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Sheikh TA, Ismail M, Rabbee MF, Khan H, Rafique A, Rasheed Z, Siddique A, Rafiq MZ, Khattak ZAK, Jillani SMS, Shahzad U, Akhtar MN, Saeed M, Alzahrani KA, Uddin J, Rahman MM, Verpoort F. 2D MXene-Based Nanoscale Materials for Electrochemical Sensing Toward the Detection of Hazardous Pollutants: A Perspective. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-46. [PMID: 39046991 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2379851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
MXenes (Mn+1XnTx), a subgroup of 2-dimensional (2D) materials, specifically comprise transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. They exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic and photocatalytic properties, making them well-suited for the detection and removal of pollutants from aqueous environments. Because of their high surface area and remarkable properties, they are being utilized in various applications, including catalysis, sensing, and adsorption, to combat pollution and mitigate its adverse effects. Different characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy have been used for the structural elucidation of 2D MXene. Current responses against applied potential were measured during the electrochemical sensing of the hazardous pollutants in an aqueous system using a variety of electroanalytical techniques, including differential pulse voltammetry, amperometry, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, etc. In this review, a comprehensive discussion on structural patterns, synthesis, properties of MXene and their application for electrochemical detection of lethal pollutants like hydroquionone, phenol, catechol, mercury and lead, etc. are presented. This review will be helpful to critically understand the methods of synthesis and application of MXenes for the removal of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali Sheikh
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Hira Khan
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Rafique
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Zeerak Rasheed
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Amna Siddique
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Rafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Shehzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umer Shahzad
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Saeed
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alzahrani
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Uddin
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian
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Tong X, Jiang L, Ao Q, Lv X, Song Y, Tang J. Highly stable glucose oxidase polynanogel@MXene/chitosan electrochemical biosensor based on a multi-stable interface structure for glucose detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 248:115942. [PMID: 38154330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenging and meaningful task to design an enzyme electrochemical biosensor that can maintain high sensitivity while improving stability. In this study, we constructed an enzyme electrochemical biosensor by preparing nanocomposites with multi-stable interface structures. Specifically, the nanocomposite (PGOx@MXene/CS) was prepared by efficient electrostatic assembly of GOx polynanogel (PGOx) onto MXene nanosheets. PGOx could enhance enzyme stability, while the extensive the large specific surface area of MXene could realize the efficient loading of nanocapsules (PGOx) and catalyze the decomposition of toxic intermediate H2O2, thereby reducing its influence on the stability of enzyme. The linear range of the constructed glucose sensor was 0.03-16.5 mM, the sensitivity was 48.98 μA mM-1·cm-2, and the detection limit was 3.1 μM. After 200 cycles, the current still remained at 85.83% of the initial current value. The high sensitivity, excellent selectivity and great reproducibility verified the effectiveness of the system we constructed. The multi-stable enzyme electrochemical biosensor had a wide application prospect in stable and continuous blood glucose detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglai Tong
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qi Ao
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lv
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Lorencova L, Kasak P, Kosutova N, Jerigova M, Noskovicova E, Vikartovska A, Barath M, Farkas P, Tkac J. MXene-based electrochemical devices applied for healthcare applications. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:88. [PMID: 38206460 PMCID: PMC10784403 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The initial part of the review provides an extensive overview about MXenes as novel and exciting 2D nanomaterials describing their basic physico-chemical features, methods of their synthesis, and possible interfacial modifications and techniques, which could be applied to the characterization of MXenes. Unique physico-chemical parameters of MXenes make them attractive for many practical applications, which are shortly discussed. Use of MXenes for healthcare applications is a hot scientific discipline which is discussed in detail. The article focuses on determination of low molecular weight analytes (metabolites), high molecular weight analytes (DNA/RNA and proteins), or even cells, exosomes, and viruses detected using electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Separate chapters are provided to show the potential of MXene-based devices for determination of cancer biomarkers and as wearable sensors and biosensors for monitoring of a wide range of human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Natalia Kosutova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Jerigova
- International Laser Center, Slovak Center of Scientific and Technical Information, Ilkovicova 3, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Noskovicova
- International Laser Center, Slovak Center of Scientific and Technical Information, Ilkovicova 3, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Barath
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Farkas
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Farasati Far B, Rabiee N, Iravani S. Environmental implications of metal-organic frameworks and MXenes in biomedical applications: a perspective. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34562-34575. [PMID: 38024989 PMCID: PMC10668918 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes have demonstrated immense potential for biomedical applications, offering a plethora of advantages. MXenes, in particular, exhibit robust mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, large surface areas, significant light absorption potential, and tunable surface terminations, among other remarkable characteristics. Meanwhile, MOFs possess high porosity and large surface area, making them ideal for protecting active biomolecules and serving as carriers for drug delivery, hence their extensive study in the field of biomedicine. However, akin to other (nano)materials, concerns regarding their environmental implications persist. The number of studies investigating the toxicity and biocompatibility of MXenes and MOFs is growing, albeit further systematic research is needed to thoroughly understand their biosafety issues and biological effects prior to clinical trials. The synthesis of MXenes often involves the use of strong acids and high temperatures, which, if not properly managed, can have adverse effects on the environment. Efforts should be made to minimize the release of harmful byproducts and ensure proper waste management during the production process. In addition, it is crucial to assess the potential release of MXenes into the environment during their use in biomedical applications. For the biomedical applications of MOFs, several challenges exist. These include high fabrication costs, poor selectivity, low capacity, the quest for stable and water-resistant MOFs, as well as difficulties in recycling/regeneration and maintaining chemical/thermal/mechanical stability. Thus, careful consideration of the biosafety issues associated with their fabrication and utilization is vital. In addition to the synthesis and manufacturing processes, the ultimate utilization and fate of MOFs and MXenes in biomedical applications must be taken into account. While numerous reviews have been published regarding the biomedical applications of MOFs and MXenes, this perspective aims to shed light on the key environmental implications and biosafety issues, urging researchers to conduct further research in this field. Thus, the crucial aspects of the environmental implications and biosafety of MOFs and MXenes in biomedicine are thoroughly discussed, focusing on the main challenges and outlining future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 1684611367 Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales 2109 Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University Perth WA 6150 Australia
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Zhang Z, Karimi-Maleh H, Wen Y, Darabi R, Wu T, Alostani P, Ghalkhani M. Nanohybrid of antimonene@Ti 3C 2T x-based electrochemical aptasensor for lead detection. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116355. [PMID: 37329944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lead ions (Pb2+), as one of many common heavy metallic environmental pollutants, can cause serious side-effects and result in chronic poisoning to people's health, so it is highly significant to monitor Pb2+ efficiently and sensitively. Here, we proposed an antimonene@Ti3C2Tx nanohybrid-based electrochemical aptamer sensor (aptasensor) for high sensitive Pb2+ determination. The sensing platform of nanohybrid was synthesized by ultrasonication, possessing the advantages of both antimonene and Ti3C2Tx, which not only can vastly enlarge the sensing signal of the proposed aptasensor, but also greatly simplified its manufacturing flow, because antimonene can strongly interact with aptamer through noncovalently bound. The surface morphology and microarchitecture of the nanohybrid were perused by several methods such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray mapping spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Under optimal empirical conditions, the proposed aptasensor exhibited a wide linear correlation of the current signals with the logarithm of CPb2+ (Log CPb2+) over the span from 1 × 10-12 to 1 × 10-7 M and provided a trace discernment limit of 3.3 × 10-13 M. Moreover, the constructed aptasensor displayed superior repeatability, great consistency, eminent selectivity, and beneficial reproducibility, implying its extreme potential application for water quality control and the environmental monitoring of Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxiang Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China; Institute of Functional Materials and Agricultural Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Yangpin Wen
- Institute of Functional Materials and Agricultural Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Rozhin Darabi
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China
| | - Pardis Alostani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ghalkhani
- Electrochemical Sensors Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Lavizan, P.O. Box 16785-163, Tehran, 167881-5811, Iran
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Yang X, Guo W, Umar A, Algadi H, Ibrahim AA, Zhao C, Ren Z, Wang L, Pei M. Electrochemical aptasensor based on gold nanoparticle decorated Ti 3C 2T x nanocomposites for chloramphenicol detection. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:206. [PMID: 37162685 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Using gold (Au) nanoparticle decorated Ti3C2Tx (Ti3C2Tx-Au) nanocomposites, a highly sensitive electrochemical aptasensor for the effective detection of chloramphenicol has been developed. As a two-dimensional layered material, the prepared composite not only provides high surface area, good conductivity, and thermal stability but also substantial binding sites for aptamers with high sensitivity and selectivity for the accurate determination of chloramphenicol. Interestingly, the conductivity and active sites were enhanced by freeze-drying Ti3C2Tx and in situ formation of Ti3C2Tx-Au nanocomposite. The fabricated aptasensor exhibited a very low detection limit (S/N ≥ 3) of 13.18 fg mL-1 with a linear range of 1 ~ 700 pg mL-1 and correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The fabricated aptasensor demonstrated an excellent reproducibility, repeatability, long-term stability, and high selectivity toward chloramphenicol. Further, the aptasensor was applied to real milk samples, and the recoveries were ranged from 98.93 to 101.93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Centre for Scientific and Engineering Research, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan Algadi
- Centre for Scientific and Engineering Research, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Scientific and Engineering Research, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chengxian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Luyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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Amara U, Hussain I, Ahmad M, Mahmood K, Zhang K. 2D MXene-Based Biosensing: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205249. [PMID: 36412074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MXene emerged as decent 2D material and has been exploited for numerous applications in the last decade. The remunerations of the ideal metallic conductivity, optical absorbance, mechanical stability, higher heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and good redox capability have made MXene a potential candidate for biosensing applications. The hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, antifouling, and anti-toxicity properties have opened avenues for MXene to perform in vitro and in vivo analysis. In this review, the concept, operating principle, detailed mechanism, and characteristic properties are comprehensively assessed and compiled along with breakthroughs in MXene fabrication and conjugation strategies for the development of unique electrochemical and optical biosensors. Further, the current challenges are summarized and suggested future aspects. This review article is believed to shed some light on the development of MXene for biosensing and will open new opportunities for the future advanced translational application of MXene bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umay Amara
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Muhmmad Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Biomedical Applications of an Ultra-Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Based on Smart MXene Quantum Dots (SMQDs). BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090743. [PMID: 36140128 PMCID: PMC9496527 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In today’s world, the use of biosensors occupies a special place in a variety of fields such as agriculture and industry. New biosensor technologies can identify biological compounds accurately and quickly. One of these technologies is the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the development of biosensors based on their optical properties, which allow for very sensitive and specific measurements of biomolecules without time delay. Therefore, various nanomaterials have been introduced for the development of SPR biosensors to achieve a high degree of selectivity and sensitivity. The diagnosis of deadly diseases such as cancer depends on the use of nanotechnology. Smart MXene quantum dots (SMQDs), a new class of nanomaterials that are developing at a rapid pace, are perfect for the development of SPR biosensors due to their many advantageous properties. Moreover, SMQDs are two-dimensional (2D) inorganic segments with a limited number of atomic layers that exhibit excellent properties such as high conductivity, plasmonic, and optical properties. Therefore, SMQDs, with their unique properties, are promising contenders for biomedicine, including cancer diagnosis/treatment, biological sensing/imaging, antigen detection, etc. In this review, SPR biosensors based on SMQDs applied in biomedical applications are discussed. To achieve this goal, an introduction to SPR, SPR biosensors, and SMQDs (including their structure, surface functional groups, synthesis, and properties) is given first; then, the fabrication of hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) based on SMQDs and the biomedical applications of SMQDs are discussed. In the next step, SPR biosensors based on SMQDs and advanced 2D SMQDs-based nanobiosensors as ultrasensitive detection tools are presented. This review proposes the use of SMQDs for the improvement of SPR biosensors with high selectivity and sensitivity for biomedical applications.
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Ali MR, Bacchu MS, Al-Mamun MR, Hossain MI, Khaleque A, Khatun A, Ridoy DD, Aly MAS, Khan MZH. Recent Advanced in MXene Research toward Biosensor Development. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-18. [PMID: 36068703 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2115286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
MXene is a rapidly emerging group of two-dimensional (2D) multifunctional nanomaterials, drawing huge attention from researchers of a broad scientific field. Reporting the synthesis of MXene was the following breakthrough in 2D materials following the discovery of graphene. MXene is considered the most recent developments of materials, including transition metal carbonitrides, nitrides, and carbides synthesized by etching or mechanical-based exfoliation of selective MAX phases. MXene has a plethora of prodigious properties such as unique interlayer spacing, high ion and electron transport, large surface area, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, exceptional volumetric capacitance, thermal shock, and oxidation resistance, easily machinable and inherently hydrophilic, and biocompatibility. Owing to the abundance of tailorable surface function groups, these properties can be further enhanced by surface functionalization with covalent and non-covalent modifications via numerous surface functionalization methods. Therefore, MXene finds their way to a plethora of applications in numerous fields including catalysis, membrane separation, energy storage, sensing, and biomedicine. Here, the focus is on reviewing the structure, synthesis techniques, and functionalization methods of MXene. Furthermore, MXene-based detection platforms in different sensing applications are survived. Great attention is given to reviewing the applications of MXene in the detection of biomolecules, pathogenic bacteria and viruses, cancer biomarkers food contaminants and mycotoxins, and hazardous pollutants. Lastly, the future perspective of MXene-based biosensors as a next-generation diagnostics tool is discussed. Crucial visions are introduced for materials science and sensing communities to better route while investigating the potential of MXene for creating innovative detection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Romzan Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sadek Bacchu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashid Al-Mamun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ikram Hossain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Khaleque
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Anowara Khatun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Dipto Debnath Ridoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed Aly Saad Aly
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Md Zaved Hossain Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Iravani P, Iravani S, Varma RS. MXene-Chitosan Composites and Their Biomedical Potentials. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13091383. [PMID: 36144006 PMCID: PMC9500609 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Today, MXenes with fascinating electronic, thermal, optical, and mechanical features have been broadly studied for biomedical applications, such as drug/gene delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, antimicrobials/antivirals, sensing, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. In this context, various MXene-polymer composites have been designed to improve the characteristics such as physiological stability, sustained/controlled release behaviors, biodegradability, biocompatibility, selectivity/sensitivity, and functionality. Chitosan with advantages of ease of modification, biodegradability, antibacterial activities, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility can be considered as attractive materials for designing hybridized composites together with MXenes. These hybrid composites ought to be further explored for biomedical applications because of their unique properties such as high photothermal conversion efficiency, improved stability, selectivity/sensitivity, stimuli-responsiveness behaviors, and superior antibacterial features. These unique structural, functional, and biological attributes indicate that MXene-chitosan composites are attractive alternatives in biomedical engineering. However, several crucial aspects regarding the surface functionalization/modification, hybridization, nanotoxicological analyses, long-term biosafety assessments, biocompatibility, in vitro/in vivo evaluations, identification of optimization conditions, implementation of environmentally-benign synthesis techniques, and clinical translation studies are still need to be examined by researchers. Although very limited studies have revealed the great potentials of MXene-chitosan hybrids in biomedicine, the next steps should be toward the extensive research and detailed analyses in optimizing their properties and improving their functionality with a clinical and industrial outlook. Herein, recent developments in the use of MXene-chitosan composites with biomedical potentials are deliberated, with a focus on important challenges and future perspectives. In view of the fascinating properties and multifunctionality of MXene-chitosan composites, these hybrid materials can open significant new opportunities in the future for bio- and nano-medicine arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Iravani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
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Rhouati A, Berkani M, Vasseghian Y, Golzadeh N. MXene-based electrochemical sensors for detection of environmental pollutants: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132921. [PMID: 34798114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of MXenes at Drexel University in the United States in 2011, there has been extensive research regarding various applications of MXenes including environmental remediation. MXenes with a general formula of Mn+1XnTx are a class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides with unique chemical and physical characteristics as nanomaterials. MXenes feature characteristics such as high conductivity, hydrophobicity, and large specific surface areas that are attracting attention from researchers in many fields including environmental water engineering such as desalination and wastewater treatment as well as designing and building efficient sensors to detect hazardous pollutants in water. In this study, we review recent developments in MXene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical (bio) sensing with a particular focus on the detection of hazardous pollutants, such as organic components, pesticides, nitrite, and heavy metals. Integration of these 2D materials in electrochemical enzyme-based and affinity-based biosensors for environmental pollutants is also discussed. In addition, a summary of the key challenges and future remarks are presented. Although this field is relatively new, future research on biosensors of MXene-based nanocomposites need to exploit the remarkable properties of these 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Rhouati
- Laboratoire Bioengineering, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Berkani
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Golzadeh
- Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (STEM) Knowledge Translations Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Salah B, Eid K, Abdelgwad AM, Ibrahim Y, Abdullah AM, Hassan MK, Ozoemena KI. Titanium Carbide (Ti
3
C
2
T
x
) MXene Ornamented with Palladium Nanoparticles for Electrochemical CO Oxidation. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belal Salah
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, P O Wits Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | - Kamel Eid
- Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering Qatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelgwad
- Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering Qatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | - Yasmeen Ibrahim
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, P O Wits Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | | | | | - Kenneth I. Ozoemena
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, P O Wits Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
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13
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Gui JC, Han L, Cao WY. Lamellar MXene: A novel 2D nanomaterial for electrochemical sensors. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Shi Y, Zhang X, Mei L, Hu K, Chao L, Li X, Miao M. 2D Accordion‐like MXene Nanosheets as a Sensitive Electrode Material for Baicalin Sensing. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Mei Shi
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007, P.R. China
| | - Kai Hu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
| | - Li‐Qin Chao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
| | - Xiu‐Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology New York Medical College New York NY 10595 USA
| | - Ming‐San Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
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15
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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy on 2D Nanomaterial MXene Modified Interfaces: Application as a Characterization and Transducing Tool. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the basic characteristics of MXene, a novel 2D nanomaterial with many outstanding properties applicable to electrochemical sensing and biosensing. The second part deals with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and its beneficial features applicable to ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing and label-free biosensing. The main part of the review presents recent advances in the integration of MXene to design electrochemical interfaces. EIS was used to evaluate the effect of anodic potential on MXene and the effect of the MXene preparation route and for characterization of MXene grafted with polymers. It also included the application of EIS as the main transducing tool for antibody- and aptamer-based biosensors or biosensors integrating molecularly imprinted polymers.
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16
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Nemčeková K, Labuda J. Advanced materials-integrated electrochemical sensors as promising medical diagnostics tools: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111751. [PMID: 33545892 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have increasingly been linked with terms as modern biomedically effective highly selective and sensitive devices, wearable and wireless technology, portable electronics, smart textiles, energy storage, communication and user-friendly operating systems. The work brings the overview of the current advanced materials and their application strategies for improving performance, miniaturization and portability of sensing devices. It provides the extensive information on recently developed (bio)sensing platforms based on voltammetric, amperometric, potentiometric and impedimetric detection modes including portable, non-invasive, wireless, and self-driven miniaturized devices for monitoring human and animal health. Diagnostics of selected free radical precursors, low molecular biomarkers, nucleic acids and protein-based biomarkers, bacteria and viruses of today's interest is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Nemčeková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava 81237, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Labuda
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava 81237, Slovakia.
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17
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Lorencova L, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Bertok T, Jerigova M, Velic D, Sobolciak P, Krupa I, Kasak P, Tkac J. Electrochemical Investigation of Interfacial Properties of Ti 3C 2T x MXene Modified by Aryldiazonium Betaine Derivatives. Front Chem 2020; 8:553. [PMID: 32793549 PMCID: PMC7393994 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For efficient and effective utilization of MXene such as biosensing or advanced applications, interfacial modification of MXene needs to be considered. To this end, we describe modification of Ti3C2Tx MXene by aryldiazonium-based grafting with derivatives bearing a sulfo- (SB) or carboxy- (CB) betaine pendant moiety. Since MXene contains free electrons, betaine derivatives could be grafted to MXene spontaneously. Kinetics of spontaneous grafting of SB and CB toward MXene was electrochemically examined in two different ways, and such experiments confirmed much quicker spontaneous SB grafting compared to spontaneous CB grafting. Moreover, a wide range of electrochemical methods investigating non-Faradaic and Faradaic redox behavior also in the presence of two redox probes together with contact-angle measurements and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) confirmed substantial differences in formation and interfacial presentation of betaine layers, when spontaneously grafted on MXene. Besides spontaneous grafting of CB and SB toward MXene, also electrochemical grafting by a redox trigger was performed. Results suggest that electrochemical grafting provides a denser layer of SB and CB on the MXene interface compared to spontaneous grafting of SB and CB. Moreover, an electrochemically grafted SB layer offers much lower interfacial resistance and an electrochemically active surface area compared to an electrochemically grafted CB layer. Thus, by adjusting the SB/CB ratio in the solution during electrochemical grafting, it is possible to effectively tune the redox behavior of an MXene-modified interface. Finally, electrochemically grafted CB and SB layers on MXene were evaluated against non-specific protein binding and compared to the anti-fouling behavior of an unmodified MXene interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Jerigova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- International Laser Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Velic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- International Laser Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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18
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Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Light-Responsive Hydrogel Composite for Bendable Bilayer Photoactuator. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071419. [PMID: 32708124 PMCID: PMC7407751 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Soft actuators based on hydrogel materials, which can convert light energy directly into mechanical energy, are of the utmost importance, especially with enhancements in device development. However, the hunt for specific photothermal nanomaterials with distinct performance remains challenging. In this study, we successfully fabricated a bilayer hydrogel actuator consisting of an active photothermal layer from incorporated Ti3C2Tx MXene in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) p(NIPAm)hydrogel structure and a passive layer from the N-(2-hydroxylethylpropyl)acrylamide (HEAA) hydrogel structure. The uniform and effective incorporation of MXene into the NIPAm hydrogel structures were characterized by a battery of techniques. The light responsive swelling properties of the MXene-embedded NIPAm-based hydrogel demonstrated fully reversible and repeatable behavior in the light on–off regime for up to ten consecutive cycles. The effect of MXene loading, the shape of the actuator, and the light source effects on the bilayer NIPAm-HEAA hydrogel structure were investigated. The bilayer hydrogel with MXene loading of 0.3% in the NIPAm hydrogel exhibited a 200% change of the bending angle in terms of its bidirectional shape/volume after 100 s exposure to white light at an intensity of 70 mW cm−2. Additionally, the bending behavior under real sunlight was evaluated, showing the material’s potential applicability in practical environments.
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19
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Gajdosova V, Lorencova L, Kasak P, Tkac J. Electrochemical Nanobiosensors for Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarkers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4022. [PMID: 32698389 PMCID: PMC7412172 DOI: 10.3390/s20144022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review paper describes recent advances made in the field of electrochemical nanobiosensors for the detection of breast cancer (BC) biomarkers such as specific genes, microRNA, proteins, circulating tumor cells, BC cell lines, and exosomes or exosome-derived biomarkers. Besides the description of key functional characteristics of electrochemical nanobiosensors, the reader can find basic statistic information about BC incidence and mortality, breast pathology, and current clinically used BC biomarkers. The final part of the review is focused on challenges that need to be addressed in order to apply electrochemical nanobiosensors in a clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (L.L.)
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20
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Hroncekova S, Bertok T, Hires M, Jane E, Lorencova L, Vikartovska A, Tanvir A, Kasak P, Tkac J. Ultrasensitive Ti 3C 2T X MXene/Chitosan Nanocomposite-Based Amperometric Biosensor for Detection of Potential Prostate Cancer Marker in Urine Samples. Processes (Basel) 2020; 8:580. [PMID: 33304843 PMCID: PMC7116456 DOI: 10.3390/pr8050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered nanomaterial Ti3C2TX (a member of the MXene family) was used to immobilise enzyme sarcosine oxidase to fabricate a nanostructured biosensor. The device was applied for detection of sarcosine, a potential prostate cancer biomarker, in urine for the first time. The morphology and structures of MXene have been characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical measurements, SEM and AFM analysis revealed that MXene interfaced with chitosan is an excellent support for enzyme immobilisation to fabricate a sensitive biosensor exhibiting a low detection limit of 18 nM and a linear range up to 7.8 µM. The proposed biosensing method also provides a short response time of 2 s and high recovery index of 102.6% for detection of sarcosine spiked into urine sample in a clinically relevant range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Aisha Tanvir
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. BOX 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. BOX 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
- Correspondence:
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21
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Lorencova L, Bertok T, Bertokova A, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Vikartovska A, Kasak P, Tkac J. Exosomes as a Source of Cancer Biomarkers: Advances in Electrochemical Biosensing of Exosomes. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
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23
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Remarkable differences in the voltammetric response towards hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and Ru(NH 3) 63+ of electrode interfaces modified with HF or LiF-HCl etched Ti 3C 2T x MXene. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:52. [PMID: 31848717 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical study was performed on the behavior of Ti3C2Tx MXenes prepared by using either HF (MXene1) or LiF/HCl as etchants (MXene2). The use of two redox probes indicates the presence of a higher negative charge density on MXene2 in comparison to MXene1. The characterization of two nanomaterials shows that titanium and fluoride are present higher by one order of magnitude at the interface of MXene2, compared to MXene1. The high Ti and F content is accompanied by a 82-fold larger (249 μA·cm-2 vs. 5.64 μA·cm-2) anodic peak at the peak potential near 0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Similarly, the peak current on MXene2 is 317-fold higher for the oxygen reduction at pH 7.0 (at a voltage of -0.84 V) and 215-fold higher for the reduction of H2O2 at -0.89 V, when compared to MXene1. Graphical abstractDifference in electrochemical behavior of MXene prepared by HF (MXene1) and LiF/HCl (MXene2) as etchants.
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Tanvir A, Sobolčiak P, Popelka A, Mrlik M, Spitalsky Z, Micusik M, Prokes J, Krupa I. Electrically Conductive, Transparent Polymeric Nanocomposites Modified by 2D Ti 3C 2T x (MXene). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1272. [PMID: 31370311 PMCID: PMC6723293 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrically conductive, transparent, and flexible self-standing thin nanocomposite films based on copolyamide matrix (coPA:Vestamelt X1010) modified with 2D Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheets were prepared by casting and their electrical, mechanical and optical properties and then, were investigated. The percolation threshold of the MXene filler within the coPA matrix was found to be 0.05 vol. %, and the highest determined electrical conductivity was 1.4 × 10-2 S·cm-1 for the composite filled with 5 wt. % (1.8 vol. %) of MXene. The electrical conductivity of the as-prepared MXene was 9.1 S·cm-1, and the electrical conductivity of the MAX phase (the precursor for MXene preparation) was 172 S·cm-1. The transparency of the prepared composite films exceeded 75%, even for samples containing 5 wt. % of MXene, as confirmed by UV spectroscopy. The dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed the improved mechanical properties, such as the storage modulus, which improved with the increasing MXene content. Moreover, all the composite films were very flexible and did not break under repeated twisting. The combination of the relatively high electrical conductivity of the composites filled with low filler content, an appropriate transparency, and good mechanical properties make these materials promising for applications in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Tanvir
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, P. O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Patrik Sobolčiak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, P. O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Anton Popelka
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, P. O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Spitalsky
- Polymer Institute Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
| | - Matej Micusik
- Polymer Institute Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
| | - Jan Prokes
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, P. O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, P. O. Box 2713, Qatar.
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