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Wang L, Kong H, Jin M, Li X, Stoika R, Lin H, Liu K. Synthesis of disaccharide modified berberine derivatives and their anti-diabetic investigation in zebrafish using a fluorescence-based technology. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:3563-3574. [PMID: 32347284 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid and has been used as an important functional food additive in China due to its various pharmacological activities. Berberine exhibits great potential for developing anti-diabetic agents against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as it can reduce the blood glucose level in many animal models. However, the low anti-diabetic activity and poor bioavailability of berberine (below 5%) by oral administration significantly limit its practical applications. To solve these problems, this article focuses on the structural modification of berberine using some disaccharide groups, because the carbohydrate moiety has been proved to improve the bioavailability and enhance the receptor-binding affinity of drugs. Anti-diabetic investigation of the synthesized compounds was performed in a zebrafish model using a fluorescently labelled glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-d-glucose (2-NBDG) as a glucose tracker. The results indicated that the modification of berberine with carbohydrate groups could give derivatives with improved anti-diabetic activity, in particular the diglucose modified berberine derivative 1 which could dramatically promote the uptake of 2-NBDG in both zebrafish larvae and their eyes even at very low concentrations. Furthermore, the fluorescence-based anti-diabetic investigation method in zebrafish shows great potential for anti-diabetic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China.
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2
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Wang Z, Wei B, Mu T, Xu P, Yu B. Facile Synthesis of Saikosaponins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071941. [PMID: 33808330 PMCID: PMC8037928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin A (SSa) and D (SSd) are typical oleanane-type saponins featuring a unique 13,28-epoxy-ether moiety at D ring of the aglycones, which exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Herein, we report the first synthesis of saikosaponin A/D (1-2) and their natural congeners, including prosaikosaponin F (3), G (4), saikosaponin Y (5), prosaikogenin (6), and clinoposaponin I (7). The present synthesis features ready preparation of the aglycones of high oxidation state from oleanolic acid, regioselective glycosylation to construct the β-(1→3)-linked disaccharide fragment, and efficient gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation to install the glycans on to the aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China;
| | - Bingcheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (B.W.); (T.M.)
| | - Tong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (B.W.); (T.M.)
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (B.W.); (T.M.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (B.Y.)
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (B.W.); (T.M.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (B.Y.)
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Mu T, Wei B, Zhu D, Yu B. Site-selective C-H hydroxylation of pentacyclic triterpenoids directed by transient chiral pyridine-imino groups. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4371. [PMID: 32873790 PMCID: PMC7462855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) constitute one of the biggest families of natural products, many with higher oxidation state at the D/E rings possess a wide spectrum of biological activties but are poorly accessible. Here we report a site-selective C-H hydroxylation at the D/E rings of PTs paving a way toward these important natural products. We find that Schönecker and Baran's Cu-mediated aerobic oxidation can be applied and become site-selective on PT skeletons, as being effected unexpectedly by the chirality of the transient pyridine-imino directing groups. To prove the applicability, starting from the most abundant triterpenoid feedstock oleanane, three representative saponins bearing hydroxyl groups at C16 or C22 are expeditiously synthesized, and barringtogenol C which bears hydroxyl groups at C16, C21, and C22 is synthesized via a sequential hydroxylation as the key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingcheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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Qiao Z, Liu H, Sui JJ, Liao JX, Tu YH, Schmidt RR, Sun JS. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Steviol Glycosides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11480-11492. [PMID: 30183288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With cheap and easily available mixtures of steviol glycosides as starting materials, a practical method for steviol acquisition has been developed, on the basis of which a facile, diversity-oriented, and economic protocol for the synthesis of structurally defined steviol glycosides was established. The novel approach is featured by the highly efficient glycosylation of sterically hindered and acid-sensitive steviol via orchestrated application of Yu glycosylation, Schmidt glycosylation, and PTC glycosylation. Hence, these high-intensity sweeteners and potential lead compounds for drug development are now readily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiao
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis , Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue , Nanchang 330022 , China
| | - Hui Liu
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis , Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue , Nanchang 330022 , China
| | - Jing-Jing Sui
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis , Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue , Nanchang 330022 , China
| | - Jin-Xi Liao
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis , Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue , Nanchang 330022 , China
| | - Yuan-Hong Tu
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis , Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue , Nanchang 330022 , China
| | - Richard R Schmidt
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis , Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue , Nanchang 330022 , China.,Department of Chemistry , University of Konstanz , D-78457 , Konstanz , Germany
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis , Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue , Nanchang 330022 , China
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Li W, Yu B. Gold-catalyzed glycosylation in the synthesis of complex carbohydrate-containing natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7954-7984. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00209f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold(i)- and gold(iii)-catalyzed glycosylation reactions and their application in the synthesis of natural glycoconjugates are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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