrin (Tf) has been examined at pH = 7.4 in the presence of a series of Zr-substituted polyoxometalates (Zr-POMs) including Keggin (Et2NH2)10[Zr(PW11O39)2]∙7H2O (Zr-K 1:2), (Et2NH2)8[{α-PW11O39Zr-(μ-OH) (H2O)}2]∙7H2O (Zr-K 2:2), Wells-Dawson K15H[Zr(α2-P2W17O61)2]·25H2O (Zr-WD 1:2), Na14[Zr4(α-P2W16O59)2(μ3-O)2(μ-OH)2(H2O)4]·57H2O (Zr-WD 4:2) and Lindqvist (Me4N)2[ZrW5O18(H2O)3] (Zr-L 1:1), (nBu4N)6[(ZrW5O18(μ-OH))2]∙2H2O (Zr-L 2:2)) type POMs. Incubation of transferrin with Zr-POMs resulted in formation of 13 polypeptide fragments that were observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), but the hydrolysis efficiency varied depending on the nature of Zr-POMs. Molecular interactions between Zr-POMs and transferrin were investigated by using a range of complementary techniques such as tryptophan fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), 31P-NMR spectroscopy, in order to gain better understanding of different efficiency of investigated Zr-POMs. A tryptophan fluorescence quenching study revealed that the most reactive Zr-WD species show the strongest interaction toward transferrin. The CD results demonstrated that interaction of Zr-POMs and transferrin in buffer solution result in significant secondary structure changes. The speciation of Zr-POMs has been followed by 31P-NMR spectroscopy in the presence and absence of transferrin, providing insight into stability of the catalysts under reaction condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (L.S.V.R.); (N.D.S.); (A.R.)
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16
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Abdelhameed SAM, Vandebroek L, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Redox Activity of Ce(IV)-Substituted Polyoxometalates toward Amino Acids and Peptides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10569-10577. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurens Vandebroek
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Moons J, Azambuja F, Mihailovic J, Kozma K, Smiljanic K, Amiri M, Cirkovic Velickovic T, Nyman M, Parac‐Vogt TN. Discrete Hf
18
Metal‐oxo Cluster as a Heterogeneous Nanozyme for Site‐Specific Proteolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Francisco Azambuja
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jelena Mihailovic
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Belgrade Studentski trg 16 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Karoly Kozma
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331-4003 USA
| | - Katarina Smiljanic
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Belgrade Studentski trg 16 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Mehran Amiri
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331-4003 USA
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Belgrade Studentski trg 16 11000 Belgrade Serbia
- Ghent University Global Campus Incheon South Korea
- Ghent University Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent Belgium
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Belgrade Serbia
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331-4003 USA
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18
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Moons J, de Azambuja F, Mihailovic J, Kozma K, Smiljanic K, Amiri M, Cirkovic Velickovic T, Nyman M, Parac-Vogt TN. Discrete Hf 18 Metal-oxo Cluster as a Heterogeneous Nanozyme for Site-Specific Proteolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9094-9101. [PMID: 32154631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The selective hydrolysis of proteins by non-enzymatic catalysis is difficult to achieve, yet it is crucial for applications in biotechnology and proteomics. Herein, we report that discrete hafnium metal-oxo cluster [Hf18 O10 (OH)26 (SO4 )13 ⋅(H2 O)33 ] (Hf18 ), which is centred by the same hexamer motif found in many MOFs, acts as a heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient hydrolysis of horse heart myoglobin (HHM) in low buffer concentrations. Among 154 amino acids present in the sequence of HHM, strictly selective cleavage at only 6 solvent accessible aspartate residues was observed. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the hydrolytic activity is likely derived from the actuation of HfIV Lewis acidic sites and the Brønsted acidic surface of Hf18 . X-ray scattering and ESI-MS revealed that Hf18 is completely insoluble in these conditions, confirming the HHM hydrolysis is caused by a heterogeneous reaction of the solid Hf18 cluster, and not from smaller, soluble Hf species that could leach into solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jelena Mihailovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karoly Kozma
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA
| | - Katarina Smiljanic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mehran Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.,Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA
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19
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Hu Q, Jayasinghe‐Arachchige VM, Sharma G, Serafim LF, Paul TJ, Prabhakar R. Mechanisms of peptide and phosphoester hydrolysis catalyzed by two promiscuous metalloenzymes (insulin degrading enzyme and glycerophosphodiesterase) and their synthetic analogues. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida
| | | | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida
| | | | - Thomas J. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida
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20
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de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Water-Tolerant and Atom Economical Amide Bond Formation by Metal-Substituted Polyoxometalate Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Hu JJ, Wang L, Chen BN, Chi GX, Zhao MJ, Li Y. Transition Metal Substituted Polyoxometalates as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Hu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering; Jimei University; 361021 Xiamen P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering; Jimei University; 361021 Xiamen P.R. China
| | | | - Guo-Xiang Chi
- College of Food and Biological Engineering; Jimei University; 361021 Xiamen P.R. China
| | - Mei-Juan Zhao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering; Jimei University; 361021 Xiamen P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering; Jimei University; 361021 Xiamen P.R. China
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22
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Anyushin AV, Sap A, Quanten T, Proost P, Parac-Vogt TN. Selective Hydrolysis of Ovalbumin Promoted by Hf(IV)-Substituted Wells-Dawson-Type Polyoxometalate. Front Chem 2018; 6:614. [PMID: 30619823 PMCID: PMC6305993 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity and selectivity of Wells-Dawson type polyoxometalate (POM), K16[Hf(α2-P2W17O61)2]·19H2O (Hf1-WD2), have been examined with respect to the hydrolysis of ovalbumin (OVA), a storage protein consisting of 385 amino acids. The exact cleavage sites have been determined by Edman degradation experiments, which indicated that Hf1-WD2 POM selectively cleaved OVA at eight peptide bonds: Phe13-Asp14, Arg85-Asp86, Asn95-Asp96, Ala139-Asp140, Ser148-Trp149, Ala361-Asp362, Asp362-His363, and Pro364-Phe365. A combination of spectroscopic methods including 31P NMR, Circular Dichroism (CD), and Tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to gain better understanding of the observed selective cleavage and the underlying hydrolytic mechanism. 31P NMR spectra have shown that signals corresponding to Hf1-WD2 gradually broaden upon addition of OVA and completely disappear when the POM-protein molar ratio becomes 1:1, indicating formation of a large POM/protein complex. CD demonstrated that interactions of Hf1-WD2 with OVA in the solution do not result in protein unfolding or denaturation even upon adding an excess of POM. Trp fluorescence spectroscopy measurements revealed that the interaction of Hf1-WD2 with OVA (Kq = 1.1 × 105 M−1) is both quantitatively and qualitatively slightly weaker than the interaction of isostructural Zr-containing Wells-Dawson POM (Zr1-WD2) with human serum albumin (HAS) (Kq = 5.1 × 105 M−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Anyushin
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Sap
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Quanten
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Van Rompuy LS, Parac-Vogt TN. Interactions between polyoxometalates and biological systems: from drug design to artificial enzymes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 58:92-99. [PMID: 30529815 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates have long been studied in a variety of biological applications. Interactions between the highly charged POM molecules and biological molecules frequently occur through hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions. Tellurium-centred Anderson-Evans POMs show exceptional promise as crystallization agents, while acidic and metal-substituted POMs may provide interesting alternatives to enzymes in proteomics applications. While POMs also show interesting results in a number of medicinal applications, for example as anti-amyloid agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and as anti-tumoral agents, their use is often impeded by their toxicity. Many recent studies have therefore focussed on POM-functionalization to reduce toxicity and increase activity by addition of biological targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Van Rompuy
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Effect of [Zr(α-PW11O39)2]10− Polyoxometalate on the Self-Assembly of Surfactant Molecules in Water Studied by Fluorescence and DOSY NMR Spectroscopy. INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic fragmentation of hydrophobic proteins by polyoxometalates (POMs) requires the presence of surfactants in order to increase the solubility of the protein. Depending on the nature of the surfactant, different effects on the kinetics of protein hydrolysis are observed. As the molecular interactions between the POMs and surfactants in solutions have been scarcely explored, in this study, the interaction between the catalytically active Keggin polyoxometalate [Zr(α-PW11O39)2]10− and four different surfactants—sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecyldimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium (Zw3-12), dodecyldimethyl(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium (CHAPS), and polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether (TX-100)—have been studied in aqueous media. The effect of polyoxometalate on the self-assembly of surfactant molecules into micelles and on the critical micellar concentration (CMC) has been examined by fluorescence spectroscopy and diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY).
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25
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Jayasinghe‐Arachchige VM, Hu Q, Sharma G, Paul TJ, Lundberg M, Quinonero D, Parac‐Vogt TN, Prabhakar R. Hydrolysis of chemically distinct sites of human serum albumin by polyoxometalate: A hybrid QM/MM (ONIOM) study. J Comput Chem 2018; 40:51-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiaoyu Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146
| | - Thomas J. Paul
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry ‐ Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 751 21, Uppsala Sweden
| | - David Quinonero
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | | | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146
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26
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Quanten T, De Mayaer T, Shestakova P, Parac-Vogt TN. Selectivity and Reactivity of Zr IV and Ce IV Substituted Keggin Type Polyoxometalates Toward Cytochrome c in Surfactant Solutions. Front Chem 2018; 6:372. [PMID: 30211153 PMCID: PMC6121075 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the effect of three different types of surfactants, on the hydrolysis of Cytochrome c (Cyt c), a predominantly α helical protein containing a heme group, promoted by [Ce(α PW11O39)2]10- (CeK) and [Zr(α PW11O39)2]10- (ZrK) polyoxometalates. In the presence of SDS, Zw3 12, or CHAPS surfactants, which are commonly used for solubilizing hydrophobic proteins, the specificity of CeK or ZrK toward hydrolysis of Cyt c does not change. However, the hydrolysis rate of Cyt c by CeK was increased in the presence of SDS, but decreased in the presence of CHAPS, and was nearly inhibited in the presence of Zw3 12. The Circular dichroism and Tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy have shown that the structural changes in Cyt c caused by surfactants are similar to those caused by POMs, hence the same specificity in the absence or presence of surfactants was observed. The results also indicate that for Cyt c hydrolysis to occur, large unfolding of the protein is needed in order to accommodate the POMs. While SDS readily unfolds Cyt c, the protein remains largely folded in the presence of CHAPS and Zw3 12. Addition of POMs to Cyt c solutions in CHAPS results in unfolding of the structure allowing the interaction with POMs to occur and results in protein hydrolysis. Zw3 12, however, locks Cyt c in a conformation that resists unfolding upon addition of POM, and therefore results in nearly complete inhibition of protein hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Quanten
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tessa De Mayaer
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pavletta Shestakova
- NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Vandebroek L, De Zitter E, Ly HGT, Conić D, Mihaylov T, Sap A, Proost P, Pierloot K, Van Meervelt L, Parac-Vogt TN. Protein-Assisted Formation and Stabilization of Catalytically Active Polyoxometalate Species. Chemistry 2018; 24:10099-10108. [PMID: 29797738 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the protein environment on the formation and stabilization of an elusive catalytically active polyoxometalate (POM) species, K6 [Hf(α2 -P2 W17 O61 )] (1), is reported. In the co-crystal of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) with 1, the catalytically active monomeric species is observed, originating from the dimeric 1:2 POM form, while it is intrinsically unstable under physiological pH conditions. The protein-assisted dissociation of the dimeric POM was rationalized by means of DFT calculations. The dissociation process is unfavorable in bulk water, but becomes favorable in the protein-POM complex due to the low dielectric response at the protein surface. The crystal structure shows that the monomeric form is stabilized by electrostatic and water-mediated hydrogen bonding interactions with the protein. It interacts at three distinct sites, close to the aspartate-containing hydrolysis sites, demonstrating high selectivity towards peptide bonds containing this residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Vandebroek
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke De Zitter
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hong Giang Thi Ly
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dragan Conić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tzvetan Mihaylov
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Sap
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Herestraat 49 box 1042, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristine Pierloot
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Paul TJ, Parac-Vogt TN, Quiñonero D, Prabhakar R. Investigating Polyoxometalate–Protein Interactions at Chemically Distinct Binding Sites. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7219-7232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | | | - David Quiñonero
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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29
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Wang G, Chen T, Wang X, Ma H, Pang H. High-Performance Supercapacitor Afforded by a High-Connected Keggin-Based 3D Coordination Polymer. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology; College of Heilongjiang Province; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; 150040 Harbin China
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Band gap Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Physics and Electronic Engineering; Harbin Normal University; 150025 Harbin China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology; College of Heilongjiang Province; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; 150040 Harbin China
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Band gap Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Physics and Electronic Engineering; Harbin Normal University; 150025 Harbin China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology; College of Heilongjiang Province; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; 150040 Harbin China
| | - Huiyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology; College of Heilongjiang Province; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; 150040 Harbin China
| | - Haijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology; College of Heilongjiang Province; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; 150040 Harbin China
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30
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Ly HGT, Parac-Vogt TN. Spectroscopic Study of the Interaction between Horse Heart Myoglobin and Zirconium(IV)-Substituted Polyoxometalates as Artificial Proteases. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2451-2458. [PMID: 28675658 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A recent study [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 7391-7394] has shown that horse heart myoglobin (HHM) is selectively hydrolyzed by a range of zirconium(IV)-substituted polyoxometalates (POMs) under mild conditions. In this study, the molecular interactions between the Zr-POM catalysts and HHM are investigated by using a range of complementary techniques, including circular dichroism (CD), UV/Vis spectroscopy, tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, and 1 H and 31 P NMR spectroscopy. A tryptophan fluorescence quenching study reveals that, among all examined Zr-POMs, the most reactive POM, 2:2 ZrIV -Keggin, exhibits the strongest interaction with HHM. 31 P NMR spectroscopy studies show that this POM dissociates in solution, resulting in the formation of a monomeric 1:1 ZrIV -Keggin structure, which is likely to be a catalytically active species. In the presence of ZrIV -POMs, HHM does not undergo complete denaturation, as evidenced by CD, UV/Vis, tryptophan fluorescence, and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. CD spectroscopy shows a gradual decrease in the α-helical content of HHM upon addition of ZrIV -POMs. The largest effect is observed in the presence of a large ZrIV -Wells-Dawson structure, whereas small ZrIV -Lindqvist POM has the least influence on the decrease in the α-helical content of HHM. In all cases, the Soret band at λ=409 nm is maintained in the presence of all examined Zr-POMs, which indicates that no conformational changes in the protein occur near the heme group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Giang T Ly
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Sap A, Vandebroek L, Goovaerts V, Martens E, Proost P, Parac-Vogt TN. Highly Selective and Tunable Protein Hydrolysis by a Polyoxometalate Complex in Surfactant Solutions: A Step toward the Development of Artificial Metalloproteases for Membrane Proteins. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2026-2033. [PMID: 30023653 PMCID: PMC6044816 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study represents the first example of protein hydrolysis at pH = 7.4 and 60 °C by a metal-substituted polyoxometalate (POM) in the presence of a zwitterionic surfactant. Edman degradation results show that in the presence of 0.5% w/v 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) detergent, a Zr(IV)-substituted Wells-Dawson-type POM, K15H[Zr(α2-P2W17O61)2]·25H2O (Zr1-WD2), selectively hydrolyzes human serum albumin exclusively at peptide bonds involving Asp or Glu residues, which contain carboxyl groups in their side chains. The selectivity and extent of protein cleavage are tuned by the CHAPS surfactant by an unfolding mechanism that provides POM access to the hydrolyzed peptide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Sap
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens Vandebroek
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Goovaerts
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49,
Box 1042, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49,
Box 1042, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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