1
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Li QZ, Zuo ZW, Liu Y. Recent status of sesaminol and its glucosides: Synthesis, metabolism, and biological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12043-12056. [PMID: 35821660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sesamum indicum is a major and important oilseed crop that is believed to promote human health in many countries, especially in China. Sesame seeds contain two types of lignans: lipid-soluble lignans and water-soluble glucosylated lignans. The major glucosylated lignans are sesaminol glucosides (SGs). So far, four sesaminol isomers and four SGs are identified. During the naturally occurring process of SGs production, sesaminol is generated first from two molecules of E-coniferyl alcohol, and then the sugar is added to the sesaminol one by one, leading to production of SGs. Sesaminol can be prepared from SGs, from sesamolin, and through artificial synthesis. SGs are metabolized in the liver and intestine and are then transported to other tissues. They exhibit several biological activities, most of which are based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we present an overview of the current status of research on sesaminol and SGs. We have also discussed their synthesis, preparation, metabolism, and biological activities. It has been suggested that sesaminol and SGs are important biological substances with strong antioxidant properties in vitro and in vivo and are widely used in the food industry, medicine, and cosmetic products. The recovery and utilization of SGs from sesame seed cake after oil processing will generate massive economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhang Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zan-Wen Zuo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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2
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Garduño-Félix KG, Ramirez K, Salazar-Salas NY, Amabilis-Sosa LE, Rochín-Medina JJ. Phenolic profile in black sesame sprouts biostimulated with Bacillus clausii. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Recent progress in the thermal treatment of oilseeds and oil oxidative stability: A review. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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4
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Andargie M, Vinas M, Rathgeb A, Möller E, Karlovsky P. Lignans of Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.): A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2021; 26:883. [PMID: 33562414 PMCID: PMC7914952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major lignans of sesame sesamin and sesamolin are benzodioxol--substituted furofurans. Sesamol, sesaminol, its epimers, and episesamin are transformation products found in processed products. Synthetic routes to all lignans are known but only sesamol is synthesized industrially. Biosynthesis of furofuran lignans begins with the dimerization of coniferyl alcohol, followed by the formation of dioxoles, oxidation, and glycosylation. Most genes of the lignan pathway in sesame have been identified but the inheritance of lignan content is poorly understood. Health-promoting properties make lignans attractive components of functional food. Lignans enhance the efficiency of insecticides and possess antifeedant activity, but their biological function in plants remains hypothetical. In this work, extensive literature including historical texts is reviewed, controversial issues are critically examined, and errors perpetuated in literature are corrected. The following aspects are covered: chemical properties and transformations of lignans; analysis, purification, and total synthesis; occurrence in Seseamum indicum and related plants; biosynthesis and genetics; biological activities; health-promoting properties; and biological functions. Finally, the improvement of lignan content in sesame seeds by breeding and biotechnology and the potential of hairy roots for manufacturing lignans in vitro are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebeaselassie Andargie
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Vinas
- Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas (CIGRAS), University of Costa Rica, 2060 San Jose, Costa Rica;
| | - Anna Rathgeb
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Evelyn Möller
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.R.); (E.M.)
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5
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Mekky RH, Abdel-Sattar E, Segura-Carretero A, Contreras MDM. Metabolic Profiling of the Oil of Sesame of the Egyptian Cultivar 'Giza 32' Employing LC-MS and Tandem MS-Based Untargeted Method. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020298. [PMID: 33540686 PMCID: PMC7913063 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a global oil crop. Sesame oil has been regarded as functional oil with antioxidant properties in several in vivo studies but little is known about its minor fraction. In this line, this study figures out the profile of the polar fraction of Egyptian cultivar Giza 32 sesame oil (SG32 oil) employing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry and tandem MS. The characterization of the sesame oil metabolites depended on the observation of their retention time values, accurate MS, and MS/MS data, with UV spectra, and compared with relevant literature and available standards. Remarkably, 86 metabolites were characterized and sub-grouped into phenolic acids, lignans, flavonoids, nitrogenous compounds, and organic acids. From the characterized metabolites, 72 compounds were previously characterized in SG32 cake, which presented antioxidant properties, and hence it could contribute to SG32 oil antioxidant properties. Further studies are required to state the presence of such phenolics in commercial sesame oils and what of these compounds resist oil refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hassan Mekky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo-Suez Road, Cairo 11829, Egypt
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregiόn Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.H.M.); or (M.d.M.C.); Tel.: +20-100-5720-695 (R.H.M.)
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregiόn Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregiόn Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Campus Las Lagunillas, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.H.M.); or (M.d.M.C.); Tel.: +20-100-5720-695 (R.H.M.)
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6
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Grajzer M, Szmalcel K, Kuźmiński Ł, Witkowski M, Kulma A, Prescha A. Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of Cold-Pressed Oils-Possible Strategies to Improve Oil Stability. Foods 2020; 9:E1630. [PMID: 33171600 PMCID: PMC7695170 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The relations of the antiradical capacity to oxidative stability parameters and the contents of fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, phenols, flavonoids, chlorophyll, Cu, and Fe were assessed in 33 cold-pressed seed oils: Walnut (7 brands of oils), rosehip (3), camelina (6), milk thistle (5), flax (6), and pumpkin (6). The antiradical capacity of oils depended strongly on tocopherol contents with a synergistic effect with polyphenols. The efficacy of tocopherols in cold-pressed oils was accompanied by a negative correlation of their antioxidant capacity with the peroxide value increase after 3 months of shelf life. This study also showed a positive correlation between the content of phytosterols and the antiradical capacity in the lipophilic fraction of cold-pressed oils rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Multiple regression analysis identified groups of antioxidants naturally occurring in cold-pressed oils in relation to their fatty acid composition, which added to the cold-pressed oils could provide possible strategies to improve their stability. Achieving high stability is primarily a result of high phytosterol content exceeding the molar ratio of 1:100 for total phytosterols to α-linolenic acid. However, the molar ratios of tocopherols to linoleic acid below 1:2000 and polyphenols to linoleic acid below 1:3000 does not prevent oxidation in oils with the predominance of linoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Grajzer
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Karolina Szmalcel
- Student Scientific Club at Food Science and Dietetics Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Kuźmiński
- Department of Process Management, Management Department, Wroclaw University of Economics, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Witkowski
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Prescha
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (A.P.)
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7
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Tsai HY, Lee WJ, Chu IH, Hung WC, Su NW. Formation of Samin Diastereomers by Acid-Catalyzed Transformation of Sesamolin with Hydrogen Peroxide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6430-6438. [PMID: 32396352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of sesame lignans is of interest because the derived products may have potential applications. Here, in investigating the transformation of sesamin and sesamolin, main endogenous sesame lignans in sesame seeds, in both acidic aqueous and anhydrous systems, 7R,7'S-samin was identified as one of the major products of sesamolin in both systems catalyzed with common inorganic acids, but sesaminol was not generated. In investigating the effect of different oxidizing agents on the acid-catalyzed conversion of sesame lignans, 7R,7'S-samin was still the major product of sesamolin, whereas sesamolin as well as 7R,7'S-samin stereoselectively rendered 7R,7'R-samin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide may play a role in stabilizing the transitional oxonium ions, derived from acid hydrolysis of sesamolin or 7R,7'S-samin by forming a seven-membered ring intermediate through hydrogen bonding, to consequently produce 7R,7'R-samin as the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ya Tsai
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan
- Master Program in Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Chu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ching Hung
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Wei Su
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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8
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Rapid electroanalytical procedure for sesamol determination in real samples. Food Chem 2019; 309:125789. [PMID: 31704073 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the development of an electroanalytical assay based on square wave voltammetry technique for determining sesamol (Ses) in sesame oil samples is described. The influence of various factors such as pH of the supporting electrolyte, its composition, and SW (square wave) parameters was studied. Linearity of the peak current depended on the concentration of Ses in the range from 3.0 to 140.0 μmol L-1 with a limit of detection of 0.71 μmol L-1. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetric behavior of Ses and the effects of scan rate and pH on the peak current and peak potential of Ses were determined. Moreover, the electrode process was found to be diffusion-controlled. The proposed methodology was successfully applied for determining Ses in commercial sesame oil samples. The obtained results were in good agreement with the results from the HPLC-UV reference method.
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9
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Mekky RH, Abdel-Sattar E, Segura-Carretero A, Contreras MDM. Phenolic Compounds from Sesame Cake and Antioxidant Activity: A New Insight for Agri-Food Residues' Significance for Sustainable Development. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100432. [PMID: 31546743 PMCID: PMC6835672 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agri-food residues represent a rich source of nutrients and bioactive secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds. The effective utilization of these by-products in food supplements and the nutraceuticals industry could provide a way of valorization in the transition to becoming more sustainable. In this context, the present study describes the phenolic profiling of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cake using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Compounds were characterized based on their retention time, UV spectra, accurate mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS data along with comparison with standards, whenever possible, and the relevant literature. The characterized compounds (112 metabolites) belong to several classes, namely, phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids), flavonoids, and lignans. Moreover, organic acids and some nitrogenous compounds were characterized. The total phenol content and the antioxidant activity of the cake extract were determined. This study provides useful information for the valorization of by-products from the sesame oil industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hassan Mekky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo-Suez Road, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregiόn Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregiόn Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María Del Mar Contreras
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregiόn Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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10
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Michailidis D, Angelis A, Aligiannis N, Mitakou S, Skaltsounis L. Recovery of Sesamin, Sesamolin, and Minor Lignans From Sesame Oil Using Solid Support-Free Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Chromatography Techniques and Evaluation of Their Enzymatic Inhibition Properties. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:723. [PMID: 31316384 PMCID: PMC6610769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an integrated process for the recovery of sesamin and sesamolin, two high added-value lignans of sesame oil (SO) was developed, using synchronous extraction and chromatography techniques. The extraction of SO phenolic content was studied using two different extraction techniques: Annular centrifugal extraction (ACE) and centrifugal partition extraction (CPE). The derived data of each experiment were compared in terms of revealing the yields, time, and solvents consumption showing that CPE is the most effective technique, concerning the solvent consumption. The isolation of lignans was achieved using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) both on semi-preparative and preparative scale. The biphasic system used for this purpose consisted of the following solvents: n-Hex/EtOAc/EtOH/H2O in proportion 2:3:3:2 (v/v/v/v) and direct recovery of the two major lignans sesamin and sesamolin was achieved. In parallel the CPC analysis resulted in the isolation of four minor lignans of sesame oil, i.e., samin, sesamol, sesaminol, and episesaminol. Structure elucidation of isolated lignans was based on HRMS/MS and NMR experiments. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for quantitative analysis of the obtained extracts to determine the purity of the isolated compounds as well. The results of this study demonstrated that sesamin and sesamolin were recovered in purity higher than 95%, verifying the effectiveness of the purposed separation methodology. Finally, due to the general application of sesame oil in cosmetic industry, all the pure compounds were evaluated for their tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Michailidis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Léandros Skaltsounis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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11
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Wang R, Liu K, Wang X, Tan M. Detection of Sesame Oil Adulteration Using Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Chemometrics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2018-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Identification of edible oil adulteration is an essential task for oil quality control. In this study, the adulteration of sesame oil samples with soybean oil was detected by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) combining with chemometrics including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) methods. PCA analysis was applied for the classification of various adulteration ratios of sesame oil samples. PLS and PCR were used for the detection of adulteration ratios of sesame oil samples. A calibration data set was established and evaluated by a cross-validation method. The correlation coefficients between actual and predicted values for the calibration and validation data sets were 0.953 and 0.973 for PLS and 0.975 and 0.979 for PCR, respectively. Therefore, a combination of LF-NMR with chemometrics can be applied for detecting sesame oil adulteration in a fast and nondestructive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , China
| | - Kangjing Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Liaoning Normal University , Dalian , China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , China
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12
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Application of the bespoke solid-phase extraction protocol for extraction of physiologically-active compounds from vegetable oils. Talanta 2018; 189:157-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Li J, Vosegaard T, Guo Z. Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in lipid analyses: An emerging powerful tool for lipidomics studies. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 68:37-56. [PMID: 28911967 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of lipids in cell, tissue, and organ physiology is crucial; as many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases, are closely related to absorption and metabolism of lipids. Mass spectrometry (MS) based methods are the most developed powerful tools to study the synthetic pathways and metabolic networks of cellular lipids in biological systems; leading to the birth of an emerging subject lipidomics, which has been extensively reviewed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), another powerful analytical tool, which allows the visualization of single atoms and molecules, is receiving increasing attention in lipidomics analyses. However, very little work focusing on lipidomic studies using NMR has been critically reviewed. This paper presents a first comprehensive summary of application of 1H, 13C &31P NMR in lipids and lipidomics analyses. The scientific basis, principles and characteristic diagnostic peaks assigned to specific atoms/molecular structures of lipids are presented. Applications of 2D NMR in mapping and monitoring of the components and their changes in complex lipids systems, as well as alteration of lipid profiling over disease development are also reviewed. The applications of NMR lipidomics in diseases diagnosis and food adulteration are exemplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Vosegaard
- Danish Center for Ultrahigh-Field NMR Spectroscopy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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14
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Kanavouras A, Coutelieris FA. Systematic transition from description to prediction for the oxidation in packaged olive oil. Food Chem 2017; 229:820-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Hammerl R, Frank O, Hofmann T. Differential Off-line LC-NMR (DOLC-NMR) Metabolomics To Monitor Tyrosine-Induced Metabolome Alterations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3230-3241. [PMID: 28381091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel differential off-line LC-NMR approach (DOLC-NMR) was developed to capture and quantify nutrient-induced metabolome alterations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Off-line coupling of HPLC separation and 1H NMR spectroscopy supported by automated comparative bucket analyses, followed by quantitative 1H NMR using ERETIC 2 (electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations), has been successfully used to quantitatively record changes in the metabolome of S. cerevisiae upon intervention with the aromatic amino acid l-tyrosine. Among the 33 metabolites identified, glyceryl succinate, tyrosol acetate, tyrosol lactate, tyrosol succinate, and N-acyl-tyrosine derivatives such as N-(1-oxooctyl)-tyrosine are reported for the first time as yeast metabolites. Depending on the chain length, N-(1-oxooctyl)-, N-(1-oxodecanyl)-, N-(1-oxododecanyl)-, N-(1-oxomyristinyl)-, N-(1-oxopalmityl)-, and N-(1-oxooleoyl)-l-tyrosine imparted a kokumi taste enhancement above their recognition thresholds ranging between 145 and 1432 μmol/L (model broth). Finally, carbon module labeling (CAMOLA) and carbon bond labeling (CABOLA) experiments with 13C6-glucose as the carbon source confirmed the biosynthetic pathway leading to the key metabolites; for example, the aliphatic side chain of N-(1-oxooctyl)-tyrosine could be shown to be generated via de novo fatty acid biosynthesis from four C2-carbon modules (acetyl-CoA) originating from glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hammerl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Jin G, Kim J, Lee Y, Kim J, Akoh CC, Chun HS, Ahn S, Kim BH. A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Approach to Discriminate the Geographic Origin of Roasted Asian Sesame Oils. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:337-344. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gyungsu Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University
| | - Yunhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University
| | - Jinyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University
| | - Casimir C. Akoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University
| | - Sangdoo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University
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Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Selected Black and White Sesame Seeds. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8495630. [PMID: 27597975 PMCID: PMC5002301 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8495630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds are popular nutritional food but with limited knowledge about their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of various varieties. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of six varieties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds were studied. Fenheizhi3 (black) cultivar exhibited the maximum contents of total phenolics and lignans and values of total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and antiproliferative activity (EC50) against HepG2 cells. Bound ORAC values showed strong associations with bound phenolics contents (r = 0.976, p < 0.01); in bound phenolic extracts, EC50 values showed strong negative associations with phenolic contents (r = −0.869, p < 0.05) and ORAC values (r = −0.918, p < 0.01). Moreover, the contents of free phenolics were higher than that of the bound phenolics, and the three black sesame seeds generally depicted higher total phenolics compared to the three white varieties. The antioxidant (ORAC values) and antiproliferation activities of six sesame seeds were both associated with contents of bound phenolics (r > 0.8, p < 0.05). Interestingly, nonlignan components in bound phenolics contributed to the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. This study suggested that Fenheizhi3 variety is superior to the other five varieties as antioxidant supplements.
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Wempe MF, Oldland A, Stolpman N, Kiser TH. Stability of dronabinol capsules when stored frozen, refrigerated, or at room temperature. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2016; 73:1088-92. [DOI: 10.2146/ajhp150501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Results of a study to determine the 90-day stability of dronabinol capsules stored under various temperature conditions are reported.
Methods
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was used to assess the stability of dronabinol capsules (synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC] mixed with high-grade sesame oil and other inactive ingredients and encapsulated as soft gelatin capsules) that were frozen, refrigerated, or kept at room temperature for three months. The dronabinol capsules remained in the original foil-sealed blister packs until preparation for HPLC–UV assessment. The primary endpoint was the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC concentration remaining at multiple designated time points. The secondary aim was to perform forced-degradation studies under acidic conditions to demonstrate that the HPLC–UV method used was stability indicating.
Results
The appearance of the dronabinol capsules remained unaltered during frozen, cold, or room-temperature storage. Regardless of storage condition, the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC content remaining was greater than 97% for all evaluated samples at all time points over the three-month study. These experimental data indicate that the product packaging and the sesame oil used to formulate dronabinol capsules efficiently protect Δ9-THC from oxidative degradation to cannabinol; this suggests that pharmacies can store dronabinol capsules in nonrefrigerated automated dispensing systems, with a capsule expiration date of 90 days after removal from the refrigerator.
Conclusion
Dronabinol capsules may be stored at room temperature in their original packaging for up to three months without compromising capsule appearance and with minimal reduction in Δ9-THC concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO
| | - Alan Oldland
- Acute Care Pharmacy, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO
| | - Nancy Stolpman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO
| | - Tyree H. Kiser
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO
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Kowalska M, Żbikowska A. Study of Stability of Sesame Oil-In-Water Emulsions Determined using an Optical Analyzer and Measurement of Particle Size and Distribution. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim J, Jin G, Lee Y, Chun HS, Ahn S, Kim BH. Combined Analysis of Stable Isotope, (1)H NMR, and Fatty Acid To Verify Sesame Oil Authenticity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8955-8965. [PMID: 26395416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the authenticity of sesame oils using combined analysis of stable isotope ratio, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and fatty acid profiles of the oils. Analytical data were obtained from 35 samples of authentic sesame oils and 29 samples of adulterated sesame oils currently distributed in Korea. The orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis technique was used to select variables that most effectively verify the sesame oil authenticity. The variables include δ(13)C value, integration values of NMR peaks that signify the CH3 of n-3 fatty acids, CH2 between two C═C, protons from sesamin/sesamolin, and 18:1n-9, 18:3n-3, 18:2t, and 18:3t content values. The authenticity of 65 of 70 blind samples was correctly verified by applying the range of the eight variables found in the authentic sesame oil samples, suggesting that triple analysis is a useful approach to verify sesame oil authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong 456-756, Korea
| | - Gyungsu Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Yunhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong 456-756, Korea
| | - Sangdoo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong 456-756, Korea
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Wan Y, Li H, Fu G, Chen X, Chen F, Xie M. The relationship of antioxidant components and antioxidant activity of sesame seed oil. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2571-8. [PMID: 25472416 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although sesame seed oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and even a small amount of free fatty acids in its unrefined flavored form, it shows markedly greater stability than other dietary vegetable oils. The good stability of sesame seed oil against autoxidation has been ascribed not only to its inherent lignans and tocopherols but also to browning reaction products generated when sesame seeds are roasted. Also, there is a strong synergistic effect among these components. The lignans in sesame seed oil can be categorized into two types, i.e. inherent lignans (sesamin, sesamolin) and lignans mainly formed during the oil production process (sesamol, sesamolinol, etc.). The most abundant tocopherol in sesame seed oil is γ-tocopherol. This article reviews the antioxidant activities of lignans and tocopherols as well as the browning reaction and its products in sesame seed and/or its oil. It is concluded that the composition and structure of browning reaction products and their impacts on sesame ingredients need to be further studied to better explain the remaining mysteries of sesame oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Huixiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guiming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
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Banoub J, Delmas GH, Joly N, Mackenzie G, Cachet N, Benjelloun-Mlayah B, Delmas M. A critique on the structural analysis of lignins and application of novel tandem mass spectrometric strategies to determine lignin sequencing. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:5-48. [PMID: 25601673 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to the application of MS using soft ionization methods with a special emphasis on electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure photoionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) for the elucidation of the chemical structure of native and modified lignins. We describe and critically evaluate how these soft ionization methods have contributed to the present-day knowledge of the structure of lignins. Herein, we will introduce new nomenclature concerning the chemical state of lignins, namely, virgin released lignins (VRLs) and processed modified lignins (PML). VRLs are obtained by liberation of lignins through degradation of vegetable matter by either chemical hydrolysis and/or enzymatic hydrolysis. PMLs are produced by subjecting the VRL to a series of further chemical transformations and purifications that are likely to alter their original chemical structures. We are proposing that native lignin polymers, present in the lignocellulosic biomass, are not made of macromolecules linked to cellulose fibres as has been frequently reported. Instead, we propose that the lignins are composed of vast series of linear related oligomers, having different lengths that are covalently linked in a criss-cross pattern to cellulose and hemicellulose fibres forming the network of vegetal matter. Consequently, structural elucidation of VRLs, which presumably have not been purified and processed by any other type of additional chemical treatment and purification, may reflect the structure of the native lignin. In this review, we present an introduction to a MS/MS top-down concept of lignin sequencing and how this technique may be used to address the challenge of characterizing the structure of VRLs. Finally, we offer the case that although lignins have been reported to have very high or high molecular weights, they might not exist on the basis that such polymers have never been identified by the mild ionizing techniques used in modern MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Banoub
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5X1, Canada; Science Branch, Special Projects, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St John's, NL, A1C 5X1, Canada
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Yavari M, Rouholamin S, Tansaz M, Bioos S, Esmaeili S. Sesame a Treatment of Menstrual Bleeding Cessation in Iranian Traditional Medicine: Results From a Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.17795/semj21893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nam YS, Noh KC, Roh EJ, Keum G, Lee Y, Lee KB. Determination of Edible Vegetable Oil Adulterants in Sesame Oil Using1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.865199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tir R, Dutta PC, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY. Effect of the extraction solvent polarity on the sesame seeds oil composition. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Huang J, Song G, Zhang L, Sun Q, Lu X. A novel conversion of sesamolin to sesaminol by acidic cation exchange resin. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Grougnet R, Magiatis P, Laborie H, Lazarou D, Papadopoulos A, Skaltsounis AL. Sesamolinol glucoside, disaminyl ether, and other lignans from sesame seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:108-111. [PMID: 22148167 DOI: 10.1021/jf2040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of a procedure based on XAD-4 adsorption resin permitted the obtainment of an enriched polyphenolic extract from Sesamum indicum seeds. Chemical analysis of the obtained extract led to the identification of 12 lignans. Among them, 2 lignans, (+)-sesamolinol-4'-O-β-D-glucoside and disaminyl ether, are reported for the first time as natural compounds. Their structure has been determined by spectroscopic methods, mainly by the application of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques [heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC), and nuclear Overhauser effect spectrometry (NOESY)] and mass spectroscopy. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimutagenic activity. Among the tested lignans, the most active lignan was found to be sesamolin, followed by sesamolinol and samin, against H(2)O(2). Additionally, some of the tested lignans showed desmutagenic activity against benzo[a]pyrene (BaP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Grougnet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR CNRS 8638, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
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Rohman A, Man YBC. Palm oil analysis in adulterated sesame oil using chromatography and FTIR spectroscopy. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Effects of a diet rich in sesame (Sesamum indicum) pericarp on the expression of oestrogen receptor α and oestrogen receptor β in rat prostate and uterus. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:703-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509297194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The expression of oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) in the prostate and uterus tissues of Wistar rats supplied for 8 weeks with a diet rich in sesame (Sesamum indicum) pericarp (30 %) was monitored. Eight male rats, aged 6 weeks, were divided into a control group fed on a normal diet, and an experimental one, provided with the normal diet enriched with 30 % sesame pericarp. A similar experiment was performed with female rats. At the end of the experiment, the prostate and uterus tissues were surgically removed and kept at − 80°C for up to 2 months. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) methods were used in order to investigate the levels of receptor proteins and mRNA. Significant increase in the expression of ERβ in prostate and uterus was evident in both methods, while the magnitude of the observed alteration depended on the applied method. No statistically significant change was observed in the expression of ERα in uterus. In prostate, although the increase was more evident when investigated by means of qRT-PCR, the difference in expression of ERα was not statistically significant. In both tissues, a shift of the ratio of ERα:ERβ in favour of ERβ was evident, indicating, according to existing literature, a beneficial effect of the diet provided upon the health status of the organisms. It is suggested that this effect is attributed to the lignans present in the pericarp which exert phyto-oestrogenic activity.
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Struijs K, Vincken JP, Gruppen H. Comparison of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the detection of lignans from sesame seeds. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3615-3623. [PMID: 18946863 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In sesame seeds, high concentrations of lignans are present. When these lignans are fermented in the human colon, a range of structurally different lignans is formed. A good liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) protocol for the analysis of lignans in complex mixtures is lacking. In order to develop such a protocol, electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS, both in the positive and negative ionization mode, were compared. An extract from defatted sesame meal was analyzed by APCI-MS and ESI-MS, before and after deglucosylation. APCI-MS was found to be a more generic method than ESI-MS because lignans, especially sesamolin, sesamin and pinoresinol, were better detected by APCI-MS than by ESI-MS. Positive and negative ionization modes had to be combined in order to detect all lignans in a bacterial culture grown on aglyconic, acid-treated lignans from sesame oil and defatted sesame meal. Lignans with methylenedioxy-bridged furanofuran structures mostly lack phenolic hydroxyl groups and were, therefore, optimally detected in positive ionization mode. Dibenzylbutadiene lignans, which were formed during fermentation, carry hydroxyl groups and were better detected in negative ionization mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Struijs
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Laurentin H, Ratzinger A, Karlovsky P. Relationship between metabolic and genomic diversity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). BMC Genomics 2008; 9:250. [PMID: 18510719 PMCID: PMC2440766 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diversity estimates in cultivated plants provide a rationale for conservation strategies and support the selection of starting material for breeding programs. Diversity measures applied to crops usually have been limited to the assessment of genome polymorphism at the DNA level. Occasionally, selected morphological features are recorded and the content of key chemical constituents determined, but unbiased and comprehensive chemical phenotypes have not been included systematically in diversity surveys. Our objective in this study was to assess metabolic diversity in sesame by nontargeted metabolic profiling and elucidate the relationship between metabolic and genome diversity in this crop. Results Ten sesame accessions were selected that represent most of the genome diversity of sesame grown in India, Western Asia, Sudan and Venezuela based on previous AFLP studies. Ethanolic seed extracts were separated by HPLC, metabolites were ionized by positive and negative electrospray and ions were detected with an ion trap mass spectrometer in full-scan mode for m/z from 50 to 1000. Genome diversity was determined by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) using eight primer pair combinations. The relationship between biodiversity at the genome and at the metabolome levels was assessed by correlation analysis and multivariate statistics. Conclusion Patterns of diversity at the genomic and metabolic levels differed, indicating that selection played a significant role in the evolution of metabolic diversity in sesame. This result implies that when used for the selection of genotypes in breeding and conservation, diversity assessment based on neutral DNA markers should be complemented with metabolic profiles. We hypothesize that this applies to all crops with a long history of domestication that possess commercially relevant traits affected by chemical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Laurentin
- Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Biologic Sciences Department, Agronomy Faculty, Barquisimeto, Venezuela.
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Sukumar D, Arimboor R, Arumughan C. HPTLC fingerprinting and quantification of lignans as markers in sesame oil and its polyherbal formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:795-801. [PMID: 18448304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sesamum (Sesamum indicum) seed and its oil have been in use in Indian traditional medicine, 'Ayurveda' since antiquity. However, there has been no attempt to standardize the polyherbal formulations containing sesamum oil as the main ingredient in terms of its active principle or marker compound. Biologically active lignans in sesamum oil are identified as the marker compound for the oil and its formulations. In this report, a simple, rapid and sensitive HPTLC method is described for the first time to identify and quantify sesamin and sesamolin, the major lignans of the sesamum oil and the method was applied to polyherbal formulations containing the oil for their quantitative estimation. The method was validated in terms of its calibration curve, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy and robustness following standard protocols. The method thus developed was applied to sesamum oil and its commercial herbal formulations to quantify sesamin and sesamolin. The method for fingerprints of the formulations in the form of densitogram following charring of the chromatographic plate was also developed that could be useful for marker-based quality assurance of the polyherbal products containing sesamum oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sukumar
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
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Tocopherol, tocotrienol and plant sterol contents of vegetable oils and industrial fats. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yan G, Li Q, Tan H, Ge T. Electrospray ionization ion-trap time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry of two furofurans: sesamin and gmelinol. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:3613-3620. [PMID: 17939160 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(1-7)) in positive ion mode was used to determine the accurate masses and the fragmentation pathways of two furofurans, sesamin and gmelinol. The protonated molecules [M+H]+ were absent in the conventional mass spectra of both compounds, but two characteristic ions, [M+H-H(2)O]+ and [M+H-H(2)]+, were always observed. Successive losses of CH(2)O and CO are the common characteristic fragmentations. Based on the exact masses acquired from 21 different tandem mass spectra, two or three fragmentation pathways for each compound are proposed. The consecutive losses of two H(2)O molecules and one H(2) molecule readily take place from the furan rings for both sesamin and gmelinol, resulting in the absence of the protonated molecules in the single-stage experiments. HCHO loss is observed at least three times in the tandem mass spectra, mainly from methylenedioxy groups (OCH(2)O) for sesamin but only from tetrahydrofuran rings for gmelinol. Moreover, CO loss is found at least three times in the tandem mass spectra of both sesamin and gmelinol from the 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl (ArOCH(2)O) moieties for sesamin and from both the dimethoxyphenyl and the tetrahydrofuran ring moieties for gmelinol. In addition, the disubstituted benzyl cation ArCH(2)+ at m/z 135 for sesamin and at m/z 151 for gmelinol was found in the MS(3) spectra of both sesamin and gmelinol, which is very helpful in the identification of the compositions of 3,4-disubstituted groups on the benzene rings of the furofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoquan Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Grougnet R, Magiatis P, Mitaku S, Terzis A, Tillequin F, Skaltsounis AL. New lignans from the perisperm of Sesamum indicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:7570-4. [PMID: 17002423 DOI: 10.1021/jf061694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A procedure, based on XAD-4 adsorption resin, which permits the obtainment of enriched polyphenolic extracts from Sesamum indicum perisperm (coat) has been developed. Chemical analysis of the obtained extracts led to the identification of 16 lignans. Among them, two new lignans, (+)-saminol and (+)-episesaminone-9-O-beta-D-sophoroside, have been isolated. Additionally, the relative stereochemistry of (-)-sesamolactol, previously reported as todolactol A epimer, has been unequivocally defined using X-ray crystallography. The structures of all new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, mainly by the concerted application of 1D and 2D NMR techniques (HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Grougnet
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
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Lee J, Choe E. Extraction of Lignan Compounds from Roasted Sesame Oil and their Effects on the Autoxidation of Methyl Linoleate. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Detection of adulteration in camellia seed oil and sesame oil using an electronic nose. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200501224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pham LH, Vater J, Rotard W, Mügge C. Identification of secondary metabolites from Streptomyces violaceoruber TU22 by means of on-flow LC-NMR and LC-DAD-MS. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:710-23. [PMID: 16049955 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
For rapid screening of natural products from Actinomycetes, a combination of on-line couplings LC-NMR, LC-DAD-MS and HPLC-PDA, as well as MALDI-TOF-MS is particularly suitable. Simultaneous use of these coupling techniques provides considerable advantages for the rapid identification of natural compounds in mixtures. The results of our present investigation on secondary metabolite products of Streptomyces violaceoruber TU 22 showed that more than 50% of the identified metabolites are new compounds. The structures of four new polyketides (granaticin C, metenaticin A, B and C) as well as four known ones (granaticin A, granatomycin E, daidzein and genistein) have been elucidated using LC-NMR, LC-MS/MS and -MS(n) techniques in combination with two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Pham
- Inst. f. Chemie, AG Biochemie u. Molekulare Biologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
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KURATA S, YAMAGUCHI K, OHTSUKA S, NAGAI M. Rapid and Convenient Discrimination of Various Types of Fats and Oils by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2005. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.54.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoji KURATA
- Criminal Investigation Laboratory, Metropolitan Police Department
| | | | - Saki OHTSUKA
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Masatoshi NAGAI
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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