1
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Zuo H, Qu ZW, Kemper S, Klare HFT, Grimme S, Oestreich M. Silylium-Ion-Promoted (3 + 2) Annulation of Allenylsilanes with Internal Alkynes Involving a Pentadienyl-to-Allyl Cation Electrocyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:31377-31383. [PMID: 39503618 PMCID: PMC11583337 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
A (3 + 2) annulation of allenyl- and, after rapid isomerization, propargylsilanes with internal 1-aryl-1-alkynes to form 4-methylenecyclopentenes is reported. The reaction is initiated by a silylium ion, and the catalytic cycle is subsequently maintained by the self-regeneration of the silylium-ion promoter. Unlike the well-established Danheiser annulation, where the allenylsilane serves as a three-carbon synthon, the present transformation engages the allenylsilane as a two-carbon synthon. Experimental observations and DFT calculations unveil a reaction cascade involving various β-silicon-stabilized carbocations, where a pentadienyl-to-allyl cation electrocyclization is the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Zuo
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius-Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
Bonn, Beringstraße
4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius-Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
Bonn, Beringstraße
4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Yepes P, Suárez-Sobrino ÁL, Rodríguez MA, Ballesteros A. Silylium-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Carbosilylation of Ynamides with Allylic Trimethylsilanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:1020-1024. [PMID: 36749888 PMCID: PMC9942199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The regio- and stereoselective carbosilylation of tosylynamides with allylic trimethylsilanes takes place under mild conditions in the presence of catalytic TMSNTf2 or HNTf2 to give (Z)-α-allyl-β-trimethylsilylenamides with good yields. Theoretical calculations show the activation of the C-C triple bond of the ynamides by the trimethylsilylium ion and formation of a β-trimethylsilylketenimonium cation. Further transformations of the products demonstrate the synthetic utility of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Yepes
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario
de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel L. Suárez-Sobrino
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario
de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Orgánica, Universidad de la Rioja, Madre de Dios, 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ballesteros
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario
de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain,
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3
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He T, Qu Z, Klare HFT, Grimme S, Oestreich M. Intermolecular Carbosilylation of α-Olefins with C(sp 3 )-C(sp) Bond Formation Involving Silylium-Ion Regeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203347. [PMID: 35344257 PMCID: PMC9321976 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A regioselective addition of alkynylsilanes across unactivated, terminal alkenes is reported. The reaction is initiated by the capture of a sterically unhindered silylium ion by a silylated phenylacetylene derivative to form a bis(silylated) ketene-like carbocation. This in situ-generated key intermediate is the actual catalyst that maintains the catalytic cycle by a series of electrophilic addition reactions of silylium ions and β-silicon-stabilized carbocations. The computed reaction mechanism is fully consistent with the experimental findings. This unprecedented two-component carbosilylation establishes a C(sp3 )-C(sp) bond and a C(sp3 )-Si bond in atom-economic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstraße 453115BonnGermany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstraße 453115BonnGermany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
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4
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González JM, Rubial B, Ballesteros A. Silylium‐Catalyzed Alkynylation and Etherification Reactions of Benzylic Acetates. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel González
- Universidad de Oviedo Quimica Organica e Inorganica Julian Claveria 8 33006 Oviedo SPAIN
| | - Belén Rubial
- Universidad de Oviedo Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" SPAIN
| | - Alfredo Ballesteros
- Universidad de Oviedo Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" SPAIN
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5
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He T, Qu ZW, Klare HFT, Grimme S, Oestreich M. Intermolecular Carbosilylation of α‐Olefins with C(sp3)–C(sp) Bond Formation Involving Silylium‐Ion Regeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Institute of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Institute of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin GERMANY
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6
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Stachowiak H, Kuciński K, Kallmeier F, Kempe R, Hreczycho G. Cobalt-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative C-H Silylation of Alkynylsilanes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103629. [PMID: 34634167 PMCID: PMC9299208 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report that a cobalt catalyst permits the general synthesis of substituted alkynylsilanes through dehydrogenative coupling of alkynylsilanes and hydrosilanes. Several silylated alkynes, including di- and trisubstituted ones, were prepared in a one-step procedure. Thirty-seven compounds were synthesized for the first time by applying our catalyst system. The alkynylsilanes bearing hydrosilyl moieties provide an opportunity for further functionalization (e. g., hydrosilylation). The use of primary silanes as substrates and precatalyst activators permits the use of inexpensive and easily accessible 3d metal precatalysts, and avoids the presence of additional activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Stachowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Silicon CompoundsFaculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 861-614PoznańPoland
| | - Krzysztof Kuciński
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Silicon CompoundsFaculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 861-614PoznańPoland
| | - Fabian Kallmeier
- Inorganic Chemistry II–Catalyst DesignSustainable Chemistry CentreUniversity of Bayreuth95440BayreuthGermany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Inorganic Chemistry II–Catalyst DesignSustainable Chemistry CentreUniversity of Bayreuth95440BayreuthGermany
| | - Grzegorz Hreczycho
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Silicon CompoundsFaculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 861-614PoznańPoland
- Centre for Advanced TechnologiesAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 1061-614PoznańPoland
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7
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Chen K, Dong H, Wang J, Lei X. Concise total synthesis of nauclefine: A regioselective Rhodium(III)-catalyzed oxidative C-H activation approach. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Nakao S, Saikai M, Nishimoto Y, Yasuda M. InBr
3
‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction between Electron‐Deficient Alkenyl Ethers with Silyl Enolates for Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,5‐Dioxo‐alk‐2‐enes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakao
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2‐1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565‐0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Miki Saikai
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2‐1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565‐0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2‐1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565‐0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2‐1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565‐0871 Osaka Japan
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9
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Fernández S, Santamaría J, Ballesteros A. Gold(I)-Catalyzed One-Pot and Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans-2-Silyl-4,5-dihydrofurans from Propargylsilanes and Aldehydes. Org Lett 2020; 22:6590-6594. [PMID: 32806201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A diastereoselective and high-yielding gold-catalyzed synthesis of trans-2-silyl-4,5-dihydrofurans is described. In addition to a sequential manner, this reaction could be performed in a one-pot procedure from propargylsilanes and aldehydes. A mechanistic proposal for the cis-trans isomerization step is formulated. To provide experimental support for this proposal, which involves ring opening/ring closing steps of the dihydrofuran, several isotopically labeled experiments, intramolecular capture of a proposed intermediate, and construction of a Hammett plot have been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" and Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Santamaría
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" and Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ballesteros
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" and Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
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10
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Künzler S, Rathjen S, Merk A, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. An Experimental Acidity Scale for Intramolecularly Stabilized Silyl Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2019; 25:15123-15130. [PMID: 31469201 PMCID: PMC6899571 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new NMR-based Lewis acidity scale is suggested and its application is demonstrated for a family of silyl Lewis acids. The reaction of p-fluorobenzonitrile (FBN) with silyl cations that are internally stabilized by interaction with a remote chalcogenyl or halogen donor yields silylated nitrilium ions with the silicon atom in a trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment. The 19 F NMR chemical shifts and the 1 J(CF) coupling constants of these nitrilium ions vary in a predictable manner with the donor capability of the stabilizing group. The spectroscopic parameters are suitable probes for scaling the acidity of Lewis acids. These new probes allow for the discrimination between very similar Lewis acids, which is not possible with conventional NMR tests, such as the well-established Gutmann-Beckett method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Künzler
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl von Ossietzky-Str. 9–1126129OldenburgGermany, European Union
| | - Saskia Rathjen
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl von Ossietzky-Str. 9–1126129OldenburgGermany, European Union
| | - Anastasia Merk
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl von Ossietzky-Str. 9–1126129OldenburgGermany, European Union
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl von Ossietzky-Str. 9–1126129OldenburgGermany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl von Ossietzky-Str. 9–1126129OldenburgGermany, European Union
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11
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Fernández S, González J, Santamaría J, Ballesteros A. Propargylsilanes as Reagents for Synergistic Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Propargylation of Carbonyl Compounds: Isolation and Characterization of σ‐Gold(I) Allenyl Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” and Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo c/ Julián Clavería 8 33007 Oviedo Spain
| | - Jairo González
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” and Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo c/ Julián Clavería 8 33007 Oviedo Spain
| | - Javier Santamaría
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” and Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo c/ Julián Clavería 8 33007 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alfredo Ballesteros
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” and Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo c/ Julián Clavería 8 33007 Oviedo Spain
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12
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Fernández S, González J, Santamaría J, Ballesteros A. Propargylsilanes as Reagents for Synergistic Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Propargylation of Carbonyl Compounds: Isolation and Characterization of σ‐Gold(I) Allenyl Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10703-10707. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” and Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo c/ Julián Clavería 8 33007 Oviedo Spain
| | - Jairo González
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” and Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo c/ Julián Clavería 8 33007 Oviedo Spain
| | - Javier Santamaría
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” and Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo c/ Julián Clavería 8 33007 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alfredo Ballesteros
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” and Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo c/ Julián Clavería 8 33007 Oviedo Spain
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