1
|
Singh P, Nath M. Tandem C–S Coupling and Debrominative Cyclization Enables an Easy Access to β-Thiazole-Fused Porphyrins. Org Lett 2022; 24:8586-8591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pargat Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Mahendra Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
β-Pyrrole functionalized porphyrins: Synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in sensing and DSSC. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
3
|
Cordones AA, Pemmaraju CD, Lee JH, Zegkinoglou I, Ragoussi ME, Himpsel FJ, de la Torre G, Schoenlein RW. Excited-State Charge Distribution of a Donor-π-Acceptor Zn Porphyrin Probed by N K-Edge Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1182-1188. [PMID: 33480697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc porphyrin solar cell dyes with donor-π-acceptor architectures combine light absorber (π), electron-donor, and electron-acceptor moieties inside a single molecule with atomic precision. The donor-π-acceptor design promotes the separation of charge carriers following optical excitation. Here, we probe the excited-state electronic structure within such molecules by combining time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the N K-edge with first-principles time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Customized Zn porphyrins with strong-donor triphenylamine groups or weak-donor tri-tert-butylbenzene groups were synthesized. Energetically well-separated N K-edge absorption features simultaneously probe the excited-state electronic structure from the perspectives of the macrocycle and triphenylamine N atoms. New absorption transitions between the macrocycle N atoms and the excited-state HOMO vacancy are observed, and the triphenylamine associated absorption feature blue-shifts, consistent with partial oxidation of the donor groups in the excited state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - C Das Pemmaraju
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ioannis Zegkinoglou
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria-Eleni Ragoussi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Franz J Himpsel
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert W Schoenlein
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simón Marqués P, Castán JMA, Raul BAL, Londi G, Ramirez I, Pshenichnikov MS, Beljonne D, Walzer K, Blais M, Allain M, Cabanetos C, Blanchard P. Triphenylamine/Tetracyanobutadiene-Based π-Conjugated Push-Pull Molecules End-Capped with Arene Platforms: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Photovoltaic Response. Chemistry 2020; 26:16422-16433. [PMID: 32701173 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated push-pull molecules based on triphenylamine and 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene (TCBD) have been functionalized with different terminal arene units. In solution, these highly TCBD-twisted systems showed a strong internal charge transfer band in the visible spectrum and no detectable photoluminescence (PL). Photophysical and theoretical investigations revealed very short singlet excited state deactivation time of ≈10 ps resulting from significant conformational changes of the TCBD-arene moiety upon photoexcitation, opening a pathway for non-radiative decay. The PL was recovered in vacuum-processed films or when the molecules were dispersed in a PMMA matrix leading to a significant increase of the excited state deactivation time. As shown by cyclic voltammetry, these molecules can act as electron donors compared to C60 . Hence, vacuum-processed planar heterojunction organic solar cells were fabricated leading to a maximum power conversion efficiency of ca. 1.9 % which decreases with the increase of the arene size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Simón Marqués
- MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR MATRIX, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - José María Andrés Castán
- MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR MATRIX, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Benedito A L Raul
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Londi
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Ivan Ramirez
- HELIATEK GmbH, Treidlerstraße 3, 01139, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxim S Pshenichnikov
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Karsten Walzer
- HELIATEK GmbH, Treidlerstraße 3, 01139, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Blais
- MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR MATRIX, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Magali Allain
- MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR MATRIX, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Clément Cabanetos
- MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR MATRIX, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Blanchard
- MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR MATRIX, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, ANGERS Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Longevial JF, Miyagawa K, Shinokubo H. Site-selective halogenation on meso-mesityl substituents of 10,20-dimesityl-5,15-diazaporphyrins with an AuX 3/AgOTf combination. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14786-14789. [PMID: 33030186 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have developed site-selective bromination on the mesityl substituents of 10,20-dimesityl-5,15-diazaporphyrins. Treatment of 10,20-dimesityl-5,15-diazaporphyrin and its nickel(ii) complex with a combination of AuBr3/AgOTf induced selective bromination on the mesityl groups. These brominated products can be employed for late-stage modification of the aryl substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Longevial
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Strelnikov AA, Konev AS, Levin OV, Khlebnikov AF, Iwasaki A, Yamanouchi K, Tkachenko NV. Switching Competition between Electron and Energy Transfers in Porphyrin-Fullerene Dyads. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10899-10912. [PMID: 32960597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin-fullerene dyads were intensively studied as molecular donor-acceptor systems providing efficient photoinduced charge separation (CS). A practical advantage of the dyads is the possibility to tune its CS process by the porphyrin periphery modification, which allows one to optimize the dyad for particular applications. However, this tuning process is typically composed of a series of trial stages involving the development of complex synthetic schemes. To address the issue, we synthesized a series of dyads with properties switching between electron and energy transfer in both polar (benzonitrile) and nonpolar (toluene) media and developed a computation procedure with sufficient reliability by which we can predict the CS properties of the dyad in different media and design new dyads. The dyads photochemistry was established by conducting ultrafast transient absorption studies in toluene, anisole, and benzonitrile. The most crucial step in computational modeling was to establish a procedure for correction of the electronic-state energies obtained by DFT so that the effects of the electron correlation and the long-range interactions are properly incorporated. We also carried out standard electrochemical measurements and show that our computation approach predicts better thermodynamics of the dyads in different solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem A Strelnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander S Konev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Oleg V Levin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Atsushi Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamanouchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere 33101, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Langmar O, Fazio E, Schol P, de la Torre G, Costa RD, Torres T, Guldi DM. Controlling Interfacial Charge Transfer and Fill Factors in CuO‐based Tandem Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4056-4060. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Langmar
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsUniversity of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ettore Fazio
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Peter Schol
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsUniversity of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsUniversity of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Materiales c/Eric Kandel, 2, Tecnogetafe 28906 Getafe Madrid Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia c/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsUniversity of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adinehnia M, Eskelsen JR, Hipps KW, Mazur U. Mechanical behavior of crystalline ionic porphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of six different binary ionic porphyrin crystals with variable morphologies were measured and correlated with their structural properties. These solids were formed from stoichiometric combinations of negatively charged tectons, meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP), Cu(II) meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (CuTSPP), Ni(II) meso-tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (NiTSPP), and four different cationic tectons, namely, meso-tetra (4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP), tetra([Formula: see text]-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP), Cu(II) meso-tetra([Formula: see text]-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (CuTMPyP), Ni(II) meso-tetra([Formula: see text]-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (NiTMPyP), and tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP). Crystal structures were determined from single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction patterns. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopes (SEM and AFM) provided topographical information. The common arrangement of the porphyrin tectons within the crystals is consistent with alternating face-to-face molecular arrangement forming coherent columns along the fast-growing long axis which are held together by electrostatic and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] interactions as well as hydrogen bonding. In acquiring the indentation data of the porphyrin crystals using AFM, stress was applied perpendicular to the direction where ionic and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] bonds dominate the packing. At indent loads [Formula: see text]50 nN/nm2, all the porphyrin structures deformed elastically. Young’s modulus ([Formula: see text] values for the different crystals range from 6 to 28 GPa. In a broader perspective, this study highlights the extraordinary mechanical behavior of porphyrin assemblies formed by ionic self-assembly. Judicious selection of charged porphyrin synthons can yield crystalline materials with mechanical properties that combine the elastic characteristics of ‘soft’ polymers with the stiffness of composite materials. Such high-performance materials are excellent candidates for deformable optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Adinehnia
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | | | - K. W. Hipps
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | - Ursula Mazur
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee SH, Matula AJ, Hu G, Troiano JL, Karpovich CJ, Crabtree RH, Batista VS, Brudvig GW. Strongly Coupled Phenazine-Porphyrin Dyads: Light-Harvesting Molecular Assemblies with Broad Absorption Coverage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8000-8008. [PMID: 30698407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of light-harvesting architectures with broad absorption coverage in the visible region continues to be an important research area in the field of artificial photosynthesis. Here, we introduce a new class of ethynyl-linked panchromatic dyads composed of dibenzophenazines coupled ortho and meta to tetrapyrroles with an anchoring group that can be grafted onto metal oxide surfaces. Quantum chemical calculations and photophysical measurements of the synthesized materials reveal that both of the dibenzophenazine dyads absorb broadly from 300 to 636 nm and exhibit absorption bands different from those of the constituent chromophore units. Moreover, the different points of attachment of dibenzophenazines to tetrapyrroles give different absorption profiles which computations suggest result from differences in the planarity of the two dyads. Applicability of the dyads in artificial photosynthesis systems was assessed by their incorporation and characterization of their performance in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Adam J Matula
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Gongfang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Troiano
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Christopher J Karpovich
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Langmar O, Fazio E, Schol P, de la Torre G, Costa RD, Torres T, Guldi DM. Steuerung des Grenzflächen‐Ladungstransfers und des Fill‐Factors in CuO‐basierten Grätzel‐Tandemzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Langmar
- Department Chemie und PharmazieInterdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Ettore Fazio
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Peter Schol
- Department Chemie und PharmazieInterdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spanien
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- Department Chemie und PharmazieInterdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Materiales c/Eric Kandel, 2, Tecnogetafe 28906 Getafe Madrid Spanien
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spanien
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia c/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department Chemie und PharmazieInterdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fazio E, Winterfeld KA, López-Pérez A, Torres T, Guldi DM, de la Torre G. Synergy of light harvesting and energy transfer as well as short-range charge shift reactions in multicomponent conjugates. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22400-22408. [PMID: 30475370 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report herein on the design, the synthesis, and the characterization of a panchromatic, charge stabilizing electron donor-acceptor conjugate: (BBPA)3-ZnPor-ZnPc-SubPc 1. Each component, that is, bis(biphenyl)phenylamine (BBPA), Zn(ii) porphyrin (ZnPor), Zn(ii) phthalocyanine ZnPc, and subphthalocyanine (SubPc), has been carefully chosen and modified to enable a cascade of energy and charge transfer processes. On one hand, ZnPor, has been functionalized with three electron-donating BBPA as primary and secondary electron donors and to stabilize the final charge-separated state, and, on the other hand, a perfluorinated SubPc has been selected as ultimate electron acceptor. In addition, the ZnPc unit contains several trifluoromethylphenyl moieties to match its energy levels to those of the other components. In fact, irradiation of the heteroarray 1 triggers a cascade of light harvesting across the entire visible range, unidirectional energy transfer, exergonic charge separating, and short-range charge shifting to afford in 14% quantum yield a (BBPA)3˙+-ZnPor-ZnPc-SubPc˙- charge-separated state. The lifetime of the latter reaches well into the range of tens of nanoseconds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Fazio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Borders B, Adinehnia M, Rosenkrantz N, van Zijll M, Hipps KW, Mazur U. Photoconductive behavior of binary porphyrin crystalline assemblies. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of photoconductivity in a crystalline photoconductor synthesized from 1:1 ratio of meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP) and meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) ionic tectons was examined. The rod-like crystals of TPyP:TSPP insulate in the dark but become photoconducting on illumination and a portion of the photoinduced current persists after the laser light is turned off. This persistent photoconductivity (PPC) is investigated as a function of laser illumination wavelength, laser power, and sample temperature. The primary charge carriers in the TPyP:TSPP upon photoexcitation are electrons and the charge recombination mechanism follows monomolecular kinetics. The number of electrons contributing to the photocurrent is directly proportional to the number of photons absorbed thus, the mechanisms of the photoconductivity resulting from excitations within the Soret band and the Q-band are the same. The PPC is interpreted to be the result of the formation of photoinduced metastable defects that allow for Miller–Abrahams-like hopping conductivity. The TPyP:TSPP has an incommensurately modulated crystal lattice and its proposed model structure is based on both ionic and neutral porphyrin tectons. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the porphyrin crystals undergo dehydration on heating (˜50 ∘C) by losing water molecules located in the crystalline channels. Temperature dependent XRD indicates that dehydration causes irreversible changes to the crystal structure. The loss of crystallinity observed with heating the TPyP:TSPP crystals above 90 ∘C causes approximately 25% loss in photoconductivity but has little effect on the lifetime associated with the persistent photoconductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Borders
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Morteza Adinehnia
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Naomi Rosenkrantz
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Marshall van Zijll
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K. W. Hipps
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Ursula Mazur
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Donatoni MC, Vieira YW, Brocksom TJ, Rabelo AC, Leite ER, de Oliveira KT. One-pot sequential functionalizations of meso-tetrathienylporphyrins via Heck–Mizoroki cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Azarias C, Jacquemin D. Elucidating the Nature of Carbazole–Porphyrinoids with First-Principle Approaches. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2824-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Azarias
- CEISAM,
UMR CNRS
6230, BP 92208, Université de Nantes, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM,
UMR CNRS
6230, BP 92208, Université de Nantes, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zervaki GE, Tsaka V, Vatikioti A, Georgakaki I, Nikolaou V, Sharma GD, Coutsolelos AG. A triazine di(carboxy)porphyrin dyad versus a triazine di(carboxy)porphyrin triad for sensitizers in DSSCs. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:13550-64. [PMID: 26134439 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01141h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two porphyrin-chromophores, i.e. triad PorZn-(PorCOOH)(2)-(piper)2 (GZ-T1) and dyad (PorZn)(2)-NMe2 (GZ-T1), have been synthesized and their photophysical and electrochemical properties have been investigated. The optical properties together with the appropriate electronic energy levels, i.e. the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, revealed that both porphyrin assemblies can function as sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The and -based DSSCs have been prepared and studied using 20 mM CDCA as coadsorbent and were found to exhibit an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.88% and 4.56%, respectively (under an illumination intensity of 100 mW cm(-2) with TiO(2) films of 12 μm). The higher PCE of the -sensitized DSSC, as revealed from the current-voltage characteristic under illumination and the incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra of the two DSSCs, is mainly attributed to its enhanced short circuit current (J(sc)), although both the open circuit voltage (V(oc)) and the fill factor are improved too. The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) demonstrated a shorter electron transport time, longer electron lifetime and higher charge recombination resistance for the DSSC sensitized with the dye as well as a larger dye loading onto the TiO(2) surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Zervaki
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bromby AD, Keller SN, Bozek KJA, Williams VE, Sutherland TC. Pi-Extended Ethynyl 21,23-Dithiaporphyrins: A Synthesis and Comparative Study of Electrochemical, Optical, and Self-Assembling Properties. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9401-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D. Bromby
- University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Samantha N. Keller
- University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kevin J. A. Bozek
- Simon Fraser University, 8888
University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Vance E. Williams
- Simon Fraser University, 8888
University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Todd C. Sutherland
- University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Urbani M, Grätzel M, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Meso-substituted porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12330-96. [PMID: 25495339 DOI: 10.1021/cr5001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Luo JH, Li QS, Yang LN, Sun ZZ, Li ZS. Theoretical design of porphyrazine derivatives as promising sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|