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Zhang J, Luan D. Microwave Heating Characteristics on Lipid Quality in Sterilized Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Using Designed Heating Processing. Foods 2024; 13:2727. [PMID: 39272493 PMCID: PMC11394339 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to simulate microwave heating characteristics to investigate the lipid quality in rainbow trout, including the impact of the heating rate, maximum temperature, and thermal processing level on the extent of lipid oxidation and on the fatty acid extraction coefficient. Increasing F0 from 3 to 6 min improved fatty acid retention at high heating rates but led to a decrease in the measured results at low heating rates. Elevated thermal processing levels and maximum temperatures were observed to intensify the oxidation. At F0 = 3 min, an increase in maximum temperature led to an increase in the total lipid extraction coefficient but a decrease in the fatty acid extraction coefficient. However, an increase in maximum temperature resulted in a decrease in both extraction coefficients when F0 was 6 min. The coefficient spectra of fatty acid extraction obtained from the microwave and traditional heat treatments showed nonparallel trends, confirming the presence of non-thermal effects during microwave thermal processing. In conclusion, compared to conventional heat treatment methods, microwave processing has significant potential for enhancing the lipid quality of ready-to-eat rainbow trout products and effectively reducing production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Donglei Luan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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2
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Morales AH, Pisa JH, Gómez MI, Romero CM, Vittone M, Massa AE, Lamas DL. Comparative oil extraction from mutt (Myliobatis goodei) liver by enzymatic hydrolysis: free versus immobilized biocatalyst. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2493-2501. [PMID: 37986264 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and fine-tuning of biotechnological processes for fish oil extraction constitute a very important focus to contribute to the development of a food industry based on fish consumption. This work lies in a comparative analysis of the oil extraction yield of Myliobatis goodei livers using free and immobilized enzymes. RESULTS An immobilized biocatalyst was designed from the cell-free extract of a Bacillus sp. Mcn4. A complete factorial design was used to study the components of the bacterial culture medium and select the condition with the highest titers of extracellular enzymatic activities. Wheat bran had a significant effect on the culture medium composition for enzymatic production. The immobilized biocatalyst was designed by covalent binding of the proteins present in the cocktail retaining a percentage of different types of enzymatic activities (Mult.Enz@MgFe2 O4 ). Among the biocatalyst used, Alcalase® 2.4 L and Purazyme® AS 60 L (free commercial proteases) showed extraction yields of 87.39% and 84.25%, respectively, while Mult.Enz@MgFe2 O4 achieved a better one of 89.97%. The oils obtained did not show significant differences in their physical-chemical properties while regarding the fatty acid content, the oil extracted with Purazyme® AS 60 L showed a comparatively lower proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the use of by-products of M. goodei is a valid alternative and encourages the use of immobilized multienzyme biocatalysts for the treatment of complex substrates in the fishing industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés H Morales
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biomateriales, Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos, PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - José H Pisa
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biomateriales, Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos, PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - María I Gómez
- Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - Cintia M Romero
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biomateriales, Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos, PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - Marina Vittone
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Agueda E Massa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituo de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, IIMYC, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela L Lamas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituo de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, IIMYC, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
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3
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Méndez L, Rodríguez A, Aubourg SP, Medina I. Low-Toxicity Solvents for the Extraction of Valuable Lipid Compounds from Octopus ( Octopus vulgaris) Waste. Foods 2023; 12:3631. [PMID: 37835284 PMCID: PMC10572350 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the recovery of valuable lipid compounds from octopus (Octopus vulgaris) by-products. Extraction conditions of total lipids (TLs), phospholipids (PLs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were optimized by employing a Simplex-Lattice design; for it, different relative concentrations of three low-toxicity solvents (ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) were considered. The optimization process was also addressed in reference to fatty acid (FA) ratios (total polyunsaturated FAs/total saturated FAs and total ω3 FAs/total ω6 FAs). The variance analysis of multiple regression data demonstrated that the quadratic model was significant (p < 0.05) for TL, PL, and DHA values and the ω3/ω6 ratio. As a result, the following optimized values were obtained: 113.8 g·kg-1 dry by-products (TLs), 217.3 g·kg-1 lipids (PLs), 22.55 g·100 g-1 total FAs (DHA), and 3.70 (ω3/ω6 ratio). According to the model developed, optimized values were shown to correspond to the following relative solvent concentrations (ethanol/acetone/ethyl acetate): 0.46/0.00/0.54, 0.93/0.07/0.00, 0.83/0.17/0.00, and 0.64/0.00/0.36, respectively. Comparison to yields obtained by the conventional chloroform/methanol method was carried out. A novel strategy based on the employment of low-toxicity solvents is proposed for the extraction of valuable lipid constituents from octopus waste. A different solvent ratio would be necessary according to the lipid compound concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Méndez
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Santiago P Aubourg
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Medina
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
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4
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Aubourg SP, Rodríguez A, Trigo M, Medina I. Yield Enhancement of Valuable Lipid Compounds from Squid ( Doryteuthis gahi) Waste by Ethanol/Acetone Extraction. Foods 2023; 12:2649. [PMID: 37509742 PMCID: PMC10379310 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study focused on the extraction of valuable lipid compounds from squid (Doryteuthis gahi) waste by a low-toxicity solvent mixture (ethanol/acetone, 50:50, v/v). The effect of the waste weight/solvent volume (WW/SV, g·mL-1) ratio and the number of extractions (NoE) on the total lipid (TL), phospholipid (PL), and tocopherol yields and on the fatty acid (FA) profile (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid contents; polyunsaturated FAs/saturated FAs and ω3/ω6 ratios) was investigated. As a result, an increased NoE led to an increased (p < 0.05) TL yield but a decreased (p < 0.05) proportion of PLs in the lipid extract. Additionally, a lower (p < 0.05) polyunsaturated FA/saturated FA ratio was detected by increasing the NoE. Some differences (p < 0.05) could be outlined as a result of increasing the WW/SV ratio; however, a definite trend for this extraction condition could not be concluded for any of the lipid parameters measured. Yield results were compared to those obtained by the conventional chloroform/methanol procedure. In order to attain an increased yield, the NoE required would depend on the polarity degree of the lipid molecule concerned. All ethanol/acetone extracting conditions tested led to remarkable yields for lipid compounds (PLs, α-tocopherol, ω3 FAs) and FA ratios with healthy, nutritional, and preserving properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago P Aubourg
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), c/E. Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, c/Santos Dumont, 964, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Marcos Trigo
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), c/E. Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Medina
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), c/E. Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
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5
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Aitta E, Damerau A, Marsol-Vall A, Fabritius M, Pajunen L, Kortesniemi M, Yang B. Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of fish oil from Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) with special reference to emulsion-formation, extraction efficiency, and composition of crude oil. Food Chem 2023; 424:136381. [PMID: 37220683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction (EAAE) is a green, and scalable method to produce oil and protein hydrolysates from fish. This study investigated the role of different parameters on emulsion formation, oil recovery, and the composition of crude oil during EAAE of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras). Fatty acid compositions, lipid classes, tocopherols, and oxidation status of the EAAE crude oils were studied. Compared to solvent-extracted oil, EAAE resulted in a lower content of phospholipids accompanied by a 57% decrease in docosahexaenoic acid. Changing fish to water ratio from 1:1 to 2:1 (w/w) with ethanol addition led to the greatest reduction (72%) of emulsion, which resulted in an increase in oil recovery by 11%. The addition of ethanol alone, or reduction of enzyme concentration from 0.4% to 0.1% also reduced emulsion-formation significantly. Overall, emulsion reduction resulted in higher content of triacylglycerols and n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the crude oil extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Aitta
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland.
| | - Annelie Damerau
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland.
| | - Alexis Marsol-Vall
- Laboratory for Aroma Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (UNIZAR-CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Mikael Fabritius
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland.
| | - Lumi Pajunen
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland.
| | - Maaria Kortesniemi
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland.
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland.
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6
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Garofalo SF, Cavallini N, Demichelis F, Savorani F, Mancini G, Fino D, Tommasi T. From tuna viscera to added-value products: A circular approach for fish-waste recovery by green enzymatic hydrolysis. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Comparative Study of Bioactive Lipid Extraction from Squid ( Doryteuthis gahi) by-Products by Green Solvents. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152188. [PMID: 35892773 PMCID: PMC9330110 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach of bioactive lipid extraction by different green solvents was carried out on squid (Doryteuthis gahi) by-products. By-products (viscera, heads, skin, tails, etc.), considered as a single product, were subjected to the following solvent systems: ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, 1/1 ethanol/acetone, 1/1 ethanol/ethyl acetate, and 1/1 acetone/ethyl acetate. Analyses carried out included lipid yield, lipid class content, and fatty acid (FA) composition. Results were compared to the lipid extract obtained by the traditional procedure (1/1 chloroform/methanol). Lipid yields obtained by green solvents led to a 33.4−73.2% recovery compared to traditional extraction; the highest values (p < 0.05) were obtained by ethanol-containing systems. Compared to the traditional procedure, ethanol systems showed an 85.8−90.3% recovery of phospholipid compounds and no differences (p > 0.05) in the ω3/ω6 ratio. Green-extracting systems led to higher average values for eicosapentaenoic acid content (15.66−18.56 g·100 g−1 total FAs) and polyene index (1.93−3.29) than chloroform/methanol extraction; differences were significant (p < 0.05) for systems including acetone and ethyl acetate. No differences (p > 0.05) were detected for docosahexaenoic acid content between the traditional procedure and green systems, with all values being included in the 31.12−32.61 g·100 g−1 total FA range. The suitability of EtOH-containing green systems for extraction of bioactive lipid compounds from squid by-products was concluded.
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8
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Otero P, Carpena M, Fraga-Corral M, Garcia-Oliveira P, Soria-Lopez A, Barba F, Xiao JB, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto M. Aquaculture and agriculture-by products as sustainable sources of omega-3 fatty acids in the food industry. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.53365/efood.k/144603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of by-products is currently a matter of great concern to improve the sustainability of the food industry. High quality by-products derived from the food chain are omega-3 fatty acids, being fish the main source of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. The search for economic and sustainable sources following the standards of circular economy had led to search for strategies that put in value new resources to obtain different omega-3 fatty acids, which could be further employed in the development of new industrial products without producing more wastes and economic losses. In this sense, seeds and vegetables, fruits and crustaceans by products can be an alternative. This review encompasses all these aspects on omega-3 fatty acids profile from marine and agri-food by-products together with their extraction and purification technologies are reported. These comprise conventional techniques like extraction with solvents, cold press, and wet pressing and, more recently proposed ones like, supercritical fluids fractionation and purification by chromatographic methods. The information collected indicates a trend to combine different conventional and emerging technologies to improve product yields and purity. This paper also addresses encapsulation strategies for their integration in novel foods to achieve maximum consumer acceptance and to ensure their effectiveness.
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9
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Rodríguez A, Trigo M, Aubourg SP, Medina I. Optimisation of Healthy-Lipid Content and Oxidative Stability during Oil Extraction from Squid ( Illex argentinus) Viscera by Green Processing. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110616. [PMID: 34822487 PMCID: PMC8618224 DOI: 10.3390/md19110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Green extraction was applied to Argentinean shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) viscera, consisting of a wet pressing method including a drying step, mechanic pressing, centrifugation of the resulting slurry, and oil collection. To maximise the oil yield and ω3 fatty acid content and to minimise the oil damage degree, a response surface methodology (RSM) design was developed focused on the drying temperature (45-85 °C) and time (30-90 min). In general, an increase of the drying time and temperature provided an increase in the lipid yield recovery from the viscera. The strongest drying conditions showed a higher recovery than 50% when compared with the traditional chemical method. The docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid contents in the extracted oil revealed scarce dependence on drying conditions, showing valuable ranges (149.2-166.5 and 88.7-102.4 g·kg-1 oil, respectively). Furthermore, the values of free fatty acids, peroxides, conjugated dienes, and ω3/ω6 ratio did not show extensive differences by comparing oils obtained from the different drying conditions. Contrary, a polyene index (PI) decrease was detected with increasing drying time and temperature. The RSM analysis indicated that optimised drying time (41.3 min) and temperature (85 °C) conditions would lead to 74.73 g·kg-1 (oil yield), 1.87 (PI), and 6.72 (peroxide value) scores, with a 0.67 desirability value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, C/Santos Dumont, 964, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Marcos Trigo
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), c/E. Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (M.T.); (I.M.)
| | - Santiago P. Aubourg
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), c/E. Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (M.T.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986231930
| | - Isabel Medina
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), c/E. Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (M.T.); (I.M.)
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Aitta E, Marsol-Vall A, Damerau A, Yang B. Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fish Oil from Whole Fish and by-Products of Baltic Herring ( Clupea harengus membras). Foods 2021; 10:foods10081811. [PMID: 34441588 PMCID: PMC8392381 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) is one of the most abundant commercially caught fish species from the Baltic Sea. Despite the high content of fat and omega-3 fatty acids, the consumption of Baltic herring has decreased dramatically over the last four decades, mostly due to the small sizes and difficulty in processing. At the same time there is an increasing global demand for fish and fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. This study aimed to investigate enzyme-assisted oil extraction as an environmentally friendly process for valorizing the underutilized fish species and by-products to high quality fish oil for human consumption. Three different commercially available proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase®, Neutrase® and Protamex®) and two treatment times (35 and 70 min) were investigated in the extraction of fish oil from whole fish and by-products from filleting of Baltic herring. The oil quality and stability were studied with peroxide- and p-anisidine value analyses, fatty acid analysis with GC-FID, and volatile compounds with HS-SPME-GC-MS. Overall, longer extraction times led to better oil yields but also increased oxidation of the oil. For whole fish, the highest oil yields were from the 70-min extractions with Neutrase and Protamex. Protamex extraction with 35 min resulted in the best fatty acid composition with the highest content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) but also increased oxidation compared to treatment with other enzymes. For by-products, the highest oil yield was obtained from the 70-min extraction with Protamex without significant differences in EPA and DHA contents among the oils extracted with different enzymes. Oxidation was lowest in the oil produced with 35-min treatment using Neutrase and Protamex. This study showed the potential of using proteolytic enzymes in the extraction of crude oil from Baltic herring and its by-products. However, further research is needed to optimize enzymatic processing of Baltic herring and its by-products to improve yield and quality of crude oil.
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11
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Extraction of fish oil from fish heads using ultra-high pressure pre-treatment prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Statistical Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Salmon Oil via Enzymatic Transesterification: Investigation of the Effects of Various Operational Parameters. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic transesterification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) oil was carried out using Novozym 435 (immobilized lipase from Candida antartica) to produce biodiesel. A response surface modelling design was performed to investigate the relationship between biodiesel yield and several critical factors, including enzyme concentration (5, 10, or 15%), temperature (40, 45, or 50 °C), oil/alcohol molar ratio (1:3, 1:4, or 1:5) and time (8, 16, or 24 h). The results indicated that the effects of all the factors were statistically significant at p-values of 0.000 for biodiesel production. The optimum parameters for biodiesel production were determined as 10% enzyme concentration, 45 °C, 16 h, and 1:4 oil/alcohol molar ratio, leading to a biodiesel yield of 87.23%. The step-wise addition of methanol during the enzymatic transesterification further increased the biodiesel yield to 94.5%. This is the first study that focused on Atlantic salmon oil-derived biodiesel production, which creates a paradigm for valorization of Atlantic salmon by-products that would also reduce the consumption and demand of plant oils derived from crops and vegetables.
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13
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Marsol-Vall A, Aitta E, Guo Z, Yang B. Green technologies for production of oils rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from aquatic sources. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:2942-2962. [PMID: 33480261 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1861426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fish and algae are the major sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Globally, there is a rapid increase in demand for n-3 PUFA-rich oils. Conventional oil production processes use high temperature and chemicals, compromising the oil quality and the environment. Hence, alternative green technologies have been investigated for producing oils from aquatic sources. While most of the studies have focused on the oil extraction and enrichment of n-3 PUFAs, less effort has been directed toward green refining of oils from fish and algae. Enzymatic processing and ultrasound-assisted extraction with environment-friendly solvents are the most promising green technologies for extracting fish oil, whereas pressurized extractions are suitable for extracting microalgae oil. Lipase-catalysed ethanolysis of fish and algae oil is a promising green technology for enriching n-3 PUFAs. Green refining technologies such as phospholipase- and membrane-assisted degumming deserve investigation for application in fish and algal oils. In the current review, we critically examined the currently existing research on technologies applied at each of the steps involved in the production of oils rich in n-3 PUFAs from fish and algae species. Special attention was placed on assessment of green technologies in comparison with conventional processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Marsol-Vall
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ella Aitta
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Zheng Guo
- Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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14
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Liu Y, Ramakrishnan VV, Dave D. Enzymatic hydrolysis of farmed Atlantic salmon by-products: Investigation of operational parameters on extracted oil yield and quality. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Abdollahi M, Undeland I. A novel cold biorefinery approach for isolation of high quality fish oil in parallel with gel-forming proteins. Food Chem 2020; 332:127294. [PMID: 32615378 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pH-shift process for isolation of gel-forming proteins from fish processing by-products was extended to allow parallel isolation of fish oil. Subjecting the floating emulsion layer formed during pH-shift processing of salmon by-products to pH-adjustment or freeze/thawing efficiently released the emulsified oil at 4 °C. However, for herring by-products higher temperature (10 °C) and a combination of the emulsion-breaking techniques was required for efficient oil release. Oil recovery yield using the adjusted pH-shift process was lower than with classic heat-induced oil isolation (90 °C/20 min), but pH-shift-produced oils had higher amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). Also, alkaline pH-shift processing produced oils with remarkably less oxidation products and free fatty acids compared with acid pH-shift process or heat-induced isolation. Extending the pH-shift process with emulsion breaking techniques can thus be a promising biorefinery approach for parallel cold production of high-quality fish oil and gel-forming proteins from fish by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abdollahi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ingrid Undeland
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Liu Y, Ramakrishnan VV, Dave D. Lipid class and fatty acid composition of oil extracted from Atlantic salmon by-products under different optimization parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Microencapsulation of fish oil – determination of optimal wall material and encapsulation methodology. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Behera SS. Dietary Fish Oil Concentrates Associated Health Benefits: A Recent Development of Cardiovascular Risk Reduction. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4053-4062. [PMID: 31721698 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191112141320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil is an abundant source of omega-3 (n-3 or ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and contains Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). PUFAs are very effective in preventing/ inhibiting cardiovascular incidents, particularly in individuals with high cardiovascular risk/accidents. In this review, composition, extraction of fish oil and its favorable/beneficial effects in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) and molecular mechanism for its treatment/reduction have been discussed. Moreover, the application of fish oil for preventive/protective and remedial/curative properties in nutritive and health benefits has been summarized. All these aspects further search the opportunities/hope and scope with its expected opening and anticipations/ possibilities to provide additional therapeutic substitutes for the reduction of CVDs and registration of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu S Behera
- Department of Fisheries and Animal Resource Development, Government of Odisha, India
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19
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Li W, Liu Y, Jiang W, Yan X. Proximate Composition and Nutritional Profile of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Heads and Skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus Pelamis) Heads. Molecules 2019; 24:E3189. [PMID: 31480782 PMCID: PMC6749204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the application potential of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) heads and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) heads; proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, carnosine, and anserine contents were analyzed in this study. Rainbow trout heads showed significantly higher protein (29.31 g/100 g FW, FW is abbreviation of fresh weight) and lipid (6.03 g/100 g FW) contents than skipjack tuna heads (18.47 g/100 g FW protein and 4.83 g/100 g FW lipid) (p < 0.05). Rainbow trout heads and skipjack tuna heads exhibited similar amino acid composition. Essential amino acids constituted more than 40% of total amino acids in both rainbow trout head and skipjack tuna head. The fatty acid profile was different between rainbow trout heads and skipjack tuna heads. Rainbow trout heads mainly contained 38.64% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and 38.57% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), whereas skipjack tuna heads mainly contained 54.46% saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Skipjack tuna heads contained 4563 mg/kg FW anserine and 1761 mg/kg FW carnosine, which were both significantly higher than those of rainbow trout heads (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that both rainbow trout heads and skipjack tuna heads may be used as materials for recycling high-quality protein. Meanwhile, rainbow trout heads can be used to extract oil with high contents of unsaturated fatty acids, while skipjack tuna heads may be a source for obtaining carnosine and anserine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Li
- Key Laboratory of Key Technical Factors in Zhejiang Seafood Health Hazards, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- Laboratory of Seafood Processing, Innovative and Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Key Technical Factors in Zhejiang Seafood Health Hazards, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- Laboratory of Seafood Processing, Innovative and Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Key Technical Factors in Zhejiang Seafood Health Hazards, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
- Laboratory of Seafood Processing, Innovative and Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Laboratory of Seafood Processing, Innovative and Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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20
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Lamas DL, Massa AE. Ray Liver Oils Obtained by Different Methodologies: Characterization and Refining. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1605554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lorena Lamas
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Research IIMYC, UNMdP, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Institute of Fisheries Research and Development, INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agueda Elena Massa
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Research IIMYC, UNMdP, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Institute of Fisheries Research and Development, INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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