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Almodovar VAS, Tomé AC. A new platform for the synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1933-1939. [PMID: 39135659 PMCID: PMC11318607 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) are a versatile group of dyes and pigments with valuable optoelectronic properties. In this work we report the synthesis of highly fluorescent DPP derivatives through straightforward nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with thiols and phenols. These nucleophilic substitutions occur at room temperature and manifest a remarkable selectivity for the 4-position of the pentafluorophenyl groups. Both symmetrical (disubstitution) and non-symmetrical (monosubstitution) DPP derivatives are formed in excellent overall yields. The optical properties of the newly synthesized compounds are also discussed. The new platform may be useful for bioorthogonal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor A S Almodovar
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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2
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Meng J, Luo N, Zhang G, Shao X, Liu Z, Zhang D. N-Aryl diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives towards organic optical and electronic materials. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Shaikh SA, Birajdar SS, Ambore SD, Puyad AL, Vijayanand P, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. A minireview on diketopyrrolopyrrole chemistry: Historical perspective and recent developments. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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4
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Jiang W, Liu Z, Zhu D, Zheng W, Chen L, Zhang X, Zhang G, Yi Y, Jiang L, Zhang D. New Synthetic Approaches to
N
‐Aryl and π‐Expanded Diketopyrrolopyrroles as New Building Blocks for Organic Optoelectronic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Danlei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenyu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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5
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Jiang W, Liu Z, Zhu D, Zheng W, Chen L, Zhang X, Zhang G, Yi Y, Jiang L, Zhang D. New Synthetic Approaches to N-Aryl and π-Expanded Diketopyrrolopyrroles as New Building Blocks for Organic Optoelectronic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10700-10708. [PMID: 33634550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as a building block has been intensively investigated for organic semiconductors and light emitting materials. The synthesis of N-aryl DPPs remains challenging. Herein, we firstly report a new easily handled synthetic method toward N-aryl DPPs through H-DPP with diaryliodonium salt in the presence of CuI, which shows broad reaction scope. Sixteen N-aryl DPPs, including phenyl, furan and thiophene as flanking aromatic groups, were synthesized with yields up to 78 %. These N-aryl DPPs are fluorescent in both solutions and solid states, with quantum yields up to 96 % and 40 %, respectively. Moreover, we show that the reaction between H-DPP and diaryliodonium salt can lead to π-expanded DPPs by using Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst. Nine π-expanded DPPs were obtained in 27-61 % yields. These π-expanded DPPs exhibit good semiconducting properties with hole mobility of 0.71 cm2 V-1 s-1 , demonstrating that they are useful building blocks for high performance organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Danlei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenyu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Luo N, Zhang G, Liu Z. Keep glowing and going: recent progress in diketopyrrolopyrrole synthesis towards organic optoelectronic materials. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00613d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the syntheses of DPP derivatives is summarized as well as the structure–property relationships of the derivatives, including the syntheses of DPP cores, N-functionalization reactions, and π-extensions on and along the DPP cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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7
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next-Generation Large X-Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16104-16113. [PMID: 32492240 PMCID: PMC7689858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Red‐emissive π‐expanded diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) with fluorescence reaching λ=750 nm can be easily synthesized by a three‐step strategy involving the preparation of diketopyrrolopyrrole followed by N‐arylation and subsequent intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation. Comprehensive spectroscopic assays combined with first‐principles calculations corroborated that both N‐arylated and fused DPPs reach a locally excited (S1) state after excitation, followed by internal conversion to states with solvent and structural relaxation, before eventually undergoing intersystem crossing. Only the structurally relaxed state is fluorescent, with lifetimes in the range of several nanoseconds and tens of picoseconds in nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively. The lifetimes correlate with the fluorescence quantum yields, which range from 6 % to 88 % in nonpolar solvents and from 0.4 % and 3.2 % in polar solvents. A very inefficient (T1) population is responsible for fluorescence quantum yields as high as 88 % for the fully fused DPP in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Gutkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick M McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next‐Generation Large X‐Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Patrick M. McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | | | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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9
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Gutkowski K, Skonieczny K, Bugaj M, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. N-Arylation of Diketopyrrolopyrroles with Aryl Triflates. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1369-1375. [PMID: 32154982 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology for the double N-arylation of diketopyrrolopyrroles with aryl triflates has been developed. It is now possible to prepare diketopyrrolopyrroles bearing N-substituents derived from naphthalene, anthracene and coumarin in two steps from commercially available phenols. This represents the first time arenes lacking strong electron-withdrawing groups were inserted onto lactamic nitrogen atoms via arylation. The ability to incorporate heretofore unprecedented substituents translates to increased modulation of the resulting photophysical properties such as switching-on/off solvatofluorochromism. TD-DFT calculations have been performed to explore the nature of the relevant excited states. This new synthetic method made it possible to elucidate the influence of such substituents on the absorption and emission properties of tetraaryl substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gutkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Bugaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Murphy AS, Killalea CE, Humphreys J, Hume PA, Cliffe MJ, Murray GJ, Davies ES, Lewis W, Amabilino DB. Ground and Excited States of Bis‐4‐Methoxybenzyl‐Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrroles: Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Studies. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1413-1422. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna S. Murphy
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU United Kingdom
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - C. Elizabeth Killalea
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU United Kingdom
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Humphreys
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU United Kingdom
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Hume
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU United Kingdom
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington Wellington 6010 New Zealand
| | - Matthew J. Cliffe
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Glen J. Murray
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - E. Stephen Davies
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - William Lewis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
- Chemistry BuildingThe University of Sydney Eastern Avenue NSW 2006 Australia
| | - David B. Amabilino
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU United Kingdom
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
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