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Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang L, Cheng Y, Yuan D, Zhai J, Xie X. Near-Infrared Fluoride Sensing Nano-Optodes and Distance-Based Hydrogels Containing Aluminum-Phthalocyanine. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4384-4390. [PMID: 37963263 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride ions are highly relevant in environmental and biological sciences, and there is a very limited number of established fluoride chemical sensors. Previous fluoride-selective optodes were demonstrated with metal-porphyrin as the ionophore and required a chromoionophore for optical signal transduction. We demonstrate here novel optical fluoride sensing with nano-optodes containing an aluminum-phthalocyanine complex (AlClPc) as the single active sensing component, simplifying the conventional ion-selective optodes approach. The fluoride nano-optodes were interrogated in the absorbance and fluorescence modes in the near-infrared region, with absorption around 725 nm and emission peaks at 720 and 800 nm, respectively. The nano-optodes exhibited a lower detection limit around 0.1 μM and good selectivity over a range of common anions including ClO4-, Cl-, Br-, I-, SO42-, NO3-, and AcO-. Furthermore, the nano-optodes were physically entrapped in agarose hydrogels to allow distance-based point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. The 3D networks of the agarose hydrogel were able to filter off large particulates in the samples without stopping fluoride ions to reach the nano-optodes. The fluoride concentrations in real samples including river water, mineral water, and groundwater were successfully determined with the distance-based sensing hydrogel, and the results agreed well with those from commercial fluoride electrodes. Therefore, the results in this work lay the groundwork for the optical detection of fluoride in environmental samples without very sophisticated sample manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dajing Yuan
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Goud KY, Sandhu SS, Teymourian H, Yin L, Tostado N, Raushel FM, Harvey SP, Moores LC, Wang J. Textile-based wearable solid-contact flexible fluoride sensor: Toward biodetection of G-type nerve agents. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 182:113172. [PMID: 33812282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rising global concerns posed by chemical and biological threat agents highlight the critical need to develop reliable strategies for the real-time detection of such threats. While wearable sensing technology is well suited to fulfill this task, the use of on-body devices for rapid and selective field identification of chemical agents is relatively a new area. This work describes a flexible printed textile-based solid-contact potentiometric sensor for the selective detection of fluoride anions liberated by the biocatalytic hydrolysis of fluorine-containing G-type nerve agents (such as sarin or soman). The newly developed solid-contact textile fluoride sensor relies on a fluoride-selective bis(fluorodioctylstannyl)methane ionophore to provide attractive analytical performance with near-Nernstian sensitivity and effective discrimination against common anions, along with excellent reversibility and repeatability for dynamically changing fluoride concentrations. By using stress-enduring printed inks and serpentine structures along with stretchable textile substrates, the resulting textile-based fluoride sensor exhibits robust mechanical resiliency under severe mechanical strains. Such realization of an effective textile-based fluoride-selective electrode allowed biosensing of the nerve-agent simulant diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), in connection to immobilized organophosphorus acid anhydrolylase (OPAA) or organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzymes. A user-friendly portable electronic module transmits data from the new textile-based potentiometric biosensor wirelessly to a nearby smartphone for alerting the wearer instantaneously about potential chemical threats. While expanding the scope of wearable solid-contact anion sensors, such a textile-based potentiometric fluoride electrode transducer offers particular promise for effective discrimination of G-type neurotoxins from organophosphate (OP) pesticides, toward specific field detection of these agents in diverse defense settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yugender Goud
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Samar S Sandhu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Nicholas Tostado
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Frank M Raushel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Steven P Harvey
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities and Development Command-Chemical Biological Center (CCDC-CBC), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1010, United States
| | - Lee C Moores
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Installation and Operation Environment Program, Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States.
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3
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Lvova L, Monti D, Natale CD, Paolesse R. The Long-Lasting Story of One Sensor Development: From Novel Ionophore Design toward the Sensor Selectivity Modeling and Lifetime Improvement. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041401. [PMID: 33671289 PMCID: PMC7922500 DOI: 10.3390/s21041401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The metalloporphyrin ligand bearing incorporated anion-exchanger fragment, 5-[4-(3-trimethylammonium)propyloxyphenyl]-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinate of Co(II) chloride, CoTPP-N, has been tested as anion-selective ionophore in PVC-based solvent polymeric membrane sensors. A plausible sensor working mechanism includes the axial coordination of the target anion on ionophore metal center followed by the formed complex aggregation with the second ionophore molecule through positively charged anion-exchanger fragment. The UV-visible spectroscopic studies in solution have revealed that the analyte concentration increase induces the J-type porphyrin aggregation. Polymeric membranes doped with CoTPP-N showed close to the theoretical Nernstian response toward nitrite ion, preferably coordinated by the ionophore, and were dependent on the presence of additional membrane-active components (lipophilic ionic sites and ionophore) in the membrane phase. The resulting selectivity was a subject of specific interaction and/or steric factors. Moreover, it was demonstrated theoretically and confirmed experimentally that the selection of a proper ratio of ionophore and anionic additive can optimize the sensor selectivity and lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Lvova
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemistry, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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4
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Topcu C, Caglar B, Guner EK, Coldur F, Caglar S, Yıldırım Ö, Volkan Özdokur K, Cubuk O. Novel Copper(II)-Selective Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Folic Acid-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Material. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1617300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Topcu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bulent Caglar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Eda Keles Guner
- Department of Civil Defence and Firefighting, Uzumlu Vocational School, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Fatih Coldur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Sema Caglar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Özden Yıldırım
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Kemal Volkan Özdokur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Osman Cubuk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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5
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Siwiec K, Górski Ł. The application of germanium(IV)-porphyrins as fluoride-selective ionophores for polymeric membrane electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Highly selective solid-state sensor for iodide based on the combined use of platinum (IV) phthalocyanine and solidified pyridinium ionic liquid. J Solid State Electrochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-018-4159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Silveira C, Shimabuku QL, Fernandes Silva M, Bergamasco R. Iron-oxide nanoparticles by the green synthesis method using Moringa oleifera leaf extract for fluoride removal. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2926-2936. [PMID: 28823221 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1369582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles (NPsFeO) via a green synthesis method, using Moringa oleifera leaf extract, and evaluated its fluoride ion adsorption potential, comparing its efficiency with a commercially available adsorbent (activated carbon of bone [BGAC]). The adsorbent materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission, and scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry, and N2 adsorption/desorption. The results showed that the maximum adsorption occurred in pH 7 for NPsFeO and pH 5 for the BGAC. Adsorption kinetic tests showed that the equilibrium was reached in 40 min for the NPsFeO, and 90 min for BGAC, with adsorption potential of 1.40 and 1.20 mg g-1, respectively. The model that best described the kinetic data was pseudo-first-order for NPsFeO and pseudo-second-order for BGAC. The Langmuir isotherm had a better fit for both adsorbents. The thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous and endothermic adsorption at 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C for BGAC, and at 30°C for NPsFeO. The regeneration process showed that it is possible to reuse NPsFeO three times in the fluoride ion adsorption process. As a result of its adsorption capabilities and the shortest contact time to achieve equilibrium, the NPsFeO is a highly promising material for fluoride ion removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Silveira
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , State University of Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Fernandes Silva
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , State University of Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , State University of Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
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8
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Lisak G, Tamaki T, Ogawa T. Dualism of Sensitivity and Selectivity of Porphyrin Dimers in Electroanalysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3943-3951. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Lisak
- Johan
Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, Åbo-Turku 20500, Finland
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Takashi Tamaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takuji Ogawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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9
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Shvedene NV, Otkidach KN, Ondar EE, Osipova MM, Dubinina TV, Tomilova LG, Pletnev IV. Phenoxy-substituted boron subphthalocyanine as a ionophore of ion-selective electrodes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Otkidach KN, Shvedene NV, Tarakanov PA, Tomilova LG, Pletnev IV. Cobalt(II) porphyrazine as an active component of iodide-selective electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0027131416040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Shvedene NV, Otkidach KN, Gumerov MR, Tarakanov PA, Tomilova LG. New metalloporphyrazines as active components of membranes of anion-selective electrodes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Poursaberi T, Karimi M, Hassanisadi M, Sereshti H. Magnetic removal of nitrate ions from aqueous solution using amino-silica coated magnetic nanoparticles modified by oxovanadium(IV) porphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461350048x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have treated nitrate contaminated groundwater using modified magneticnanoparticles. The modification of magnetite nanoparticles were conducted by 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane followed by oxovanadium(IV) porphyrin in order to enhance the removal of nitrate ions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The effect of pH, contact time, sorbent dosage and some co-existing anions present in aqueous solutions were investigated. The isothermal data of nitrate sorption conformed well to the Langmuir model and the maximum sorption capacity of nanosorbent for nitrate was 76.92 mg.g-1. Thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. Regeneration of nitrate adsorbed material could be be possible by NaOH and the modified magnetic nanoparticles exhibited good reusability. The proposed system can provide a fast and efficient removal of the nitrate ion by using just an external magnetic field. The competitive adsorption tests verified that, this system has good adsorption selectivity for nitrate ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Poursaberi
- Department of Instrumental Analyses, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran 14857-33111, Iran
| | - Maryam Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hassanisadi
- Department of Instrumental Analyses, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran 14857-33111, Iran
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13
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Poursaberi T, Ganjali M, Hassanisadi M. A novel fluoride-selective electrode based on metalloporphyrin grafted-grapheneoxide. Talanta 2012; 101:128-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Poursaberi T, Ghadernia S, Hassanisadi M, Torkestani K, Mirrahimi M. Efficient separation of nitrite from aqueous solutions by grafting metalloporphyrin on Fe3O4 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Organoboron compounds as Lewis acid receptors of fluoride ions in polymeric membranes. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 733:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Poursaberi T, Hassanisadi M, Shanehsaz M. Amino-silica coated magnetic nanoparticles modified with Ni(II)- metalloporphyrin for the selective removal of nitrate ions from water samples. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461250071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new magnetic nanoadsorbent was developed by treating Fe3O4 nanoparticles with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and nickel(II) — metalloporphyrin, and applied to remove excessive nitrate from aqueous solutions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The effect of pH, contact time, sorbent dosage and some co-existing anions present in aqueous solutions was investigated. Regeneration of nitrate adsorbed material was possible with NaOH , the modified magnetic nanoparticles exhibited good reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryam Shanehsaz
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
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17
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Lvova L, Verrelli G, Stefanelli M, Nardis S, Di Natale C, Amico AD, Makarychev-Mikhailov S, Paolesse R. Platinum porphyrins as ionophores in polymeric membrane electrodes. Analyst 2011; 136:4966-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Wade CR, Broomsgrove AEJ, Aldridge S, Gabbaï FP. Fluoride ion complexation and sensing using organoboron compounds. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3958-84. [PMID: 20540560 DOI: 10.1021/cr900401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 850] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Wade
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA
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19
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Inoue T, Baba T, Yuchi A. Responses of Metalloporphyrin-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes to pH. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Kang YJ, Lutz C, Hong SA, Sung DY, Lee JS, Shin JH, Nam HH, Cha GS, Meyerhoff ME. Development of a Fluoride-Selective Electrode based on Scandium(III) Octaethylporphyrin in a Plasticized Polymeric Membrane. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.6.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Fluoride-selective polymeric membrane electrodes based on Zr(IV)- and Al(III)-salen ionophores of various structures. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 665:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Zahran EM, Hua Y, Li Y, Flood AH, Bachas LG. Triazolophanes: a new class of halide-selective ionophores for potentiometric sensors. Anal Chem 2010; 82:368-75. [PMID: 19994863 DOI: 10.1021/ac902132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triazolophanes, cyclic compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole units, are a new class of host molecules that demonstrate strong interactions with halides. These molecules are designed with a preorganized cavity that interacts through hydrogen bonding with spherical anions, such as chloride and bromide. We have explored the use of one such triazolophane as a halide-selective ionophore in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrodes. Different membrane compositions were evaluated to identify concentrations of the ionophore, plasticizer, and lipophilic additive that give rise to the best chloride and bromide selectivity. The lipophilicity of the plasticizer was found to have a great impact on the electrode response. Additionally, the concentration of the lipophilic additive was found to be critical for optimal response. The utility of a triazolophane-based electrode was demonstrated by quantification of bromide in horse serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed M Zahran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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23
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Complexes of tetra-tert-butyl-tetraazaporphine with Al(III) and Zr(IV) cations as fluoride selective ionophores. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 633:181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Górski L, Matusevich A, Pietrzak M, Wang L, Meyerhoff ME, Malinowska E. Influence of Inner Transducer Properties on EMF Response and Stability of Solid-Contact Anion Selective Membrane Electrodes Based on Metalloporphyrin Ionophores. J Solid State Electrochem 2009; 13:157-164. [PMID: 20357903 PMCID: PMC2847300 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The performance of solid-contact/coated wire type electrodes with plasticized PVC membranes containing metalloporphyrins as anion selective ionophores is reported. The membranes are deposited on transducers based on graphite pastes and graphite rods. The hydrophobicity of the underlying conductive transducer surface is found to be a key factor that influences the formation of an aqueous layer beneath the polymer film. Elimination of this ill-defined water layer greatly improves the electrochemical properties of the ion-sensors, such as EMF stability and life-time. Only highly lipophilic electrode substrates, namely graphite paste with mineral oil, were shown to prevent the formation of aqueous layer underneath the ion-sensing membrane. The possibility of employing Co(III)-tetraphenylporphyrin both as NO(2) (-) selective ionophore and as electron/ion conducting species to ensure ion-to-electron translation was also discussed based on the results of preliminary experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Górski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical, Chemistry, 00-664 Warsaw, POLAND
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Privett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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26
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Wang L, Meyerhoff ME. Polymethacrylate polymers with appended aluminum(III)-tetraphenylporphyrins: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation as macromolecular ionophores for electrochemical and optical fluoride sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 611:97-102. [PMID: 18298973 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a novel polymethacylate polymer with covalently linked Al(III)-tetraphenylporphyrin (Al(III)-TPP) groups is reported. The new polymer is examined as a potential macromolecular ionophore for the preparation of polymeric membrane-based potentiometric and optical fluoride selective sensors. To prepare the polymer, an Al(III) porphyrin monomer modified with a methacrylate functionality is synthesized, allowing insertion into a polymethacrylate block copolymer (methyl methacrylate and decyl methacrylate) backbone. The resulting polymer can then be incorporated, along with appropriate additives, into conventional plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) films for testing electrochemical and optical fluoride response properties. The covalent attachment of the Al(III)-TPP ionophore to the copolymer matrix provides potentiometric sensors that exhibit significant selectivity for fluoride ion with extended lifetimes (compared to ion-selective membrane electrodes formulated with conventional free Al(III)-TPP structure). However, quite surprisingly, the attachment of the ionophore to the polymer does not eliminate the interaction of Al(III)-TPP structures to form dimeric species within the membrane phase in the presence of fluoride ion. Such interactions are confirmed by UV/visible spectroscopy of the blended polymeric films. Use of the new polymer-Al(III)-TPP conjugates to prepare optical fluoride sensors by co-incorporating a lipophilic pH indicator (4',5'-dibromofluorescein octadecyl ester; ETH7075) is also examined and the resulting optical sensing films are shown to exhibit excellent selectivity for fluoride, with the potential for prolonged operational lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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Kang Y, Kampf JW, Meyerhoff ME. Optical fluoride sensor based on monomer-dimer equilibrium of scandium(III)-octaethylporphyrin in a plasticized polymeric film. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 598:295-303. [PMID: 17719905 PMCID: PMC2043127 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A fluoride-selective optical sensor based on scandium(III)-octaethylporphyrin (Sc(III)OEP) as an ionophore within a plasticized PVC film is described. The presence of fluoride ion in the aqueous sample phase increases the formation of a difluoro-bridged Sc(III)OEP dimer species in the polymer film. The ability of the Sc(III) porphyrin to form the dimeric structure in the presence of fluoride is confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. For more practical sensing applications, a pH chromoionophore (ETH 7075) is added to the plasticized PVC film along with Sc(III)OEP and the observed optical response is based on coextraction of protons with sample phase fluoride to create the dimeric porphyrin and a protonated chromoionophore species. The selectivity pattern observed is F- >> ClO4(-), SCN-, NO3(-) > Br-, Cl-. Only organic salicylate is a significant interferent. Fast and reversible fluoride response is observed over the range of 10(-4) to 10(-2) M fluoride, allowing use of the sensing film in a waveguide configuration for flow-injection measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjea Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
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Pietrzak M, Meyerhoff ME, Malinowska E. Polymeric membrane electrodes with improved fluoride selectivity and lifetime based on Zr(IV)- and Al(III)-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 596:201-9. [PMID: 17631098 PMCID: PMC1989766 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel aluminum(III)- and zirconium(IV)-tetraphenylporhyrin (TPP) derivatives are examined as fluoride-selective ionophores for preparing polymer membrane-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). The influence of t-butyl- or dichloro-phenyl ring substituents as well as the nature of the metal ion center (Al(III) versus Zr(IV)) on the anion complexation constants of TPP derivative ionophores are reported. The anion binding stability constants of the ionophores are characterized by the so-called "sandwich membrane" method. All of the metalloporphyrins examined form their strongest anion complexes with fluoride. The influence of plasticizer as well as the type of lipophilic ionic site additive and their amounts in the sensing membrane are discussed. It is shown that membrane electrodes formulated with the metalloporphyrin derivatives and appropriate anionic or cationic additives exhibit enhanced potentiometric response toward fluoride over all other anions tested. Since selectivity toward fluoride is enhanced in the presence of both anionic and cationic additives, the metalloporphyrins can function as either charged or neutral carriers within the organic membrane phase. In contrast to previously reported fluoride-selective polymeric membrane electrodes based on metalloporphyrins, nernstian or near-nernstian (-51.2 to -60.1 mV decade(-1)) as well as rapid (t < 80 s) and fully reversible potentiometric fluoride responses are observed. Moreover, use of aluminum(III)-t-butyltetraphenylporphyrin as the ionophore provides fluoride sensors with prolonged (7 months) functional lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Pietrzak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 00-664 Warsaw, POLAND
| | - Mark E. Meyerhoff
- The University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elżbieta Malinowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 00-664 Warsaw, POLAND
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Górski L, Klimaszewska D, Pietrzak M, Malinowska E. Enzymatic detection of glucose using fluoride-selective electrodes with polymeric membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:533-9. [PMID: 17641879 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of using polymeric membrane fluoride-selective electrodes based on zirconium(IV) 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin as a detector in a flow-injection analysis (FIA) system for glucose determination was examined. The optimization of enzymatic reactions, FIA system configuration and enzyme-immobilization process was performed. It was shown that the resulting flow-injection system exhibits good working parameters, such as reproducibility, linear range of glucose concentration (3 x 10(-3)-10(-1) M), sampling rate (60 samples per minute) and lifetime (over 1 month). The performance of the polymeric membrane electrode was similar to that of a crystalline LaF(3) electrode. The results of glucose determination in synthetic samples with the proposed system show good agreement with real glucose concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Górski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
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Huszánk R, Lendvay G, Horváth O. Air-stable, heme-like water-soluble iron(II) porphyrin: in situ preparation and characterization. J Biol Inorg Chem 2007; 12:681-90. [PMID: 17333300 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-007-0217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of the water-soluble, kinetically labile, high-spin iron(II) tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin, Fe(II)TPPS(4-), has been realized in neutral or weakly acidic solutions containing acetate buffer. The buffer played a double role in these systems: it was used for both adjusting pH and, via formation of an acetato complex, trapping trace amounts of iron(III) ions, which would convert the iron(II) porphyrins to the corresponding iron(III) species. Fe(II)TPPS(4-) proved to be stable in these solutions even after saturation with air or oxygen. In the absence of acetate ions, however, iron(II) ions play a catalytic role in the formation of iron(III) porphyrins. While the kinetically inert iron(III) porphyrin, Fe(III)TPPS(3-), is a regular one with no emission and photoredox properties, the corresponding iron(II) porphyrin displays photoinduced features which are typical of sitting-atop complexes (redshifted Soret absorption and blueshifted emission and Q absorption bands, photoinduced porphyrin ligand-to-metal charge transfer, LMCT, reaction). In the photolysis of Fe(II)TPPS(4-) the LMCT process is followed by detachment of the reduced metal center and an irreversible ring-opening of the porphyrin ligand, resulting in the degradation of the complex. Possible oxygen-binding ability of Fe(II)TPPS(4-) (as a heme model) has been studied as well. Density functional theory calculations revealed that in solutions with high acetate concentration there is very little chance for iron(II) porpyrin to bind and release O(2), deviating from heme in a hydrophobic microenvironment in hemoglobin. In the presence of an iron(III)-trapping additive that is much less strongly coordinated to the iron(II) center than the acetate ion, Fe(II)TPPS(4-) may function as a heme model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Huszánk
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 158, Veszprém 8201, Hungary
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Potentiometric response and mechanism of anionic recognition of heterocalixarene-based ion selective electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 587:247-53. [PMID: 17386780 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ion selective electrode (ISE)-based potentiometric approach is shown to be an effective means of characterizing the anion recognition sites in the molecular receptor calix[2]pyridino[2]pyrrole (CPP). In particular, potentiometric pH-measurements involving the use of experimental PVC-membranes based on CPP revealed the existence of both mono- and diprotonated forms of the receptor under readily accessible conditions. Based on these analyses, apparent surface protonation constants for this heterocalixarene were found to lie between 8.5-8.9 (pK(B1)) and 3.3-3.8 (pK(B2)). CPP was found to interact with targeted anionic analytes based on both coulombic and hydrogen bond interactions, as inferred from varying the kinds of ionic sites present within the membrane phase. Potentiometric selectivity studies revealed that CPP preferred "Y-shaped" anions (e.g. acetate, lactate, benzoate) over spherical anions (e.g. fluoride and chloride), fluoride over chloride within the set of spherical anions, and the ortho-isomer over the corresponding meta- and para-isomers in the case of hydroxybenzoate (salicylate and congeners). In the context of this study, the advantages of potentiometric determinations of acetylsalicylic acid using optimized PVC-membranes based on CPP relative to more conventional PVC-membrane ISEs based on traditional anion exchanger were also demonstrated.
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