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Grinde NA, Kehoe ZR, Vang HG, Mancheski LJ, Bosch E, Southern SA, Bryce DL, Bowling NP. Rapid Access to Encapsulated Molecular Rotors via Coordination-Driven Macrocycle Formation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301745. [PMID: 37308699 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycle formation that relies upon trans metal coordination of appropriately placed pyridine ligands within an arylene ethynylene construct provides rapid and reliable access to molecular rotators encapsulated within macrocyclic stators. Showing no significant close contacts to the central rotators, X-ray crystallography of AgI -coordinated macrocycles provides plausibility for unobstructed rotation or wobbling of rotators within the central cavity. Solid-state 13 C NMR of PdII -coordinated macrocycles supports the notion of unobstructed movement of simple arenes in the crystal lattice. Solution 1 H NMR studies indicate complete and immediate macrocycle formation upon the introduction of PdII to the pyridyl-based ligand at room temperature. Moreover, the formed macrocycle is stable in solution; a lack of significant changes in the 1 H NMR spectrum upon cooling to -50 °C is consistent with the absence of dynamic behavior. The synthetic route to these macrocycles is expedient and modular, providing access to rather complex constructs in four simple steps involving Sonogashira coupling and deprotection reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Grinde
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Zachary R Kehoe
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Herh G Vang
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Lucas J Mancheski
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Eric Bosch
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Missouri State University, 901 South National Avenue, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
| | - Scott A Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nathan P Bowling
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
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2
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Ehnbom A, Gladysz JA. Gyroscopes and the Chemical Literature, 2002–2020: Approaches to a Nascent Family of Molecular Devices. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3701-3750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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3
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Zwick P, Hsu C, El Abbassi M, Fuhr O, Fenske D, Dulić D, van der Zant HSJ, Mayor M. Synthesis and Transport Studies of a Cofacial Porphyrin Cyclophane. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15072-15081. [PMID: 33166468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin cyclophane 1, consisting of two rigidly fixed but still movable cofacial porphyrins and exposing acetate-masked thiols in opposed directions of the macrocycle, is designed, synthesized, and characterized. The functional cyclophane 1, as pioneer of mechanosensitive 3D materials, forms stable single-molecule junctions in a mechanically controlled break-junction setup. Its reliable integration in a single-molecule junction is a fundamental prerequisite to explore the potential of these structures as mechanically triggered functional units and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Zwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chunwei Hsu
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maria El Abbassi
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dieter Fenske
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Diana Dulić
- Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Avenida Blanco Encalada 2008, 8330015 Santiago, Chile
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), 510275 Guangzhou, China
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4
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Jeong M, Park J, Kwon S. Molecular Switches and Motors Powered by Orthogonal Stimuli. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sunbum Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
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Santra S, Ghosh P. Fluorophoric [2]rotaxanes: post-synthetic functionalization, conformational fluxionality and metal ion chelation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophoric [2]rotaxanes form an exciplex upon interpenetration and the exciplex signals are used to monitor the chelation properties of the interlocked systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Santra
- School of Chemical Science
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Science
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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6
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Enhanced Separation Concept (ESC): Removing the Functional Subunit from the Electrode by Molecular Design. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Weiland KJ, Brandl T, Atz K, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Šolomek T, Mayor M. Mechanical Stabilization of Helical Chirality in a Macrocyclic Oligothiophene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2104-2110. [PMID: 30632363 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a design principle to stabilize helically chiral structures from an achiral tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophane by integrating it into a macrocycle. The [2.2]paracyclophane introduces a three-dimensional perturbation into a nearly planar macrocyclic oligothiophene. The resulting helical structure is stabilized by two bulky substituents installed on the [2.2]paracyclophane unit. The increased enantiomerization barrier enabled the separation of both enantiomers. The synthesis of the target helical macrocycle 1 involves a sequence of halogenation and cross-coupling steps and a high-dilution strategy to close the macrocycle. Substituents tuning the energy of the enantiomerization process can be introduced in the last steps of the synthesis. The chiral target compound 1 was fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations of the isolated enantiomers were assigned by comparing the data of circular dichroism spectroscopy with TD-DFT calculations. The enantiomerization dynamics was studied by dynamic HPLC and variable-temperature 2D exchange spectroscopy and supported by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Weiland
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brandl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Kenneth Atz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland.,Institute for Nanotechnology (INT) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510274 , China
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Weiland KJ, Münch N, Gschwind W, Häussinger D, Mayor M. A Chiral Macrocyclic Oligothiophene with Broken Conjugation – Rapid Racemization through Internal Rotation. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201800205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Weiland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Nathalia Münch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Wanja Gschwind
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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