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Perras FA, Matsuki Y, Southern SA, Dubroca T, Flesariu DF, Van Tol J, Constantinides CP, Koutentis PA. Erratum: "Mechanistic origins of methyl-driven Overhauser DNP" [J. Chem. Phys. 158, 154201 (2023)]. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:209901. [PMID: 37991163 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric A Perras
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Yoh Matsuki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Scott A Southern
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Thierry Dubroca
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Dragos F Flesariu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Johan Van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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Perras FA, Thomas H, Heintz P, Behera R, Yu J, Viswanathan G, Jing D, Southern SA, Kovnir K, Stanley L, Huang W. Addition to "The Structure of Boron Monoxide". J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20692. [PMID: 37678196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
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Grinde NA, Kehoe ZR, Vang HG, Mancheski LJ, Bosch E, Southern SA, Bryce DL, Bowling NP. Rapid Access to Encapsulated Molecular Rotors via Coordination-Driven Macrocycle Formation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301745. [PMID: 37308699 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycle formation that relies upon trans metal coordination of appropriately placed pyridine ligands within an arylene ethynylene construct provides rapid and reliable access to molecular rotators encapsulated within macrocyclic stators. Showing no significant close contacts to the central rotators, X-ray crystallography of AgI -coordinated macrocycles provides plausibility for unobstructed rotation or wobbling of rotators within the central cavity. Solid-state 13 C NMR of PdII -coordinated macrocycles supports the notion of unobstructed movement of simple arenes in the crystal lattice. Solution 1 H NMR studies indicate complete and immediate macrocycle formation upon the introduction of PdII to the pyridyl-based ligand at room temperature. Moreover, the formed macrocycle is stable in solution; a lack of significant changes in the 1 H NMR spectrum upon cooling to -50 °C is consistent with the absence of dynamic behavior. The synthetic route to these macrocycles is expedient and modular, providing access to rather complex constructs in four simple steps involving Sonogashira coupling and deprotection reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Grinde
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Zachary R Kehoe
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Herh G Vang
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Lucas J Mancheski
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Eric Bosch
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Missouri State University, 901 South National Avenue, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
| | - Scott A Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nathan P Bowling
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
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Perras FA, Thomas H, Heintz P, Behera R, Yu J, Viswanathan G, Jing D, Southern SA, Kovnir K, Stanley L, Huang W. The Structure of Boron Monoxide. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14660-14669. [PMID: 37378579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Boron monoxide (BO), prepared by the thermal condensation of tetrahydroxydiboron, was first reported in 1955; however, its structure could not be determined. With the recent attention on boron-based two-dimensional materials, such as borophene and hexagonal boron nitride, there is renewed interest in BO. A large number of stable BO structures have been computationally identified, but none are supported by experiments. The consensus is that the material likely forms a boroxine-based two-dimensional material. Herein, we apply advanced 11B NMR experiments to determine the relative orientations of B(B)O2 centers in BO. We find that the material is composed of D2h-symmetric O2B-BO2 units that organize to form larger B4O2 rings. Further, powder diffraction experiments additionally reveal that these units organize to form two-dimensional layers with a random stacking pattern. This observation is in agreement with earlier density functional theory (DFT) studies that showed B4O2-based structures to be the most stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric A Perras
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Henry Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Patrick Heintz
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ranjan Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Gayatri Viswanathan
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Dapeng Jing
- Materials Analysis and Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Scott A Southern
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Levi Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Perras FA, Matsuki Y, Southern SA, Dubroca T, Flesariu DF, Van Tol J, Constantinides CP, Koutentis PA. Mechanistic origins of methyl-driven Overhauser DNP. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:154201. [PMID: 37093991 DOI: 10.1063/5.0149664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Overhauser effect in the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of non-conducting solids has drawn much attention due to the potential for efficient high-field DNP as well as a general interest in the underlying principles that enable the Overhauser effect in small molecules. We recently reported the observation of 1H and 2H Overhauser effects in H3C- or D3C-functionalized Blatter radical analogs, which we presumed to be caused by methyl rotation. In this work, we look at the mechanism for methyl-driven Overhauser DNP in greater detail, considering methyl librations and tunneling in addition to classical rotation. We predict the temperature dependence of these mechanisms using density functional theory and spin dynamics simulations. Comparisons with results from ultralow-temperature magic angle spinning-DNP experiments revealed that cross-relaxation at temperatures above 60 K originates from both libration and rotation, while librations dominate at lower temperatures. Due to the zero-point vibrational nature of these motions, they are not quenched by very low temperatures, and methyl-driven Overhauser DNP is expected to increase in efficiency down to 0 K, predominantly due to increases in nuclear relaxation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric A Perras
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Yoh Matsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Scott A Southern
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Thierry Dubroca
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Dragos F Flesariu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Johan Van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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Perras FA, Arroyave A, Southern SA, Lamb JV, Li Y, LaPointe A, Delferro M. Double-resonance 17O NMR experiments reveal unique configurational information for surface organometallic complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4604-4607. [PMID: 36976550 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining three-dimensional (3D) configurational information of surface organometallic complexes is a persistent challenge due to the low spatial sensitivity of most spectroscopic methods. We show that employing 17O-enriched supports enables highly informative multidimensional NMR experiments, including radial and vertical distance measurements, that can be used to elucidate site geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric A Perras
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Alejandra Arroyave
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Scott A Southern
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Jessica V Lamb
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yuting Li
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Anne LaPointe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Southern SA, Liu DJ, Chatterjee P, Li Y, Perras FA. 1H chemical shift anisotropy: a high sensitivity solid-state NMR dynamics probe for surface studies? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5348-5360. [PMID: 36399032 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dynamics play significant roles in chemistry and biochemistry-molecular motions impact both large- and small-scale chemical reactions in addition to biochemical processes. In many systems, including heterogeneous catalysts, the characterization of dynamics remains a challenge. The most common approaches involve the solid-state NMR measurement of anisotropic interactions, in particular 2H quadrupolar coupling and 1H-X dipolar coupling, which generally require isotope enrichment. Due to the high sensitivity of 1H NMR, 1H chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) is a particularly enticing, and underexplored, dynamics probe. We carried out 1H CSA and 1H-13C dipolar coupling measurements in a series of model supported complexes to understand how 1H CSA can be leveraged to gain dynamic information for heterogeneous catalysts. Mathematical descriptions are given for the dynamic averaging of the CSA tensor, and its dependence on orientation and asymmetry. The variability of the orientation of the tensor in the molecular frame, in addition to its magnitude and asymmetry, negatively impacts attempts to extract quantitative dynamic information. Nevertheless, 1H CSA measurements can reveal useful qualitative insights into the motions of a particularly dilute site, such as from a surface species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Southern
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - Da-Jiang Liu
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - Puranjan Chatterjee
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA 50014, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA
| | - Yuting Li
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - Frédéric A Perras
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
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Southern SA, Bryce DL. To what extent do bond length and angle govern the 13C and 1H NMR response to weak CH⋯O hydrogen bonds? A case study of caffeine and theophylline cocrystals. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2022; 119:101795. [PMID: 35569343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Weak hydrogen bonds are important structure-directing elements in supramolecular chemistry and biochemistry. We consider here weak CH⋯O hydrogen bonds in a series of cocrystals of theophylline and caffeine and assess to what extent the CH⋯O distance and angle govern the observed 13C and 1H isotropic chemical shifts. Gauge-including projector-augmented wave density functional theory (GIPAW DFT) calculations consistently predict a decrease in the 13C and 1H magnetic shielding constants upon hydrogen bond formation on the order of 2-5 ppm (13C) and 1-2 ppm (1H). These trends are reproduced using the machine-learning approach implemented in ShiftML. Experimental 13C and 1H chemical shifts obtained for powdered samples using one-dimensional NMR spectroscopy as well as heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) spectroscopy correlate well with the GIPAW DFT results. However, the experimental 13C NMR response only correlates moderately well with the hydrogen bond length and angle, while the experimental 1H chemical shifts only show very weak correlations to these local structural elements. DFT computations on isolated imidazole-formaldehyde models show that the 13C and 1H chemical shifts generally decrease with the C⋯O distance but show no clear dependence on the CH⋯O angle. These results demonstrate that the 13C and 1H response to weak CH⋯O hydrogen bonding is influenced significantly by additional weak contacts within cocrystal heterodimeric units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Perras FA, Flesariu DF, Southern SA, Nicolaides C, Bazak JD, Washton NM, Trypiniotis T, Constantinides CP, Koutentis PA. Methyl-Driven Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4000-4006. [PMID: 35482607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Overhauser effect is unique among DNP mechanisms in that it requires the modulation of the electron-nuclear hyperfine interactions. While it dominates DNP in liquids and metals, where unpaired electrons are highly mobile, Overhauser DNP is possible in insulating solids if rapid structural modulations are linked to a modulation in hyperfine coupling. Herein, we report that Overhauser DNP can be triggered by the strategic addition of a methyl group, demonstrated here in a Blatter's radical. The rotation of the methyl group leads to a modulation of the hyperfine coupling to its protons, which in turn facilitates electron-nuclear cross-relaxation. Removal of the methyl protons, through deuteration, quenches the process, as does the reduction of the hyperfine coupling strength. This result suggests the possibility for the design of tailor-made Overhauser DNP polarizing agents for high-field MAS-DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dragos F Flesariu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - J David Bazak
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Nancy M Washton
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Christos P Constantinides
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48128-1491, United States
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Kobera L, Southern SA, Frost JM, Bryce DL. Multinuclear solid-state magnetic resonance study of oxo-bridged diniobium and quadruply-bonded dimolybdenum carboxylate clusters. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2017; 84:20-27. [PMID: 27986401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylate paddlewheels and their oxo-bridged analogues constitute ideal building blocks for the assembly of two- and three-dimensional framework materials. Here, we present a multinuclear (1H, 13C, 93Nb, 95Mo) magnetic resonance study of solid samples of Nb2OCl6(O2Ph)2 (1), Mo2(O2CMe)4 (2), and Mo2(O2CCHF2)4 (3). High-resolution proton and 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra provide valuable information on structure and crystal symmetry and on cocrystallized solvent. 93Nb solid-state NMR spectra of 1 provide quadrupolar coupling constants and chemical shift tensors which are characteristic of the axially asymmetric Nb-O-Nb bridging environment. 95Mo solid-state NMR spectra of 2 and 3 provide quadrupolar coupling constants and chemical shift tensors which are directly characteristic of the molybdenum-molybdenum quadruple bonds in these compounds. The quadruple bonds are characterized by particularly large 95Mo chemical shift tensor spans on the order of 5500ppm. Density functional theoretical computations provide good agreement with the 93Nb and 95Mo experimental data, with some exceptions noted. This work demonstrates possible NMR approaches to characterize more complex framework materials and provides key insight into the Mo-Mo quadruple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kobera
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences&Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Scott A Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences&Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Jamie M Frost
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences&Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences&Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada.
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Abstract
The feasibility and value of 207Pb solid-state NMR experiments on compounds featuring lead tetrel bonds is explored. Although the definition remains to be formalized, lead tetrel bonds may be qualitatively described as existing when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with lead in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity. Unambiguous identification of lead tetrel bonds can be challenging due to the hypervalent tendency of lead. We report here a series of 207Pb solid-state NMR experiments on five metal–organic frameworks featuring lead coordinated to hydrazone-based ligands. Such frameworks may be held together in part by lead tetrel bonds. The acquisition of 207Pb solid-state NMR spectra for such materials is feasible and is readily accomplished using a combination of magic-angle spinning and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill methods in moderate to low applied magnetic fields. The lead centres are characterized by 207Pb isotropic chemical shifts ranging from −426 to −2591 ppm and chemical shift tensor spans ranging from 910 to 2681 ppm. Careful inspection of the structures of the compounds and the literature 207Pb NMR data may suggest that a tetrel bond to lead results in chemical shift parameters which are intermediate between those which are characteristic of holodirected and hemidirected lead coordination geometries. Challenges associated with DFT computations of the 207Pb NMR parameters are discussed. In summary, the 207Pb data for the compounds studied herein show a marked response to the presence of non-coordinating electron-rich moieties in close contact with the electrophilic surface of formally hemidirectionally coordinated lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Dylan Errulat
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Jamie M. Frost
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Bulat Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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Aakeröy CB, Alavi S, Beer PD, Beyeh NK, Brammer L, Bryce DL, Clark T, Cottrell SJ, Del Bene JE, Edwards AJ, Esterhuysen C, Friščić T, Guru Row TN, Kennepohl P, Lloyd GO, Roy Choudhury A, Scheiner S, Southern SA, Taylor MS, Tsuzuki S, Vargas-Baca I. Beyond the halogen bond: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2017; 203:227-244. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd90062g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Frost JM, Kobera L, Pialat A, Zhang Y, Southern SA, Gabidullin B, Bryce DL, Murugesu M. From discrete molecule, to polymer, to MOF: mapping the coordination chemistry of Cd(II) using (113)Cd solid-state NMR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10680-3. [PMID: 27507123 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04940k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies of three related Cd(II) systems (a discrete [Cd(II)2] unit, a one-dimensional [Cd(II)2]n coordination polymer and a Cd(II)-based MOF) all derived from the ligand 2,4,6-tris(2-pyrimidyl)-1,3,5-triazine, reveal an exceptionally rare example of (113)Cd-(113)Cd J coupling in the polymer that is detectable by solid-state NMR ((2)JCd-Cd = ∼65 Hz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Frost
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
| | - Libor Kobera
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
| | - Amélie Pialat
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
| | - Scott A Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
| | - Bulat Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
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Kobera L, Southern SA, Rao GK, Richeson DS, Bryce DL. Inside Cover: New Experimental Insight into the Nature of Metal−Metal Bonds in Digallium Compounds: JCoupling between Quadrupolar Nuclei (Chem. Eur. J. 28/2016). Chemistry 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kobera
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. D'Iorio Hall Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Scott A. Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. D'Iorio Hall Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Gyandshwar Kumar Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. D'Iorio Hall Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Darrin S. Richeson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. D'Iorio Hall Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. D'Iorio Hall Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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Kobera L, Southern SA, Rao GK, Richeson DS, Bryce DL. New Experimental Insight into the Nature of Metal−Metal Bonds in Digallium Compounds:JCoupling between Quadrupolar Nuclei. Chemistry 2016; 22:9565-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kobera
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. D'Iorio Hall Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Scott A. Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. D'Iorio Hall Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Gyandshwar Kumar Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. D'Iorio Hall Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Darrin S. Richeson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. D'Iorio Hall Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. D'Iorio Hall Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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16
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Abstract
This Highlight article discusses the role of solid-state NMR spectroscopy in crystal engineering with the aid of several examples from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijue Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Scott A. Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Patrick M. J. Szell
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
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17
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Southern SA, Bryce DL. NMR Investigations of Noncovalent Carbon Tetrel Bonds. Computational Assessment and Initial Experimental Observation. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11891-9. [PMID: 26562616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Group IV tetrel elements may act as tetrel bond donors, whereby a region of positive electrostatic potential (σ-hole) interacts with a Lewis base. The results of calculations of NMR parameters are reported for a series of model compounds exhibiting tetrel bonding from a methyl carbon to the oxygen or nitrogen atoms in various functional groups. The (13)C chemical shift (δiso) and the (1c)J((13)C,Y) coupling (Y = (17)O, (15)N) across the tetrel bond are recorded as a function of geometry. The sensitivity of the NMR parameters to the noncovalent interaction is demonstrated via an increase in δiso and in |(1c)J((13)C,Y)| as the tetrel bond shortens. Gauge-including projector-augmented wave density functional theory (DFT) calculations of δiso are reported for crystals that exhibit tetrel bonding in the solid state. Experimental δiso values for solid sarcosine and its tetrel-bonded salts corroborate the computational findings. This work offers new insights into tetrel bonding and facilitates the incorporation of tetrel bonds as restraints in NMR crystallographic structure refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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18
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Abstract
Aim-To analyse the effect of sectioning on the assessment of karyotypic heterogeneity by interphase cytogenetics in paraffin wax embedded normal squamous epithelium and to apply the principles derived to invasive cervical carcinoma.Methods-Normal male (n = 5) and female (n = 5) squamous epithelia were hybridised with peri-centromeric repeat probes specific for chromosomes X (DXZ1) and 17 (D17Z1) individually and in combination to assess the effect of sectioning on mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasomic populations. Section thickness, interobserver variation and variation between different areas of the epithelium were evaluated. Invasive squamous carcinomas of the cervix (n = 5) were then hybridised with the DXZ1 probe and intratumoral heterogeneity was assessed by comparison of signal distributions obtained from different areas.Results-The optimum section thickness for the assessment of normal epithelium was 6 mum. Variation in the expected signal number in the range 1-4 did not introduce artefactual heterogeneity at this section thickness. The sensitivity of this approach for the detection of minor subpopulations was calculated to be 13-16%, 17-18% and 10-11% for mono-, tri- and tetrasomic populations, respectively. Karyotypic heterogeneity was detected in two of the five tumours and, in one case where the populations where clustered morphologically, a minor population representing 18% was identified.Conclusions-Interphase cytogenetic analysis of sections from paraffin wax embedded material can be used for the detection of minor subpopulations in tumours. This approach will be of particular value in the assessment of the relation between human papillomavirus infection and tumour karyotype and in the analysis of intraepithelial neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Southern
- University of Liverpool, Department of Pathology, Duncan Building, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 3BX
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19
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Southern SA, Lewis MH, Herrington CS. Induction of tetrasomy by human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein is independent of pRb binding and disruption of differentiation. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1949-54. [PMID: 15138476 PMCID: PMC2409454 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) induce tetrasomy in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. In this study we show that the E6 and E7 genes of high-risk HPV-16, but not those of low-risk HPV-6, are independently able to induce tetrasomy when constitutively expressed in proliferating monolayer cultures of primary human keratinocytes. Of seven HPV-16 E7 mutants analysed (H2P, Delta6-10, Delta21-24, C24G, S31G/S32G, A50S and S71I), five were severely impaired in their ability to induce tetrasomy in monolayer and raft culture. Only mutant C24G induced tetrasomy to levels comparable with wild-type E7 in monolayer and raft culture. This mutant shows strongly reduced binding to the retinoblastoma gene product pRb. The casein kinase II phosphorylation defective mutant S31G/S32G induced tetrasomy to levels comparable with wild-type E7 in raft culture, but not in monolayer culture, and induction of tetrasomy did not correlate with raft morphology. These results indicate that pRb protein binding is not required for HPV-16 E7 associated tetrasomy and that tetrasomy is not directly related to the ability of this protein to disrupt keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Southern
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - M H Lewis
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - C S Herrington
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
- Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TS, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK. E-mail:
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20
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Southern SA, McDicken IW, Herrington CS. Loss of cytokeratin 14 expression is related to human papillomavirus type and lesion grade in squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. Hum Pathol 2001; 32:1351-5. [PMID: 11774168 DOI: 10.1053/hupa.2001.29656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In a recent study of low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), we reported that infection with both low- and high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) upregulated cyclin A, B, E, and Ki67 expression in basal and suprabasal cells. In view of the intricate link between cell cycle exit, proliferation, and differentiation, we examined the morphologic distribution of cytokeratins 13 and 14 and involucrin expression in 49 low-grade SILs infected with HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 66; 2 lesions contained both low- and high-risk HPVs. The findings were compared with 30 high-grade SILs infected with HPV types 16, 31, 33, 51, 58, 66, and 67; 3 of these were infected with 2 different HPVs. In low-grade lesions, the differentiation markers were expressed normally, showing that differentiation proceeds despite upregulation of cell cycle--associated proteins. Loss of involucrin (3 of 33) and cytokeratin 13 (8 of 33) expression occurred only in the high-grade lesions and was therefore related to lesion grade. Loss of cytokeratin 14 expression was also significantly more frequent in high-grade than in low-grade lesions (19 of 33 v 12 of 51; P < .01). In addition, cytokeratin 14 expression was significantly less frequent in the intermediate and superficial layers of low-grade SILs infected with high-risk HPVs than in those infected with low-risk HPVs (3 of 27 v 14 of 24; P < .001). These findings are consistent with in vitro data and suggest that abnormalities of both cell cycle control and squamous differentiation are important in HPV-associated neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Southern
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, England
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21
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Herrington CS, Worsham M, Southern SA, Mackowiak P, Wolman SR. Loss of sequences on the short arm of chromosome 17 is a late event in squamous carcinoma of the cervix. Mol Pathol 2001; 54:160-4. [PMID: 11376128 PMCID: PMC1187055 DOI: 10.1136/mp.54.3.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) whether deletion of D17S34, a subtelomeric probe for 17p, occurs in invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix, and to determine the extent of such loss by analysis of the p53 and HER2/NEU genes. METHODS Fourteen invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix were investigated by FISH for D17S34, p53, and HER2/NEU. Dual hybridisation of each probe with the chromosome 17 alpha satellite (D17Z1) probe was performed on paraffin wax embedded sections, and the fluorescence ratios of the paired signals were determined. Broad spectrum human papillomavirus (HPV) typing by ISH and GP5+/6+ polymerase chain reaction was also performed. RESULTS Twelve tumours were HPV positive, nine with HPV-16, and one each with types 18, 31, and 39. Loss of D17S34 was identified in four tumours, one of which was HPV negative. In one tumour, D17S34 loss was accompanied by loss of p53 only, suggesting that deletion was limited to the p arm. A second tumour showed simultaneous losses of all probes, indicative of whole chromosome 17 loss during tumour growth. The two remaining specimens showed loss of D17S34 only, diffuse in one, and localised within the tumour in the other. Aberrations of p53 or HER2/NEU were not seen independently of D17S34 loss, and loss did not correlate with HPV presence or type. CONCLUSIONS These data show that D17S34 loss is prevalent, marking 28% of the invasive squamous carcinomas in this study. The observed intratumoral heterogeneity indicates that, at least in some cases, this loss occurs after invasion and is therefore a late event in the path of cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Herrington
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK.
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22
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Southern SA, Noya F, Meyers C, Broker TR, Chow LT, Herrington CS. Tetrasomy is induced by human papillomavirus type 18 E7 gene expression in keratinocyte raft cultures. Cancer Res 2001; 61:4858-63. [PMID: 11406563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) induce basal cell tetrasomy in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. To identify HPV genes and growth conditions involved in this process, we analyzed: (a) organotypic raft cultures of primary human keratinocytes transfected with whole HPV-18 genomes; and (b) organotypic raft cultures acutely infected with recombinant retroviruses expressing the HPV-18 E6, E7, or E6/E7 genes from the differentiation-dependent HPV-18 enhancer-promoter. Cultures were examined for HPV DNA by in situ hybridization and for karyotype by interphase cytogenetics. Tetrasomy occurred in the suprabasal strata of raft cultures expressing E7 and E6/E7 but not in those expressing E6 alone or in a control culture. These data indicate that suprabasal tetrasomy occurs in association with expression of the E7 gene alone. Basal cell tetrasomy was additionally observed in the raft culture transfected with whole HPV-18 genomes, consistent with observations in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The distribution of tetrasomic cells in these raft cultures may reflect the involvement of additional viral genes or possibly differences in the pattern of viral oncogene and host gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Southern
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom
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23
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Child FJ, Kim BK, Ganesan R, Southern SA, Herrington CS, Calonje E. Verrucous carcinoma arising in pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis, without evidence of human papillomavirus. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143:183-7. [PMID: 10886158 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis (PKMB) is a condition which occurs on the glans penis of older men and may be associated with the development of a verrucous carcinoma. A role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the aetiology of verrucous carcinoma has been implicated and several different HPV types have been found. We report a 74-year-old man who developed a verrucous carcinoma within an area of PKMB on the glans penis. Using a broad-spectrum polymerase chain reaction technique for identifying HPV, the epidermis of the area of PKMB and of the verrucous carcinoma were examined and no HPV DNA was identifiable. These results suggest that there is no part for HPV in the pathogenesis of PKMB or its transformation to verrucous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Child
- Skin Tumour Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
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24
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Southern SA, McDicken IW, Herrington CS. Evidence for keratinocyte immortalization in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix infected with high-risk human papillomaviruses. J Transl Med 2000; 80:539-44. [PMID: 10780670 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that expression of cyclin B protein is up-regulated and persists into the upper epithelial layers in parallel with cyclin A expression in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) infected with human papillomaviruses 16, 31, 33, 51, 58, 66, and 67 (n = 33). In contrast, low-grade SIL infected with human papillomaviruses 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 66 (n = 27) show weaker cyclin B expression confined to basal and parabasal cells despite extension of cyclin A and Ki67 expression into superficial cells. Moreover, aneusomy is present in 20% of the high-grade lesions but in none of the low-grade lesions. The persistent expression of cyclin B in high-grade SIL, and the restriction of aneusomy to high-grade SIL suggest that there is cell cycle progression. In combination with in vitro studies, this provides evidence that high-grade SIL lesions have undergone immortalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Southern
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, United Kingdom
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25
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Giannoudis A, Evans MF, Southern SA, Herrington CS. Basal keratinocyte tetrasomy in low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions of the cervix is restricted to high and intermediate risk HPV infection but is not type-specific. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:424-8. [PMID: 10646899 PMCID: PMC2363287 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection appears to be an early event in cervical carcinogenesis with additional abnormalities being required for biological transformation. We have analysed 179 low-grade cervical squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SILs) and 15 normal cervices for the presence of HPV using both in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was performed with GP5+/GP6+ primers followed by hybridization using probes for low (HPV 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44), intermediate (HPV 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 59, 66 and 68) and high-risk HPVs (HPV 16, 18, 45 and 56). Interphase cytogenetic analysis using pericentromeric probes for chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 17, 18 and X was also performed to identify numerical chromosomal abnormalities. Tetrasomy of all nine chromosomes was identified within basal keratinocytes, was restricted to epithelia infected with high risk (17 of 46) or intermediate risk (23 of 83) HPVs but was not HPV type-specific. Tetrasomy was not identified in any of the epithelia infected with low risk HPVs (n = 62). These numbers include multiple infection. These findings indicate that the induction of tetrasomy is a property restricted to high and intermediate-risk HPV types but that it is not type-specific. The factors governing which lesions will develop this abnormality are as yet unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giannoudis
- University of Liverpool, Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
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26
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Giannoudis A, Graham DA, Southern SA, Herrington CS. p53 codon 72 ARG/PRO polymorphism is not related to HPV type or lesion grade in low- and high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions and invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix. Int J Cancer 1999; 83:66-9. [PMID: 10449610 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990924)83:1<66::aid-ijc13>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A polymorphism at codon 72 of the p53 gene, resulting in either an arginine or a proline residue in the protein, has been reported to affect the susceptibility of p53 to human papillomavirus (HPV) E6-mediated degradation in cultured cells. However, the relevance of this polymorphism to naturally occurring HPV infection is unclear. Therefore, we analysed its relationship to infecting HPV type and lesion grade in a series of low- and high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SILs) and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. DNA extracted from morphologically characterised, paraffin-embedded tissues (30 normal cervices, 118 low-grade SILs, 118 high-grade SILs and 43 invasive carcinomas) was examined for the presence and type of HPV DNA, and the p53 genotype was identified by both allele-specific PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of p53 genotypes and either HPV type or lesion grade. Our data do not support the hypothesis that this p53 polymorphism is involved in the development of high-grade squamous cervical disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giannoudis
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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27
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Herrington CS, Graham D, Southern SA, Bramdev A, Chetty R. Loss of retinoblastoma protein expression is frequent in small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix and is unrelated to HPV type. Hum Pathol 1999; 30:906-10. [PMID: 10452502 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously identified an inverse relationship between p53 and retinoblastoma protein (pRb) immunoreactivity in non-small cell carcinoma of the cervix. Because pRb is infrequently expressed in small cell carcinoma of the lung, we analyzed 25 small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix to test the hypotheses that 1) lack of pRb expression is associated with the neuroendocrine phenotype in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical carcinoma and 2) the inverse relationship between p53 and pRb immunoreactivity also occurs in these tumors. HPV type was analyzed by PCR, HPV distribution by in situ hybridization and expression of p53 and pRb by immunohistochemistry. All of the tumors contained HPV sequences, with 13 tumors HPV 16 positive, 11 HPV 18 positive, and 1 HPV 45 positive. In situ hybridization showed large intranuclear dot-like signals in all positive tumors, suggesting viral integration. No multiple infections were identified. Expression of retinoblastoma protein was not detectable in 23 tumors (92%), the remaining two showing only weak, focal expression. Expression of p53 protein was variable in distribution and intensity. It did not correlate with HPV type, and there was no relationship with pRb immunoreactivity. These data indicate that, although there is no reciprocal relationship between p53 and pRb immunoreactivity in these tumors, retinoblastoma protein is infrequently expressed in HPV-containing small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix, irrespective of infecting HPV type. This is consistent with the reported findings in small cell carcinoma of the lung and suggests that the small cell neuroendocrine phenotype may be related to the abrogation of retinoblastoma protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Herrington
- University of Liverpool, Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, United Kingdom
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28
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Southern SA, Herrington CS. Differential cell cycle regulation by low- and high-risk human papillomaviruses in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. Cancer Res 1998; 58:2941-5. [PMID: 9679950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have demonstrated the overexpression of cyclin D1 protein in 24 (92%) of 26 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions infected with low-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV 6, 11, 42, 43, and 44) and the absence of cyclin D1 expression in 25 (87%) of 29 lesions infected with high-risk HPVs (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 66). The expression of cyclins E, A, and B proteins was increased in both low-risk and high-risk HPV infections. Tetrasomy of chromosomes 1, 3, 11, 17, 18, and X was present in nine lesions, all of which were infected with high-risk HPVs, but was not related to the pattern of cyclin expression. These data provide in vivo evidence that low- and high-risk HPV types alter cell cycle control by different mechanisms and that cell cycle checkpoint abnormalities are induced by high-risk, but not low-risk, HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Southern
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, United Kingdom
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29
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Southern SA, Graham DA, Herrington CS. Discrimination of human papillomavirus types in low and high grade cervical squamous neoplasia by in situ hybridization. Diagn Mol Pathol 1998; 7:114-21. [PMID: 9785011 DOI: 10.1097/00019606-199804000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that cross-hybridization between probe and target occurs in the analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) 6 and 11, and HPV 16, 31 and 33 infection by in situ hybridization (ISH) in archival tissue biopsies. In this study, 50 low grade and 50 high grade cervical lesions were analyzed using HPV 6/11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 probes to determine the typing accuracy of high sensitivity ISH for a wide range of HPV types. The sensitivity of both ISH and PCR was 92% in low grade lesions and 90% and 96%, respectively, in high grade lesions, with an overall concordance of 97%. The typing accuracy of ISH was only 43% in low grade lesions but 93% in high grade lesions. This was due largely to cross-hybridization of the probes used with other HPV types (HPV 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 66). Although analysis of ISH patterns could narrow down these other HPV types, precise identification was not possible by this means. These data suggest that when high sensitivity ISH methods are used, particularly in low grade lesions, HPV typing by ISH should be supplemented by independent determination of HPV type by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Southern
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, United Kingdom
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30
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature regarding the molecular events which occur in the development of uterine cervical cancer, with particular reference to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. METHODOLOGY Bibliographic searches of Medline and the ISI citation databases using appropriate keywords, including the following: papillomavirus, cervix, pathology, cyclin, chromosome, heterozygosity, telomerase, smoking, hormones, HLA, immune response, HIV, HSV, EBV. CONCLUSIONS It has become clear that most cervical neoplasia, whether intraepithelial or invasive, is attributable in part to HPV infection. However, HPV infection alone is not sufficient, and, in a small proportion of cases, may not be necessary for malignant transformation. There is increasing evidence that HPV gene products interfere with cell cycle control leading to secondary accumulation of small and large scale genetic abnormalities. This may explain the association of viral persistence with lesion progression but, in many patients, secondary factors, such as smoking and immune response, are clearly important. However, the mechanisms involved in the interaction between HPV and host factors are poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Southern
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital
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31
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Graham DA, Southern SA, McDicken IW, Herrington CS. Interphase cytogenetic evidence for distinct genetic pathways in the development of squamous neoplasia of the uterine cervix. J Transl Med 1998; 78:289-96. [PMID: 9520942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated as an etiologic factor in most cervical cancers. However, additional genetic alterations are thought to be required for the development of a carcinogenic genotype. In the present study, interphase cytogenetics utilizing pericentromeric probes specific for chromosomes 1, 3, 11, 17, 18, and X was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 25 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and 25 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (ISCCs) of the cervix. HPV infection was determined by both in situ hybridization and broad-spectrum GP5+/GP6+ PCR. HPV was identified in all high-grade SILs (HPV 16, n = 16; 18, n = 2; 26, n = 1; 31, n = 4; 45, n = 1; 66, n = 1) and 23 (92%) ISCCs (HPV 16, n = 19; 18, n = 2; 31, n = 1; 39, n = 1). Aneusomy was identified in 11 (44%) high-grade SILs and 18 (72%) ISCCs. In 18 (62%) of these, relative under-representation of chromosomes 3, 11, 17, and/or 18 was identified (8 high-grade SILs and 10 ISCCs). Tetrasomy of all six chromosomes was present in two high-grade SILs but no ISCCs. Twelve (48%) high-grade SILs and seven (28%) ISCCs were disomic with all six chromosome probes, and there was no relationship between HPV presence or type and chromosome pattern. The presence of distinct patterns of numerical chromosome abnormality in these lesions suggests that progression to high-grade SIL or invasive carcinoma can occur by more than one genetic pathway. The lack of correlation between chromosome pattern and HPV type indicates that these pathways are not HPV type-specific. Whether these patterns reflect differences in early gene expression, possibly related to viral integration, or differences in the biologic properties of HPV type variants remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, United Kingdom
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32
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Southern SA, Evans MF, Herrington CS. Basal cell tetrasomy in low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions infected with high-risk human papillomaviruses. Cancer Res 1997; 57:4210-3. [PMID: 9331077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed 60 low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions for low- and high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and for numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 3, 11, 17, and 18 and the X chromosome. Eleven of 33 lesions infected with high-risk HPVs (HPV 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 66) but none of 24 lesions infected with low-risk HPVs (HPV 6, 11, 42, 43, and 44) and none of 15 normal cervices showed basal cell tetrasomy of all six chromosomes in the HPV-infected areas. These changes were not HPV type specific and were not present in all lesions infected with the same HPV type. The presence of basal cell tetrasomy in lesions infected with high- but not low-risk HPVs suggests that induction of chromosome instability may be one mechanism underlying the biological differences between these viral types.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Southern
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, United Kingdom
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33
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Abstract
It has been postulated that deletion of genes on chromosome 9 is important in the development of malignant melanoma. In this study, we have investigated this hypothesis by analysing the numerical complement of chromosomes 9, 17 and X by interphase cytogenetics using peri-centromeric repeat probes on paraffin sections from 15 thick melanomas. Three cases showed no relative loss or gain of chromosomes. Two cases showed gain of chromosome 17, and one case loss of chromosome 17 relative to chromosomes 9 and X. Relative chromosome 9 loss was identified in 9 cases (60%). Two of these were monosomic for chromosome 9 with a normal complement of chromosomes 17 and X and six were tetrasomic for chromosome 17 with duplication of chromosome X: chromosome 9 was disomic in five of these cases and trisomic in one. The final case showed loss of both chromosomes 9 and 17 relative to X. The chromosome patterns obtained imply that loss of chromosome 9 frequently takes place before tetraploidisation. This is in keeping with the hypothesis that loss of chromosome 9 is not a late event in melanocyte transformation. Extension of these studies to thin melanomas, in situ melanomas and dysplastic naevi will refine further the point at which these changes occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Q Wolfe
- Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
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34
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been widely implicated in cervical carcinogenesis, but it appears to be an early event, with other genetic abnormalities being required for biological transformation. In this study, interphase cytogenetic analysis of numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 11, 17 and X was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 25 invasive squamous-cell carcinomas of the cervix and compared with both histopathological features and the morphological distribution of HPV sequences as determined by in situ hybridisation. Numerical differences between chromosomes were identified in 76% of cases, with underrepresentation of chromosomes 11 and/or 17 relative to X in 64% of the total; 22 of 25 cases were HPV-positive, containing either HPV 16, 18 or 31. There was no relationship between the distribution of viral sequences and chromosomal pattern, suggesting that HPV infection precedes karyotypic changes. Our findings suggest that relative reduction in number of chromosomes 11 and 17 is important in the development of invasive cervical neoplasia and are consistent with the putative presence of relevant tumour-suppressor genes on these chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Southern
- Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool, UK
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35
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Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a member of the chemokine family of pro-inflammatory chemotactic cytokines and is secreted by some human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. We have used in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry to determine whether IL-8 mRNA and protein, respectively, are produced by human colorectal carcinoma cells in vivo. IL-8 mRNA was detected within the cytoplasm of tumour cells in all nine samples tested, including that of a tumour which had metastasised to a lymph node. Non-involved colonic mucosa within the same tissue blocks showed much weaker labelling. IL-8 protein was detected in 74% (23/31) of tumour samples and was mainly localised to the tumour cell cytoplasm. In 30% of cases, staining was heterogeneous, with between 1 and 30% of cells being positive. In some tumour cells, IL-8 showed a perinuclear distribution resembling that found by in situ hybridisation. Some infiltrating leucocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblast-like cells within the tumour sections were also positive for IL-8 mRNA and protein. The possibilities that colorectal tumours produce IL-8 to aid invasion and/or metastasis or as a tumour growth factor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brew
- Department of Immunology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, U.K
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Aikawa A, McLaughlin PJ, McDicken IW, Davies HM, Southern SA, Johnson PM, Bakran A, Sells RA. TNF staining of graft biopsies in renal transplantation. Transplantation 1993; 56:231-3. [PMID: 8333053 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199307000-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Aikawa
- Renal Transplant Unit, Royal Liverpool University, U.K
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) may have a pathogenic role in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. Tylosis, an inherited thickening of the skin of the palms and soles, was associated with a high risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus among members of a large family in Liverpool. The resected carcinomas of the oesophagus was examined from four such patients with DNA probes to HPV types 6,11,16,18,31,33 and 35 using in situ hybridisation under conditions of high stringency. No reaction was detected. The oesophageal biopsy specimens from 10 tylotic subjects without carcinoma were also examined. No HPV DNA was detected. It is concluded that there is no evidence that HPV infection has a role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus in tylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ashworth
- University Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool
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