1
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Arora S, Singh T, Singh A. Photocatalytic C2-trifluoroethylation and perfluoroalkylation of 3-substituted indoles using fluoroalkyl halides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4278-4282. [PMID: 38747327 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A photocatalytic reactivity platform for the C2-trifluoroethylation and perfluoroalkylation of 3-substituted indoles has been developed. A range of fluoroalkyl halides have been employed as radical precursors under mild, transition-metal-free conditions to access new (per)fluorinated chemical space featuring the indole substructure. This general protocol is also applicable to indole-containing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Tavinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Kotak School of Sustainability, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India
- Chandrakanta Kesavan Center for Energy Policy and Climate Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India
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2
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Wang J, Zhang Z, Shen Y, Zhao Y, Wu J. Electrochemical Synthesis of Phosphorylated Indoles and Trp-Containing Oligopeptides. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38804550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cp2Fe-mediated electrochemical synthesis of phosphorylated indoles and Trp-containing oligopeptides has been developed, which eliminates the need for external oxidants and yields the desired products in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. Importantly, the synthetic applicability was further demonstrated through its easy scalability and the anticancer activity of the product. Remarkably, it presents the first electrochemical protocol to access the phosphorylation of indoles and Trp-containing oligopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yirui Shen
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Ju Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Zhejiang, China
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3
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Kaplaneris N, Akdeniz M, Fillols M, Arrighi F, Raymenants F, Sanil G, Gryko DT, Noël T. Photocatalytic Functionalization of Dehydroalanine-Derived Peptides in Batch and Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403271. [PMID: 38497510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Unnatural amino acids, and their synthesis by the late-stage functionalization (LSF) of peptides, play a crucial role in areas such as drug design and discovery. Historically, the LSF of biomolecules has predominantly utilized traditional synthetic methodologies that exploit nucleophilic residues, such as cysteine, lysine or tyrosine. Herein, we present a photocatalytic hydroarylation process targeting the electrophilic residue dehydroalanine (Dha). This residue possesses an α,β-unsaturated moiety and can be combined with various arylthianthrenium salts, both in batch and flow reactors. Notably, the flow setup proved instrumental for efficient scale-up, paving the way for the synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides in substantial quantities. Our photocatalytic approach, being inherently mild, permits the diversification of peptides even when they contain sensitive functional groups. The readily available arylthianthrenium salts facilitate the seamless integration of Dha-containing peptides with a wide range of arenes, drug blueprints, and natural products, culminating in the creation of unconventional phenylalanine derivatives. The synergistic effect of the high functional group tolerance and the modular characteristic of the aryl electrophile enables efficient peptide conjugation and ligation in both batch and flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merve Akdeniz
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Méritxell Fillols
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Arrighi
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gana Sanil
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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De Jesus IS, Vélez JAC, Pissinati EF, Correia JTM, Rivera DG, Paixao MW. Recent Advances in Photoinduced Modification of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300322. [PMID: 38279622 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The chemical modification of biopolymers like peptides and proteins is a key technology to access vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Similarly, the tunable derivatization of individual amino acids is important as they are key building blocks of biomolecules, bioactive natural products, synthetic polymers, and innovative materials. The high diversity of functional groups present in amino acid-based molecules represents a significant challenge for their selective derivatization Recently, visible light-mediated transformations have emerged as a powerful strategy for achieving chemoselective biomolecule modification. This technique offers numerous advantages over other methods, including a higher selectivity, mild reaction conditions and high functional-group tolerance. This review provides an overview of the most recent methods covering the photoinduced modification for single amino acids and site-selective functionalization in peptides and proteins under mild and even biocompatible conditions. Future challenges and perspectives are discussed beyond the diverse types of photocatalytic transformations that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva S De Jesus
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jeimy A C Vélez
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jose Tiago M Correia
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana Zapata & G, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Márcio W Paixao
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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5
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Lai C, Tang Z, Liu Z, Luo P, Zhang W, Zhang T, Zhang W, Dong Z, Liu X, Yang X, Wang F. Probing the functional hotspots inside protein hydrophobic pockets by in situ photochemical trifluoromethylation and mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2545-2557. [PMID: 38362424 PMCID: PMC10866368 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05106d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the complex high-order structures and interactions of proteins within an aqueous solution, a majority of chemical functionalizations happen on the hydrophilic sites of protein external surfaces which are naturally exposed to the solution. However, the hydrophobic pockets inside proteins are crucial for ligand binding and function as catalytic centers and transporting tunnels. Herein, we describe a reagent pre-organization and in situ photochemical trifluoromethylation strategy to profile the functional sites inside the hydrophobic pockets of native proteins. Unbiased mass spectrometry profiling was applied for the characterization of trifluoromethylated sites with high sensitivity. Native proteins including myoglobin, trypsin, haloalkane dehalogenase, and human serum albumin have been engaged in this mild photochemical process and substantial hydrophobic site-specific and structure-selective trifluoromethylation substitutes are obtained without significant interference to their bioactivity and structures. Sodium triflinate is the only reagent required to functionalize the unprotected proteins with wide pH-range tolerance and high biocompatibility. This "in-pocket" activation model provides a general strategy to modify the potential binding pockets and gain essential structural insights into the functional hotspots inside protein hydrophobic pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Pan Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107 China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xueming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107 China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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6
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Bandyopadhyay A, Biswas P, Kundu SK, Sarkar R. Electrochemistry-enabled residue-specific modification of peptides and proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1085-1101. [PMID: 38231504 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01857a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Selective chemical reactions at precise amino acid residues of peptides and proteins have become an exploding field of research in the last few decades. With the emerging utility of bioconjugated peptides and proteins as drug leads and therapeutic agents, the design of smart protocols to modulate and conjugate biomolecules has become necessary. During this modification, the most important concern of biochemists is to keep intact the structural integrity of the biomolecules. Hence, a soft and selective biocompatible reaction environment is necessary. Electrochemistry, a mild and elegant tunable reaction platform to synthesize complex molecules while avoiding harsh and toxic chemicals, can provide such a reaction condition. However, this strategy is yet to be fully exploited in the field of selective modification of polypeptides. With this possibility, the use of electrochemistry as a reaction toolbox in peptide and protein chemistry is flourishing day by day. Unfortunately, there is no suitable review article summarizing the residue-specific modification of biomolecules. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest manifested electrochemical approaches for the modulation of five redox-active amino acid residues, namely cysteine, tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine and methionine, found in peptides and proteins. The article also highlights the incredible potential of electrochemistry for the regio- as well as chemoselective bioconjugation strategy of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Chapra Government College, Nadia-741123, West Bengal, India
| | - Pranay Biswas
- Department of Physics, Dinabandhu Mahavidyalaya, 24 Parganas (N), 743235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta K Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Muragachha Government College, Nadia-741154, West Bengal, India.
| | - Rajib Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Muragachha Government College, Nadia-741154, West Bengal, India.
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7
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Delgado JAC, Tian YM, Marcon M, König B, Paixão MW. Side-Selective Solid-Phase Metallaphotoredox N(in)-Arylation of Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26452-26462. [PMID: 37976043 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Postsynthetic diversification of peptides through selective modification of endogenous amino acid side chains has enabled significant advances in peptide drug discovery while expanding the biological and medical chemistry space. However, current tools have been focused on the modification of reactive polar and ionizable side chains, whereas the decoration of aromatic systems (e.g., the N(in) of the tryptophan) has been a long-standing challenge. Here, we introduce metallaphotocatalysis in solid-phase peptide synthesis for the on-resin orthogonal N-arylation of relevant tryptophan-containing peptides. The protocol allows the chemoselective introduction of a new C(sp2)-N bond at the N(in) of tryptophan in biologically active protected peptide sequences in the presence of native redox-sensitive side chains. The fusion of metallaphotocatalysis with solid-phase peptide synthesis opens new perspectives in diversifying native amino acid side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A C Delgado
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos─UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ya-Ming Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michela Marcon
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos─UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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8
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Lin D, Coe M, Krishnamurti V, Ispizua-Rodriguez X, Surya Prakash GK. Recent Advances in Visible Light-Mediated Radical Fluoro-alkylation, -alkoxylation, -alkylthiolation, -alkylselenolation, and -alkylamination. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300104. [PMID: 37212421 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, many reagents and protocols have been developed to allow for the efficient fluorofunctionalization of a diverse set of scaffolds ranging from alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and (hetero)arenes. The concomitant rise of organofluorine chemistry and visible light-mediated synthesis have synergistically expanded the fields and have mutually benefitted from developments in both fields. In this context, visible light driven formations of radicals containing fluorine have been a major focus for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. This review details the recent advances and progress made in visible light-mediated fluoroalkylation and heteroatom centered radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lin
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Coe
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vinayak Krishnamurti
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xanath Ispizua-Rodriguez
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G K Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Kaplaneris N, Puet A, Kallert F, Pöhlmann J, Ackermann L. Late-stage C-H Functionalization of Tryptophan-Containing Peptides with Thianthrenium Salts: Conjugation and Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216661. [PMID: 36581584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal late-stage diversification of structurally complex peptides bears enormous potential for drug discovery and molecular imaging, among other applications. Herein, we report on a palladium-catalyzed C-H arylation of tryptophan-containing peptides with readily accessible and modular arylthianthrenium salts. Under exceedingly mild reaction conditions, the late-stage diversification of structurally complex peptides was accomplished. The tunability and ease of preparation of arylthianthrenium salts allowed the expedient stitching of tryptophan-containing peptides with drug, natural product, and peptidic scaffolds by forging sterically congested biaryl linkages. The robustness of the palladium catalysis regime was reflected by the full tolerance of a plethora of sensitive and coordinating functional groups. Hence, our manifold enabled efficient access to highly decorated, labelled, conjugated, and ligated linear and cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Puet
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Kallert
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Pöhlmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Strasse 58, 10785, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Zhou M, Feng Z, Zhang X. Recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated amino acids and peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1434-1448. [PMID: 36651307 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06787k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The site-selective modification of amino acids, peptides, and proteins has always been an intensive topic in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology due to the vital role of amino acids in life. Among the developed methods, the site-selective introduction of fluorine functionalities into amino acids and peptides has emerged as a useful approach to change their physicochemical and biological properties. With the increasing demand for life science, the direct fluorination/fluoroalkylation of proteins has also received increasing attention because of the unique properties of fluorine atom(s) that can change the protein structure, increase their lipophilicity, and enable fluorine functionality as a biological tracer or probe for chemical biology studies. In this feature article, we summarized the recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated amino acids and peptides, wherein two strategies have been discussed. One is based on the fluorinated building blocks to prepare fluorinated amino acids and peptides with diversified structures, including the transformations of fluorinated imines and nickel-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes with bromodifluoroacetate and its derivatives; the other is direct fluorination/fluoroakylation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins, in which the selective transformations of the functional groups on serine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and cysteine lead to a wide range of fluorinated α-amino acids, peptides, and proteins, featuring synthetic convenience and late-stage modification of biomacromolecules. These two strategies complement each other, wherein transition-metal catalysis and new fluoroalkylating reagents provide powerful tools to selectively access fluorinated amino acids, peptides, and proteins, showing the prospect of medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xingang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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12
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Tang JT, Gan Y, Li X, Ye B. Regioselective reductive transamination of peptidic amides enabled by a dual Zr(IV)–H catalysis. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Jain R, Dhillon NS, Farquhar ER, Wang B, Li X, Kiselar J, Chance MR. Multiplex Chemical Labeling of Amino Acids for Protein Footprinting Structure Assessment. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9819-9825. [PMID: 35763792 PMCID: PMC9983563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein footprinting with mass spectrometry is an established structural biology technique for mapping solvent accessibility and assessing molecular-level interactions of proteins. In hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HRPF), hydroxyl (OH) radicals generated by water radiolysis or other methods covalently label protein side chains. Because of the wide dynamic range of OH reactivity, not all side chains are easily detected in a single experiment. Novel reagent development and the use of radical chain reactions for labeling, including trifluoromethyl radicals, is a potential approach to normalize the labeling across a diverse set of residues. HRPF in the presence of a trifluoromethylation reagent under the right conditions could provide a "one-pot" reaction for multiplex labeling of protein side chains. Toward this goal, we have systematically evaluated amino acid labeling with the recently investigated Langlois' reagent (LR) activated by X-ray-mediated water radiolysis, followed by three different mass spectrometry methods. We compared the reactivity of CF3 and OH radical labeling for all 20 protein side chains in a competition-free environment. We found that all 20 amino acids exhibited CF3 or OH labeling in LR. Our investigations provide the evidence and knowledge set to perfect hydroxyl radical-activated trifluoromethyl chemistry as "one-pot" reaction for multiplex labeling of protein side chains to achieve higher resolution in HRPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Jain
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA,Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Nanak S. Dhillon
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Erik R. Farquhar
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Benlian Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Janna Kiselar
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Mark R. Chance
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA,Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA,Corresponding Author: Mark R. Chance - Center for Synchrotron Biosciences; Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics; Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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14
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Yerien DE, Barata-Vallejo S, Mansilla D, Postigo A. Rose Bengal-photocatalyzed perfluorohexylation reactions of organic substrates in water. Applications to late-stage syntheses. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:803-812. [PMID: 35083730 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Rose Bengal-photocatalyzed perfluorohexylation of olefins, alkynes, and electron-rich aromatic compounds in water was achieved employing perfluorohexyl iodide as fluoroalkyl source and TMEDA as sacrificial donor under green LED irradiation. Alkenes and alkynes rendered products derived from the atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) pathway, and in the case of alkynes, exclusively as E-stereoisomers. These are the first examples of photocatalyzed ATRA reactions carried out excursively in water alone. The reactions of aromatic compounds under the current protocol in water present the advantage of employing a perfluoroalkyl iodide (C6F13-I) as source of perfluorohexyl radicals. Examples of photocatalytic late-stage incorporations of fluoroalkyl moieties into two commercial drugs of widespread use are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian E Yerien
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Barata-Vallejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Mansilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Wang P. Site‐Selective Itaconation of Complex Peptides by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - QingQing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
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16
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Mandal D, Maji S, Pal T, Sinha SK, Maiti D. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal Mediated Trifluoromethylation Reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10442-10468. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine compounds are known for their abundance in more than 20% of pharmaceutical and agrochemical products mainly due to the enhanced lipophilicity, metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties of organofluorides. Consequently,...
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17
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Baishya G, Dutta NB. Recent Advances in Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of N‐Heterocycles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gakul Baishya
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Nibedita B. Dutta
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Rain Forest Research Institute Jorhat 785001 India
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18
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Wang P. Site-Selective Itaconation of Complex Peptides by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111388. [PMID: 34845804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective peptide functionalization provides a straightforward and cost-effective access to diversify peptides for biological studies. Among many existing non-invasive peptide conjugations methodologies, photoredox catalysis has emerged as one of the powerful approaches for site-specific manipulation on native peptides. Herein, we report a highly N-termini-specific method to rapidly access itaconated peptides and their derivatives through a combination of transamination and photoredox conditions. This strategy exploits the facile reactivity of peptidyl-dihydropyridine in the complex peptide settings, complementing existing approaches for bioconjugations with excellent selectivity under mild conditions. Distinct from conventional methods, this method utilizes the highly reactive carbamoyl radical derived from a peptidyl-dihydropyridine. In addition, this itaconated peptide can be further functionalized as a Michael acceptor to access the corresponding peptide-protein conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - QingQing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
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19
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Liu W, Watson EE, Winssinger N. Photocatalysis in Chemical Biology: Extending the Scope of Optochemical Control and Towards New Frontiers in Semisynthetic Bioconjugates and Biocatalysis. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry NCCR Chemical Biology Faculty of Science University of Geneva 30 quai Ernest Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Emma E. Watson
- Department of Organic Chemistry NCCR Chemical Biology Faculty of Science University of Geneva 30 quai Ernest Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry NCCR Chemical Biology Faculty of Science University of Geneva 30 quai Ernest Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
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20
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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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21
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Lima RN, Delgado JAC, Bernardi DI, Berlinck RGS, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L, Paixão MW. Post-synthetic functionalization of tryptophan protected peptide sequences through indole (C-2) photocatalytic alkylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5758-5761. [PMID: 34002741 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a selective, mild, and efficient C-H functionalization of tryptophan and tryptophan-containing peptides with activated α-bromo-carbonyl compounds under visible-light irradiation. The protocol efficiency is outlined by the wide substrate scope and excellent tolerance of sensitive functional groups present in the amino acid side chains. The method can be successfully extended to access pharmaco-peptide conjugate scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaely N Lima
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565905, Brazil.
| | - José A C Delgado
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565905, Brazil.
| | - Darlon I Bernardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560970, Brazil
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560970, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraβe 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraβe 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565905, Brazil.
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22
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Laroche B, Tang X, Archer G, Di Sanza R, Melchiorre P. Photochemical Chemoselective Alkylation of Tryptophan-Containing Peptides. Org Lett 2021; 23:285-289. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Laroche
- ICIQ − Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xinjun Tang
- ICIQ − Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gaétan Archer
- ICIQ − Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Di Sanza
- ICIQ − Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ − Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Single electron transfer-based peptide/protein bioconjugations driven by biocompatible energy input. Commun Chem 2020; 3:171. [PMID: 36703459 PMCID: PMC9814624 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioconjugation reactions play a central facilitating role in engendering modified peptides and proteins. Early progress in this area was inhibited by challenges such as the limited range of substrates and the relatively poor biocompatibility of bioconjugation reagents. However, the recent developments in visible-light induced photoredox catalysis and electrochemical catalysis reactions have permitted significant novel reactivities to be developed in the field of synthetic and bioconjugation chemistry. This perspective describes recent advances in the use of biocompatible energy input for the modification of peptides and proteins mainly, via the single electron transfer (SET) process, as well as key future developments in this area.
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24
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Yuan Z, Liu X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Recent Advances in Rapid Synthesis of Non-proteinogenic Amino Acids from Proteinogenic Amino Acids Derivatives via Direct Photo-Mediated C-H Functionalization. Molecules 2020; 25:E5270. [PMID: 33198166 PMCID: PMC7696505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-proteinogenic amino acids have attracted tremendous interest for their essential applications in the realm of biology and chemistry. Recently, rising C-H functionalization has been considered an alternative powerful method for the direct synthesis of non-proteinogenic amino acids. Meanwhile, photochemistry has become popular for its predominant advantages of mild conditions and conservation of energy. Therefore, C-H functionalization and photochemistry have been merged to synthesize diverse non-proteinogenic amino acids in a mild and environmentally friendly way. In this review, the recent developments in the photo-mediated C-H functionalization of proteinogenic amino acids derivatives for the rapid synthesis of versatile non-proteinogenic amino acids are presented. Moreover, postulated mechanisms are also described wherever needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Xuanzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Changmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
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25
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Pang Y, Lee JW, Kubota K, Ito H. Solid‐State Radical C−H Trifluoromethylation Reactions Using Ball Milling and Piezoelectric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Pang
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Joo Won Lee
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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26
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Pang Y, Lee JW, Kubota K, Ito H. Solid‐State Radical C−H Trifluoromethylation Reactions Using Ball Milling and Piezoelectric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22570-22576. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Pang
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Joo Won Lee
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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27
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Rahimidashaghoul K, Klimánková I, Hubálek M, Matoušek V, Filgas J, Slavíček P, Slanina T, Beier P. Visible‐Light‐Driven Fluoroalkylation of Tryptophan Residues in Peptides. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kheironnesae Rahimidashaghoul
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 2030/8 128 43 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Klimánková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Václav Matoušek
- CF Plus Chemicals s.r.o., Karásek 1767/1 621 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Josef Filgas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 160 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- University of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 160 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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28
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Hu JJ, He PY, Li YM. Chemical modifications of tryptophan residues in peptides and proteins. J Pept Sci 2020; 27:e3286. [PMID: 32945039 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemical protein modifications facilitate the investigation of natural posttranslational protein modifications and allow the design of proteins with new functions. Proteins can be modified at a late stage on amino acid side chains by chemical methods. The indole moiety of tryptophan residues is an emerging target of such chemical modification strategies because of its unique reactivity and low abundance. This review provides an overview of the recently developed methods of tryptophan modification at the peptide and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jian Hu
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pei-Yang He
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
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29
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Guerrero I, Correa A. Site‐Selective Trifluoromethylation Reactions of Oligopeptides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Guerrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry IUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Arkaitz Correa
- Department of Organic Chemistry IUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
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30
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Guerrero I, Correa A. Cu-Catalyzed Site-Selective C(sp2)–H Radical Trifluoromethylation of Tryptophan-Containing Peptides. Org Lett 2020; 22:1754-1759. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Guerrero
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Organic Chemistry I, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Correa
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Organic Chemistry I, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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