1
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Zhao P, Liang Q, Hu C, Jiang YF, Chang XY, Wang L, Mei Y, Duan Z. Probing the Electron Accepting Ability of Phosphaphenalenes. Chemistry 2024:e202401853. [PMID: 38825564 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Phosphaphenalenes, extended π conjugates with the incorporation of phosphorus, are attractive avenues towards molecular materials for the applications in organic electronics, but their electron accepting ability have not been investigated. Herein we present systematic studies on the reductive behavior of a representative phosphaphenalene and its oxide by chemical and electrochemical methods. The chemical reduction of the phosphaphenalene by alkali metals reveals the facile P-C bond cleavage to form phosphaphenalenide anion, which functions as a transfer block for structure modification on the phosphorus atom. In contrast, the pentavalent P-oxide reacts with one or two equivalents of elemental sodium to form stable radical anion and dianion salts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- College of Chemistry, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001
| | - Qiuming Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguan Key Laboratory for Data Science and Intelligent Medicine, Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ya-Fei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Chemistry, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguan Key Laboratory for Data Science and Intelligent Medicine, Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001
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2
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Xu S, Mi R, Zheng G, Li X. Cobalt- or rhodium-catalyzed synthesis of 1,2-dihydrophosphete oxides via C-H activation and formal phosphoryl migration. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6012-6021. [PMID: 38665527 PMCID: PMC11040647 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00649f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A highly stereo- and chemoselective intermolecular coupling of diverse heterocycles with dialkynylphosphine oxides has been realized via cobalt/rhodium-catalyzed C-H bond activation. This protocol provides an efficient synthetic entry to functionalized 1,2-dihydrophosphete oxides in excellent yields via the merger of C-H bond activation and formal 1,2-migration of the phosphoryl group. Compared with traditional methods of synthesis of 1,2-dihydrophosphetes that predominantly relied on stoichiometric metal reagents, this catalytic system features high efficiency, a relatively short reaction time, atom-economy, and operational simplicity. Photophysical properties of selected 1,2-dihydrophosphete oxides are also disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU) Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Mi
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Guangfan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU) Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
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3
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Simoens A, Kaczmarek AM, Machado IP, Van Hecke K, Stevens CV. Versatile Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization to access new luminescent azaphosphaphenalene motifs. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303072. [PMID: 38308544 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Using a straightforward sequence of diphosphonylation and a Pd-catalysed concerted-metalation-deprotonation (CMD), a synthetic strategy towards polyaromatic phosphorus containing heterocycles was developed. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of new azaphosphaphenalenes, using easily accessible palladium catalysts and starting materials. The key tetrahydroquinoline intermediates of the reaction were synthesised via a fast and effective procedure and could be isolated as such, or further reacted towards the target polyaromatic structures. The obtained products showed interesting luminescent properties and their emission, excitation and quantum yields were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Simoens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna M Kaczmarek
- NanoSensing Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ian P Machado
- NanoSensing Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Wu SF, Zhang GK, Wang X, He ZJ, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Diastereoselective (4 + 1) Cycloaddition of o-Hydroxyphenyl-Substituted Secondary Phosphine Oxides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16497-16510. [PMID: 37982674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The first organocatalytic diastereoselective (4 + 1) cycloaddition of o-hydroxyphenyl-substituted secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs) has been established, which makes use of o-hydroxyphenyl substituted SPOs as suitable four-atom phosphorus-containing 1,4-dinucleophiles and 3-indolylformaldehydes as competent 1,1-dielectrophiles under Bro̷nsted acid catalysis. The reaction mechanism was suggested to involve the formation of 3-indolylmethanol intermediates and vinyliminium intermediates, which played an important role in controlling the reactivity and diastereoselectivity of the (4 + 1) cycloaddition under Bro̷nsted acid catalysis. By this approach, a series of benzo oxaphospholes bearing P- and C-stereocenters were synthesized in moderate to good yields (50%-95% yields) with excellent diastereoselectivities (all >95:5 dr). This reaction not only represents the first organocatalytic diastereoselective (4 + 1) cycloaddition of o-hydroxyphenyl-substituted SPOs but also provides an efficient and diastereoselective method for the construction of phosphorus-containing benzo five-membered heterocyclic skeletons bearing both P-stereocenter and C-stereocenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fang Wu
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Guo-Ke Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhuo-Jing He
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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5
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Haketa Y, Yamasumi K, Maeda H. π-Electronic ion pairs: building blocks for supramolecular nanoarchitectonics viaiπ- iπ interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7170-7196. [PMID: 37795542 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The pairing of charged π-electronic systems and their ordered arrangement have been achieved by iπ-iπ interactions that are derived from synergetically worked electrostatic and dispersion forces. Charged π-electronic systems that provide ion pairs as building blocks for assemblies have been prepared by diverse strategies for introducing charge in the core π-electronic systems. One method to prepare charged π-electronic systems is the use of covalent bonding that makes π-electronic ions and valence-mismatched metal complexes as well as protonated and deprotonated states. Noncovalent ion complexation is another method used to create π-electronic ions, particularly for anion binding, producing negatively charged π-electronic systems. Charged π-electronic systems afford various ion pairs, consisting of both cationic and anionic π-systems, depending on their combinations. Geometries and electronic states of the constituents in π-electronic ion pairs affect the photophysical properties and assembling modes. Recent progress in π-electronic ion pairs has revealed intriguing characteristics, including the transformation into radical pairs through electron transfer and the magnetic properties influenced by the countercations. Furthermore, the assembly states exhibit diversity as observed in crystals and soft materials including liquid-crystal mesophases. While the chemistry of ion pairs (salts) is well-established, the field of π-electronic ion pairs is relatively new; however, it holds great promise for future applications in novel materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
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6
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de Cózar A, Romero-Nieto C. Boundaries of the Hyperconjugation from π-Extended Six-Membered Phosphorus Heterocycles. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4097-4105. [PMID: 36848525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
In the context of materials science, six-membered phosphorus heterocycles are intriguing building blocks due to their tunable properties through phosphorus post-functionalization and their unique hyperconjugative effects arising from the phosphorus substituents that contribute to further tuning the optoelectronic properties of the system. Seeking for the discovery of improved materials, the latter features have triggered an astonishing evolution of molecular architectures based on phosphorus heterocycles. Theoretical calculations showed that the hyperconjugation causes a reduction in the S0-S1 gap, which strongly depends on the nature of both the P-substituent and the π-conjugated core, but where are the limits? Outlining the hyperconjugative effects of six-membered phosphorus heterocycles would allow scientists to know how to design next-generation organophosphorus systems with enhanced properties. Herein, we discovered that, in cationic six-membered phosphorus heterocycles, an increase in the hyperconjugation does not affect the S0-S1 gap anymore; i.e., quaternizing the phosphorus atoms leads to properties that go beyond those provoked by hyperconjugative effects. DFT calculations revealed that the latter is particularly marked in phosphaspiro derivatives. Our detailed investigations spotlight the potential of π-extended systems based on six-membered phosphorus spiroheterocycles for accessing properties beyond those achieved to date through hyperconjugative effects, thus laying the groundwork for new research possibilities toward improved organophosphorus systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel de Cózar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco and DIPC (Donostia International Physics Center), P. K. 1072, E-20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitët Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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7
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Regulska E, Hindenberg P, Espineira-Gutierrez A, Romero-Nieto C. Synthesis, Post-Functionalization and Properties of Diphosphapentaarenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202769. [PMID: 36216778 PMCID: PMC10100039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Linearly-fused polyarenes are an important class of compounds with high relevance in materials science. While modifying the shape and size represents a common means to fine-tune their properties, the precise placement of heteroatoms is a strategy that is receiving an increasing deal of attention to overcome the intrinsic limitations of all-carbon structures. Thus, linearly-fused diphosphaarenes recently emerged as a novel family of molecules with striking optoelectronic properties and outstanding stability. However, the properties of diphosphaarenes are far from being benchmarked. Herein, we report the synthesis, phosphorus post-functionalization and properties of new diphosphapentaarene derivatives. We describe their synthetic limitations and unveil their potential for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Regulska
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Adrian Espineira-Gutierrez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain
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8
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Wolfram A, Fuentes-Soriano P, Herold-Mende C, Romero-Nieto C. Boron- and phosphorus-containing molecular/nano platforms: exploiting pathological redox imbalance to fight cancer. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17500-17513. [PMID: 36326151 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death globally. Despite multidisciplinary efforts, therapies to fight various types of cancer still remain inefficient. Reducing high recurrence rates and mortality is thus a major challenge to tackle. In this context, redox imbalance is an undervalued characteristic of cancer. However, it may be targeted by boron- and phosphorus-containing materials to selectively or systemically fight cancer. In particular, boron and phosphorus derivatives are attractive building blocks for rational drug discovery due to their unique and wide regioselective chemistry, high degree of tuneability and chemical stability. Thus, they can be meticulously employed to access tunable molecular platforms to selectively exploit the redox imbalance of cancer cells towards necrosis/apoptosis. This field of research holds a remarkable potential; nevertheless, it is still in its infancy. In this mini-review, we underline recent advances in the development of boron- or phosphorus-derivatives as molecular/nano platforms for rational anticancer drug design. Our goal is to provide comprehensive information on different methodologies that bear an outstanding potential to further develop this very promising field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wolfram
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Pablo Fuentes-Soriano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain.
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Yuan L, Liu Y, Sun W, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. PO-containing dibenzopentaarenes: facile synthesis, structures and optoelectronic properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11892-11898. [PMID: 35876191 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of heteroatoms into polyarenes has been developed as an effective approach to alter their intrinsic structures and properties. Herein, we designed and synthesized two PO-containing dibenzopentaarene isomers (5a and 5b) and studied their structures and properties, along with those of dibenzopentaarenes containing six-membered Si- and B-heterocycles (3 and 4). These heterocyclic polyarenes have similar frameworks to well-known heptazethrene, and thus can be regarded as members of the heteroatom-doped zethrene system. The heterocycles greatly affect not only the molecular and packing structures but also the electronic structures and properties. Notably, while compounds 3 and 4 adopt almost planar geometries, 5a possesses a clearly curved conformation, leading to its brick-type slipped and dense π-π stacking mode. Moreover, the electron-withdrawing PO groups endow 5a and 5b with simultaneously lowered lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)/highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels, whereas the p-π conjugation of the B atoms in 4 leads to its smaller energy gap and thus remarkably red-shifted absorption and fluorescence bands by over 80 nm, though all of these molecules possess similar closed-shell structures. This study thus deepens the understanding of heteroatom-doping effects, which may be expanded to develop other heteroatom-doped zethrene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yujia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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10
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Fermi V, Regulska E, Wolfram A, Wessling P, Rominger F, Herold‐Mende C, Romero‐Nieto C. Luminescent Pyrrole‐Based Phosphaphenalene Gold Complexes: Versatile Anticancer Tools with Wide Applicability. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104535. [PMID: 35293640 PMCID: PMC9320851 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain cancer, one of the most lethal diseases, urgently requires the discovery of novel theranostic agents. In this context, molecules based on six‐membered phosphorus heterocycles – phosphaphenalenes – are especially attractive; they possess unique characteristics that allow precise chemical engineering. Herein, we demonstrate that subtle structural modifications of the phosphaphenalene‐based gold(I) complexes lead to modify their electronic distribution, endow them with marked photophysical properties and enhance their efficacy against cancer. In particular, phosphaphenalene‐based gold(I) complexes containing a pyrrole ring show antiproliferative properties in 14 cell lines including glioblastomas, brain metastases, meningiomas, IDH‐mutant gliomas and head and neck cancers, reaching IC50 values as low as 0.73 μM. The bioactivity of this new family of drugs in combination with their photophysical properties thus offer new research possibilities for both the fundamental investigation and treatment of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fermi
- Division of Neurosurgical Research Department of Neurosurgery Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 400 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elzbieta Regulska
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Castilla-La Mancha Calle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora 02008 Albacete Spain
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Anna Wolfram
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Castilla-La Mancha Calle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora 02008 Albacete Spain
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick Wessling
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christel Herold‐Mende
- Division of Neurosurgical Research Department of Neurosurgery Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 400 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Carlos Romero‐Nieto
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Castilla-La Mancha Calle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora 02008 Albacete Spain
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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11
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Ramachandran MRK, Schnakenburg G, Majumdar M, Kelemen Z, Gál D, Nyulászi L, Boeré RT, Streubel RK. Reversible Redox Chemistry of Anionic Imidazole-2-thione-Fused 1,4-Dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4639-4646. [PMID: 35258281 PMCID: PMC8941515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Anionic
1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines were synthesized from tricyclic
1,4-diphosphinines and isolated as blue powdery salts M[2a–2c]. Reaction of solutions of these monoanions
with iodomethane led to P-methylated compounds 3a–3c. An oxidation/reduction cycle was
examined, starting from solutions of K[2a] via P–P
coupled product 4a and back to K[2a], and
the recyclability and redox chemistry of this cycle were confirmed
by experimental and simulated cyclic voltammetry analysis, which is
proposed as a potential 2-electron cathode for rechargeable cells.
TD-DFT studies were used to examine species that might be involved
in the process. Synthesis
of a set of stable P-anionic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines
is described, including an oxidation/reduction cycle of one example,
confirmed by experimental and simulated cyclic voltammetry analysis
as well as detailed DFT studies. The results indicate that main group
phosphorus compounds have unexplored potential for the development
of new cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridhul R K Ramachandran
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt Gellert ter 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dalma Gál
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt Gellert ter 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt Gellert ter 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - René T Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada
| | - Rainer K Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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12
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Hindenberg P, Rominger F, Romero‐Nieto C. Hin zur Kontrolle lumineszenter, optisch‐aktiver 3D‐Architekturen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Carlos Romero‐Nieto
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Pharmazeutische Fakultät Calle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora 02008 Albacete Spanien
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13
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Hindenberg P, Rominger F, Romero‐Nieto C. En Route Towards the Control of Luminescent, Optically-Active 3D Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:766-773. [PMID: 32985792 PMCID: PMC7820950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
π-Extended systems are key components for the development of future organic electronic technologies. While conceiving molecules with improved properties is fundamental for the evolution of materials science, keeping control over the 3D arrangement of molecules represents an ever-expanding challenge. Herein, a synthetic protocol to replace carbon atoms of π-systems by dissymmetric phosphorus atoms is reported; in particular, it allowed for conceiving new fused phosphapyrene derivatives with improved properties. The presence of dissymmetric phosphorus atoms precluded the formation of excimers. X-ray diffraction revealed that, meanwhile, strong intermolecular interactions are taking place in the solid state. The phosphapyrenes photoluminesce in the visible region with high quantum yields; importantly, they are CD-active. In addition, the unique non-planar features of phosphorus atoms allowed for the control of the 3D arrangement of molecules, rendering lemniscate-like structures. Based on our discoveries, we envisage the possibility to construct higher-order, chiral 3D architectures from larger phosphorus-containing π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carlos Romero‐Nieto
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaFaculty of PharmacyCalle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora02008AlbaceteSpain
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14
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Roesch S, Fermi V, Rominger F, Herold-Mende C, Romero-Nieto C. Gold(i) complexes based on six-membered phosphorus heterocycles as bio-active molecules against brain cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14593-14596. [PMID: 33124620 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05761d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Systems based on six-membered phosphorus heterocycles possess structural and electronic characteristics that clearly distinguish them from the rest of the organophosphorus molecules. However, their use in cancer therapy has been uninvestigated. In particular, glioblastoma is one of the most lethal brain tumors. The development of novel and more efficient drugs for the treatment of glioblastoma is thus crucial to battle this aggressive disease. Herein, we report a new family of gold(i) complexes based on six-membered phosphorus heterocycles as a promising tool to investigate brain cancer. We discovered that the latter complexes inhibit the proliferation, sensitize to apoptosis and hamper the migration of not only conventional but also stem-like glioblastoma cells. Our results unveil thus new research opportunities for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Roesch
- Division of Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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15
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Pfeifer G, Chahdoura F, Papke M, Weber M, Szűcs R, Geffroy B, Tondelier D, Nyulászi L, Hissler M, Müller C. Synthesis, Electronic Properties and OLED Devices of Chromophores Based on λ 5 -Phosphinines. Chemistry 2020; 26:10534-10543. [PMID: 32092780 PMCID: PMC7496645 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 2,4,6-triaryl-λ5 -phosphinines have been synthesized that contain different substituents both on the carbon backbone and the phosphorus atom of the six-membered heterocycle. Their optical and redox properties were studied in detail, supported by in-depth theoretical calculations. The modularity of the synthetic strategy allowed the establishment of structure-property relationships for this class of compounds and an OLED based on a blue phosphinine emitter could be developed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Pfeifer
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | | | - Martin Papke
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Manuela Weber
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Rózsa Szűcs
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzt. Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Bernard Geffroy
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRSUniversité Paris-Saclay, CEA SaclayGif-sur-YvetteCEDEX 91191France
| | - Denis Tondelier
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRSUniversité Paris-Saclay, CEA SaclayGif-sur-YvetteCEDEX 91191France
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzt. Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | | | - Christian Müller
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
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16
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Takeda Y. Development of Aromatic-Fused Diketophosphanyl-Cored Functional π-Conjugated Molecules. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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17
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Grzybowski M, Taki M, Kajiwara K, Yamaguchi S. Effects of Amino Group Substitution on the Photophysical Properties and Stability of Near-Infrared Fluorescent P-Rhodamines. Chemistry 2020; 26:7912-7917. [PMID: 32274865 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphine oxide-bridged rhodamines (P-rhodamines) bearing various acyclic and cyclic amine moieties, including dimethyl- and diethylamine, azetidine, pyrrolidine and 7-azabicyclo[2,2,1]heptane (7ABH), have been synthesized. The photophysical properties as well as chemical and photostability of these dyes have been studied in detail. Among these dyes, the 7ABH-substituted dye shows stronger fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) region, relative to the other P-rhodamines. This dye could be applied to live-cell imaging, wherein lysosomes were selectively stained in a pH-independent manner. It was also found that the ring fusion of the amine moieties gives rise to remarkably redshifted spectra, with absorption and emission maxima at 770 and 820 nm, respectively, spectrally close to that of indocyanine green (ICG). Importantly, the ring-fused P-rhodamines showed much higher photostability than ICG, indicative of their promising utility as the NIR-emissive dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keiji Kajiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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18
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Regulska E, Ruppert H, Rominger F, Romero-Nieto C. Synthesis of Blue-Luminescent Seven-Membered Phosphorus Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1247-1252. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Regulska
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Ruppert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14-Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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19
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Regulska E, Christ S, Zimmermann J, Rominger F, Hernandez-Sosa G, Romero-Nieto C. Organophosphorus-B(C 6F 5) 3 adducts: towards new solid-state emitting materials. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12803-12807. [PMID: 31305821 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The coordination of B(C6F5)3 to materials based on six-membered phosphorus heterocycles via P[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds tunes their physicochemical properties both in solution and in the solid state, remarkably improving their performances in light-emitting layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Regulska
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sonja Christ
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Zimmermann
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany and InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany and InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain
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20
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Takeda Y, Minakata S. Aromatic-fused diketophosphanyl-core organic functional materials: phosphorus mimics of imides or beyond? Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7807-7821. [PMID: 31313797 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01328h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, missing pieces of organophosphorus compounds, i.e., aromatic-fused diketophosphanyl compounds, have attracted much attention as promising scaffolds of building blocks for functional organic materials. In this review, the brief historical background, synthetic methods, structures, and optoelectronic aspects of aromatic-fused diketophosphanyls are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamdaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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21
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Hindenberg P, Rominger F, Romero-Nieto C. Phosphorus Post-Functionalization of Diphosphahexaarenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:13146-13151. [PMID: 31314930 PMCID: PMC6851889 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diphosphahexaarenes are highly stable π‐extended frameworks containing two six‐membered phosphorus heterocycles that have emerged recently. Herein, we present a detailed investigation on the post‐functionalization reactions of their phosphorus centers with special emphasis on the selectivity of the processes and the impact of the phosphorus functionalizations into the physicochemical properties. These studies reveal that indeed the phosphorus atoms of the diphosphahexaarenes are readily available to be functionalized with quaternizing and oxidizing agents as well as borane groups without compromising the stability of the system. In addition, the optoelectronic properties of the diphosphahexaarenes are impacted by the phosphorus post‐modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14-Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain
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22
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Hindenberg P, Zimmermann J, Hernandez-Sosa G, Romero-Nieto C. Lighting with organophosphorus materials: solution-processed blue/cyan light-emitting devices based on phosphaphenalenes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7503-7508. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00380k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of phosphaphenalene derivatives for light-emitting diodes and electrofluorochromic devices is herein demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Johannes Zimmermann
- Light Technology Institute
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- InnovationLab
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
- Light Technology Institute
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- HEiKA – Heidelberg-Karlsruhe Research Partnership
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- HEiKA – Heidelberg-Karlsruhe Research Partnership
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