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Fei X, Liang D, Zhao H, Yang Y, Yin M, He Z, Liu Z, Fan X. Preparation of chitosan-hyaluronic acid microcapsules and its dynamic release behavior analysis in a 3D-printed microchannel system: Exploration and verification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133031. [PMID: 38866283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This research focuses on the challenges of efficiently constructing drug carriers and evaluating their dynamic release in vitro simulation. By using pickering emulsion and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods. The microcapsules had tea tree oil as the core material, SiO2 nanoparticles as stabilizers, and chitosan and hyaluronic acid as shell materials. The microencapsulation mechanism, as well as the effects of core-shell mass ratio and stirring, were discussed. Specifically, a dynamic circulation simulation microchannel system was designed and manufactured based on 3D printing technology. In this simulation system, the release rate of microcapsules is accelerated and the trend changes, with its behavior aligning with the Boltzmann model. The study demonstrates the advantages of self-assembled inorganic-organic drug-loaded microcapsules in terms of controllable fabrication and ease of functional modification, and shows the potential of 3D printed cyclic microchannel systems in terms of operability and simulation fidelity in drug and physiological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Fei
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Dongchi Liang
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Rianlon Corporation, Tianjin 300480, China.
| | - Yanzi Yang
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Mingyang Yin
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhengkuan He
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Kumar D, Nadda R, Repaka R. Advances and challenges in organ-on-chip technology: toward mimicking human physiology and disease in vitro. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:1925-1957. [PMID: 38436835 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips have been tissues or three-dimensional (3D) mini-organs that comprise numerous cell types and have been produced on microfluidic chips to imitate the complicated structures and interactions of diverse cell types and organs under controlled circumstances. Several morphological and physiological distinctions exist between traditional 2D cultures, animal models, and the growing popular 3D cultures. On the other hand, animal models might not accurately simulate human toxicity because of physiological variations and interspecies metabolic capability. The on-chip technique allows for observing and understanding the process and alterations occurring in metastases. The present study aimed to briefly overview single and multi-organ-on-chip techniques. The current study addresses each platform's essential benefits and characteristics and highlights recent developments in developing and utilizing technologies for single and multi-organs-on-chips. The study also discusses the drawbacks and constraints associated with these models, which include the requirement for standardized procedures and the difficulties of adding immune cells and other intricate biological elements. Finally, a comprehensive review demonstrated that the organs-on-chips approach has a potential way of investigating organ function and disease. The advancements in single and multi-organ-on-chip structures can potentially increase drug discovery and minimize dependency on animal models, resulting in improved therapies for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Rahul Nadda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India.
| | - Ramjee Repaka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
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Jiang Z, Jin B, Liang Z, Wang Y, Ren S, Huang Y, Li C, Sun H, Li Y, Liu L, Li N, Wang J, Cui Z, Huang P, Yang H, Mao Y, Ye H. Liver bioprinting within a novel support medium with functionalized spheroids, hepatic vein structures, and enhanced post-transplantation vascularization. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122681. [PMID: 38944968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cell-laden bioprinting is a promising biofabrication strategy for regenerating bioactive transplants to address organ donor shortages. However, there has been little success in reproducing transplantable artificial organs with multiple distinctive cell types and physiologically relevant architecture. In this study, an omnidirectional printing embedded network (OPEN) is presented as a support medium for embedded 3D printing. The medium is state-of-the-art due to its one-step preparation, fast removal, and versatile ink compatibility. To test the feasibility of OPEN, exceptional primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs) and endothelial cell line-C166, were used to print hepatospheroid-encapsulated-artificial livers (HEALs) with vein structures following predesigned anatomy-based printing paths in OPEN. PMHs self-organized into hepatocyte spheroids within the ink matrix, whereas the entire cross-linked structure remained intact for a minimum of ten days of cultivation. Cultivated HEALs maintained mature hepatic functions and marker gene expression at a higher level than conventional 2D and 3D conditions in vitro. HEALs with C166-laden vein structures promoted endogenous neovascularization in vivo compared with hepatospheroid-only liver prints within two weeks of transplantation. Collectively, the proposed platform enables the manufacture of bioactive tissues or organs resembling anatomical architecture, and has broad implications for liver function replacement in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Bao Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Liang
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Yinhan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Yongfa Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Changcan Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nianlin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jinzhuo Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK; The Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Technology and Device (MOE of China), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China.
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China.
| | - Hua Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK; The Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Mohammadi S, D’Alessandro S, Bini F, Marinozzi F, Cidonio G. Development of a microfluidic-assisted open-source 3D bioprinting system (MOS3S) for the engineering of hierarchical tissues. HARDWAREX 2024; 18:e00527. [PMID: 38596662 PMCID: PMC11002860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The engineering of new 3D bioprinting approaches has shown great promise in the field of tissue engineering and disease modelling. However, the high cost of commercial 3D bioprinters has limited their accessibility, especially to those laboratories in resource-limited settings. Moreover, the need for a 3D bioprinting system capable of dispensing multiple materials is growing apace. Therefore, the development of a Microfluidic-assisted Open Source 3D bioprinting System (MOS3S) for the engineering of hierarchical tissues is needed to progress in fabricating functional tissues, but with a technology accessible to a wider range of researchers. The MOS3S platform is designed to allow the deposition of biomaterial inks using microfluidic printheads or coaxial nozzles for the in-situ crosslinking and scaffolds fabrication. The coupling of 3D printed syringe pumps with the motion control system is used for driving the tunable extrusion of inks for the fabrication of centimeter scale hierarchical lattice constructs for tissue engineering purposes. MOS3S performance have been validated to fabricate high-resolution structures with coaxial microfluidic technology, opening to new frontiers for seminal studies in pre-clinical disease modelling and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Mohammadi
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro-science (CLN2S), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore D’Alessandro
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro-science (CLN2S), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiano Bini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Marinozzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cidonio
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro-science (CLN2S), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
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Georgiev P, Belka M, Kroll D, Bączek T, Opiełka M, Rutkowska A, Ulenberg S. 3D-printed extraction devices fabricated from silica particles suspended in acrylate resin. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1717:464671. [PMID: 38278133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing worldwide interest in the use of alternative sample preparation methods. Digital light processing (DLP) is a 3D printing technique based on using UV light to form photo-curable resin layer upon layer, which results in a printed shape. This study explores the application of this technique for the development of novel drug extraction devices in analytical chemistry. A composite material consisting of a photocurable resin and C18-modified silica particles was employed as a sorbent device, demonstrating its effectiveness in pharmaceutical analysis. Apart from estimating optimal printing parameters, microscopic examination of the material surface, and sorbent powder to resin ratio, the extraction procedure was also optimised. Optimisation included the type and amount of sample matrix additives, desorption solvent, sorption and desorption times, and proper number of sorbent devices needed in extraction protocol. To demonstrate this method's applicability for sample analysis, the solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS) method was validated for its ability to quantify benzodiazepine-type drugs. This evaluation confirmed good linearity in the concentration range of 50-1000 ng/mL, with R2 values being 0.9932 and 0.9952 for medazepam and diazepam, respectively. Validation parameters proved that the presented method is precise (with values ranging in-between 2.98 %-7.40 %), and accurate (88.81 % to 110.80 %). A negative control was also performed to investigate possible sorption properties of the resin itself, proving that the addition of C18-modified silica particles significantly increases the extraction efficiency and repeatability. The cost-effectiveness of this approach makes it particularly advantageous for single-use scenarios, eliminating the need for time-consuming sorbent-cleaning procedures, common in traditional solid-phase extraction techniques. Future optimisation opportunities include refining sorbent size, shape, and geometry to achieve lower limits of quantification. As a result of these findings, 3D-printed extraction devices can serve as a viable alternative to commercially available SPE or solid-phase microextraction (SPME) protocols for studying new sample preparation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Georgiev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Belka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Kroll
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Opiełka
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rutkowska
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Szymon Ulenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Vasios AG, Skonta A, Patila M, Stamatis H. Biocatalytic Performance of β-Glucosidase Immobilized on 3D-Printed Single- and Multi-Channel Polylactic Acid Microreactors. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:288. [PMID: 38399016 PMCID: PMC10893134 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have attracted much attention in the current day owing to the unique advantages they provide. However, their application for industrial use is limited due to manufacturing limitations and high cost. Moreover, the scaling-up process of the microreactor has proven to be difficult. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a promising solution for the above obstacles due to its ability to fabricate complex structures quickly and at a relatively low cost. Hence, combining the advantages of the microscale with 3D printing technology could enhance the applicability of microfluidic devices in the industrial sector. In the present work, a 3D-printed single-channel immobilized enzyme microreactor with a volume capacity of 30 μL was designed and created in one step via the fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing technique, using polylactic acid (PLA) as the printing material. The microreactor underwent surface modification with chitosan, and β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima was covalently immobilized. The immobilized biocatalyst retained almost 100% of its initial activity after incubation at different temperatures, while it could be effectively reused for up to 10 successful reaction cycles. Moreover, a multi-channel parallel microreactor incorporating 36 channels was developed, resulting in a significant increase in enzymatic productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.-G.V.); (A.S.); (M.P.)
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Khan N, Sengupta P. Technological Advancement and Trend in Selective Bioanalytical Sample Extraction through State of the Art 3-D Printing Techniques Aiming 'Sorbent Customization as per need'. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38319592 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2305275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The inherent complexity of biological matrices and presence of several interfering substances in biological samples make them unsuitable for direct analysis. An effective sample preparation technique assists in analyte enrichment, improving selectivity and sensitivity of bioanalytical method. Because of several key benefits of employing 3D printed sorbent in sample extraction, it has recently gained popularity across a variety of industries. Applications for 3D printing in the field of bioanalytical research have grown recently, particularly in the areas of miniaturization, (bio)sensing, sample preparation, and separation sciences. Due to the high expense of the solid phase microextraction cartridge, researcher approaches in-lab production of sorbent material for the extraction of analyte from biological samples. Owing to its distinct advantages such as low costs, automation capabilities, capacity to produce products in a variety of shapes, and reduction of tedious steps of sample preparation, 3D printed sorbents are gaining increased attention in the field of bioanalysis. It is also reported to offer high selectivity and assist in achieving a much lower limit of detection. In this review, we have discussed current advancements in different types of 3D printed sorbents, production methods, and their applications in the field of bioanalytical sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Khan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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McNair MC, Cocioba SC, Pietrzyk P, Rife TW. Toward an open-source 3D-printable laboratory. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2024; 12:e11562. [PMID: 38369980 PMCID: PMC10873812 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Premise Low-cost, repairable lab equipment is rare within the biological sciences. By lowering the costs of entry using 3D printing and open-source hardware, our goal is to empower both amateur and professional scientists to conduct research. Methods We developed a modular system of 3D-printable designs called COBLE (Collection of Bespoke Laboratory Equipment), including novel and remixed 3D-printable lab equipment that can be inexpensively printed, assembled, and repaired for a fraction of the cost of retail equivalents. Results Here we present novel tools that utilize 3D printing to enable a wide range of scientific experiments. We include additional resources for scientists and labs that are interested in utilizing 3D printing for their research. Discussion By describing the broad potential that 3D-printed designs can have in the biological sciences, we hope to inspire others to implement and improve upon these designs, improving accessibility and enabling science for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C. McNair
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education CenterClemson University2200 Pocket RoadFlorenceSouth Carolina29506USA
| | - Sebastian C. Cocioba
- Binomica Labs4301 22nd Street, Floor 3, Studio 342, Long Island CityNew York11101USA
| | - Peter Pietrzyk
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Georgia120 Carlton StreetAthensGeorgia30602USA
| | - Trevor W. Rife
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education CenterClemson University2200 Pocket RoadFlorenceSouth Carolina29506USA
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Yan J, Wu T, Zhang J, Gao Y, Wu JM, Wang S. Revolutionizing the female reproductive system research using microfluidic chip platform. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:490. [PMID: 38111049 PMCID: PMC10729361 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensively understanding the female reproductive system is crucial for safeguarding fertility and preventing diseases concerning women's health. With the capacity to simulate the intricate physio- and patho-conditions, and provide diagnostic platforms, microfluidic chips have fundamentally transformed the knowledge and management of female reproductive health, which will ultimately promote the development of more effective assisted reproductive technologies, treatments, and drug screening approaches. This review elucidates diverse microfluidic systems in mimicking the ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, placenta and cervix, and we delve into the culture of follicles and oocytes, gametes' manipulation, cryopreservation, and permeability especially. We investigate the role of microfluidics in endometriosis and hysteromyoma, and explore their applications in ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and cervical cancer. At last, the current status of assisted reproductive technology and integrated microfluidic devices are introduced briefly. Through delineating the multifarious advantages and challenges of the microfluidic technology, we chart a definitive course for future research in the woman health field. As the microfluidic technology continues to evolve and advance, it holds great promise for revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive health issues, thus propelling us into a future where we can ultimately optimize the overall wellbeing and health of women everywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tong Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yueyue Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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10
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Tong KTX, Tan IS, Foo HCY, Show PL, Lam MK, Wong MK. Sustainable circular biorefinery approach for novel building blocks and bioenergy production from algae using microbial fuel cell. Bioengineered 2023; 14:246-289. [PMID: 37482680 PMCID: PMC10367576 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2236842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The imminent need for transition to a circular biorefinery using microbial fuel cells (MFC), based on the valorization of renewable resources, will ameliorate the carbon footprint induced by industrialization. MFC catalyzed by bioelectrochemical process drew significant attention initially for its exceptional potential for integrated production of biochemicals and bioenergy. Nonetheless, the associated costly bioproduct production and slow microbial kinetics have constrained its commercialization. This review encompasses the potential and development of macroalgal biomass as a substrate in the MFC system for L-lactic acid (L-LA) and bioelectricity generation. Besides, an insight into the state-of-the-art technological advancement in the MFC system is also deliberated in detail. Investigations in recent years have shown that MFC developed with different anolyte enhances power density from several µW/m2 up to 8160 mW/m2. Further, this review provides a plausible picture of macroalgal-based L-LA and bioelectricity circular biorefinery in the MFC system for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tian Xiang Tong
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Inn Shi Tan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Henry Chee Yew Foo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, India
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mee Kee Wong
- PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Liu Y, Liu R, Liu H, Lyu T, Chen K, Jin K, Tian Y. Breast tumor-on-chip: from the tumor microenvironment to medical applications. Analyst 2023; 148:5822-5842. [PMID: 37850340 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of microfluidic technology, tumor-on-chip models have gradually become a new tool for the study of breast cancer because they can simulate more key factors of the tumor microenvironment compared with traditional models in vitro. Here, we review up-to-date advancements in breast tumor-on-chip models. We summarize and analyze the breast tumor microenvironment (TME), preclinical breast cancer models for TME simulation, fabrication methods of tumor-on-chip models, tumor-on-chip models for TME reconstruction, and applications of breast tumor-on-chip models and provide a perspective on breast tumor-on-chip models. This review will contribute to the construction and design of microenvironments for breast tumor-on-chip models, even the development of the pharmaceutical field, personalized/precision therapy, and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - He Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Tong Lyu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Kaiming Jin
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan, 528300, China
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12
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Sarıyer RM, Edwards AD, Needs SH. Open Hardware for Microfluidics: Exploiting Raspberry Pi Singleboard Computer and Camera Systems for Customisable Laboratory Instrumentation. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:948. [PMID: 37887141 PMCID: PMC10605846 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The integration of Raspberry Pi miniature computer systems with microfluidics has revolutionised the development of low-cost and customizable analytical systems in life science laboratories. This review explores the applications of Raspberry Pi in microfluidics, with a focus on imaging, including microscopy and automated image capture. By leveraging the low cost, flexibility and accessibility of Raspberry Pi components, high-resolution imaging and analysis have been achieved in direct mammalian and bacterial cellular imaging and a plethora of image-based biochemical and molecular assays, from immunoassays, through microbial growth, to nucleic acid methods such as real-time-qPCR. The control of image capture permitted by Raspberry Pi hardware can also be combined with onboard image analysis. Open-source hardware offers an opportunity to develop complex laboratory instrumentation systems at a fraction of the cost of commercial equipment and, importantly, offers an opportunity for complete customisation to meet the users' needs. However, these benefits come with a trade-off: challenges remain for those wishing to incorporate open-source hardware equipment in their own work, including requirements for construction and operator skill, the need for good documentation and the availability of rapid prototyping such as 3D printing plus other components. These advances in open-source hardware have the potential to improve the efficiency, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness of microfluidic-based experiments and applications.
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13
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Baghban HN, Hasanzadeh M. Multifunctional one-droplet microfluidic chemosensing of ractopamine in real samples: a user-oriented flexible nano-architecture for on-site food and pharmaceutical analysis using optical sensors. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4506-4517. [PMID: 37615053 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Illegal use of ractopamine (RAC) in the food industry has dire consequences for health which should be curbed by inexpensive on-site checks. In this study, four advanced nanostructures of AuNPs were examined for this purpose. For the first time, a novel cost-effective colorimetric opto-sensor based on gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution was developed and successfully utilized for the recognition of RAC in real samples. The colorimetric chemosensor based on AuNPs-CysA exhibited a linear range of 0.1 μM to 0.01 M with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.001 μM. Also, using AuNPs-DDT as a photonic probe two ranges of linearity of 0.01 to 50 μM and 0.005 to 0.01 M were obtained (LOD = 1 nM). The outstanding features of the utilized nanostructures are the simple preparation, the suitable stability of AuNPs-CysA and the excellent selectivity of AuNPs-DDT toward RAC recognition. Finally, the engineered colorimetric systems were combined with a simple and inexpensive optimized microfluidic glass fiber-based device. This work paves the way for devising inexpensive and efficient on-site recognition devices for food safety checks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Akbari Z, Raoufi MA, Mirjalali S, Aghajanloo B. A review on inertial microfluidic fabrication methods. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051504. [PMID: 37869745 PMCID: PMC10589053 DOI: 10.1063/5.0163970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been significant interest in inertial microfluidics due to its high throughput, ease of fabrication, and no need for external forces. The focusing efficiency of inertial microfluidic systems relies entirely on the geometrical features of microchannels because hydrodynamic forces (inertial lift forces and Dean drag forces) are the main driving forces in inertial microfluidic devices. In the past few years, novel microchannel structures have been propounded to improve particle manipulation efficiency. However, the fabrication of these unconventional structures has remained a serious challenge. Although researchers have pushed forward the frontiers of microfabrication technologies, the fabrication techniques employed for inertial microfluidics have not been discussed comprehensively. This review introduces the microfabrication approaches used for creating inertial microchannels, including photolithography, xurography, laser cutting, micromachining, microwire technique, etching, hot embossing, 3D printing, and injection molding. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods have also been discussed. Then, the techniques are reviewed regarding resolution, structures, cost, and materials. This review provides a thorough insight into the manufacturing methods of inertial microchannels, which could be helpful for future studies to improve the harvesting yield and resolution by choosing a proper fabrication technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sheyda Mirjalali
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Behrouz Aghajanloo
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Kumar PS, Madapusi S, Goel S. Sub-second synthesis of silver nanoparticles in 3D printed monolithic multilayered microfluidic chip: Enhanced chemiluminescence sensing predictions via machine learning algorithms. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125502. [PMID: 37348592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Futuristic microfluidics will require alternative ways to extend its potential in vast areas by integrating various facets such as automation of different subsystems, multiplexing, incorporation of cyber-physical capabilities, and rapid prototyping. On the rapid prototyping aspect, for the last decade, additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing (3DP) has advanced to become an alternative fabrication process for microfluidic devices, enabling industry-level abilities towards mass production. In this context, for the first time, this work demonstrates the fabrication of monolithic multilayer microfluidic devices (MMMD) from planar orientation (1 layer) to nonplanar (4 layers) monolithic microchannels. The developed MMM device was impeccable for synthesizing highly potentialized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in <1 s. Moreover, the transport of chemical species with laminar flow simulations was performed on the process along with the thorough characterizations of produced AgNPs, finding the mean AgNPs particle size of around 35 nm without any post-processing requirements. The well-known catalytic activity of AgNPs was leveraged to enhance weak chemiluminescence (CL) sensing signals by >1300 %, increasing CL sensitivity. Further, machine learning (ML) predictive models encouraged to obtain the experimental parameters without human intervention iterations for target-specific applications. The proposed methodology finds the potential to save resources, time, and enables automation with rapid prototyping, providing possibilities for mass fabrications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavar Sai Kumar
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nano electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Srinivasan Madapusi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sanket Goel
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nano electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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16
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Niu W, Yang M, Liu Y, Gong Y, Xu Y. Cross Algorithm of Additive Manufacturing Micromixers. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:490-499. [PMID: 37346180 PMCID: PMC10280174 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) that is currently being used to process micromixers has many issues regarding the structural integrity of the micromixers. To solve these issues, in this article, we propose a cross-sectional contour extraction algorithm based on computed tomography (CT) scan data to nondestructively detect the size deviation of micromixers generated by AM. Herein, we take a square wave micromixer and a three-dimensional (3D) circular micromixer as examples to characterize the size deviation. We reconstruct the surface model of the micromixer from CT scan data, which is referred to as the reconstructed model, and extract the central axis of the micromixer reconstructed model. Subsequently, a dividing plane perpendicular to the central axis is established, which is then used to cut the reconstructed model to obtain the cross-sectional contour of the channel. Finally, size inspection is conducted on the extracted cross-sectional contour. The standard deviations of the channel width and height for the square wave micromixer are 0.0271 and 0.0175, respectively, and those for the 3D circular micromixer are 0.0122 and 0.0144, respectively. Through uncertainty analysis, the errors calculated based on the design size are -1.70%, +0.48%, +0.23%, -1.86%, -5.23%, and -0.90%, respectively, which shows that this method can meet the needs of measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Niu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxue Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gong
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Tianjin Sanying Precision Instruments Co., Ltd., Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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17
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Han DH, Oh U, Park JK. Characterization of PDMS Microchannels Using Horizontally or Vertically Formed 3D-Printed Molds by Digital Light Projection. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19128-19136. [PMID: 37273587 PMCID: PMC10233826 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the promising technologies for the fabrication of microstructures due to its versatility, ease of fabrication, and low cost. However, the direct use of 3D-printed microstructure as a microchannel is still limited due to its surface property, biocompatibility, and transmittance. As an alternative, rapid prototyping of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) from 3D-printed microstructures ensures both biocompatibility and efficient fabrication. We employed 3D-printed molds fabricated using horizontal and vertical arrangement methods with different slice thicknesses in a digital light projection (DLP)-based 3D printing process to replicate PDMS microchannels. The replicated PDMS structures were investigated to compare their optical transmittances and surface roughness. Interestingly, the optical transmittance of PDMS from the 3D-printed mold was significantly increased via bonding two single PDMS layers. To evaluate the applicability of the replicated PDMS devices from the 3D-printed mold, we performed droplet generation in the PDMS microchannels, comparing the same device from a conventional Si-wafer mold. This study provides a fundamental understanding of prototyping microstructures from the DLP-based 3D-printed mold.
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18
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Ghosh PK, Sundaravadivel P. Stretchable Sensors for Soft Robotic Grippers in Edge-Intelligent IoT Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4039. [PMID: 37112380 PMCID: PMC10145183 DOI: 10.3390/s23084039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of electronic material and sensing technology has enabled research to be conducted on liquid metal-based soft sensors. The application of soft sensors is widespread and has many applications in soft robotics, smart prosthetics, and human-machine interfaces, where these sensors can be integrated for precise and sensitive monitoring. Soft sensors can be easily integrated for soft robotic applications, where traditional sensors are incompatible with robotic applications as these types of sensors show large deformation and very flexible. These liquid-metal-based sensors have been widely used for biomedical, agricultural and underwater applications. In this research, we have designed and fabricated a novel soft sensor that yields microfluidic channel arrays embedded with liquid metal Galinstan alloy. First of all, the article presents different fabrication steps such as 3D modeling, printing, and liquid metal injection. Different sensing performances such as stretchability, linearity, and durability results are measured and characterized. The fabricated soft sensor demonstrated excellent stability and reliability and exhibited promising sensitivity with respect to different pressures and conditions.
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19
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Veloso WB, Paixão TR, Meloni GN. 3D printed electrodes design and voltammetric response. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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20
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Duncan JL, Schultz J, Barlow Z, Davalos RV. Introducing electric field fabrication: A method of additive manufacturing via liquid dielectrophoresis. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING LETTERS 2023; 4:100107. [PMID: 36814549 PMCID: PMC9941962 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2022.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical devices with millimeter and micron-scaled features have been a promising approach to single-cell analysis, diagnostics, and fundamental biological and chemical studies. These devices, however, have not been able to fully embrace the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) that offers quick prototypes and complexities not achievable via traditional 2D fabrication techniques (e.g., soft lithography). This slow adoption of AM can be attributed in part to limited material selection, resolution, and inability to easily integrate components mid-print. Here, we present the feasibility of using liquid dielectrophoresis to manipulate and shape a droplet of build material, paired with subsequent curing and stacking, to generate 3D parts. This Electric Field Fabrication (EFF) technique is an additive manufacturing method that offers advantages such as new printable materials and mixed-media parts without post-assembly for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L. Duncan
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg VA, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA, USA,Corresponding author. (J.L. Duncan)
| | | | | | - Rafael V. Davalos
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg VA, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA, USA
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21
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Duan K, Orabi M, Warchock A, Al-Akraa Z, Ajami Z, Chun TH, Lo JF. Monolithically 3D-Printed Microfluidics with Embedded µTesla Pump. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020237. [PMID: 36837937 PMCID: PMC9965163 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has earned a reputation for providing numerous transformative but disconnected devices and techniques. Active research seeks to address this challenge by integrating microfluidic components, including embedded miniature pumps. However, a significant portion of existing microfluidic integration relies on the time-consuming manual fabrication that introduces device variations. We put forward a framework for solving this disconnect by combining new pumping mechanics and 3D printing to demonstrate several novel, integrated and wirelessly driven microfluidics. First, we characterized the simplicity and performance of printed microfluidics with a minimum feature size of 100 µm. Next, we integrated a microtesla (µTesla) pump to provide non-pulsatile flow with reduced shear stress on beta cells cultured on-chip. Lastly, the integration of radio frequency (RF) device and a hobby-grade brushless motor completed a self-enclosed platform that can be remotely controlled without wires. Our study shows how new physics and 3D printing approaches not only provide better integration but also enable novel cell-based studies to advance microfluidic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Mohamad Orabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Alexus Warchock
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Zaynab Al-Akraa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Zeinab Ajami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Tae-Hwa Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joe F. Lo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
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22
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Tolabi H, Davari N, Khajehmohammadi M, Malektaj H, Nazemi K, Vahedi S, Ghalandari B, Reis RL, Ghorbani F, Oliveira JM. Progress of Microfluidic Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds and Organ-on-Chips for the Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2208852. [PMID: 36633376 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration is among the fundamental reasons behind disability and pain across the globe. Numerous approaches have been employed to treat cartilage diseases. Nevertheless, none have shown acceptable outcomes in the long run. In this regard, the convergence of tissue engineering and microfabrication principles can allow developing more advanced microfluidic technologies, thus offering attractive alternatives to current treatments and traditional constructs used in tissue engineering applications. Herein, the current developments involving microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds, promising structures for cartilage regeneration, ranging from hydrogels with microfluidic channels to hydrogels prepared by the microfluidic devices, that enable therapeutic delivery of cells, drugs, and growth factors, as well as cartilage-related organ-on-chips are reviewed. Thereafter, cartilage anatomy and types of damages, and present treatment options are briefly overviewed. Various hydrogels are introduced, and the advantages of microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds over traditional hydrogels are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, available technologies for fabricating microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds and microfluidic chips are presented. The preclinical and clinical applications of microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds in cartilage regeneration and the development of cartilage-related microfluidic chips over time are further explained. The current developments, recent key challenges, and attractive prospects that should be considered so as to develop microfluidic systems in cartilage repair are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Tolabi
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Niyousha Davari
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 143951561, Iran
| | - Mehran Khajehmohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8916877391, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Malektaj
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Katayoun Nazemi
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Samaneh Vahedi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, 34149-16818, Iran
| | - Behafarid Ghalandari
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
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23
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Delgado P, Oshinowo O, Fay ME, Luna CA, Dissanayaka A, Dorbala P, Ravindran A, Shen L, Myers DR. Universal pre-mixing dry-film stickers capable of retrofitting existing microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:014104. [PMID: 36687143 PMCID: PMC9848651 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Integrating microfluidic mixers into lab-on-a-chip devices remains challenging yet important for numerous applications including dilutions, extractions, addition of reagents or drugs, and particle synthesis. High-efficiency mixers utilize large or intricate geometries that are difficult to manufacture and co-implement with lab-on-a-chip processes, leading to cumbersome two-chip solutions. We present a universal dry-film microfluidic mixing sticker that can retrofit pre-existing microfluidics and maintain high mixing performance over a range of Reynolds numbers and input mixing ratios. To attach our pre-mixing sticker module, remove the backing material and press the sticker onto an existing microfluidic/substrate. Our innovation centers around the multilayer use of laser-cut commercially available silicone-adhesive-coated polymer sheets as microfluidic layers to create geometrically complex, easy to assemble designs that can be adhered to a variety of surfaces, namely, existing microfluidic devices. Our approach enabled us to assemble the traditional yet difficult to manufacture "F-mixer" in minutes and conceptually extend this design to create a novel space-saving spiral F-mixer. Computational fluid dynamic simulations and experimental results confirmed that both designs maintained high performance for 0.1 < Re < 10 and disparate input mixing ratios of 1:10. We tested the integration of our system by using the pre-mixer to fluorescently tag proteins encapsulated in an existing microfluidic. When integrated with another microfluidic, our pre-mixing sticker successfully combined primary and secondary antibodies to fluorescently tag micropatterned proteins with high spatial uniformity, unlike a traditional pre-mixing "T-mixer" sticker. Given the ease of this technology, we anticipate numerous applications for point-of-care devices, microphysiological-systems-on-a-chip, and microfluidic-based biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D. R. Myers
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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24
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Design and 3D printing of an electrochemical sensor for Listeria monocytogenes detection based on loop mediated isothermal amplification. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12637. [PMID: 36691544 PMCID: PMC9860429 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is the design and 3D printing of a new electrochemical sensor for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes based on loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The food related diseases involve a serious health issue all over the world. Listeria monocytogenes is one of the major problems of contaminated food, this pathogen causes a disease called listeriosis with a high rate of hospitalization and mortality. Having a fast, sensitive and specific detection method for food quality control is a must in the food industry to avoid the presence of this pathogen in the food chain (raw materials, facilities and products). A point-of-care biosensor based in LAMP and electrochemical detection is one of the best options to detect the bacteria on site and in a very short period of time. With the numerical analysis of different geometries and flow rates during sample injection in order to avoid bubbles, an optimized design of the microfluidic biosensor chamber was selected for 3D-printing and experimental analysis. For the electrochemical detection, a novel custom gold concentric-3-electrode consisting in a working electrode, reference electrode and a counter electrode was designed and placed in the bottom of the chamber. The LAMP reaction was optimized specifically for a primers set with a limit of detection of 1.25 pg of genomic DNA per reaction and 100% specific for detecting all 12 Listeria monocytogenes serotypes and no other Listeria species or food-related bacteria. The methylene blue redox-active molecule was tested as the electrochemical transducer and shown to be compatible with the LAMP reaction and very clearly distinguished negative from positive food samples when the reaction is measured at the end-point inside the biosensor.
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25
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Emerging application of hydrocyclone in biotechnology and food processing. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Shakeri A, Khan S, Jarad NA, Didar TF. The Fabrication and Bonding of Thermoplastic Microfluidics: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15186478. [PMID: 36143790 PMCID: PMC9503322 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Various fields within biomedical engineering have been afforded rapid scientific advancement through the incorporation of microfluidics. As literature surrounding biological systems become more comprehensive and many microfluidic platforms show potential for commercialization, the development of representative fluidic systems has become more intricate. This has brought increased scrutiny of the material properties of microfluidic substrates. Thermoplastics have been highlighted as a promising material, given their material adaptability and commercial compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive discussion surrounding recent developments pertaining to thermoplastic microfluidic device fabrication. Existing and emerging approaches related to both microchannel fabrication and device assembly are highlighted, with consideration toward how specific approaches induce physical and/or chemical properties that are optimally suited for relevant real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Noor Abu Jarad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tohid F. Didar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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27
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Mohan JM, Amreen K, Javed A, Dubey SK, Goel S. Miniaturized 3D printed electrochemical platform with optimized Fibrous carbon electrode for non-interfering hypochlorite sensing. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134915. [PMID: 35568213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
3D printing technology based electrochemical device can provide ease of fabrication, cost effectiveness, rapid detection and lower limit of detection. Herein, a novel, customized, portable and inexpensive 3D printed electrochemical device, has been presented. Fibrous carbon Toray paper, deposited with gold nanoparticles through electrodeposition, used as a working electrode which Further device was tested with 1 mM sodium hypochlorite using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) in 0.1 M PBS. Hypochlorite has a pivotal role in supporting the growing chemical and paper industries and finds diverse uses in several clinical applications. It is primarily used for disinfecting food, water and surfaces. The scan rate study was carried out from 20 mVs-1 to 250 mVs-1 using cyclic voltammetry technique. The diffusion coefficient obtained from scan rate effect was 1.39 × 10-6 cm2s-1. The concentration range was evaluated with SWV technique, in a linear range of 0.6 μM-40 μM, with a detection limit of 0.7 μM. The device was further analyzed to ensure non-interference from co-existing chemicals like sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrite. Real sample analysis was done with sea, artificial sea and tap water with impressive recovery values. In summary, the developed working electrode can be customized and modified based on testing analyte; thus, the proposed device can be used for various other biochemical analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaligam Murali Mohan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Khairunnisa Amreen
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Arshad Javed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Satish Kumar Dubey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Sanket Goel
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India.
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Lai X, Yang M, Wu H, Li D. Modular Microfluidics: Current Status and Future Prospects. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1363. [PMID: 36014285 PMCID: PMC9414757 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review mainly studies the development status, limitations, and future directions of modular microfluidic systems. Microfluidic technology is an important tool platform for scientific research and plays an important role in various fields. With the continuous development of microfluidic applications, conventional monolithic microfluidic chips show more and more limitations. A modular microfluidic system is a system composed of interconnected, independent modular microfluidic chips, which are easy to use, highly customizable, and on-site deployable. In this paper, the current forms of modular microfluidic systems are classified and studied. The popular fabrication techniques for modular blocks, the major application scenarios of modular microfluidics, and the limitations of modular techniques are also discussed. Lastly, this review provides prospects for the future direction of modular microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Lai
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mingpeng Yang
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dachao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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29
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Choi JW, Kim GJ, Hong S, An JH, Kim BJ, Ha CW. Sequential process optimization for a digital light processing system to minimize trial and error. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13553. [PMID: 35941282 PMCID: PMC9360010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In additive manufacturing, logical and efficient workflow optimization enables successful production and reduces cost and time. These attempts are essential for preventing fabrication problems from various causes. However, quantitative analysis and integrated management studies of fabrication issues using a digital light processing (DLP) system are insufficient. Therefore, an efficient optimization method is required to apply several materials and extend the application of the DLP system. This study proposes a sequential process optimization (SPO) to manage the initial adhesion, recoating, and exposure energy. The photopolymerization characteristics and viscosity of the photocurable resin were quantitatively analyzed through process conditions such as build plate speed, layer thickness, and exposure time. The ability of the proposed SPO was confirmed by fabricating an evaluation model using a biocompatible resin. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the developed resin was verified through experiments. The existing DLP process requires several trials and errors in process optimization. Therefore, the fabrication results are different depending on the operator’s know-how. The use of the proposed SPO enables a systematic approach for optimizing the process conditions of a DLP system. As a result, the DLP system is expected to be more utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Choi
- Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 113-58, Seohaean-ro, Siheung-si, 15014, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Ji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, 47, 24-Gil, Kkachisan-ro, Seoul, 07661, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjoon Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, 47, 24-Gil, Kkachisan-ro, Seoul, 07661, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Jin Kim
- Green Chemistry and Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, Republic of Korea.,Department of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Ha
- Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 113-58, Seohaean-ro, Siheung-si, 15014, Republic of Korea.
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Park SJ, Lee JS. Effect of surface treatment on shear bond strength of relining material and 3D-printed denture base. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 14:262-272. [PMID: 36105879 PMCID: PMC9444486 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2022.14.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the shear bond strength between the 3D-printed denture base and the chairside relining material, according to the surface treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cylindrical specimens were prepared using DENTCA Denture Base II. The experimental groups were divided into 6 (n = 10): no surface treatment (C), Tokuyama Rebase II Normal adhesive (A), sandblasting (P), sandblasting and adhesive (PA), sandblasting and silane (PS), and the Rocatec system (PPS). After bonding the chairside relining material to the center of the specimens in a cylindrical shape, they were stored in distilled water for 24 hours. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure mode was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. Shear bond strength values were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey’s honest significant difference test was used for post-hoc analysis (P < .05). RESULTS Group PPS exhibited significantly higher shear bond strength than all other groups. Groups P and PA displayed significantly higher bond strengths than the control group. There were no significant differences between groups PS and A compared to the control group. Regarding the failure mode, adhesive failure occurred primarily in groups C and A, and mixed failure mainly in groups P, PA, PS, and PPS. CONCLUSION The shear bond strength between the 3D-printed denture base and the chairside relining material exhibited significant differences according to the surface treatment methods. It is believed that excellent adhesive strength will be obtained when the Rocatec system is applied to 3D-printed dentures in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jick Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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31
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Jain V, Patel VB, Singh B, Varade D. Microfluidic Device Based Molecular Self-Assembly Structures. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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32
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Fonseca J, Gong T. Fabrication of metal-organic framework architectures with macroscopic size: A review. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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33
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Arifin N, Sudin I, Ngadiman NHA, Ishak MSA. A Comprehensive Review of Biopolymer Fabrication in Additive Manufacturing Processing for 3D-Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102119. [PMID: 35632000 PMCID: PMC9147259 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of a scaffold-fabrication method becomes challenging due to the variety in manufacturing methods, biomaterials and technical requirements. The design and development of tissue engineering scaffolds depend upon the porosity, which provides interconnected pores, suitable mechanical strength, and the internal scaffold architecture. The technology of the additive manufacturing (AM) method via photo-polymerization 3D printing is reported to have the capability to fabricate high resolution and finely controlled dimensions of a scaffold. This technology is also easy to operate, low cost and enables fast printing, compared to traditional methods and other additive manufacturing techniques. This article aims to review the potential of the photo-polymerization 3D-printing technique in the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. This review paper also highlights the comprehensive comparative study between photo-polymerization 3D printing with other scaffold fabrication techniques. Various parameter settings that influence mechanical properties, biocompatibility and porosity behavior are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulhuda Arifin
- Quality Engineering, Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam 81750, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Izman Sudin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamad Shaiful Ashrul Ishak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kampus Pauh Putra, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia;
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34
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Review on Recent Advances in Drug Development by Using 3D Printing Technology. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Goralczyk A, Mayoussi F, Sanjaya M, Corredor SF, Bhagwat S, Song Q, Schwenteck S, Warmbold A, Pezeshkpour P, Rapp BE. On‐Chip Chemical Synthesis Using One‐Step 3D Printed Polyperfluoropolyether. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022; 94:975-982. [PMID: 35915768 PMCID: PMC9322562 DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three‐dimensional (3D) printing has already shown its high relevance for the fabrication of microfluidic devices in terms of precision manufacturing cycles and a wider range of materials. 3D‐printable transparent fluoropolymers are highly sought after due to their high chemical and thermal resistance. Here, we present a simple one‐step fabrication process via stereolithography of perfluoropolyether dimethacrylate. We demonstrate successfully printed microfluidic mixers with 800 µm circular channels for chemistry‐on‐chip applications. The printed chips show chemical, mechanical, and thermal resistance up to 200 °C, as well as high optical transparency. Aqueous and organic reactions are presented to demonstrate the wide potential of perfluoropolyether dimethacrylate for chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Goralczyk
- University of Freiburg Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Fadoua Mayoussi
- University of Freiburg Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Mario Sanjaya
- University of Freiburg Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Santiago Franco Corredor
- University of Freiburg Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Sagar Bhagwat
- University of Freiburg Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Qingchuan Song
- University of Freiburg Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Sarah Schwenteck
- University of Freiburg Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Andreas Warmbold
- University of Freiburg Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Pegah Pezeshkpour
- University of Freiburg Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Bastian E. Rapp
- University of Freiburg Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
- University of Freiburg Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
- University of Freiburg FIT Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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36
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3D nanoprinting via spatially controlled assembly and polymerization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1941. [PMID: 35410416 PMCID: PMC9001713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroscale additive manufacturing has seen significant advances recently, but these advances are not yet realized for the bottom-up formation of nanoscale polymeric features. We describe a platform technology for creating crosslinked polymer features using rapid surface-initiated crosslinking and versatile macrocrosslinkers, delivered by a microfluidic-coupled atomic force microscope known as FluidFM. A crosslinkable polymer containing norbornene moieties is delivered to a catalyzed substrate where polymerization occurs, resulting in extremely rapid chemical curing of the delivered material. Due to the living crosslinking reaction, construction of lines and patterns with multiple layers is possible, showing quantitative material addition from each deposition in a method analogous to fused filament fabrication, but at the nanoscale. Print parameters influenced printed line dimensions, with the smallest lines being 450 nm across with a vertical layer resolution of 2 nm. This nanoscale 3D printing platform of reactive polymer materials has applications for device fabrication, optical systems and biotechnology. Additive manufacturing methods at the macroscale have seen significant advances in recent times, but advances for the bottom-up formation of nanoscale polymeric features are yet to be realized. Here, the authors demonstrate that rapid crosslinking of an AFM delivered norbornene crosslinker in presence of a surface-tethered metathesis catalysts facilitates the curing of delivered material in an extremely rapid fashion
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37
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Liu Y, Li S, Liu Y. Machine Learning-Driven Multiobjective Optimization: An Opportunity of Microfluidic Platforms Applied in Cancer Research. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050905. [PMID: 35269527 PMCID: PMC8909684 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is one of the primary reasons for cancer-related fatalities. Despite the achievements of cancer research with microfluidic platforms, understanding the interplay of multiple factors when it comes to cancer cells is still a great challenge. Crosstalk and causality of different factors in pathogenesis are two important areas in need of further research. With the assistance of machine learning, microfluidic platforms can reach a higher level of detection and classification of cancer metastasis. This article reviews the development history of microfluidics used for cancer research and summarizes how the utilization of machine learning benefits cancer studies, particularly in biomarker detection, wherein causality analysis is useful. To optimize microfluidic platforms, researchers are encouraged to use causality analysis when detecting biomarkers, analyzing tumor microenvironments, choosing materials, and designing structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali 671000, China;
| | - Sijing Li
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali 671000, China;
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.L.)
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38
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Namgung H, Kaba AM, Oh H, Jeon H, Yoon J, Lee H, Kim D. Quantitative Determination of 3D-Printing and Surface-Treatment Conditions for Direct-Printed Microfluidic Devices. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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39
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Lin WZS, Evenson WE, Bostic WKV, Roberts RW, Malmstadt N. Compatibility of Popular Three-Dimensional Printed Microfluidics Materials with In Vitro Enzymatic Reactions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:818-824. [PMID: 35138792 PMCID: PMC10371121 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3D printed microfluidics offer several advantages over conventional planar microfabrication techniques including fabrication of 3D microstructures, rapid prototyping, and inertness. While 3D printed materials have been studied for their biocompatibility in cell and tissue culture applications, their compatibility for in vitro biochemistry and molecular biology has not been systematically investigated. Here, we evaluate the compatibility of several common enzymatic reactions in the context of 3D-printed microfluidics: (1) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), (2) T7 in vitro transcription, (3) mammalian in vitro translation, and (4) reverse transcription. Surprisingly, all the materials tested significantly inhibit one or more of these in vitro enzymatic reactions. Inclusion of BSA mitigates only some of these inhibitory effects. Overall, inhibition appears to be due to a combination of the surface properties of the resins as well as soluble components (leachate) originating in the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Zhen Sophie Lin
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 925 Bloom Walk, HED 216, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - William E Evenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave, SGM 418, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - W Kristian Vu Bostic
- USC Biomedical Engineering Department, 1042 Downey Way, Denney Research Center (DRB) 140, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Richard W Roberts
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 925 Bloom Walk, HED 216, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave, SGM 418, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,USC Biomedical Engineering Department, 1042 Downey Way, Denney Research Center (DRB) 140, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States.,Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Child Way, RRI 201, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Noah Malmstadt
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 925 Bloom Walk, HED 216, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave, SGM 418, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,USC Biomedical Engineering Department, 1042 Downey Way, Denney Research Center (DRB) 140, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
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40
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Belmonte I, White RJ. 3-D printed microfluidics for rapid prototyping and testing of electrochemical, aptamer-based sensor devices under flow conditions. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339377. [PMID: 35057946 PMCID: PMC8931854 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the ability to rapidly prototype and fabricate an epoxy-embedded electrode platform and microfluidic device suitable for using electrochemical biosensors under flow conditions. We utilize three-dimensional (3-D) printing to rapidly prototype molds to fabricate epoxy-embedded electrodes in addition to molds for rapid prototyping of PDMS microfluidic components. We characterize the bare gold epoxy-embedded electrodes using ferricyanide as a redox indicator and then characterize the performance of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) specific electrochemical, aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor. We then incorporate the ATP specific E-AB sensors into the microfluidic device to study and take advantage of the dynamic response this class of sensor offers. We were able to flow varying concentrations of target analyte and monitor the dynamic response of the sensors to the changing concentration. This work demonstrates the ability to rapidly prototype E-AB sensors under flow conditions using 3-D printing which can lead to rapid and affordable point-of-care or fieldable applications where dynamic measurements of concentration, specificity and sensitivity and multiplex detection are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Belmonte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Ryan J. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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41
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Kukkar D, Zhang D, Jeon B, Kim KH. Recent advances in wearable biosensors for non-invasive monitoring of specific metabolites and electrolytes associated with chronic kidney disease: Performance evaluation and future challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Bhaiyya M, Pattnaik PK, Goel S. Multiplexed and simultaneous biosensing in a 3D-printed portable six-well smartphone operated electrochemiluminescence standalone point-of-care platform. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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43
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Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Materials: A Review. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmmp6010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) offer discrete or continuously changing properties/compositions over the volume of the parts. The widespread application of FGMs was not rapid enough in the past due to limitations of the manufacturing methods. Significant developments in manufacturing technologies especially in Additive Manufacturing (AM) enable us nowadays to manufacture materials with specified changes over the volume/surface of components. The use of AM methods for the manufacturing of FGMs may allow us to compensate for some drawbacks of conventional methods and to produce complex and near-net-shaped structures with better control of gradients in a cost-efficient way. Vat Photopolymerization (VP), a type of AM method that works according to the principle of curing liquid photopolymer resin layer-by-layer, has gained in recent years high importance due to its advantages such as low cost, high surface quality control, no need to support structures, no limitation in the material. This article reviews the state-of-art and future potential of using VP methods for FGM manufacturing. It was concluded that improvements in printer hardware setup and software, design aspects and printing methodologies will accelerate the use of VP methods for FGMs manufacturing.
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Duarte LC, Pereira I, Maciel LIL, Vaz BG, Coltro WKT. 3D printed microfluidic mixer for real-time monitoring of organic reactions by direct infusion mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1190:339252. [PMID: 34857139 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
3D printing is a technology that has revolutionized traditional rapid prototyping methods due to its ability to build microscale structures with customized geometries in a simple, fast, and low-cost way. In this sense, this article describes the development of a microfluidic mixing device to monitor chemical reactions by mass spectrometry (MS). Microfluidic mixers were designed containing 3D serpentine and Y-shaped microchannels, both with a pointed end for facilitating the spray formation. The devices were fabricated entirely by 3D printing with fusion deposition modeling (FDM) technology. As proof-of-concept, micromixers were evaluated through monitoring the Katritzky reaction by injecting simultaneously 2,4,6-triphenylpropyllium (TPP) and amino acid (glycine or alanine) solutions, each through a different reactor inlet. Reaction product was monitored online by MS at different flow rates. Mass spectra showed that the relative abundances of the products obtained with the device containing the 3D serpentine channel were three times greater than those obtained with the Y-channel device due to the turbulence generated by the barriers created inside microchannels. In addition, when compared to the conventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) technique, the 3D serpentine mixer offered better performance measured in relation to the relative abundance values for the reaction products. These results as well as the instrumental simplicity indicate that 3D printed microfluidic mixer is a promising tool for monitoring organic reactions via MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Duarte
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Igor Pereira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lanaia I L Maciel
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Vallabani NVS, Alijagic A, Persson A, Odnevall I, Särndahl E, Karlsson HL. Toxicity evaluation of particles formed during 3D-printing: Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and inflammatory response in lung and macrophage models. Toxicology 2022; 467:153100. [PMID: 35032623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) or "3D-printing" is a ground-breaking technology that enables the production of complex 3D parts. Its rapid growth calls for immediate toxicological investigations of possible human exposures in order to estimate occupational health risks. Several laser-based powder bed fusion AM techniques are available of which many use metal powder in the micrometer range as feedstock. Large energy input from the laser on metal powders generates several by-products, like spatter and condensate particles. Due to often altered physicochemical properties and composition, spatter and condensate particles can result in different toxicological responses compared to the original powder particles. The toxicity of such particles has, however, not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of condensate/spatter particles formed and collected upon selective laser melting (SLM) printing of metal alloy powders, including a nickel-chromium-based superalloy (IN939), a nickel-based alloy (Hastelloy X, HX), a high-strength maraging steel (18Ni300), a stainless steel (316L), and a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Toxicological endpoints investigated included cytotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), genotoxicity (comet and micronucleus formation), and inflammatory response (cytokine/chemokine profiling) following exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) or monocytes/macrophages (THP-1). The results showed no or minor cytotoxicity in the doses tested (10-100 μg/mL). Furthermore, no ROS generation or formation of micronucleus was observed in the HBEC cells. However, an increase in DNA strand breaks (detected by comet assay) was noted in cells exposed to HX, IN939, and Ti6Al4V, whereas no evident release of pro-inflammatory cytokine was observed from macrophages. Particle and surface characterization showed agglomeration in solution and different surface oxide compositions compared to the nominal bulk content. The extent of released nickel was small and related to the nickel content of the surface oxides, which was largely different from the bulk content. This may explain the limited toxicity found despite the high Ni bulk content of several powders. Taken together, this study suggests relatively low acute toxicity of condensates/spatter particles formed during SLM-printing using IN939, HX, 18Ni300, 316L, and Ti6Al4V as original metal powders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andi Alijagic
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden; AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hanna L Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Garcia-Cardosa M, Granados-Ortiz FJ, Ortega-Casanova J. A Review on Additive Manufacturing of Micromixing Devices. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:73. [PMID: 35056237 PMCID: PMC8778246 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, additive manufacturing has gained importance in a wide range of research applications such as medicine, biotechnology, engineering, etc. It has become one of the most innovative and high-performance manufacturing technologies of the moment. This review aims to show and discuss the characteristics of different existing additive manufacturing technologies for the construction of micromixers, which are devices used to mix two or more fluids at microscale. The present manuscript discusses all the choices to be made throughout the printing life cycle of a micromixer in order to achieve a high-quality microdevice. Resolution, precision, materials, and price, amongst other relevant characteristics, are discussed and reviewed in detail for each printing technology. Key information, suggestions, and future prospects are provided for manufacturing of micromixing machines based on the results from this review.
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Rapid Prototyping of Organ-on-a-Chip Devices Using Maskless Photolithography. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010049. [PMID: 35056214 PMCID: PMC8778126 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) and microfluidic devices are conventionally produced using microfabrication procedures that require cleanrooms, silicon wafers, and photomasks. The prototyping stage often requires multiple iterations of design steps. A simplified prototyping process could therefore offer major advantages. Here, we describe a rapid and cleanroom-free microfabrication method using maskless photolithography. The approach utilizes a commercial digital micromirror device (DMD)-based setup using 375 nm UV light for backside exposure of an epoxy-based negative photoresist (SU-8) on glass coverslips. We show that microstructures of various geometries and dimensions, microgrooves, and microchannels of different heights can be fabricated. New SU-8 molds and soft lithography-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips can thus be produced within hours. We further show that backside UV exposure and grayscale photolithography allow structures of different heights or structures with height gradients to be developed using a single-step fabrication process. Using this approach: (1) digital photomasks can be designed, projected, and quickly adjusted if needed; and (2) SU-8 molds can be fabricated without cleanroom availability, which in turn (3) reduces microfabrication time and costs and (4) expedites prototyping of new OoC devices.
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Abstract
AbstractThe multidisciplinary research field of bioprinting combines additive manufacturing, biology and material sciences to create bioconstructs with three-dimensional architectures mimicking natural living tissues. The high interest in the possibility of reproducing biological tissues and organs is further boosted by the ever-increasing need for personalized medicine, thus allowing bioprinting to establish itself in the field of biomedical research, and attracting extensive research efforts from companies, universities, and research institutes alike. In this context, this paper proposes a scientometric analysis and critical review of the current literature and the industrial landscape of bioprinting to provide a clear overview of its fast-changing and complex position. The scientific literature and patenting results for 2000–2020 are reviewed and critically analyzed by retrieving 9314 scientific papers and 309 international patents in order to draw a picture of the scientific and industrial landscape in terms of top research countries, institutions, journals, authors and topics, and identifying the technology hubs worldwide. This review paper thus offers a guide to researchers interested in this field or to those who simply want to understand the emerging trends in additive manufacturing and 3D bioprinting.
Graphic abstract
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Balakrishnan HK, Doeven EH, Merenda A, Dumée LF, Guijt RM. 3D printing for the integration of porous materials into miniaturised fluidic devices: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:338796. [PMID: 34711329 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials facilitate the efficient separation of chemicals and particulate matter by providing selectivity through structural and surface properties and are attractive as sorbent owing to their large surface area. This broad applicability of porous materials makes the integration of porous materials and microfluidic devices important in the development of more efficient, advanced separation platforms. Additive manufacturing approaches are fundamentally different to traditional manufacturing methods, providing unique opportunities in the fabrication of fluidic devices. The complementary 3D printing (3DP) methods are each accompanied by unique opportunities and limitations in terms of minimum channel size, scalability, functional integration and automation. This review focuses on the developments in the fabrication of 3DP miniaturised fluidic devices with integrated porous materials, focusing polymer-based methods including fused filament fabrication (FFF), inkjet 3D printing and digital light projection (DLP). The 3DP methods are compared based on resolution, scope for multimaterial printing and scalability for manufacturing. As opportunities for printing pores are limited by resolution, the focus is on approaches to incorporate materials with sub-micron pores to be used as membrane, sorbent or stationary phase in separation science using Post-Print, Print-Pause-Print and In-Print processes. Technical aspects analysing the efficiency of the fabrication process towards scalable manufacturing are combined with application aspects evaluating the separation and/or extraction performance. The review is concluded with an overview on achievements and opportunities for manufacturable 3D printed membrane/sorbent integrated fluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kalathil Balakrishnan
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia; Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Egan H Doeven
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Andrea Merenda
- Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Khalifa University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Research and Innovation Centre on CO(2) and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Centre for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
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Pal AK, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Additive manufacturing technology of polymeric materials for customized products: recent developments and future prospective. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36398-36438. [PMID: 35494368 PMCID: PMC9043570 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demand for additive manufacturing (AM) is increasing due to its ability to produce more challenging customized objects based on the process parameters for engineering applications. The processing of conventional materials by AM processes is a critically demanded research stream, which has generated a path-breaking scenario in the rapid manufacturing and upcycling of plastics. The exponential growth of AM in the worldwide polymer market is expected to exceed 20 billion US dollars by 2021 in areas of automotive, medical, aerospace, energy and customized consumer products. The development of functional polymers and composites by 3D printing-based technologies has been explored significantly due to its cost-effective, easier integration into customized geometries, higher efficacy, higher precision, freedom of material utilization as compared to traditional injection molding, and thermoforming techniques. Since polymers are the most explored class of materials in AM to overcome the limitations, this review describes the latest research conducted on petroleum-based polymers and their composites using various AM techniques such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) related to 3D printing in engineering applications such as biomedical, automotive, aerospace and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Pal
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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