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Haššo M, Kudr J, Zítka J, Šílený J, Švec P, Švorc Ľ, Zítka O. Proving the automatic benchtop electrochemical station for the development of dopamine and paracetamol sensors. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:408. [PMID: 38898321 PMCID: PMC11186920 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The introduced work represents an implementation of the automatic benchtop electrochemical station (BES) as an effective tool for the possibilities of high-throughput preparation of modified sensor/biosensors, speeding up the development of the analytical method, and automation of the analytical procedure for the determination of paracetamol (PAR) and dopamine (DOP) as target analytes. Within the preparation of gold nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrode (AuNPs-SPCE) by electrodeposition, the deposition potential EDEP, the deposition time tDEP, and the concentration of HAuCl4 were optimized and their influence was monitored on 1 mM [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ redox probe and 50 μM DOP. The morphology of the AuNPs-SPCE prepared at various modification conditions was observed by SEM. The analytical performance of the AuNPs-SPCE prepared at different modification conditions was evaluated by a construction of the calibration curves of DOP and PAR. SPCE and AuNPs-SPCE at modification condition providing the best sensitivity to PAR and DOP, were successfully used to determine PAR and DOP in tap water by "spike-recovery" approach. The BES yields better reproducibility of the preparation of AuNPs-SPCE (RSD = 3.0%) in comparison with the case when AuNPs-SPCE was prepared manually by highly skilled laboratory operator (RSD = 7.0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Haššo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Jiří Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zítka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šílený
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ľubomír Švorc
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Ondřej Zítka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic.
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İslamoğlu N, Mülazımoğlu İE, Demir Mülazımoğlu A. Sensitive and selective determination of paracetamol in antipyretic children's syrup with a polyglycine modified glassy carbon electrode. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4149-4158. [PMID: 37575052 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00789h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for the determination of paracetamol (acetaminophen) is proposed based on a polyglycine-coated glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical behavior of paracetamol was studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal experimental conditions, the peak oxidation current of paracetamol increases linearly in the range of 0.5-75 μM. The limit of detection of paracetamol was 0.03 μM and the limit of quantitation was 0.09 μM. In addition, modified glassy carbon with polyglycine as the sensor was successfully used for the determination of paracetamol in antipyretic children's syrup samples, with a recovery rate of over 95.3%, showing its great application potential in drug analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesim İslamoğlu
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Institute of Science, Chemistry Department, Konya, Turkiye.
| | - İbrahim Ender Mülazımoğlu
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Keleşoğlu Education Faculty, Chemistry Department, Konya, Turkiye.
| | - Ayşen Demir Mülazımoğlu
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Keleşoğlu Education Faculty, Chemistry Department, Konya, Turkiye.
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Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Kozak J, Czech B. Screen-Printed Voltammetric Sensors-Tools for Environmental Water Monitoring of Painkillers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22072437. [PMID: 35408052 PMCID: PMC9003516 DOI: 10.3390/s22072437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic production and usage of pharmaceuticals, mainly painkillers, indicates the growing problem of environmental contamination. Therefore, the monitoring of pharmaceutical concentrations in environmental samples, mostly aquatic, is necessary. This article focuses on applying screen-printed voltammetric sensors for the voltammetric determination of painkillers residues, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, and tramadol in environmental water samples. The main advantages of these electrodes are simplicity, reliability, portability, small instrumental setups comprising the three electrodes, and modest cost. Moreover, the electroconductivity, catalytic activity, and surface area can be easily improved by modifying the electrode surface with carbon nanomaterials, polymer films, or electrochemical activation.
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Kozak J, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Wójciak M, Sowa I. Electrochemically Activated Screen-Printed Carbon Sensor Modified with Anionic Surfactant (aSPCE/SDS) for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Diclofenac and Tramadol. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133581. [PMID: 34206920 PMCID: PMC8269727 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an electrochemically activated screen-printed carbon electrode modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (aSPCE/SDS) was proposed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PA), diclofenac (DF), and tramadol (TR). Changes of surface morphology and electrochemical behaviour of the electrode after the electrochemical activation with H2O2 and SDS surface modification were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The influence of various parameters on the responses of the aSPCE/SDS such as pH and concentration of the buffer, SDS concentration, and techniques parameters were investigated. Using optimised conditions (Eacc. of −0.4 V, tacc. of 120 s, ΔEA of 150 mV, ν of 250 mV s−1, and tm of 10 ms), the aSPCE/SDS showed a good linear response in the concentration ranges of 5.0 × 10−8–2.0 × 10−5 for PA, 1.0 × 10−9–2.0 × 10−7 for DF, and 1.0 × 10−8–2.0 × 10−7 and 2.0 × 10−7–2.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 for TR. The limits of detection obtained during the simultaneous determination of PA, DF, and TR are 1.49 × 10−8 mol L−1, 2.10 × 10−10 mol L−1, and 1.71 × 10−9 mol L−1, respectively. The selectivity of the aSPCE/SDS was evaluated by examination of the impact of some inorganic and organic substances that are commonly present in environmental and biological samples on the responses of PA, DF, and TR. Finally, the differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric (DPAdSV) procedure using the aSPCE/SDS was successfully applied for the determination of PA, DF, and TR in river water and serum samples as well as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Kozak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.T.-R.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.T.-R.); (M.W.)
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Banitaba SN, Ehrmann A. Application of Electrospun Nanofibers for Fabrication of Versatile and Highly Efficient Electrochemical Devices: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1741. [PMID: 34073391 PMCID: PMC8197972 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical devices convert chemical reactions into electrical energy or, vice versa, electricity into a chemical reaction. While batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, solar cells, and sensors belong to the galvanic cells based on the first reaction, electrolytic cells are based on the reversed process and used to decompose chemical compounds by electrolysis. Especially fuel cells, using an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen with an oxidizing agent to produce electricity, and electrolytic cells, e.g., used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, are of high interest in the ongoing search for production and storage of renewable energies. This review sheds light on recent developments in the area of electrospun electrochemical devices, new materials, techniques, and applications. Starting with a brief introduction into electrospinning, recent research dealing with electrolytic cells, batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, electrochemical solar cells, and electrochemical sensors is presented. The paper concentrates on the advantages of electrospun nanofiber mats for these applications which are mostly based on their high specific surface area and the possibility to tailor morphology and material properties during the spinning and post-treatment processes. It is shown that several research areas dealing with electrospun parts of electrochemical devices have already reached a broad state-of-the-art, while other research areas have large space for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Ehrmann
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
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Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Kozak J, Sztanke M, Sztanke K, Sadok I. A Screen-Printed Sensor Coupled with Flow System for Quantitative Determination of a Novel Promising Anticancer Agent Candidate. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185217. [PMID: 32933116 PMCID: PMC7571158 DOI: 10.3390/s20185217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A carbon nanofibers modified screen-printed carbon sensor (SPCE/CNFs) was applied for the determination of a novel promising anticancer agent candidate (ethyl 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3-carboxylate, EIMTC) using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). It is the first method for the quantitative determination of EIMTC. The modified screen-printed sensor exhibited excellent electrochemical activity in reducing EIMTC. The peak current of EIMTC was found to be linear in two concentration ranges of 2.0 × 10−9 – 2.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 and 2.0 × 10−8 – 2.0 × 10−7 mol L−1, with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10−10 mol L−1. The connection of flow-cell for the SPCE/CNFs with SWV detection allowed for the successful determination of EIMTC in human serum samples. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) acted as a comparative method in the serum samples analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jędrzej Kozak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Sztanke
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Sztanke
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis and Analysis, Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Application, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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Simultaneous Analysis of Paracetamol and Diclofenac Using MWCNTs-COOH Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode and Pulsed Potential Accumulation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13143091. [PMID: 32664310 PMCID: PMC7412038 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric (DPAdSV) procedure with the use of pulsed potential accumulation and carboxyl functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE/MWCNTs-COOH) was delineated for simultaneous analysis of paracetamol (PA) and diclofenac (DF). The use of carboxyl functionalized MWCNTs and pulsed potential accumulation improves the analytical signals of PA and DF, and minimizes interferences from surfactants. After optimization of analytical conditions for this sensor, the peak currents of the two compounds were found to increase linearly with the increase in their concentration (5.0 × 10-9-5.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 1.4 × 10-9 mol L-1 for PA, and 1.0 × 10-10-2.0 × 10-8 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 3.0 × 10-11 mol L-1 for DF). For the first time, the electrochemical sensor allows simultaneous determination of PA and DF at concentrations of 24.3 ± 0.5 nmol L-1 and 3.7 ± 0.7 nmol L-1, respectively, in wastewater samples purified in a sewage treatment plant.
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Carbonaceous Nanomaterials Employed in the Development of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Screen-Printing Technique—A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to revise research on carbonaceous nanomaterials used in developing sensors. In general, nanomaterials are known to be useful in developing high-performance sensors due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Thus, descriptions were made for various structural features, properties, and manner of functionalization of carbon-based nanomaterials used in electrochemical sensors. Of the commonly used technologies in manufacturing electrochemical sensors, the screen-printing technique was described, highlighting the advantages of this type of device. In addition, an analysis was performed in point of the various applications of carbon-based nanomaterial sensors to detect analytes of interest in different sample types.
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