1
|
Escolano M, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1122-1246. [PMID: 38166390 PMCID: PMC10902862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aleksiev M, García Mancheño O. Enantioselective dearomatization reactions of heteroarenes by anion-binding organocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3360-3372. [PMID: 36790499 PMCID: PMC10019134 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc07101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of heteroaromatic compounds has received considerable attention in the last few years, since it allows for a fast expansion of the chemical space by converting relatively simple, flat molecules into complex, three dimensional structures with added value. Among different approaches, remarkable progress has been recently achieved by the development of organocatalytic dearomatization methods. In particular, the anion-binding catalysis technology has emerged as a potent alternative to metal catalysis, which together with the design of novel, tunable anion-receptor motifs, has provided new entries for the enantioselective dearomatization of heteroarenes through a chiral contact ion pair formation by activation of the electrophilic reaction partner. In this feature, we provide an overview of the different methodologies and advances in anion-binding catalyzed dearomatization reactions of different heteroarenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Aleksiev
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36/40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36/40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O'Brien L, Argent SP, Ermanis K, Lam HW. Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Azinium Ions with Allylboronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202305. [PMID: 35239987 PMCID: PMC9314030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Brien
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Stephen P. Argent
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Enantioselective organocatalytic synthesis of α-allylated dihydroquinolines. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
5
|
O'Brien L, Argent SP, Ermanis K, Lam HW. Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Azinium Ions with Allylboronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Brien
- University of Nottingham School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Hon Wai Lam
- University of Nottingham The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry Jubilee CampusTriumph Road NG7 2TU Nottingham UNITED KINGDOM
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nural Y, Ozdemir S, Yalcin MS, Demir B, Atabey H, Seferoglu Z, Ece A. New bis- and tetrakis-1,2,3-triazole derivatives: Synthesis, DNA cleavage, molecular docking, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and acid dissociation constants. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 55:128453. [PMID: 34801684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of bis- and tetrakis-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry in 73-95% yield. The bis- and tetrakis-1,2,3-triazoles exhibited significant DNA cleavage activity while the tetrakis-1,2,3-triazole analog 6g completely degraded the plasmid DNA. Molecular docking simulations suggest that compound 6g acts as minor groove binder of DNA by binding through several noncovalent interactions with base pairs. All bis- and tetrakis-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were screened for antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. hirae, L. pneumophila subsp. pneumophila strains and antifungal activity against microfungus C. albicans and C. tropicalis strains. Compound 4d exhibited the best antibacterial activity among bis-1,2,3-triazoles against E. coli and E. hirae, while 6c exhibited the best antibacterial activity among tetrakis-1,2,3-triazoles against E. hirae. Furthermore, the best antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. tropicalis was reported for the compound 5, while 6d displayed the best antifungal activity against C. tropicalis and C. albicans. Reasonable iron chelating activities and DPPH radical scavenging abilities were found for some of the compounds. Finally, the acid dissociation constants (pKa) of the bis-1,2,3-triazoles were also determined with the help of HYPERQUAD program using the data obtained from potentiometric titrations. The reported data here concludes that the bis- and tetrakis-1,2,3-triazoles are important cores that should be considered for further development of especially new anticancer agents acting through the DNA cleavage activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Nural
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin 33169, Turkey; Advanced Technology, Research and Application Center, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Sadin Ozdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, Mersin 33343, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Serkan Yalcin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, Mersin 33343, Turkey
| | - Bunyamin Demir
- Advanced Technology, Research and Application Center, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin 33169, Turkey
| | - Hasan Atabey
- Mersin National Education Directorate, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Zeynel Seferoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, Ankara TR-06560, Turkey
| | - Abdulilah Ece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Organocatalysis: A Tool of Choice for the Enantioselective Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Electron-Deficient Six-Membered Ring Azaarenium Salts. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophilic dearomatization of azaarenium salts is a powerful strategy to access 3D scaffolds of interest from easily accessible planar aromatic azaarene compounds. Moreover, this approach yields complex dihydroazaarenes by allowing the functionalization of the scaffold simultaneously to the dearomatization step. On the other side, organocatalysis is nowadays recognized as one of the pillars of the asymmetric catalysis field of research and is well-known to afford a high level of enantioselectivity for a myriad of transformations thanks to well-organized transition states resulting from low-energy interactions (electrostatic and/or H-bonding interactions…). Consequently, in the last fifteen years, organocatalysis has met great success in nucleophilic dearomatization of azaarenium salts. This review summarizes the work achieved up to date in the field of organocatalyzed nucleophilic dearomatization of azaarenium salts (mainly pyridinium, quinolinium, quinolinium and acridinium salts). A classification by organocatalytic mode of activation will be disclosed by shedding light on their related advantages and drawbacks. The versatility of the dearomatization approach will also be demonstrated by discussing several chemical transformations of the resulting dihydroazaarenes towards the synthesis of structurally complex compounds.
Collapse
|
8
|
Schifferer L, Stinglhamer M, Kaur K, Macheño OG. Halides as versatile anions in asymmetric anion-binding organocatalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2270-2286. [PMID: 34621390 PMCID: PMC8450959 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review intends to provide an overview on the role of halide anions in the development of the research area of asymmetric anion-binding organocatalysis. Key early elucidation studies with chloride as counter-anion confirmed this type of alternative activation, which was then exploited in several processes and contributed to the advance and consolidation of anion-binding catalysis as a field. Thus, the use of the halide in the catalyst–anion complex as both a mere counter-anion spectator or an active nucleophile has been depicted, along with the new trends toward additional noncovalent contacts within the HB-donor catalyst and supramolecular interactions to both the anion and the cationic reactive species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schifferer
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Stinglhamer
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Macheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gómez‐Martínez M, del Carmen Pérez‐Aguilar M, Piekarski DG, Daniliuc CG, García Mancheño O. N,N-Dialkylhydrazones as Versatile Umpolung Reagents in Enantioselective Anion-Binding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5102-5107. [PMID: 33306858 PMCID: PMC7986925 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective anion-binding organocatalytic approach with versatile N,N-dialkylhydrazones (DAHs) as polarity-reversed (umpolung) nucleophiles is presented. For the application of this concept, a highly ordered hydrogen-bond (HB) network between a carefully selected CF3 -substituted triazole-based multidentate HB-donor catalyst, the ionic substrate and the hydrazone in a supramolecular chiral ion-pair complex was envisioned. The formation of such a network was further supported by both experimental and computational studies, which showed the crucial role of the anion as a template unit. The asymmetric Reissert-type reaction of quinolines as a model test reaction chemoselectively delivered highly enantiomerically enriched hydrazones (up 95:5 e.r.) that could be further derivatized to value-added compounds with up to three stereocenters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dariusz G. Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry InstituteMünster UniversityCorrensstrasse 36MünsterGermany
- Current affiliation: Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/52, 01-224WarsawPoland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gómez‐Martínez M, Carmen Pérez‐Aguilar M, Piekarski DG, Daniliuc CG, García Mancheño O. N
,
N
‐Dialkylhydrazones as Versatile Umpolung Reagents in Enantioselective Anion‐Binding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dariusz G. Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry Institute Münster University Corrensstrasse 36 Münster Germany
- Current affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute Münster University Corrensstrasse 36 Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ostler F, Piekarski DG, Danelzik T, Taylor MS, García Mancheño O. Neutral Chiral Tetrakis-Iodo-Triazole Halogen-Bond Donor for Chiral Recognition and Enantioselective Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:2315-2320. [PMID: 33210767 PMCID: PMC7898328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding represents a powerful tool in the field of noncovalent interactions. However, applications in enantioselective recognition and catalysis remain almost nonexistent, due in part to the distinct features of halogen bonds, including long covalent and noncovalent bond distances and high directionality. Herein, this work presents a novel chiral tetrakis-iodo-triazole structure as a neutral halogen bond donor for both chiral anion-recognition and enantioinduction in ion-pair organocatalysis. NMR-titration studies revealed significant differences in anion affinity between the halogen bonding receptor and its hydrogen bonding parent. Selective recognition of chiral dicarboxylates and asymmetric induction in a benchmark organocatalytic reaction were demonstrated using the halogen bond donor. Inversions in the absolute sense of chiral recognition, enantioselectivity, and chiroptical properties relative to the related hydrogen donor were observed. Computational modeling suggested that these effects were the result of distinct anion-binding modes for the halogen- versus hydrogen-bond donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ostler
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Dariusz G. Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
- Current affiliation: Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Tobias Danelzik
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- University of TorontoDepartment of Chemistry80 St. George StreetONM5S 3H6TorontoCanada
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiao M, Gao J, Fang X. Enantioselective Synthesis of 4-Cyanotetrahydroquinolines via Ni-Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of 1,2-Dihydroquinolines. Org Lett 2020; 22:8566-8571. [PMID: 33085493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed asymmetric hydrocyanation that enables the formation of 4-cyanotetrahydroquinolines in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities is presented herein. A variety of functional groups are well-tolerated, and a gram-scale reaction supports the synthetic potential of the transformation. Additionally, several crucial intermediates for pharmaceutically active agents, including a PGD2 receptor antagonist, are now accessible through asymmetric synthesis using this new protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Jiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihui Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu-Xu QF, Zhang X, You SL. Enantioselective Synthesis of 4-Allyl Tetrahydroquinolines via Copper(I) Hydride-Catalyzed Hydroallylation of 1,2-Dihydroquinolines. Org Lett 2020; 22:1530-1534. [PMID: 32009411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CuCl/(R,R)-Ph-BPE-catalyzed asymmetric hydroallylation of 1,2-dihydroquinolines, prepared from readily available quinolines, was developed. The optically active tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) bearing an allylic functionality at position 4 were obtained in good yields and excellent enantioselectivity. The introduced allylic groups are amenable to diverse transformations, thus offering chances to rapidly expand the THQ libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Feng Xu-Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grewal S, Roy S, Kumar H, Saraswat M, Bari NK, Sinha S, Venkataramani S. Temporal control in tritylation reactions through light-driven variation in chloride ion binding catalysis – a proof of concept. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A proof-of-concept on temporal control in the tritylation reactions has been demonstrated using a designed tripodal triazole-linked azo(hetero)arene-based photoswitchable catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Grewal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Naimat K. Bari
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST)
- Mohali-160 062
- India
| | - Sharmistha Sinha
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST)
- Mohali-160 062
- India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| |
Collapse
|