1
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Jain A, Regina A, Kumari A, Patra R, Paranjothy M, Rana NK. Reusable Supported Pyridine-Mediated Cascade Synthesis of trans-2,3-Dihydroindoles via In Situ-Generated N-Ylide. Org Lett 2023; 25:3790-3795. [PMID: 37184141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Merrifield resin-anchored pyridines were prepared and applied as reusable mediators for trans-selective cascade synthesis of 2,3-dihydroindoles. The developed approach relied on in situ N-ylide formation followed by Michael substitution reactions. The cascade reaction was also carried out efficiently with simple pyridine. The products were further transformed into synthetically valuable compounds, and supported pyridine was reused for multiple cycles. Density functional theory calculations confirmed the trans-selectivity as the lower-energy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Anitta Regina
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Akanksha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Ranjan Patra
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Manikandan Paranjothy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Nirmal K Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
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2
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Abstract
Cyclopropanes that carry an electron-accepting group react as electrophiles in polar, ring-opening reactions. Analogous reactions at cyclopropanes with additional C2 substituents allow one to access difunctionalized products. Consequently, functionalized cyclopropanes are frequently used building blocks in organic synthesis. The polarization of the C1-C2 bond in 1-acceptor-2-donor-substituted cyclopropanes not only favorably enhances reactivity toward nucleophiles but also directs the nucleophilic attack toward the already substituted C2 position. Monitoring the kinetics of non-catalytic ring-opening reactions with a series of thiophenolates and other strong nucleophiles, such as azide ions, in DMSO provided the inherent SN2 reactivity of electrophilic cyclopropanes. The experimentally determined second-order rate constants k 2 for cyclopropane ring-opening reactions were then compared to those of related Michael additions. Interestingly, cyclopropanes with aryl substituents at the C2 position reacted faster than their unsubstituted analogues. Variation of the electronic properties of the aryl groups at C2 gave rise to parabolic Hammett relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eitzinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5–13, 81377München, Germany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5–13, 81377München, Germany
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3
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Necibi F, Ben Salah S, Hierso J, Fleurat‐Lessard P, Ayachi S, Boubaker T. Nucleophilicity Parameters for Nitroalkyl Anions in Methanol and Structure‐Reactivity Analysis. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feriel Necibi
- Laboratoire de Chimie hétérocyclique Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11ES39) Faculté des Sciences Université de Monastir Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisie
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (UMR CNRS 6302) Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (UBFC) 9 Avenue Alain Savary 21000 Dijon France
| | - Saida Ben Salah
- Laboratoire de Chimie hétérocyclique Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11ES39) Faculté des Sciences Université de Monastir Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisie
| | - Jean‐Cyrille Hierso
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (UMR CNRS 6302) Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (UBFC) 9 Avenue Alain Savary 21000 Dijon France
| | - Paul Fleurat‐Lessard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (UMR CNRS 6302) Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (UBFC) 9 Avenue Alain Savary 21000 Dijon France
| | - Sahbi Ayachi
- Laboratoire de physico-chimie des matériaux (LR01ES19) Faculté des Sciences Université de Monastir Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Taoufik Boubaker
- Laboratoire de Chimie hétérocyclique Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11ES39) Faculté des Sciences Université de Monastir Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisie
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4
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Alizadeh A, Rostampoor A. A Convenient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Coumarin‐pyrrolo[2,1‐
a
]isoquinoline‐1‐carbaldehydes from Isoquinoline, 2‐Bromoacetophenones and Coumarin‐β‐chlorovinyl Aldehydes. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolali Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175 Tehran Iran
| | - Azar Rostampoor
- Department of Chemistry Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175 Tehran Iran
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5
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Rkein B, Manneveau M, Noël-Duchesneau L, Pasturaud K, Durandetti M, Legros J, Lakhdar S, Chataigner I. How electrophilic are 3-nitroindoles? Mechanistic investigations and application to a reagentless (4+2) cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10071-10074. [PMID: 34515263 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The electrophilicity of 4 different 3-nitroindole derivatives has been evaluated by Mayr's linear free energy relationship (log k(20 °C) = sN(E + N)) and reveals unexpected values for aromatic compounds, in the nitrostyrene range. 3-Nitroindoles are sufficiently electrophilic to interact with a common diene namely the Danishefsky's diene at room temperature, in the absence of any activator, to furnish smoothly the dearomatized (4+2) cycloadducts in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Rkein
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Maxime Manneveau
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | | | - Karine Pasturaud
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Muriel Durandetti
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Julien Legros
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- Normandie Univ., ENSICAEN, Unicaen, CNRS, LCMT, 14000 Caen, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France. .,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT UMR7616, 75005 Paris, France
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6
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Kang YC, Treacy SM, Rovis T. Iron-Catalyzed Photoinduced LMCT: a 1° C-H Abstraction Enables Skeletal Rearrangements and C(sp 3)-H Alkylation. ACS Catal 2021; 11:7442-7449. [PMID: 35669035 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we disclose an iron-catalyzed method to access skeletal rearrangement reactions akin to the Dowd-Beckwith ring expansion from unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. Photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer at the iron center generates a chlorine radical, which abstracts electron-rich C(sp3)-H bonds. The resulting unstable alkyl radicals can undergo rearrangement in the presence of suitable functionality. Addition to an electron deficient olefin, recombination with a photoreduced iron complex, and subsequent protodemetallation allows for redox-neutral alkylation of the resulting radical. Simple adjustments to the reaction conditions enable the selective synthesis of the directly alkylated or the rearranged-alkylated products. As a radical clock, these rearrangements also enable the measurement of rate constants of addition into various electron deficient olefins in the Giese reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cheng Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sean M. Treacy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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7
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Mayer RJ, Allihn PWA, Hampel N, Mayer P, Sieber SA, Ofial AR. Electrophilic reactivities of cyclic enones and α,β-unsaturated lactones. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4850-4865. [PMID: 34163736 PMCID: PMC8179571 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivities of cyclic enones and α,β-unsaturated lactones were characterized by following the kinetics of their reactions with colored carbon-centered reference nucleophiles in DMSO at 20 °C. The experimentally determined second-order rate constants k2 were analyzed with the Mayr–Patz equation, lg k = sN(N + E), to furnish the electrophilicity descriptors E for the Michael acceptors. Cyclic enones and lactones show different reactivity trends than their acyclic analogs. While cyclization reduces the reactivity of enones slightly, α,β-unsaturated lactones are significantly more reactive Michael acceptors than analogously substituted open-chain esters. The observed reactivity trends were rationalized through quantum-chemically calculated Gibbs energy profiles (at the SMD(DMSO)/M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory) and distortion interaction analysis for the reactions of the cyclic Michael acceptors with a sulfonium ylide. The electrophilicities of simplified electrophilic fragments reflect the general reactivity pattern of structurally more complex terpene-derived cyclic enones and sesquiterpene lactones, such as parthenolide. Different reactivity trends for cyclic and acyclic Michael acceptors were found within the framework of Mayr's experimental reactivity scales and analyzed through quantum-chemical studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Patrick W A Allihn
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Nathalie Hampel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
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8
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Xu FS, Yan C, Sun J, Yan CG. Efficient synthesis of tetra- and penta-substituted benzenes via a domino annulation reaction of a pyridinium ylide and chalcone o-enolate. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A very simple and highly efficient protocol for synthesizing tetra- and penta-substituted benzene derivatives has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Shun Xu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chen Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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9
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Capaldo L, Ertl M, Fagnoni M, Knör G, Ravelli D. Antimony-Oxo Porphyrins as Photocatalysts for Redox-Neutral C-H to C-C Bond Conversion. ACS Catal 2020; 10:9057-9064. [PMID: 33815891 PMCID: PMC8009479 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of high-valent antimony-oxo porphyrins as visible-light photocatalysts operating via direct hydrogen atom transfer has been demonstrated. Computational analysis indicates that the triplet excited state of these complexes shows an oxyl radical behavior, while the SbV center remains in a high-valent oxidation state, serving uniquely to carry the oxo moiety and activate the coordinated ligands. This porphyrin-based system has been exploited upon irradiation to catalyze C-H to C-C bond conversion via the addition of hydrogen donors (ethers and aldehydes) onto Michael acceptors in a redox-neutral fashion without the need of any external oxidant. Laser flash photolysis experiments confirmed that the triplet excited state of the photocatalyst triggers the desired C-H cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Martin Ertl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Günther Knör
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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10
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Mood A, Tavakoli M, Gutman E, Kadish D, Baldi P, Van Vranken DL. Methyl Anion Affinities of the Canonical Organic Functional Groups. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4096-4102. [PMID: 31995384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calculated methyl anion affinities are known to correlate with experimentally determined Mayr E parameters for individual organic functional group classes but not between neutral and cationic organic electrophiles. We demonstrate that methyl anion affinities calculated with a solvation model (MAA*) give a linear correlation with Mayr E parameters for a broad range of functional groups. Methyl anion affinities (MAA*), plotted on the log scale of Mayr E, provide insights into the full range of electrophilicity of organic functional groups. On the Mayr E scale, the electrophilicity toward the methyl anion spans 180 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Mood
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mohammadamin Tavakoli
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Eugene Gutman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dora Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - David L Van Vranken
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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11
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Ding B, Sun J, Jiang W, Jin G, Yan C. Formation of N,S‐Containing Polycycles via Base Promoted Dimerization of N‐Phenacyl and N‐Benzylbenzothiazolium Bromides. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang‐Dong Ding
- Bang-Dong DingCollege of Chemical EngineeringYangzhou Polytechnic Institute. Yangzhou 225127 China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Wang Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Gong Jin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Chao‐Guo Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
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12
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Sun J, Zhang Y, Shi RG, Yan CG. Selective synthesis of spirooxindoles via a two-step reaction of N-phenacylpyridinium bromide, 1,3-indanedione and N-alkylisations. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3978-3983. [PMID: 30942811 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The three-component reaction of 1,3-indanedione and N-alkylisatins with two molecular N-phenacylpyridinium salts in dry acetonitrile in the presence of triethylamine resulted in unique functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-naphtho[1,2-b]furan] derivatives in good yields, which were successfully converted to spiro[indoline-3,2'-naphthalen]-4'-yl acetate derivatives by acylation with acetyl chloride in methylene dichloride and alkoxy-substituted spiro[benzo[h]chromene-5,3'-indolines] by acid-catalyzed etherification reaction in alcohol. The reaction mechanism involved the sequential cycloaddition of the in situ-generated pyridinium ylide to dipolarophilic enone, ring-opening of 1,3-indanedione, and selective annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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13
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Liu D, Sun J, Zhang Y, Yan CG. Diastereoselective synthesis of spirocyclic isoxazolo[5,4-c]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines via cascade double [3 + 2]cycloadditions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8008-8013. [PMID: 31414109 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01474h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The one-pot base-promoted cascade double [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of N-cyanomethylisoquinolinium chloride with (E)-3-arylideneindolin-2-ones and (E)-N-hydroxybenzimidoyl chloride afforded novel polycyclic spiro[indoline-3,8'-isoxazolo[5,4-c]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines] in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. When 4-arylidenepyrazol-3-ones, 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones and arylidenemalononitriles were employed in the reaction, the corresponding spiro[isoxazolo[5,4-c]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-8,4'-pyrazole], spiro[indene-2,8'-isoxazolo[5,4-c]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline], and isoxazolo[5,4-c]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives were also prepared in good yields and with high diastereoselectivty. The relative configurations of the polycyclic spiro compounds were clearly elucidated by determination of fifteen single crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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14
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15
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Charvieux A, Duc Vu N, Duguet N, Lemaire M. Valorization of Methyl Azelaaldehydate - A Vegetable Oil Based Platform Molecule for the Synthesis of Monomers through Stetter Reaction. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Charvieux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Equipe CAtalyse, SYnthèse et ENvironnement (CASYEN), Bâtiment Lederer; 1 rue Victor Grignard 69100 Villeurbanne cedex France
| | - Nam Duc Vu
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Equipe CAtalyse, SYnthèse et ENvironnement (CASYEN), Bâtiment Lederer; 1 rue Victor Grignard 69100 Villeurbanne cedex France
| | - Nicolas Duguet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Equipe CAtalyse, SYnthèse et ENvironnement (CASYEN), Bâtiment Lederer; 1 rue Victor Grignard 69100 Villeurbanne cedex France
| | - Marc Lemaire
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Equipe CAtalyse, SYnthèse et ENvironnement (CASYEN), Bâtiment Lederer; 1 rue Victor Grignard 69100 Villeurbanne cedex France
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16
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Sun J, Jiang W, Yan CG. Convenient construction of dibenzo[b,d]furanes and 2,6-diaryl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyridines via domino reaction of pyridinium ylides with 2-aryl-3-nitrochromenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The DBU promoted domino annulation reaction of 2-aryl-3-nitrochromenes with two molecular 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-phenacylpyridinium bromides in DMF resulted in unprecedented 1-benzoyl-2,4-diaryldibenzo[b,d]furane derivatives in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Wang Jiang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
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17
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Jangra H, Chen Q, Fuks E, Zenz I, Mayer P, Ofial AR, Zipse H, Mayr H. Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity Parameters for Predicting Absolute Rate Constants of Highly Asynchronous 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Aryldiazomethanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16758-16772. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harish Jangra
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Quan Chen
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Elina Fuks
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Ivo Zenz
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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18
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Huang Y, Huang YX, Sun J, Yan CG. Diastereoselective synthesis of dispirooxindoles via [3+2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to 3-phenacylideneoxindoles and evaluation of their cytotoxicity. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23990-23995. [PMID: 35540302 PMCID: PMC9081698 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04375b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-component reaction of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, isatins and 3-phenacylideneoxindoles in refluxing ethanol afforded dispiro[indoline-3,1'-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-3',3'-indolines] (4a-4x) in good yields via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated azomethine ylide with the exocyclic double bond of 3-phenacylideneoxindoles. 1H NMR spectra and single crystal structures indicated the reaction has high regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. Furthermore, their biological activities have been preliminarily demonstrated by in vitro evaluation against mouse breast cancer cells 4T1 and human liver cancer cells HepG2 by MTT assay. The results demonstrated that some of the compounds showed cytotoxicities to cell lines of 4T1 and HepG2, and indicated that novel spirooxindoles may become potential lead compounds for further biological screenings of their medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225001 China
| | - Yi-Xin Huang
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225001 China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
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19
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Jin G, Sun J, Yuan Y, He DD, Yan CG. One-pot three-component synthesis and oxidation of functionalized tetrahydrobenzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles. Mol Divers 2018; 22:609-626. [PMID: 29556864 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Triethylamine-promoted cycloaddition reactions of N-phenacyl and N-alkoxycarbonylmethylbenzothiazolium bromides with aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile (ethyl cyanoacetate, pivaloylacetonitrile) in ethanol afforded functionalized tetrahydrobenzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles in good yields and various diastereoselectivity. The oxidation reaction of the functionalized tetrahydrobenzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles with DDQ in different solvents resulted in diverse benzothiazole derivatives and benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles. The reaction mechanism and the stereochemistry of this tandem [3 [Formula: see text] 2] cycloaddition reaction and sequential oxidation reaction are illustrated based on analysis of the reactive intermediates and obtained products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Dan-Dan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
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20
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Shi RG, Sun J, Yan CG. Tandem Double [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions at Both C-1 and C-3 Atoms of N-Cyanomethylisoquinolinium Ylide. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7820-7830. [PMID: 31457339 PMCID: PMC6645381 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The base-promoted cycloaddition reaction of N-cyanomethylisoquinolinium chloride with 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones in dry tetrahydrofuran resulted in the expected spiro[indene-2,1'-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline] derivatives. However, the triethylamine-promoted three-component reaction of N-cyanomethylisoquinolinium chloride, aromatic aldehydes, and two molecules of 1,3-indanediones in acetonitrile afforded unique spiro[benzo[f]imidazo[5,1,2-cd]indolizine-4,2'-indene] derivatives in satisfactory yields through tandem double [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions.
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21
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Sun J, Zhang Y, Shen GL, Yan CG. Molecular Diversity of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Quinolinium Ylides with Isatylidene Malononitriles. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Guo-Liang Shen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225002 China
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22
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Allgäuer DS, Jangra H, Asahara H, Li Z, Chen Q, Zipse H, Ofial AR, Mayr H. Quantification and Theoretical Analysis of the Electrophilicities of Michael Acceptors. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13318-13329. [PMID: 28921959 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to quantify the electrophilic reactivities of common Michael acceptors, we measured the kinetics of the reactions of monoacceptor-substituted ethylenes (H2C═CH-Acc, 1) and styrenes (PhCH═CH-Acc, 2) with pyridinium ylides 3, sulfonium ylide 4, and sulfonyl-substituted chloromethyl anion 5. Substitution of the 57 measured second-order rate constants (log k) and the previously reported nucleophile-specific parameters N and sN for 3-5 into the correlation log k = sN(E + N) allowed us to calculate 15 new empirical electrophilicity parameters E for Michael acceptors 1 and 2. The use of the same parameters sN, N, and E for these different types of reactions shows that all reactions proceed via a common rate-determining step, the nucleophilic attack of 3-5 at the Michael acceptors with formation of acyclic intermediates, which subsequently cyclize to give tetrahydroindolizines (stepwise 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with 3) and cyclopropanes (with 4 and 5), respectively. The electrophilicity parameters E thus determined can be used to calculate the rates of the reactions of Michael acceptors 1 and 2 with any nucleophile of known N and sN. DFT calculations were performed to confirm the suggested reaction mechanisms and to elucidate the origin of the electrophilic reactivities. While electrophilicities E correlate poorly with the LUMO energies and with Parr's electrophilicity index ω, good correlations were found between the experimentally observed electrophilic reactivities of 44 Michael acceptors and their calculated methyl anion affinities, particularly when solvation by dimethyl sulfoxide was taken into account by applying the SMD continuum solvation model. Because of the large structural variety of Michael acceptors considered for these correlations, which cover a reactivity range of 17 orders of magnitude, we consider the calculation of methyl anion affinities to be the method of choice for a rapid estimate of electrophilic reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik S Allgäuer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Harish Jangra
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Haruyasu Asahara
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Zhen Li
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Quan Chen
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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23
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Gualandi A, Mazzarella D, Ortega-Martínez A, Mengozzi L, Calcinelli F, Matteucci E, Monti F, Armaroli N, Sambri L, Cozzi PG. Photocatalytic Radical Alkylation of Electrophilic Olefins by Benzylic and Alkylic Zinc-Sulfinates. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Mazzarella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aitor Ortega-Martínez
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en
Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis
Orgánica (ISO), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Luca Mengozzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Calcinelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elia Matteucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi
Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Armaroli
- Istituto per la Sintesi
Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Sambri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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24
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Formation of diverse polycyclic spirooxindoles via three-component reaction of isoquinolinium salts, isatins and malononitrile. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41024. [PMID: 28106130 PMCID: PMC5247726 DOI: 10.1038/srep41024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The triethylamine promoted three-component reaction of N-(4-nitrobenzyl), N-ethoxycarbonylmethylisoquinolinium bromide, isatins and malononitrile in ethanol afforded spiro[indoline-3,2′-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines] in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The similar reaction of N-cyanomethylisoquinolinium chloride mainly gave complex indolo[2″,3″:2′,3′]pyrrolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives. However, the three-component reaction of N-cyanomethylisoquinolinium chloride, isatins and ethyl cyanoacetate mainly resulted in functionalized spiro[indoline-3,8′-pyrido[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines].
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25
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Jiang W, Sun J, Yan CG. Diastereoselective synthesis of benzo[d]chromeno[3′,4′:3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles via cycloaddition reaction of benzothiazolium salts with 3-nitrochromenes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06548e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastereospecific synthesis of benzo[d]chromeno[3′,4′:3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles via cycloaddition reaction of benzothiazolium salts with 3-nitrochromenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jiang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
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26
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Chen Q, Mayer P, Mayr H. Ethensulfonylfluorid: der beste je entdeckte Michael-Akzeptor? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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27
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Chen Q, Mayer P, Mayr H. Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride: The Most Perfect Michael Acceptor Ever Found? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12664-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
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28
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Liu R, Wang X, Sun J, Yan CG. A facile synthesis of tricyclic skeleton of alkaloid 261C by double [3+2] cycloaddition of pyridinium ylide. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Qrareya H, Dondi D, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. Decatungstate-Photocatalyzed Si−H/C−H Activation in Silyl Hydrides: Hydrosilylation of Electron-Poor Alkenes. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Qrareya
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
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30
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Mayr H, Ofial AR. A quantitative approach to polar organic reactivity. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 26:619-646. [PMID: 26315811 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2015.1078409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A method is presented which allows one to predict toxic effects which are triggered by the formation of covalent bonds between electron-deficient (electrophilic) compounds and biological electron-rich (nucleophilic) targets, as proteins or nucleic acids. It is based on our comprehensive nucleophilicity and electrophilicity scales, which we constructed as an aid for the planning of organic syntheses. For the construction of these scales, rate constants for the reactions of benzhydrylium ions (aryl2CH(+)) and structurally related quinone methides with nucleophiles have been measured and correlated by the equation lg k(20 °C) = sN(E + N), which yields absolute rate constants k (L mol(-1) s(-1)) from one parameter for electrophiles (the electrophilicity E) and two for nucleophiles (the nucleophilicity parameter N and the susceptibility sN). A freely accessible database (http://www.cup.uni-muenchen.de/oc/mayr/DBintro.html) is described, which presently comprises data for 1000 nucleophiles and 260 electrophiles and provides links to the original literature reports. The kinetic scales are complemented by a thermodynamic counterpart, which enables one to calculate association constants K (L mol(-1)) of electrophiles with nucleophiles from the empirical Lewis acidity parameters LA and Lewis basicity parameters LB by the equation lg K (20°C) = LA + LB.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mayr
- a Department Chemie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , München , Germany
| | - A R Ofial
- a Department Chemie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , München , Germany
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31
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Barbier V, Couty F, David ORP. Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reactions with Nitroalkenes: A Case Study. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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