1
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Benin A, Kollar JI, Riesebeck T, Wurl F, Graiff C, Strassner T, Tubaro C. Synthesis and characterization of Pt(II) and Au(I) complexes with N-oxy-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NOHCs). Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9323-9329. [PMID: 38747257 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00996g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Two N-alkyloxy-N'-phenylimidazolium proligands and the corresponding platinum(II) cyclometalated N-alkyloxyimidazol-2-ylidene complexes with β-diketonate auxiliary ligands, [(CNOHC^C*)Pt(L∩L)] (L∩L = acetyacetonate (acac) or 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-propane-1,3-dionato (mesacac)) were synthesized and fully characterized. In addition, a Au(I) monocarbene complex was synthesized, isolated and characterized. Solid-state structures of two cyclometalated platinum(II) NOHC complexes and the Au(I) NOHC complex were obtained providing structural proof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Benin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Joshua Immanuel Kollar
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tim Riesebeck
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Felix Wurl
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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2
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Khistiaeva VV, Buss S, Eskelinen T, Hirva P, Kinnunen N, Friedel J, Kletsch L, Klein A, Strassert CA, Koshevoy IO. Cyanido-bridged diplatinum(ii) complexes: ligand and solvent effect on aggregation and luminescence. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4005-4018. [PMID: 38487239 PMCID: PMC10935663 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The association of platinum(ii)-based luminophores, which is caused by metal⋯metal and π-π stacking interactions, has been actively exploited in supramolecular construction of photofunctional molecular materials. Herein, we describe a series of bimetallic complexes [{Pt(C^N^/*N)}2(CN)][BAr4F], containing cyanido-bridged cyclometalated Pt(ii) chromophore fragments (HC^N^N = 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine, (benzyltriazolyl)-phenylpyridine, and pyrazolyl-phenylpyridine; HC^N*N = N-pentyl-6-phenyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine; ^/* denote five/six-membered metallocycles). These compounds are intensely phosphorescent at room temperature showing quantum yields up to 0.73 in solution and 0.62 in the solid state, which are generally higher than those of the mononuclear relatives [Pt(C^N^/*N)(CN)]. The complex cations bearing sterically unhindered -C^N^N ligands readily assemble in solution, reaching the tetrameric species [{Pt(C^N^N)}2(CN)]44+ as suggested by diffusion NMR spectroscopy. The size of the aggregates can be regulated by the concentration, temperature, and polarity of the solvent that allows to alter the emission from green to near-IR. In the solid state, the maximum of low-energy luminescence is shifted up to 912 nm. The results show that photophysical properties of discrete complexes and the intermolecular aggregation can be substantially enhanced by utilizing the rigid bimetallic units giving rise to novel dynamic light emitting Pt(ii) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V Khistiaeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland P.O. Box 111 FI-80100 Joensuu Finland
| | - Stefan Buss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, CiMIC, CeNTech Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Toni Eskelinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland P.O. Box 111 FI-80100 Joensuu Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Pipsa Hirva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland P.O. Box 111 FI-80100 Joensuu Finland
| | - Niko Kinnunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland P.O. Box 111 FI-80100 Joensuu Finland
| | - Joshua Friedel
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne Greinstrasse 6 D-50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Lukas Kletsch
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne Greinstrasse 6 D-50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne Greinstrasse 6 D-50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, CiMIC, CeNTech Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland P.O. Box 111 FI-80100 Joensuu Finland
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3
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Khan AAT, Gobeze HB, Islam T, Arman HD, Schanze KS. Effect of bromine substitution on blue phosphorescent trans-(N-heterocyclic carbene)Pt(II) acetylide complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11535-11542. [PMID: 37540137 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01483e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of the type trans-(NHC)2PtII(CC-Ar)2 (where Ar = phenyl or substituted phenyl) are of interest as violet and blue phosphors. These complexes emit efficient phosphorescence in solution and in the solid state, and they have been applied as phosphors in organic light emitting diodes. This study explores the effect of bromine substitution on the trans-(NHC)2PtII(CC-Ar)2 chromophore through photophysical studies of a pair of complexes in which the phenyl groups feature either 3,5-dibromo- or 4-monobromo-substituents (IPt-DB and IPt-MB, respectively). The Br atoms were introduced as heavy atom(s) with the aim to enhance spin-orbit coupling and increase the radiative and non-radiative decay rates of the phosphorescent triplet state. Both IPt-MB and IPt-DB exhibit sky-blue phosphorescence in solution and in PMMA matrix. Interestingly, the emission quantum yield and lifetime of IPt-MB are substantially lower compared to IPt-DB in solution. This effect is attributed to a substantially larger non-radiative decay rate in the mono-bromo complex. Analysis of the photophysical data, combined with DFT and TD-DFT calculations, suggest that the difference in photophysical properties of the two complexes is related to the position of the Br-substituents on the phenyl acetylide rings. In short, in IPt-MB, the Br-substituents are located para-to the Pt-CC-unit, and this gives rise to stronger electron-vibrational coupling in the excited state, enhancing the rate of non-radiative decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amran A T Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Habtom B Gobeze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Tanjila Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Hadi D Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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4
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Strassner NM, Stipurin S, Koželj P, Grin Y, Strassner T. Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of a High-Spin Mn III Complex: [Mn(mesacac) 3 ] (mesacac=1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-propane-1,3-dionato). Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200652. [PMID: 36515278 PMCID: PMC10107892 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal acetylacetonates of the general formula [M(acac)3 ] (MIII =Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) are among the best investigated coordination compounds. Many of these first-row transition metal complexes are known to have unique electronic properties. Independently, photophysical research with different β-diketonate ligands pointed towards the possibility of a special effect of the 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl substituted acetylacetonate (mesacac) on the electron distribution between ligand and metal (MLCT). We therefore synthesized and fully characterized the previously unknown octahedral title complex. Its solid-state structure shows a Jahn-Teller elongation with two Mn-O bonds of 2.12/2.15 Å and four Mn-O bonds of 1.93 Å. Thermogravimetric data show a thermal stability up to 270 °C. High-resolution mass spectroscopy helped to identify the decomposition pathways. The electronic state and spin configuration of manganese were characterized with a focus on its magnetic properties by measurement of the magnetic susceptibility and triple-zeta density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The high-spin state of manganese was confirmed by the determination of an effective magnetic moment of 4.85 μB for the manganese center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Strassner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sergej Stipurin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Physical Organic Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Primož Koželj
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Physical Organic Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Nguyen Van Ha, Dat DT, Huy NH. Oxygenation Induced Electronic Structure Changes in Anionic Platinum(II) Complex Bearing 2-Phenylpyridine and Benzene-1,2-dithiolate Ligands: Theoretical Study. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622601544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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6
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Riesebeck T, Bertrams MS, Stipurin S, Konowski K, Kerzig C, Strassner T. Cyclometalated Spirobifluorene Imidazolylidene Platinum(II) Complexes with Predominant 3LC Emissive Character and High Photoluminescence Quantum Yields. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15499-15509. [PMID: 36125339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel bidentate C^C*spiro cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes comprising a spiro-conjugated bifluorene ligand and different β-diketonate auxiliary ligands are synthesized and characterized. Their preparation employs a robust and elaborate synthetic protocol commencing with an N-heterocyclic carbene precursor. Structural characterization by means of NMR techniques and solid-state structures validate the proposed and herein presented molecular scaffolds. Photophysical studies, including laser flash photolysis methods, reveal an almost exclusively ligand-centered triplet state, governed by the C^C*spiro-NHC ligand. The high triplet energies and the long triplet lifetimes in the order of 30 μs in solution make the complexes good candidates for light-emitting diode-driven photocatalysis, as initial energy transfer experiments reveal. In-depth time-dependent density functional theory investigations are in excellent accordance with our spectroscopic findings. The title compounds are highly emissive in the bluish-green color region with quantum yields of up to 87% in solid-state measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Riesebeck
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Konowski
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Thi Thanh Chi N, Van Thong P, Tuan Cuong N, Van Meervelt L. Reaction Pathways of Diplatinum Complexes Bearing a Phenylpropene‐ Derived π/σ‐Chelator with Weak/Strong
σ
‐Donor Neutral Ligands. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thanh Chi
- Department of Chemistry Hanoi National University of Education 136 Xuan Thuy Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Thong
- Department of Chemistry Hanoi National University of Education 136 Xuan Thuy Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Ngo Tuan Cuong
- Department of Chemistry Hanoi National University of Education 136 Xuan Thuy Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Chemistry Department, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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8
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Platinum(
ii
) Hexahydroimidazo[1,5‐
a
]pyridinylidene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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9
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Yang Z, Zhao S, Zhang X, Liu M, Liu H, Yang B. Efficient Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Discrete Molecules Based on Thianthrene Derivatives for Oxygen Sensing and Detection. Front Chem 2022; 9:810304. [PMID: 35155381 PMCID: PMC8828495 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.810304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, two thianthrene (TA) derivatives, 1-phenylthianthrene (TA1P) and 2-phenylthianthrene (TA2P), were synthesized with single-phenyl modification for pure organic discrete-molecule room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). They both show the dual emission of fluorescence and RTP in amorphous polymer matrix after deoxygenation, as a result of a new mechanism of folding-induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) enhancement. Compared with TA1P, TA2P exhibits a higher RTP efficiency and a larger spectral separation between fluorescence and RTP, which is ascribed to the substituent effect of TA at the 2-position. With decreasing oxygen concentration from 1.61% to 0%, the discrete-molecule TA2P shows an about 18-fold increase in RTP intensity and an almost constant fluorescence intensity, which can make TA2P as a self-reference ratiometric optical oxygen sensing probe at low oxygen concentrations. The oxygen quenching constant (KSV) of TA2P is estimated as high as 10.22 KPa−1 for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-doped film, and even reach up to 111.86 KPa−1 for Zeonex®-doped film, which demonstrates a very high sensitivity in oxygen sensing and detection. This work provides a new idea to design pure organic discrete-molecule RTP materials with high efficiency, and TA derivatives show a potential to be applied in quantitative detection of oxygen as a new-generation optical oxygen-sensing material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yang
- *Correspondence: Haichao Liu, ; Bing Yang,
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10
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Stipurin S, Wurl F, Strassner T. C∧C* Platinum(II) Complexes with PtXPX Metallacycle Forming (X = N and S) Auxiliary Ligands: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Wurl
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Demir Atli D, Şen B. Dinuclear silver-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes: Synthesis, catalytic activity in propargylamine formation and computational studies. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1972097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Demir Atli
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Betül Şen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Buca, Turkey
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12
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. C^C* Platinum(II) Complexes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups and Beneficial Auxiliary Ligands: Efficient Blue Phosphorescent Emission. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11200-11205. [PMID: 34242510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of strong electron-withdrawing groups in cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (C^C*) with known beneficial auxiliary ligands in phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes leads to efficient light-to-deep-blue emission with quantum yields of up to 92%. All compounds were characterized and investigated regarding their photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal properties, and three complexes could additionally be characterized by solid-state structures. Density functional theory calculations (PBE0/6-311G* with dispersion correction) are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Haque A, El Moll H, Alenezi KM, Khan MS, Wong WY. Functional Materials Based on Cyclometalated Platinum(II) β-Diketonate Complexes: A Review of Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154236. [PMID: 34361430 PMCID: PMC8347388 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Square planar organoplatinum(II) complexes have garnered immense interest in the area of materials research. The combination of the Pt(II) fragment with mono-, bi- tri- and tetradentate organic ligands gives rise to a large variety of complexes with intriguing properties, especially cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes in which ligands are connected through covalent bonds demonstrate higher stability, excellent photoluminescence properties, and diverse applications. The properties and applications of the Pt(II)-based materials can be smartly fine-tuned via a judicious selection of the cyclometalating as well as ancillary ligands. In this review, attempts have been made to provide a brief review of the recent developments of neutral Pt(II) organometallic complexes bearing bidentate cyclometalating ligands and β-diketonate ancillary ligands, i.e., (C^N)Pt(O^O) and (C^C)Pt(O^O) derivatives. Both small (monomeric, dimeric) and large (polymeric) materials have been considered. We critically assessed the role of functionalities (ligands) on photophysical properties and their impact on applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
| | - Hani El Moll
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Khalaf M. Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
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