1
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Johnson CL, Storm DJ, Sajjad MA, Gyton MR, Duckett SB, Macgregor SA, Weller AS, Navarro M, Campos J. A Gold(I)-Acetylene Complex Synthesised using Single-Crystal Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404264. [PMID: 38699962 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Using single-crystal to single-crystal solid/gas reactivity the gold(I) acetylene complex [Au(L1)(η2-HC≡CH)][BArF4] is cleanly synthesized by addition of acetylene gas to single crystals of [Au(L1)(CO)][BArF4] [L1 = tris-2-(4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl)phosphine, ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]. This simplest gold-alkyne complex has been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy and periodic DFT. Bonding of HC≡CH with [Au(L1)]+ comprises both σ-donation and π-backdonation with additional dispersion interactions within the cavity-shaped phosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J Storm
- University of St Andrews, EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jesus Campos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Institute of Chemical Research, Av. Americo Vespucio 49, Isla de la, 41092, Sevilla, SPAIN
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2
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Bakhoda A. Synthesis and crystal structure of [1,3-bis-(2,6-diiso-propyl-phen-yl)imidazol-2-yl-idene](iso-cyanato-κ N) gold(I). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:166-168. [PMID: 38333129 PMCID: PMC10848990 DOI: 10.1107/s205698902400046x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The title complex, [Au(NCO)(C27H36N2)], was synthesized by ligand metathesis from [1,3-bis-(2,6-diiso-propyl-phen-yl)imidazol-2-yl-idene]gold(I) chloride and sodium cyanate in anhydrous tetra-hydro-furan and crystallized from toluene at 233 K in the ortho-rhom-bic space group P212121, as a neutral complex with the central Au atom di-coordinated by an N-heterocyclic carbene [Au-C = 1.963 (2) Å] and an iso-cyanate [Au-N 1.999 (2) Å] ligands, with a linear CAuNCO moiety. The crystal packing is consolidated by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Bakhoda
- 1Department of Chemistry Towson University 8000 York Road Towson, MD 21252, USA
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3
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Atthar AS, Saha S, Abdulrahman A, Day AI. Microwave Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles in the Presence of Tetrahydrothiophenocucurbituril. Molecules 2023; 29:168. [PMID: 38202751 PMCID: PMC10780150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The preparation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from tetrachloroauric acid in the presence of tetrahydrothiophenocucurbit[n]uril (THTmQ[n]) has been effectively achieved in a microwave reactor. The reaction was performed in the presence of an excess of the tetrahydrothiopheno function in a partial reductant role, while the remainder formed AuNP-THTmQ[n] conjugates after the reduction was completed with formic acid. An affinity for the AuNPs by the THTmQ[n] was observed in the purification of the NPs via centrifugation, removal of the supernatant and resuspension of the conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anthony I. Day
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of New South Wales Canberra, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; (A.S.A.); (S.S.); (A.A.)
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4
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Rodríguez-Gobernado A, Blasco D, Monge M, López-de-Luzuriaga JM. Spontaneous Water-Promoted Self-Aggregation of a Hydrophilic Gold(I) Complex Due to Ligand Sphere Rearrangement. Molecules 2023; 28:5680. [PMID: 37570650 PMCID: PMC10420115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregating gold(I) complexes in solution through short aurophilic contacts promotes new photoluminescent deactivation pathways (aggregation-induced emission, AIE). The time dependence of spontaneous AIE is seldom studied. We examine the behavior of complex [Au(N9-hypoxanthinate)(PTA)] (1) in an aqueous solution with the aid of variable-temperature NMR, time-resolved UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and PGSE NMR. The studies suggest that partial ligand scrambling in favor of the ionic [Au(PTA)2][Au(N9-hypoxanthinate)2] pair followed by anion oligomerization takes place. The results are rationalized with the aid of computational calculations at the TD-DFT level of theory and IRI analysis of the electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Blasco
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Miguel Monge
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - José M. López-de-Luzuriaga
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
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5
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Sobrerroca C, Angurell I, de Aquino A, Romo G, Jubert C, Rodríguez L. Mono- and Dinuclear Gold(I) Coumarin Complexes: Luminescence Studies and Singlet Oxygen Production. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300020. [PMID: 36800440 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The 4-(thiolmethyl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one ligand has been synthesized and used as chromophore in several mono- and dinuclear gold(I) compounds that contain a phosphane at the second coordination position. Four final products were able to obtain in pure form containing one coumarin and one phosphane ligand in the case of PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13.7]decane) and PPh3 (triphenylphosphine); one coumarin and two gold(I)-phosphane groups in the case of phosphane=DAPTA (3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) and two coumarin and two gold(I) atoms in the case of phosphane=DPEphos (bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether), when it was used a diphosphane. Other diphosphane ligands used were not able to give the desired products in pure form. The luminescent properties of the compounds are governed by the fluorescence of the coumarin moiety in all compounds both for measurements carried out in solution and also immobilized in PMMA organic matrix. Phosphorescence emission can be detected in all cases at 77 K both for the uncoordinated coumarin ligand and the gold(I) derivatives, being more favoured in the presence of the gold(I) heavy atom. The compounds have been used as photosensitizers to generate 1 O2 with moderate quantum yields values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Sobrerroca
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Angurell
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli de Aquino
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Romo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Jubert
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Ibáñez S. The New Di-Gold Metallotweezer Based on an Alkynylpyridine System. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123699. [PMID: 35744825 PMCID: PMC9227567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed a simple method to prepare one gold-based metallotweezer with two planar Au-pyrene-NHC arms bound by a 2,6-bis(3-ethynyl-5-tert-butylphenyl)pyridine unit. This metallotweezer is able to bind a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through the π-stacking interactions between the polyaromatic guests and the pyrene moieties of the NHC ligands. The metallotweezer was also used as a host for the encapsulation of planar metal complexes, such as the Au(III) complex [Au(C^N^C)(C≡CC6H4-OCH3-p)], for which there is a large binding constant of 946 M−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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7
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Vanden Broeck SMP, Nelson DJ, Collado A, Falivene L, Cavallo L, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Van Hecke K, Nahra F, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Synthesis of Gold(I)-Trifluoromethyl Complexes and their Role in Generating Spectroscopic Evidence for a Gold(I)-Difluorocarbene Species. Chemistry 2021; 27:8461-8467. [PMID: 33822412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Readily prepared and bench-stable [Au(CF3 )(NHC)] compounds were synthesized by using new methods, starting from [Au(OH)(NHC)], [Au(Cl)(NHC)] or [Au(L)(NHC)]HF2 precursors (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene). The mechanism of formation of these species was investigated. Consequently, a new and straightforward strategy for the mild and selective cleavage of a single carbon/fluorine bond from [Au(CF3 )(NHC)] complexes was attempted and found to be reversible in the presence of an additional nucleophilic fluoride source. This straightforward technique has led to the unprecedented spectroscopic observation of a gold(I)-NHC difluorocarbene species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie M P Vanden Broeck
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Alba Collado
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Falivene
- Universita' di Salerno, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, 84100, Fisiciano, SA, Italia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Universita' di Salerno, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, 84100, Fisiciano, SA, Italia
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Separation and Conversion Technology Unit, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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8
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Rosental M, Coldman RN, Moro AJ, Angurell I, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. Using Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Gold(I) Complexes for PAHs Sensing. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092444. [PMID: 33922155 PMCID: PMC8122727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two new phosphane-gold(I)–napthalimide complexes has been performed and characterized. The compounds present luminescent properties with denoted room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) induced by the proximity of the gold(I) heavy atom that favors intersystem crossing and triplet state population. The emissive properties of the compounds together with the planarity of their chromophore were used to investigate their potential as hosts in the molecular recognition of different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were chosen to evaluate how the size and electronic properties can affect the host:guest interactions. Stronger affinity has been detected through emission titrations for the PAHs with extended aromaticity (anthracene and pyrene) and the results have been supported by DFT calculation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rosental
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (R.N.C.); (I.A.)
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard N. Coldman
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (R.N.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.J.M.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Inmaculada Angurell
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (R.N.C.); (I.A.)
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Gomila
- Serveis Científico Tècnics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Baleares, Spain;
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Baleares, Spain;
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.J.M.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (R.N.C.); (I.A.)
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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9
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Abstract
Saikosaponin A (SSa) and D (SSd) are typical oleanane-type saponins featuring a unique 13,28-epoxy-ether moiety at D ring of the aglycones, which exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Herein, we report the first synthesis of saikosaponin A/D (1-2) and their natural congeners, including prosaikosaponin F (3), G (4), saikosaponin Y (5), prosaikogenin (6), and clinoposaponin I (7). The present synthesis features ready preparation of the aglycones of high oxidation state from oleanolic acid, regioselective glycosylation to construct the β-(1→3)-linked disaccharide fragment, and efficient gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation to install the glycans on to the aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China;
| | - Bingcheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (B.W.); (T.M.)
| | - Tong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (B.W.); (T.M.)
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (B.W.); (T.M.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (B.Y.)
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (B.W.); (T.M.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (B.Y.)
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10
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Babgi BA, Alsayari J, Alenezi HM, Abdellatif MH, Eltayeb NE, Emwas AM, Jaremko M, Hussien MA. Alteration of Anticancer and Protein-Binding Properties of Gold(I) Alkynyl by Phenolic Schiff Bases Moieties. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:461. [PMID: 33805337 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of five gold complexes with the general formula Au(PR3)(C≡C-C6H4-4-R′) (R = PPh3, R′ = –CHO (1), R = PCy3, R′ = –CHO (2), R = PPh3, R′ = –N=CH-C6H4-2-OH (3), R = PPh3, R′ = –N=CH-C6H4-4-OH (4), R = PCy3, R′ = –N=CH-C6H4-2-OH (5)) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, 31P-NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The structures of complexes 2 and 5 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The effects of the structural modifications on the protein binding affinities and anticancer activities of the five gold complexes were assessed. Fluorescence quenching experiments to assess binding to human serum albumin (HSA) revealed that the Schiff base complexes (3, 4, and 5) had binding constants that were superior to their parent aldehyde complexes and highlighted the position of the hydroxy group because complex 4 (4-hydroxy) had a binding constant 6400 times higher than complex 3 (2-hydroxy). The anticancer activities of the complexes against the OVCAR-3 (ovarian carcinoma) and HOP-62 (non-small-cell lung) cancer cell lines showed that the Schiff bases (3–5) were more cytotoxic than the aldehyde-containing complexes (1 and 2). Notably, compound 4 had cytotoxic activity comparable to that of cisplatin against OVCAR-3, demonstrating the significance of the para position for the hydroxy group. Molecular docking studies against the enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and human serum albumin were conducted, with docking scores in good agreement with the experimental data. The current study highlights how small structural modifications can alter physiochemical and anticancer properties. Moreover, this simple design strategy using the aldehyde group can generate extensive opportunities to explore new gold(I)-based anticancer drugs via condensation, cyclization, or nucleophilic addition reactions of the aldehyde.
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11
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Shimada T, Mori S, Ishida M, Furuta H. Regioselectively α- and β-alkynylated BODIPY dyes via gold(I)-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization and their photophysical properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:587-595. [PMID: 32280386 PMCID: PMC7136566 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of α- and β-ethynyl-substituted BODIPY derivatives (3a, 4a, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b) were synthesized by gold(I)-catalyzed direct C-H alkynylation reactions of dipyrromethane and BODIPY, respectively, with ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) in a regioselective manner. Depending on the position of the ethynyl substituent in the BODIPY skeleton, the photophysical properties of the resulting α- and β-substituted BODIPYs are notably altered. The lowest S0-S1 transition absorbance and fluorescence bands are both bathochromically shifted as the number of substituents increases, while the emission quantum yields of the β-ethynylated derivatives are significantly lower than those of α-ethynylated ones. The current method should be useful for fine-tuning of the photophysical properties of BODIPY dyes as well as for constructing BODIPY-based building cores for functional π-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Shimada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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12
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Selvakumar J, Miles MH, Grossie DA, Arumugam K. Synthesis and molecular structure of biologically significant bis(1,3-dimesityl-4,5-naphthoquinoimidazol-2-ylidene) gold(I) complexes with chloride and dichloridoaurate counter-ions. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2019; 75:462-468. [PMID: 30957792 PMCID: PMC6452777 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619003292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffraction-quality single crystals of two gold(I) complexes, namely bis(1,3-dimesityl-4,5-naphthoquinoimidazol-2-ylidene)gold(I) chloride benzene monosolvate, [Au(C29H26N2O2)2]Cl·C6H6 or [(NQMes)2Au]Cl·C6H6, 2, and bis(1,3-dimesityl-4,5-naphthoquinoimidazol-2-ylidene)gold(I) dichloridoaurate(I) dichloromethane disolvate, [Au(C29H26N2O2)2][AuCl2]·2CH2Cl2 or [(NQMes)2Au][AuCl2]·2CH2Cl2, 4, were isolated and studied with the aid of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 2 crystallizes in a monoclinic space group C2/c with eight molecules in the unit cell, while compound 4 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with two molecules in the unit cell. The crystal lattice of compound 2 reveals C-H...Cl- interactions that are present throughout the entire structure representing head-to-tail contacts between the aromatic (C-H) hydrogens of naphthoquinone and Cl- counter-ions. Compound 4 stacks with the aid of short interactions between a naphthoquinone O atom of one molecule and the mesityl methyl group of another molecule along the a axis, leading to a one-dimensional strand that is held together by strong π-η2 interactions between the imidazolium backbone and the [AuCl2]- counter-ion. The bond angles defined by the AuI atom and two carbene C atoms [C(carbene)-Au-C(carbene)] in compounds 2 and 4 are nearly rectilinear, with an average value of ∼174.1 [2]°. Though 2 and 4 share the same cation, they differ in their counter-anion, which alters the crystal lattice of the two compounds. The knowledge gleaned from these studies is expected to be useful in understanding the molecular interactions of 2 and 4 under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Meredith H. Miles
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - David A. Grossie
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Kuppuswamy Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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Klein JEMN, Knizia G, Nunes Dos Santos Comprido L, Kästner J, Hashmi ASK. C(sp 3 )-H Bond Activation by Vinylidene Gold(I) Complexes: A Concerted Asynchronous or Stepwise Process? Chemistry 2017; 23:16097-16103. [PMID: 28922498 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A detailed analysis of the C(sp3 )-H activation process by vinylidene AuI complexes is described based on an intrinsic bond orbital analysis. Based on our analysis this event can be divided into three phases: (i) hydride transfer, (ii) C-C bond formation, and (iii) σ to π rearrangement of the lone pair coordinated to Au. Small perturbations of the system lead to either a concerted asynchronous reaction, or a stepwise reaction featuring an intermediate with a C-H-C three-centre two-electron (3c-2e) bond. The role of π-donating substituents is highlighted and provides a way of controlling reactions of this type in future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes E M N Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Present Address: Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald Knizia
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 401A Chemistry Bldg, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Johannes Kästner
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Woodall CH, Christensen J, Skelton JM, Hatcher LE, Parlett A, Raithby PR, Walsh A, Parker SC, Beavers CM, Teat SJ, Intissar M, Reber C, Allan DR. Observation of a re-entrant phase transition in the molecular complex tris(μ 2-3,5-diiso-propyl-1,2,4-triazolato-κ 2N1: N2)tri gold(I) under high pressure. IUCrJ 2016; 3:367-376. [PMID: 28461897 PMCID: PMC5391858 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252516013129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a molecular crystal that exhibits four successive phase transitions under hydro-static pressure, driven by aurophilic interactions, with the ground-state structure re-emerging at high pressure. The effect of pressure on two polytypes of tris(μ2-3,5-diiso-propyl-1,2,4-triazolato-κ2N1:N2)trigold(I) (denoted Form-I and Form-II) has been analysed using luminescence spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and first-principles computation. A unique phase behaviour was observed in Form-I, with a complex sequence of phase transitions between 1 and 3.5 GPa. The ambient C2/c mother cell transforms to a P21/n phase above 1 GPa, followed by a P21/a phase above 2 GPa and a large-volume C2/c supercell at 2.70 GPa, with the previously observed P21/n phase then reappearing at higher pressure. The observation of crystallographically identical low- and high-pressure P21/n phases makes this a rare example of a re-entrant phase transformation. The phase behaviour has been characterized using detailed crystallographic theory and modelling, and rationalized in terms of molecular structural distortions. The dramatic changes in conformation are correlated with shifts of the luminescence maxima, from a band maximum at 14040 cm-1 at 2.40 GPa, decreasing steeply to 13550 cm-1 at 3 GPa. A similar study of Form-II displays more conventional crystallographic behaviour, indicating that the complex behaviour observed in Form-I is likely to be a direct consequence of the differences in crystal packing between the two polytypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeppe Christensen
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Parlett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Paul R. Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Christine M. Beavers
- Station 11.3.1, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Station 11.3.1, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mourad Intissar
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - David R. Allan
- Station I19, Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
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Morin M, Levesque P, Barriault L. Gold(I)-catalyzed domino cyclization for the synthesis of polyaromatic heterocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2625-8. [PMID: 24367426 PMCID: PMC3869369 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold(I) complexes have emerged as powerful and useful catalysts for the formation of new C–C, C–O and C–N bonds. Taking advantage of the specificity of [IPrAuNCMe][SbF6] complexes to favor the 5-exo-dig cyclization over the 6-endo-dig pathway, we report a high yielding and efficient method to generate substituted polyaromatic heterocycles under remarkably mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Morin
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1T 1B5
| | - Patrick Levesque
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1T 1B5
| | - Louis Barriault
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1T 1B5
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