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Leng Y, Britten CN, Tarannum F, Foley K, Billings C, Liu Y, Walters KB. Stimuli-Responsive Phosphate Hydrogel: A Study on Swelling Behavior, Mechanical Properties, and Application in Expansion Microscopy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:37687-37701. [PMID: 39281925 PMCID: PMC11391540 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus-based stimuli-responsive hydrogels have potential in a wide range of applications due to their ionizable phosphorus groups, biocompatibility, and tunable swelling capacity utilizing hydrogel design parameters and external stimuli. In this study, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate) (PMOEP) hydrogels were synthesized via aqueous activators regenerated by electron transfer atomic transfer radical polymerization using ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. Swelling and deswelling behaviors of PMOEP hydrogels were examined in different salt solutions, pH conditions, and temperatures. The degree of swelling in salt solutions followed CaCl2 < MgCl2 < KCl < NaCl with a decrease in swelling rate at higher concentrations until reaching a saturation point. In water, the degree of swelling increased significantly around neutral pH and remained constant at basic pH values. The effects of polymerization conditions, including pH, temperature (30, 40, 50 °C), and MOEP concentration (40, 50, 60% v/v MOEP/H2O), on the hydrogel swelling behavior in various salt solutions were also investigated. PMOEP hydrogels showed a decrease in the degree of swelling as the pH was increased above the native pH of the monomer solution. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were utilized to examine the microstructure and chemical composition of the dried hydrogel after salt solution swelling. Cytotoxicity testing using rat bone marrow stem cells confirmed the biocompatibility of the PMOEP hydrogels. A unique feature of this effort was evaluation of these phosphate hydrogels for use in expansion microscopy where a significant twofold enhancement in cellular expansion capacity was showcased utilizing 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the stimuli-responsive behavior and expansion characteristics of phosphate hydrogels, highlighting their potential in diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokly Leng
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Collin N Britten
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Fatema Tarannum
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Kayla Foley
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Christopher Billings
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Yingtao Liu
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Keisha B Walters
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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2
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Su H, Chen Y, Jing X, Zhao X, Sun H, Liu Z, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Guan H, Meng L. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Nanoplatform for Effective Management of Infected Wounds. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302868. [PMID: 37925607 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Burn wound healing continues to pose significant challenges due to excessive inflammation, the risk of infection, and impaired tissue regeneration. In this regard, an antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory nanocomposite (called HPA) that combines a nanosystem using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and the natural polyphenol of Phloretin with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is developed. HPA effectively disperses AgNPs to mitigate any toxicity caused by aggregation while also showing the pharmacological activities of Phloretin. During the initial stage of wound healing, HPA rapidly releases silver ions from its surface to suppress bacterial activity. Moreover, these nanoparticles are pH-sensitive and degrade efficiently in the acidic infection microenvironment, gradually releasing Phloretin. This sustained release of Phloretin helps scavenge overexpressed reactive oxygen species in the infected microenvironment area, thus reducing the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The antibacterial activity, free radical clearance, and regulation of inflammatory factors of HPA through in vitro experiments are validated. Additionally, its effects using an infectious burn mouse model in vivo are evaluated. HPA is found to promote collagen deposition and epithelialization in the wound area. With its synergistic antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as favorable biocompatibilities, HPA shows great promise as a safe and effective multifunctional nanoplatform for burn injury wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining Su
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xunan Jing
- Department of Talent Highland, Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Heng Sun
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yao Qiu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zuoliang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Department of Talent Highland, Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Su X, Jing X, Jiang W, Li M, Liu K, Teng M, Ma Y, Wang D, Meng L, Zhang Y, Ji W. Polyphosphazene nanodrugs for targeting delivery and inflammation responsive release of curcumin to treat acute lung injury by effectively inhibiting cytokine storms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 229:113446. [PMID: 37481805 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
An excessive inflammatory response induced by cytokine storms is the primary reason for the deterioration of patients with acute lung injury (ALI). Though natural polyphenols such as curcumin (CUR) have anti-inflammation activity for ALI treatment, they often have limited efficacy due to their poor solubility in water and oxidising tendency. This study investigates a highly cross-linked polyphosphazene nano-drug (PHCH) developed by copolymerisation of CUR and acid-sensitive units (4-hydroxy-benzoic acid (4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide, D-HBD) with hexachlorotripolyphosphonitrile (HCCP) for improved treatment of ALI. PHCH can prolong the blood circulation time and targeted delivery into lung inflammation sites by enhancing CUR's water dispersion and anti-oxidant properties. PHCH also demonstrates the inflammation-responsive release of CUR in an inflammation environment due to the acid-responsive degradation of hydrazine bonds and triphosphonitrile rings in PHCH. Therefore, PHCH has a substantial anti-inflammation activity for ALI treatment by synergistically improving CUR's water-solubility, bioavailability and biocompatibility. As expected, PHCH attenuates the cytokine storm syndrome and alleviates inflammation in the infected cells and tissues by down-regulating several critical inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8). PHCH also decreases the expression of p-p65 and C-Caspase-1, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes and suppressing NF-κB signalling pathways. The administrated mice experiments confirmed that PHCH accumulation was enhanced in lung tissue and showed the efficient scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS), effectively blocking the cytokine storm and alleviating inflammatory damage in ALI. This smart polyphosphazene nano-drug with targeting delivery property and inflammation-responsive release of curcumin has excellent potential for the clinical treatment of various inflammatory diseases, including ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xunan Jing
- Department of Talent Highland, Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Wanting Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Menghao Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yayun Ma
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Daquan Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Talent Highland, Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Yingang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Wenchen Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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4
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Anwar S, Mir F, Yokota T. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Cell-Penetrating Peptide Conjugation, Chemical Modification, and Carrier-Based Delivery Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041130. [PMID: 37111616 PMCID: PMC10140998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapies are a promising approach for treating a wide range of hard-to-treat diseases, particularly genetic and rare diseases. These therapies involve the use of short synthetic sequences of DNA or RNA that can modulate gene expression or inhibit proteins through various mechanisms. Despite the potential of these therapies, a significant barrier to their widespread use is the difficulty in ensuring their uptake by target cells/tissues. Strategies to overcome this challenge include cell-penetrating peptide conjugation, chemical modification, nanoparticle formulation, and the use of endogenous vesicles, spherical nucleic acids, and smart material-based delivery vehicles. This article provides an overview of these strategies and their potential for the efficient delivery of oligonucleotide drugs, as well as the safety and toxicity considerations, regulatory requirements, and challenges in translating these therapies from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Anwar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Farin Mir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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Ajvazi E, Bauer F, Kracalik M, Hild S, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Poly[bis(serine ethyl ester)phosphazene] regulates the degradation rates of vinyl ester photopolymers. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-023-03042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractVinyl esters and carbonates have recently been demonstrated to have considerably lower cytotoxicity than their more commonly used (meth)acrylate counterparts, inspiring their use in the 3D printing of biomaterials. However, the degradation rates of such synthetic photopolymers are slow, especially in the mild conditions present in many biological environments. Some applications, for example, tissue regeneration scaffolds and drug release, require considerably faster biodegradation. Furthermore, it is essential to be able to easily tune the degradation rate to fit the requirements for a range of applications. Herein we present the design and synthesis of hydrolytically degradable polyphosphazenes substituted with a vinyl carbonate functionalized amino acid. Thiolene copolymerization with vinyl esters gave cured polymers which are demonstrated to considerably accelerate the degradation rates of cured vinylester/thiolene polymer scaffolds.
Graphical abstract
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6
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Knight BM, Edgar KJ, De Yoreo JJ, Dove PM. Chitosan as a Canvas for Studies of Macromolecular Controls on CaCO 3 Biological Crystallization. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1078-1102. [PMID: 36853173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of how macromolecules, typically as an organic matrix, nucleate and grow crystals to produce functional biomineral structures remains elusive. Advances in structural biology indicate that polysaccharides (e.g., chitin) and negatively charged proteoglycans (due to carboxyl, sulfate, and phosphate groups) are ubiquitous in biocrystallization settings and play greater roles than currently recognized. This review highlights studies of CaCO3 crystallization onto chitinous materials and demonstrates that a broader understanding of macromolecular controls on mineralization has not emerged. With recent advances in biopolymer chemistry, it is now possible to prepare chitosan-based hydrogels with tailored functional group compositions. By deploying these characterized compounds in hypothesis-based studies of nucleation rate, quantitative relationships between energy barrier to crystallization, macromolecule composition, and solvent structuring can be determined. This foundational knowledge will help researchers understand composition-structure-function controls on mineralization in living systems and tune the designs of new materials for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna M Knight
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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7
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Brito J, Andrianov AK, Sukhishvili SA. Factors Controlling Degradation of Biologically Relevant Synthetic Polymers in Solution and Solid State. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5057-5076. [PMID: 36206552 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The field of biodegradable synthetic polymers, which is central for regenerative engineering and drug delivery applications, encompasses a multitude of hydrolytically sensitive macromolecular structures and diverse processing approaches. The ideal degradation behavior for a specific life science application must comply with a set of requirements, which include a clinically relevant kinetic profile, adequate biocompatibility, benign degradation products, and controlled structural evolution. Although significant advances have been made in tailoring materials characteristics to satisfy these requirements, the impacts of autocatalytic reactions and microenvironments are often overlooked resulting in uncontrollable and unpredictable outcomes. Therefore, roles of surface versus bulk erosion, in situ microenvironment, and autocatalytic mechanisms should be understood to enable rational design of degradable systems. In an attempt to individually evaluate the physical state and form factors influencing autocatalytic hydrolysis of degradable polymers, this Review follows a hierarchical analysis that starts with hydrolytic degradation of water-soluble polymers before building up to 2D-like materials, such as ultrathin coatings and capsules, and then to solid-state degradation. We argue that chemical reactivity largely governs solution degradation while diffusivity and geometry control the degradation of bulk materials, with thin "2D" materials remaining largely unexplored. Following this classification, this Review explores techniques to analyze degradation in vitro and in vivo and summarizes recent advances toward understanding degradation behavior for traditional and innovative polymer systems. Finally, we highlight challenges encountered in analytical methodology and standardization of results and provide perspective on the future trends in the development of biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brito
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland20850, United States
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
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8
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Gascón E, Otal I, Maisanaba S, Llana-Ruiz-Cabello M, Valero E, Repetto G, Jones PG, Oriol L, Jiménez J. Gold(I) metallocyclophosphazenes with antibacterial potency and antitumor efficacy. Synergistic antibacterial action of a heterometallic gold and silver-cyclophosphazene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13657-13674. [PMID: 36040292 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important uses of phosphazenes today involves its biomedical applications. They can also be employed as scaffolds for the design and construction of a variety of ligands in order to coordinate them to metallic drugs. The coordination chemistry of the (amino)cyclotriphosphazene ligand, [N3P3(NHCy)6], towards gold(I) complexes has been studied. Neutral complexes, [N3P3(NHCy)6{AuX}n] (X = Cl or C6F5; n = 1 or 2) (1-4), cationic complexes, [N3P3(NHCy)6{Au(PR3)}n](NO3)n (PR3 = PPh3, PPh2Me, TPA; n = 1, 2 or 3) (6-12) [TPA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane] and a heterometallic compound [N3P3(NHCy)6{Au(PPh3)}2{Ag(PPh3)}](NO3)3 (13) have been obtained and characterized by various methods including single-crystal X-ray diffraction for 7, which confirms the coordination of gold atoms to the nitrogens of the phosphazene ring. Compounds 1, 4, 6-13 were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity against two tumor human cell lines, MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and for antimicrobial activity against five bacterial species including Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Mycobacteria. Both the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values are among the lowest found for any gold or silver derivatives against the cell lines and particularly against the Gram-positive (S. aureus) strain and the mycobacteria used in this work. Structure-activity relationships are discussed in order to determine the influence of ancillary ligands and the number and type of metal atoms (silver or gold). Compounds 4 and 8 showed not only maximal potency on human cells but also some tumour selectivity. Remarkably, compound 13, with both gold and silver atoms, showed outstanding activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (nanomolar range), thus having a cooperative effect between gold and silver, with MIC values which are similar or lower than those of gentamicine, ciprofloxacin and rifampicine. The broad spectrum antimicrobial efficacy of all these metallophosphazenes and particularly of heterometallic compound 13 could be very useful to obtain materials for surfaces with antimicrobial properties that are increasingly in demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gascón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Isabel Otal
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Maisanaba
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área de Toxicología, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área de Toxicología, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo Repetto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área de Toxicología, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luis Oriol
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Josefina Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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9
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Data S, Leung Wai J, Kumar S, Cameron AJ, Trehet M, Itumoh EJ, Feld J, Söhnel T, Leitao EM. The Step‐Wise Synthesis of Oligomeric Phosphoramidates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Data
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jeffery Leung Wai
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Saawan Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Alan J. Cameron
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland 3b Symonds St 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Manon Trehet
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Emeka J. Itumoh
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - Joey Feld
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - Erin M. Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
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10
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Hammond SM, Aartsma‐Rus A, Alves S, Borgos SE, Buijsen RAM, Collin RWJ, Covello G, Denti MA, Desviat LR, Echevarría L, Foged C, Gaina G, Garanto A, Goyenvalle AT, Guzowska M, Holodnuka I, Jones DR, Krause S, Lehto T, Montolio M, Van Roon‐Mom W, Arechavala‐Gomeza V. Delivery of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics: challenges and opportunities. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13243. [PMID: 33821570 PMCID: PMC8033518 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics that regulate gene expression have been developed towards clinical use at a steady pace for several decades, but in recent years the field has been accelerating. To date, there are 11 marketed products based on antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers and small interfering RNAs, and many others are in the pipeline for both academia and industry. A major technology trigger for this development has been progress in oligonucleotide chemistry to improve the drug properties and reduce cost of goods, but the main hurdle for the application to a wider range of disorders is delivery to target tissues. The adoption of delivery technologies, such as conjugates or nanoparticles, has been a game changer for many therapeutic indications, but many others are still awaiting their eureka moment. Here, we cover the variety of methods developed to deliver nucleic acid-based therapeutics across biological barriers and the model systems used to test them. We discuss important safety considerations and regulatory requirements for synthetic oligonucleotide chemistries and the hurdles for translating laboratory breakthroughs to the clinic. Recent advances in the delivery of nucleic acid-based therapeutics and in the development of model systems, as well as safety considerations and regulatory requirements for synthetic oligonucleotide chemistries are discussed in this review on oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Alves
- Department of Human Genetics, Research and Development UnitNational Health Institute Doutor Ricardo JorgePortoPortugal
| | - Sven E Borgos
- Department of Biotechnology and NanomedicineSINTEF ASTrondheimNorway
| | - Ronald A M Buijsen
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Giuseppina Covello
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Michela A Denti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM‐CSICCIBERER, IdiPazUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | | | - Camilla Foged
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Gisela Gaina
- Victor Babes National Institute of PathologyBucharestRomania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Alejandro Garanto
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PediatricsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Magdalena Guzowska
- Department of Physiological SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Irina Holodnuka
- Institute of Microbiology and VirologyRiga Stradins UniversityRigaLatvia
| | | | - Sabine Krause
- Department of NeurologyFriedrich‐Baur‐InstituteLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Taavi Lehto
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular MedicineDepartment of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Marisol Montolio
- Duchenne Parent Project EspañaMadridSpain
- Department of Cell Biology, Fisiology and ImmunologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Willeke Van Roon‐Mom
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Virginia Arechavala‐Gomeza
- Neuromuscular Disorders GroupBiocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
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11
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Fiedler C, Ulbricht C, Truglas T, Wielend D, Bednorz M, Groiss H, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I, Salinas Y. Reversible Speed Regulation of Self-Propelled Janus Micromotors via Thermoresponsive Bottle-Brush Polymers. Chemistry 2021; 27:3262-3267. [PMID: 33205559 PMCID: PMC7898474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a reversible braking system for micromotors that can be controlled by small temperature changes (≈5 °C). To achieve this, gated-mesoporous organosilica microparticles are internally loaded with metal catalysts (to form the motor) and the exterior (partially) grafted with thermosensitive bottle-brush polyphosphazenes to form Janus particles. When placed in an aqueous solution of H2 O2 (the fuel), rapid forward propulsion of the motors ensues due to decomposition of the fuel. Conformational changes of the polymers at defined temperatures regulate the bubble formation rate and thus act as brakes with considerable deceleration/acceleration observed. As the components can be easily varied, this represents a versatile, modular platform for the exogenous velocity control of micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fiedler
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Christoph Ulbricht
- Institute of Physical Chemistry-Linz Institute for Organic Solar CellsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Tia Truglas
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscale Phase TransformationsCenter of Surface and NanoanalyticsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Dominik Wielend
- Institute of Physical Chemistry-Linz Institute for Organic Solar CellsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Mateusz Bednorz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry-Linz Institute for Organic Solar CellsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Heiko Groiss
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscale Phase TransformationsCenter of Surface and NanoanalyticsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
- Linz Institute of TechnologyJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Yolanda Salinas
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
- Linz Institute of TechnologyJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
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12
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Sagdic G, Daglar O, Gunay US, Cakmakci E, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. Practical phosphorylation of polymers: an easy access to fully alcohol soluble synthetically and industrially important polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00726b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the phosphorylation of synthetically and industrially important polymers is introduced to the polymer community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Sagdic
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Ozgun Daglar
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Ufuk Saim Gunay
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Emrah Cakmakci
- Department of Chemistry
- Marmara University
- 34722 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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13
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Pelosi C, Tinè MR, Wurm FR. Main-chain water-soluble polyphosphoesters: Multi-functional polymers as degradable PEG-alternatives for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Salinas Y, Kneidinger M, Fornaguera C, Borrós S, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Dual stimuli-responsive polyphosphazene-based molecular gates for controlled drug delivery in lung cancer cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27305-27314. [PMID: 35516962 PMCID: PMC9055533 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03210g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A switchable silane derived stimuli-responsive bottle-brush polyphosphazene (PPz) was prepared and attached to the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The hybrid polymer with PEG-like Jeffamine® M-2005 side-arms undergo conformational changes in response to both pH and temperature due to its amphiphilic substituents and protonatable main-chain, hence were investigated as a gatekeeper. Safranin O as control fluorophore or the anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) were encapsulated in the PPz-coated MSNs. At temperatures below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the swollen conformation of PPz efficiently blocked the cargo within the pores. However, above the LCST, the PPz collapsed, allowing release of the payload. Additionally, protonation of the polymer backbone at lower pH values was observed to enhance opening of the pores from the surface of the MSNs and therefore the release of the dye. In vitro studies demonstrated the ability of these nanoparticles loaded with the drug camptothecin to be endocytosed in both models of tumor (A549) and healthy epithelial (BEAS-2B) lung cells. Their accumulation and the release of the chemotherapeutic drug, co-localized within lysosomes, was faster and higher for tumor than for healthy cells, further, the biocompatibility of PPz-gated nanosystem without drug was demonstrated. Tailored dual responsive polyphosphazenes thus represent novel and promising candidates in the construction of future gated mesoporous silica nanocarriers designs for lung cancer-directed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Salinas
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU) Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
- Linz Institute of Technology (LIT), Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU) Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Michael Kneidinger
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU) Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Cristina Fornaguera
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) Via Augusta 390 Barcelona 08017 Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) Via Augusta 390 Barcelona 08017 Spain
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU) Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU) Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
- Linz Institute of Technology (LIT), Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU) Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
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15
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Gascón E, Maisanaba S, Otal I, Valero E, Repetto G, Jones PG, Jiménez J. (Amino)cyclophosphazenes as Multisite Ligands for the Synthesis of Antitumoral and Antibacterial Silver(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2464-2483. [PMID: 31984738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the multisite (amino)cyclotriphosphazene ligands, [N3P3(NHCy)6] and [N3P3(NHCy)3(NMe2)3], has been explored in order to obtain silver(I) metallophosphazene complexes. Two series of cationic silver(I) metallophosphazenes were obtained and characterized: [N3P3(NHCy)6{AgL}n](TfO)n [n = 2, L = PPh3 (2), PPh2Me (4); n = 3, L = PPh3 (3), PPh2Me (5), TPA (TPA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane, 6)] and nongem-trans-[N3P3(NHCy)3(NMe2)3{AgL}n](TfO)n [n = 2, L = PPh3 (7), PPh2Me (9); n = 3, L = PPh3 (8), PPh2Me (10)]. 5, 7, and 9 have also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thereby allowing key bonding information to be obtained. Compounds 2-6, 9, and 10 were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity against two tumor human cell lines, MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and for antimicrobial activity against five bacterial species including Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Mycobacteria strains. Both the IC50 and MIC values revealed excellent biological activity for these metal complexes, compared with their precursors and cisplatin and also AgNO3 and silver sulfadiazine, respectively. Both IC50 and MIC values are among the lowest values found for any silver derivatives against the cell lines and bacterial strains used in this work. The structure-activity relationships were clear. The most cytotoxic and antimicrobial derivatives were those with the triphenylphosphane and [N3P3(NHCy)6] ligands. A significant improvement in the activity was also observed upon a rise in the number of silver atoms linked to the phosphazene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gascón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Sara Maisanaba
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área de Toxicología , Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Ctra. Utrera, Km 1 , 41013 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Isabel Otal
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública , Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza 50009 , Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III , CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias , E-28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Eva Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área Nutrición y Bromatología , Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Ctra. Utrera, Km 1 , 41013 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Guillermo Repetto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área de Toxicología , Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Ctra. Utrera, Km 1 , 41013 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , D-38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Josefina Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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16
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Kneidinger M, Iturmendi A, Ulbricht C, Truglas T, Groiss H, Teasdale I, Salinas Y. Mesoporous Silica Micromotors with a Reversible Temperature Regulated On-Off Polyphosphazene Switch. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900328. [PMID: 31637803 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of an extraneous on-off braking system is necessary for the effective motion control of the next generation of micrometer-sized motors. Here, the design and synthesis of micromotors is reported based on mesoporous silica particles containing bipyridine groups, introduced by cocondensation, for entrapping catalytic cobalt(II) ions within the mesochannels, and functionalized on the surface with silane-derived temperature responsive bottle-brush polyphosphazene. Switching the polymers in a narrow temperature window of 25-30 °C between the swollen and collapsed state, allows the access for the fuel H2 O2 contained in the dispersion medium to cobalt(II) bipyridinato catalyst sites. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is monitored by optical microscopy, and effectively operated by reversibly closing or opening the pores by the grafted gate-like polyphosphazene, to control on demand the oxygen bubble generation. This design represents one of the few examples using temperature as a trigger for the reversible on-off external switching of mesoporous silica micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kneidinger
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Ulbricht
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.,Institute of Physical Chemistry-Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Tia Truglas
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscale Phase Transformations Center of Surface and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Heiko Groiss
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscale Phase Transformations Center of Surface and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Yolanda Salinas
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
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17
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Ogueri KS, Escobar Ivirico JL, Li Z, Blumenfield RH, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Synthesis, Physicochemical Analysis, and Side Group Optimization of Degradable Dipeptide-Based Polyphosphazenes as Potential Regenerative Biomaterials. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2019; 1:1568-1578. [PMID: 32699835 PMCID: PMC7375698 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and physicochemical analysis of mixed-substituent dipeptide-based polyphosphazene polymers, poly[(glycineethylglycinato) x (phenylphenoxy) y phosphazene] (PNGEG x PhPh y ) and poly[(ethylphenylalanato) x (glycineethylglycinato) y phosphazene] (PNEPA x GEG y ), using glycylglycine ethyl ester (GEG) as the primary substituent side group and cosubstituting with phenylphenol (PhPh) and phenylalanine ethyl ester (EPA), respectively. The suitability of the cosubstituted polyphosphazenes to regenerative engineering was evaluated. The physicochemical evaluation revealed that the molecular weights, glass transition temperatures, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties could be modulated by varying the compositions of the side groups to obtain a variety of properties. The PNEPA25GEG75 and PNGEG75PhPh25 polymers exhibited the most promising physicochemical properties. These two polymers were further subjected to in vitro hydrolysis and cell proliferation studies using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLAGA) as a control. The hydrolysis experiments revealed that the two polymers hydrolyzed to near-neutral pH media (~5.3 to 7.0) in a relatively slow fashion, whereas a pH value as low as 2.2 was obtained for the PLAGA media over 12 weeks of degradation study. Furthermore, the two polymers showed continuous MC3T3 cell proliferation and growth in comparison to PLAGA over a 21-day culture period. These findings establish that cosubstitution of different side groups of polyphosphazenes and exploitation of the hydrogen-bonding capacity of peptide bonds in GEG offer a flexible tool that can be employed to make new and fascinating polymeric biomaterials with different and tailored properties that can suit different regenerative needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Connecticut Convergence Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Jorge L. Escobar Ivirico
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Connecticut Convergence Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Zhongjing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Riley H. Blumenfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemical Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Connecticut Convergence Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
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18
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Dera R, Diliën H, Billen B, Gagliardi M, Rahimi N, Van Den Akker NMS, Molin DGM, Grandfils C, Adriaensens P, Guedens W, Cleij TJ. Phosphodiester Hydrogels for Cell Scaffolding and Drug Release Applications. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900090. [PMID: 31166090 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the major structural role phosphodiesters play in the organism it is surprising they have not been more widely adopted as a building block in sophisticated biomimetic hydrogels and other biomaterials. The potential benefits are substantial: phosphoester-based materials show excellent compatibility with blood, cells, and a remarkable resistance to protein adsorption that may trigger a foreign-body response. In this work, a novel class of phosphodiester-based ionic hydrogels is presented which are crosslinked via a phosphodiester moiety. The material shows good compatibility with blood, supports the growth and proliferation of tissue and presents opportunities for use as a drug release matrix as shown with fluorescent model compounds. The final gel is produced via base-induced elimination from a phosphotriester precursor, which is made by the free-radical polymerization of a phosphotriester crosslinker. This crosslinker is easily synthesized via multigram one-pot procedures out of common laboratory chemicals. Via the addition of various comonomers the properties of the final gel may be tuned leading to a wide range of novel applications for this exciting class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dera
- IMO, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hanne Diliën
- Sensor Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Chemelot Center Court, Gebouw 200, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Brecht Billen
- IMO, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Mick Gagliardi
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke M S Van Den Akker
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel G M Molin
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Grandfils
- Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 11, B-4000, Liège (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- IMO, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wanda Guedens
- IMO, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Thomas J Cleij
- Sensor Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Chemelot Center Court, Gebouw 200, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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