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Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Hatch A, Hage DS. Analysis of drug interactions with serum proteins and related binding agents by affinity capillary electrophoresis: A review. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2302-2323. [PMID: 36250426 PMCID: PMC10098505 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules such as serum proteins can interact with drugs in the body and influence their pharmaceutical effects. Specific and precise methods that analyze these interactions are critical for drug development or monitoring and for diagnostic purposes. Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) is one technique that can be used to examine the binding between drugs and serum proteins, or other agents found in serum or blood. This article will review the basic principles of ACE, along with related affinity-based capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods, and examine recent developments that have occurred in this field as related to the characterization of drug-protein interactions. An overview will be given of the various formats that can be used in ACE and CE for such work, including the relative advantages or weaknesses of each approach. Various applications of ACE and affinity-based CE methods for the analysis of drug interactions with serum proteins and other binding agents will also be presented. Applications of ACE and related techniques that will be discussed include drug interaction studies with serum agents, chiral drug separations employing serum proteins, and the use of CE in hybrid methods to characterize drug binding with serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Arden Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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2
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Miyabe K. Moment theory of affinity capillary electrophoresis for analysis of reaction kinetics of intermolecular interactions. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1684:463557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Liang A, Desai U. Advances in Studying Glycosaminoglycan-Protein Interactions Using Capillary Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2303:365-387. [PMID: 34626394 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methods for studying interactions between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteins have assumed considerable significance as their biological importance increases. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful method to study these interactions due to its speed, high efficiency, and low sample/reagent consumption. In addition, CE works effectively under a wide range of physiologically relevant conditions. This chapter presents the state of the art on CE methods for studying GAG-protein interactions including affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), frontal analysis (FA)/frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis (FACCE), and capillary electrokinetic chromatography (CEC) with detailed experimental protocols for ACE and CZE methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiye Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Charleston Southern University, North Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Umesh Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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4
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Davoine C, Pardo A, Pochet L, Fillet M. Fragment Hit Discovery and Binding Site Characterization by Indirect Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis: Application to Factor XIIa. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14802-14809. [PMID: 34694784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-based lead discovery is a usual strategy in drug discovery to identify innovative lead compounds. The success of this approach strongly relies on the capacity to detect weak binders and characterize their binding site. NMR and X-ray crystallography are the conventional technologies used to tackle this challenge. However, their large protein consumption and the cost of equipment reduce their accessibility. Here, an affinity capillary electrophoresis methodology was developed that enables the detection of mM binders, the determination of dissociation constants, and the characterization of the fragment binding site. On the basis of multiple equilibrium theory, dissociation constants in the μM-mM range were determined, and a new methodology is proposed to establish graphically if two fragments bind the same protein pocket. The applicability of this methodology was demonstrated experimentally on coagulation factor XIIa by evaluating pairs of fragments with expected behavior. This study reinforces the significance of using affinity capillary electrophoresis to gather valuable information for medicinal chemistry projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Davoine
- Namur Medicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC─NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.,Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36 Tour 4 +3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alissia Pardo
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36 Tour 4 +3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lionel Pochet
- Namur Medicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC─NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36 Tour 4 +3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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5
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Miyabe K. Moment Equations for Kinetic Study of Intermolecular Interaction by Size Exclusion Chromatography. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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6
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Yuan Z, Xu P, Yu F, Zhang D, Zhao Q, Yu W, Wang H. An electroosmotic flow-free two-direction migration strategy enables fast affinity capillary electrophoresis to study the weak interactions between basic peptides and RNA. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5833-5838. [PMID: 33227112 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis (ACE) is a useful analytical tool to study noncovalent interactions. However, it remains challenging for ACE to measure weak and unstable interactions due to the fast dissociation of the binding complex and the possible destruction of the complex by a high electric field. In this study, we proposed a two-direction migration strategy that enables ACE to detect weak and unstable but important interactions by decreasing the migration distance of the binding complex and controlling the opposite migration direction of the free probe. By synthesizing a polyacrylamide-coated neutral capillary, free of electroosmotic flow, two-direction CE migration of basic peptides (positively charged) and peptide-RNA complexes (negatively charged) was achieved. Furthermore, the weak interactions between small nuclear U2 RNA and histone peptides were detected by this two-direction migration CE approach. The effects of the methylation states of histone peptides on the weak peptide-RNA interactions were also explored by this new approach. Collectively, the suggested modification of the ACE method is able to qualitatively characterize weak interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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7
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Bertaut E, Goossens JF, Landy D, Danel C. Binding constants determination of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by affinity capillary electrophoresis. How to overcome the limitations induced by the UV-detector? J Chromatogr A 2020; 1623:461209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Moment analysis of peak broadening in affinity capillary electrophoresis and electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Baroni A, Neaga I, Delbosc N, Wells M, Verdy L, Ansseau E, Vanden Eynde JJ, Belayew A, Bodoki E, Oprean R, Hambye S, Blankert B. Bioactive Aliphatic Polycarbonates Carrying Guanidinium Functions: An Innovative Approach for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18126-18135. [PMID: 31720515 PMCID: PMC6843715 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophia myotonica type 1 (DM1) results from nuclear sequestration of splicing factors by a messenger RNA (mRNA) harboring a large (CUG) n repeat array transcribed from the causal (CTG) n DNA amplification. Several compounds were previously shown to bind the (CUG) n RNA and release the splicing factors. We now investigated for the first time the interaction of an aliphatic polycarbonate carrying guanidinium functions to DM1 DNA/RNA model probes by affinity capillary electrophoresis. The apparent association constants (K a) were in the range described for reference compounds such as pentamidine. Further macromolecular engineering could improve association specificity. The polymer presented no toxicity in cell culture at concentrations of 1.6-100.0 μg/mL as evaluated both by MTT and real-time monitoring xCELLigence method. These promising results may lay the foundation for a new branch of potential therapeutic agents for DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Baroni
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory
of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research
in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University
of Mons. 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ioan Neaga
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu”
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolas Delbosc
- Laboratory
of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research
in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University
of Mons. 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Wells
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Verdy
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Eugénie Ansseau
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Belayew
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ede Bodoki
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu”
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Oprean
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu”
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stéphanie Hambye
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Blankert
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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10
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Miyabe K. Moment analysis for reaction kinetics of intermolecular interactions. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:3032-3039. [PMID: 30156042 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Moment equations were developed on the basis of the principle of relativity for analyzing elution peak profiles measured by ACE to analytically determine the association (ka ) and dissociation (kd ) rate constants of intermolecular interactions. Basic equations representing the mass balance, mass transfer rate, and reaction kinetics in ACE system in a Galilean coordinate system S were transformed to those in another coordinate system S', which imaginarily moved with respect to S. Moment equations for ACE peaks in S' in the time domain were derived from the analytical solution of the modified basic equations in the Laplace domain. Moment equations for ACE peaks in S were derived from those in S' by the inverse Galilean transformation. The moment equations were used for analyzing some ACE data previously published to determine ka and kd values. It was demonstrated that the moment equations were effective for extracting the information about affinity kinetics of intermolecular interactions from the elution peak profiles measured by ACE. The moment equations were also used to discuss the influence of mass transfer and reaction kinetics on ACE peak profiles. Some results of the numerical calculations are also indicated in Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Frontal analysis capillary electrophoresis: recent advances and future perspectives. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1143-1159. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The developments on frontal analysis capillary electrophoresis (FACE) from 2012 to 2017 to study interactions of simple and complex systems are reviewed. Most research papers focused on therapeutic drug-related studies; however, other studies include chemical sensing, drug delivery, inhibitor screening and capillary coating. New ligand–substrate systems such as template-molecularly imprinted polymer systems were reported. Comparison of FACE with other analytical techniques used to investigate binding interaction, and the determination of binding parameters using different isotherm models are also covered. In 2017, eight research papers were reported including new detection by ESI–MS. Future research direction of FACE may include high sensitivity detection and throughput screening of drugs, natural products and biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.
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12
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Affinity capillary electrophoresis for identification of active drug candidates in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4495-4507. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Davis TA, Patberg SM, Sargent LM, Stefaniak AB, Holland LA. Capillary electrophoresis analysis of affinity to assess carboxylation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1027:149-157. [PMID: 29866264 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface oxidation improves the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions and plays a key role in the development of biosensors, electrochemical detectors and polymer composites. Accurate characterization of the carbon nanotube surface is important because the development of these nano-based applications depends on the degree of functionalization, in particular the amount of carboxylation. Affinity capillary electrophoresis is used to characterize the oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. A polytryptophan peptide that contains a single arginine residue (WRWWWW) serves as a receptor in affinity capillary electrophoresis to assess the degree of carboxylation. The formation of peptide-nanotube receptor-ligand complex was detected with a UV absorbance detector. Apparent dissociation constants (KD) are obtained by observing the migration shift of the WRWWWW peptide through background electrolyte at increasing concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. A 20% relative standard deviation in method reproducibility and repeatability is determined with triplicate analysis within a single sample preparation and across multiple sample preparations for a commercially available carbon nanotube. Affinity capillary electrophoresis is applied to assess differences in degree of carboxylation across two manufacturers and to analyze acid treated carbon nanotubes. The results of these studies are compared to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and zeta potential. Affinity capillary electrophoresis comparisons of carbon nanotube samples prepared by varying acid treatment time from 30 min to 3 h yielded significant differences in degree of carboxylation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was inconclusive due to potential acid contamination, while zeta potential showed no change based on surface charge. This work is significant to research involving carbon nanotube-based applications because it provides a new metric to rapidly characterize carbon nanotubes obtained from different vendors, or synthesized in laboratories using different procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Davis
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Shannon M Patberg
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Linda M Sargent
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Aleksandr B Stefaniak
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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14
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Miyabe K, Suzuki N. Moment Analysis Theory for Size Exclusion Capillary Electrochromatography with Chemical Reaction of Intermolecular Interaction. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:1147-1154. [PMID: 28993589 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
New moment equations were developed for size exclusion capillary electrochromatography (SECEC), in which intermolecular chemical reactions simultaneously took place. They explain how the first absolute and second central moments of elution peaks are correlated with some fundamental equilibrium and kinetic parameters of mass transfer and chemical reaction in SECEC column. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the moment equations, they were used to predict chromatographic behavior under hypothetical SECEC conditions. It was quantitatively studied how the association and dissociation rate constants of intermolecular interaction affected the position and spreading of elution peaks. It was indicated that both the intermolecular reaction kinetics and axial dispersion of solute molecules in a capillary column had a predominant contribution to the band broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University
| | - Nozomu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University
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15
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Adam V, Vaculovicova M. Capillary electrophoresis and nanomaterials - Part I: Capillary electrophoresis of nanomaterials. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2389-2404. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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16
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Mozafari M, Balasupramaniam S, Preu L, El Deeb S, Reiter CG, Wätzig H. Using affinity capillary electrophoresis and computational models for binding studies of heparinoids with p-selectin and other proteins. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1560-1571. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mozafari
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | | | - Lutz Preu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | | | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
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17
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Ikeda M, Wakasaki R, Schenning KJ, Swide T, Lee JH, Miller MB, Choi HS, Anderson S, Hutchens MP. Determination of renal function and injury using near-infrared fluorimetry in experimental cardiorenal syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F629-F639. [PMID: 28077373 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00573.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 causes acute kidney injury but is poorly understood; animal models and diagnostic aids are lacking. Robust noninvasive measurements of glomerular filtration rate are required for injury models and clinical use. Several have been described but are untested in translational models and suffer from biologic interference. We developed a mouse model of cardiorenal syndrome and tested the novel near-infrared fluorophore ZW800-1 to assess renal and cardiac function. We performed murine cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation followed by transthoracic echocardiography, 2 and 24 h later. Transcutaneous fluorescence of ZW800-1 bolus dispersion and clearance was assessed with whole animal imaging and compared with glomerular filtration rate (GFR; inulin clearance), tubular cell death (using unbiased stereology), and serum creatinine. Correlation, Bland-Altman, and polar analyses were used to compare GFR with ZW800-1 clearance. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation caused reversible cardiac failure, halving fractional shortening of the left ventricle (n = 12, P = 0.03). Acute kidney injury resulted with near-zero GFR and sixfold increase in serum creatinine 24 h later (n = 16, P < 0.01). ZW800-1 biodistribution and clearance were exclusively renal. ZW800-1 t1/2 and clearance correlated with GFR (r = 0.92, n = 31, P < 0.0001). ZW800-1 fluorescence was reduced in cardiac arrest, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation-treated mice compared with sham animals 810 s after injection (P < 0.01) and bolus time-dispersion curves demonstrated that ZW800-1 fluorescence dispersion correlated with left ventricular function (r = 0.74, P < 0.01). Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation lead to experimental cardiorenal syndrome type 1. ZW800-1, a small near-infrared fluorophore being developed for clinical intraoperative imaging, is favorable for evaluating cardiac and renal function noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuko Ikeda
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rumie Wakasaki
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Katie J Schenning
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Swide
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeong Heon Lee
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - M Bernie Miller
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sharon Anderson
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael P Hutchens
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;
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18
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Miyabe K, Suzuki N, Shimazaki Y. Determination of Association and Dissociation Rate Constants in an Inclusion Complex System between Thymol and Sulfated-β-cyclodextrin by Moment Analysis - Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Miyabe K, Suzuki N. Kinetic Study of Solute Permeation across Surfactant Micelle/Bulk Solvent Interface by Moment Analysis - Chromatographic Capillary Electrophoresis (MA-CCE). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Dubský P, Dvořák M, Ansorge M. Affinity capillary electrophoresis: the theory of electromigration. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8623-8641. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Miyabe K, Suzuki N. Moment Analysis Theory for Kinetic Study of Intermolecular Interaction by Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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High kinetic stability of Zn(II) coordinated by the tris(histidine) unit of carbonic anhydrase towards solvolytic dissociation studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 161:122-7. [PMID: 27235274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Solvolytic dissociation rate constants (kd) of bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA) and its metallovariants (M-CAs, M=Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II)) were estimated by a ligand substitution reaction, which was monitored by affinity capillary electrophoresis to selectively detect the undissociated CAs in the reaction mixture. Using EDTA as the competing ligand for Zn-CA, the dissociation followed the unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN1) mechanism with kd=1.0×10(-7)s(-1) (pH7.4, 25°C). The corresponding solvolysis half-life (t1/2) was 80days, showing the exceptionally high kinetic stability of t Zn-CA, in contrast to the highly labile [Zn(II)(H2O)6](2+), where the water exchange rate (kex) is high. This behavior is attributed to the tetrahedral coordination geometry supported by the tris(histidine) unit (His3) of CA. In the case of Co-CA, it showed a somewhat larger kd value (5.7×10(-7)s(-1), pH7.4, 25°C) even though it shares the same tetrahedral coordination environment with Zn-CA, suggesting that the d(7) electronic configuration of Co(II) in the transition state of the dissociation is stabilized by the ligand field. Among M-CAs, only Ni-CA showed a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction path in its reaction with EDTA, implying that the large coordination number (6) of Ni(II) in Ni-CA allows EDTA to form an EDTA-Ni-CA intermediate. Overall, kd values roughly correlated with kex values among M-CAs, with the kd value of Zn-CA deviating strongly from the trend and highlighting the exceptionally high kinetic stabilization of Zn-CA by the His3 unit.
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Miyabe K, Takahashi R, Shimazaki Y. Kinetic Study of Interaction between Solute Molecule and Surfactant Micelle. ANAL SCI 2016; 31:1019-25. [PMID: 26460366 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed moment analysis of affinity kinetics by chromatographic capillary electrophoresis (MKCCE) method for the kinetic study of intermolecular interactions. Association and dissociation rate constants of the interaction in a micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) system between thymol and sodium dodecylsulfate micelle were determined by the MKCCE method. It is a method based on the moment theory for the kinetic study of intermolecular interactions under the conditions that neither immobilization nor chemical modification of molecules is required. In CCE mode, experimental conditions are controlled so that the migration of solute-micelle complex is stopped and only solute molecules migrate in a capillary. Mass transfer behavior of solute molecules in the CCE system is analogous to that in a chromatographic system. However, because it was difficult in practice to really perform CE experiments under the CCE conditions, CE data were measured with changing experimental conditions, i.e., applied pressure, under the conditions that the migration velocity of solute-micelle complex was around zero. The rate constants could be analytically determined from the CE data. In the MKCCE method, it is not necessary to fit elution curves numerically calculated to those experimentally measured for the determination of the rate constants. Regarding the interaction between thymol and SDS micelles, association equilibrium constant and association and dissociation rate constants were determined as 6.35 × 10(3) dm(3) mol(-1), 5.6 × 10(4) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1), and 8.7 s(-1), respectively. It was demonstrated that the MKCCE method was effective for the kinetic study of intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University
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Miyabe K, Shimazaki Y. Moment Analysis of Affinity Kinetics in Inclusion Complex System between Thymol and Sulfated-β-cyclodextrin by Chromatographic Capillary Electrophoresis (CCE). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University
| | - Youki Shimazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University
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25
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Abstract
The present review covers recent advances and important applications of affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE). It provides an overview about various ACE types, including ACE-MS, the multiple injection mode, the use of microchips and field-amplified sample injection-ACE. The most common scenarios of the studied affinity interactions are protein-drug, protein-metal ion, protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-carbohydrate, carbohydrate-drug, peptide-peptide, DNA-drug and antigen-antibody. Approaches for the improvements of ACE in term of precision, rinsing protocols and sensitivity are discussed. The combined use of computer simulation programs to support data evaluation is presented. In conclusion, the performance of ACE is compared with other techniques such as equilibrium dialysis, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, high-performance affinity chromatography as well as surface plasmon resonance, ultraviolet, circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, fluorescence, MS and isothermal titration calorimetry.
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26
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Capillary electrophoretic methods applied to the investigation of peptide complexes. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2708-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
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27
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Sato Y, Hoshino H, Iki N. Thermodynamics of binding of a sulfonamide inhibitor to metal-mutated carbonic anhydrase as studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 150:133-8. [PMID: 26112153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
By affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), the thermodynamic binding constants of a sulfonamide (SA) inhibitor to bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA) and metal mutated variants (M-CAs) were evaluated. 1-(4-Aminosulfonylphenylazo)-2-naphthol-6,8-disulfonate was used as the SA in the electrophoretic buffer for ACE. The Scatchard analysis of the dependence of the electrophoretic mobility of native CA on the SA concentration provided the binding constant to be Kb=(2.29±0.05)×10(6) M(-1) (at pH8.4, 25°C). On the other hand, apoCA showed far smaller value [Kb=(3.76±0.14)×10(2) M(-1)], suggesting that the coordination of SA to the Zn(II) center controlled the binding thermodynamics. The ACE of M-CAs showed the same behaviors as native CA but with different Kb values. For example, Co-CA adopting the same tetrahedral coordination geometry as native CA exhibited the largest Kb value [(2.55±0.05)×10(6) M(-1)] among the M-CAs. In contrast, Mn- and Ni-CA, which adopted the octahedral coordination geometry, had Kb values that were about two orders of magnitude lower. Because the hydrophobic cavity of CA around the active center pre-organized the orientation of SA, thereby fixing the ligating NH(-) moiety to the apex of the tetrahedron supported by three basal His3 of CA, metals such as Zn and Co at the center of M-CA gave the most stable CA-SA complex. However, pre-organization was not favored for octahedral geometry. Thus, pre-organization of SA was the key to facilitating the tetrahedral coordination geometry of the Zn(II) active center of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sato
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hoshino
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Iki
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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28
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Zhang Y, Li L, Huang H, Xu L, Li Z, Bai Y, Liu H. Binding constant determination of uranyl-citrate complex by ACE using a multi-injection method. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1033-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Zhang
- Beijing; National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Linnan Li
- Beijing; National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hexiang Huang
- Sichuan Institute of Materials and Technology; Mianyang P. R. China
| | - Linnan Xu
- Beijing; National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ze Li
- Beijing; National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing; National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing; National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
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Studying glycosaminoglycan-protein interactions using capillary electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1229:355-75. [PMID: 25325965 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1714-3_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Methods for studying interactions between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteins have assumed considerable significance as their biological importance increases. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful method to study these interactions due to its speed, high efficiency, and low sample/reagent consumption. In addition, CE works effectively under a wide range of physiologically relevant conditions. This chapter presents state-of-the-art on CE methods for studying GAG-protein interactions including affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), frontal analysis (FA)/frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis (FACCE), and capillary electrokinetic chromatography (CEC) with detailed experimental protocols for ACE and CZE methods.
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30
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Křížek T, Kubíčková A, Hladílková J, Coufal P, Heyda J, Jungwirth P. Electrophoretic mobilities of neutral analytes and electroosmotic flow markers in aqueous solutions of Hofmeister salts. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:617-24. [PMID: 24338984 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Small neutral organic compounds have traditionally the role of EOF markers in electrophoresis, as they are expected to have zero electrophoretic mobility in external electric fields. The BGE contains, however, ions that have unequal affinities to the neutral molecules, which in turn results in their mobilization. In this study we focused on two EOF markers-thiourea and DMSO, as well as on N-methyl acetamide (NMA) as a model of the peptide bond. By means of CE and all atom molecular dynamics simulations we explored mobilization of these neutral compounds in large set of Hofmeister salts. Employing a statistical mechanics approach, we were able to reproduce by simulations the experimental electrophoretic mobility coefficients. We also established the role of the chemical composition of marker and the BGE on the measured electrophoretic mobility coefficient. For NMA, we interpreted the results in terms of the relative affinities of cations versus anions to the peptide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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31
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Kanoatov M, Cherney LT, Krylov SN. Extracting Kinetics from Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis (ACE) Data: A New Blade for the Old Tool. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1298-305. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4038976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirzo Kanoatov
- Department
of Chemistry and
Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Leonid T. Cherney
- Department
of Chemistry and
Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sergey N. Krylov
- Department
of Chemistry and
Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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32
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Kono H, Onishi K, Nakamura T. Characterization and bisphenol A adsorption capacity of β-cyclodextrin–carboxymethylcellulose-based hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:784-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Kuehnbaum NL, Britz-McKibbin P. New Advances in Separation Science for Metabolomics: Resolving Chemical Diversity in a Post-Genomic Era. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2437-68. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300484s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L. Kuehnbaum
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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34
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Choi HS, Gibbs SL, Lee JH, Kim SH, Ashitate Y, Liu F, Hyun H, Park G, Xie Y, Bae S, Henary M, Frangioni JV. Targeted zwitterionic near-infrared fluorophores for improved optical imaging. Nat Biotechnol 2013; 31:148-53. [PMID: 23292608 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The signal-to-background ratio (SBR) is the key determinant of sensitivity, detectability and linearity in optical imaging. As signal strength is often constrained by fundamental limits, background reduction becomes an important approach for improving the SBR. We recently reported that a zwitterionic near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore, ZW800-1, exhibits low background. Here we show that this fluorophore provides a much-improved SBR when targeted to cancer cells or proteins by conjugation with a cyclic RGD peptide, fibrinogen or antibodies. ZW800-1 outperforms the commercially available NIR fluorophores IRDye800-CW and Cy5.5 in vitro for immunocytometry, histopathology and immunoblotting and in vivo for image-guided surgery. In tumor model systems, a tumor-to-background ratio of 17.2 is achieved at 4 h after injection of ZW800-1 conjugated to cRGD compared to ratios of 5.1 with IRDye800-CW and 2.7 with Cy5.5. Our results suggest that introducing zwitterionic properties into targeted fluorophores may be a general strategy for improving the SBR in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Soo Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Au KM, Armes SP. Heterocoagulation as a facile route to prepare stable serum albumin-nanoparticle conjugates for biomedical applications: synthetic protocols and mechanistic insights. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8261-8279. [PMID: 22913736 DOI: 10.1021/nn302968j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in using serum albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, as a stabilizing agent in the context of nanomedicine. Using poly(vinyl amine)-stabilized polypyrrole nanoparticles as an example, we report a facile generic route to prepare serum albumin-nanoparticle conjugates via heterocoagulation. Time-resolved dynamic light scattering (DLS), disk centrifuge photosedimentometry (DCP), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy studies confirm that bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbs rapidly onto the cationic poly(vinyl amine)-stabilized polypyrrole nanoparticles and suggest that the initial well-defined protein coronal is subsequently cross-linked via thiol-disulfide exchange. These BSA-nanoparticle conjugates were further characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), aqueous electrophoresis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). They exhibit excellent long-term colloidal stability under physiological conditions without further purification, suggesting strong irreversible adsorption by the BSA. Protein adsorption appears to be co-operative and both thermodynamic and mechanistic aspects were examined via aqueous electrophoresis, DCP, and DLS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Man Au
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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36
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Bi X, Yu J, Li L, Jiang H, Huang F, Liu Z. Spatio-temporally resolved detection on a microfluidic chip for monitoring the dynamic processes of molecular events. Analyst 2012; 137:4016-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35650c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Choi HS, Nasr K, Alyabyev S, Feith D, Lee JH, Kim SH, Ashitate Y, Hyun H, Patonay G, Strekowski L, Henary M, Frangioni JV. Synthesis and in vivo fate of zwitterionic near-infrared fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6258-63. [PMID: 21656624 PMCID: PMC3128676 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hak Soo Choi
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Khaled Nasr
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Sergey Alyabyev
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Dina Feith
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Jeong Heon Lee
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Soon Hee Kim
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Yoshitomo Ashitate
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Hoon Hyun
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Gabor Patonay
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Lucjan Strekowski
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Maged Henary
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - John V. Frangioni
- H.S. Choi, Ph.D., K. Nasr, Ph.D., D. Feith, M.S., J.H. Lee, B.S., S.H. Kim, Ph.D., Y. Ashitate, M.D., H. Hyun, Ph.D., J.V. Frangioni, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SLB-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. S. Alyabyev, Ph.D., G. Patonay, Ph.D., L. Strekowski, Ph.D., M. Henary, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. S.H. Kim, Ph.D., WCU Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
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Ehala S, Toman P, Makrlík E, Rathore R, Kašička V. Affinity capillary electrophoresis and density functional theory applied to binding constant determination and structure elucidation of hexaarylbenzene-based receptor complex with ammonium cation. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4982-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Choi HS, Nasr K, Alyabyev S, Feith D, Lee JH, Kim SH, Ashitate Y, Hyun H, Patonay G, Strekowski L, Henary M, Frangioni JV. Synthesis and In Vivo Fate of Zwitterionic Near-Infrared Fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stabilization mechanism of oil-in-water emulsions by β-lactoglobulin and gum arabic. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 354:467-77. [PMID: 21145063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions were formulated using β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), gum arabic (GA), and β-lg:GA solutions as an alternative to synthetic surfactants. Emulsions using these biopolymers and their complexes were formulated varying the biopolymer total concentration, the protein-to-polysaccharide ratio, and the emulsification protocol. This work showed that whereas β-lg enabled the formulation of emulsions at concentration as low as 0.5 (w/w)%, GA allowed to obtain emulsions at concentrations equal to or higher than 2.5 (w/w)%. In order to improve emulsion stability, β-lg and GA were complexed through strong attractive electrostatic interactions. GA solution had to be added to previously prepared β-lg emulsions in order to obtain stable emulsions. Interfacial tension and interfacial rheological measurements allowed a better understanding of the possible stabilizing mechanism. β-lg and GA both induced a very effective decrease in interfacial tension and showed interfacial elastic behaviour. In the mixed system, β-lg adsorbed at the interface and GA electrostatically bound to it, leading to the formation of a bi-layer stabilized emulsion. However, emulsion stability was not improved compared to β-lg stabilized emulsion, probably due to depletion or bridging flocculation.
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Vuignier K, Schappler J, Veuthey JL, Carrupt PA, Martel S. Drug-protein binding: a critical review of analytical tools. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:53-66. [PMID: 20454782 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The extent of drug binding to plasma proteins, determined by measuring the free active fraction, has a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug. It is therefore highly important to estimate drug-binding ability to these macromolecules in the early stages of drug discovery and in clinical practice. Traditionally, equilibrium dialysis is used, and is presented as the reference method, but it suffers from many drawbacks. In an attempt to circumvent these, a vast array of different methods has been developed. This review focuses on the most important approaches used to characterize drug-protein binding. A description of the principle of each method with its inherent strengths and weaknesses is outlined. The binding affinity ranges, information accessibility, material consumption, and throughput are compared for each method. Finally, a discussion is included to help users choose the most suitable approach from among the wealth of methods presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Vuignier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai E-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Ehala S, Makrlík E, Toman P, Kašička V. ACE applied to the quantitative characterization of benzo-18-crown-6-ether binding with alkali metal ions in a methanol-water solvent system. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:702-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Scott A, Phillips C, Alex A, Flocco M, Bent A, Randall A, O'Brien R, Damian L, Jones L. Thermodynamic Optimisation in Drug Discovery: A Case Study using Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1985-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhao H, Huang C, Wu L, Shen S, Qin Z. Resonance Light Scattering Method to Determine Binding Ratio and Functional Affinity Constant of Antigen/Antibody Immunoreaction. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710902961099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang Z, Lv ZH, Jiang TF, Wang YH. Affinity CE Determination of the Binding Constant of Bioactive Sulfated Polysaccharide 916 to Human Serum Albumin. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Liang A, Raghuraman A, Desai UR. Capillary electrophoretic study of small, highly sulfated, non-sugar molecules interacting with antithrombin. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1544-51. [PMID: 19425011 PMCID: PMC2755545 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Affinity CE (ACE) was used to study interactions of small, highly sulfated, aromatic molecules with antithrombin (AT). The high charge density of the small molecules induces differential migration of the complex resulting in a versatile method of assessing binding affinities, nature of interactions and site of binding on the inhibitor. Scatchard analysis of the interaction of three tetrahydroisoquinoline-based polysulfated molecules with AT results in monophasic profiles with affinities in the range of 40-60 microM in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. For a pentasulfated molecule, a biphasic profile with affinities of 4.7 and 30 microM was observed. Measurement of K(D) as a function of ionic strength of the medium indicated that ionic and non-ionic forces contribute 2.4 and 1.9 kcal/mol, respectively, at pH 7.4 and 100 mM NaCl. Competitive binding studies showed that the tetrahydroisoquinoline-based molecules do not compete with a high-affinity heparin pentasaccharide. In contrast, the affinity of these tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives decreases dramatically in the presence of an extended heparin-binding site ligand. Overall, ACE analysis of small, sulfated aromatic molecules interacting with AT is relatively easy and obviates the need for an external signal, e.g. fluorescence, for monitoring the interaction. In addition to affording biochemical knowledge, the small sample requirement and fast analysis time of ACE could be particularly advantageous for high-throughput screening of potential anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiye Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219
| | - Arjun Raghuraman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219
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Chen Z, Weber SG. Determination of binding constants by affinity capillary electrophoresis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and phase-distribution methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2008; 27:738-748. [PMID: 19802330 PMCID: PMC2600677 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many methods for determining intermolecular interactions have been described in the literature in the past several decades. Chief among them are methods based on spectroscopic changes, particularly those based on absorption or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [especially proton NMR ((1)H NMR)]. Recently, there have been put forward several new methods that are particularly adaptable, use very small quantities of material, and do not place severe requirements on the spectroscopic properties of the binding partners. This review covers new developments in affinity capillary electrophoresis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and phasetransfer methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stephen G. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Lassen KS, Bradbury ARM, Rehfeld JF, Heegaard NHH. Microscale characterization of the binding specificity and affinity of a monoclonal antisulfotyrosyl IgG antibody. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2557-64. [PMID: 18494034 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sulfation is a potentially important post-translational modification of proteins and has been demonstrated in a number of polypeptides, notably in gastrointestinal hormones. In contrast to phosphorylation, however, the investigation of sulfation patterns in tissues and on purified proteins has been complicated by the absence of specific immunoreagents (antibodies) for this modification as well as the chemical lability of the sulfate group. Here, we investigate the properties of a novel mAb against sulfated tyrosyl groups (anti-Tyr(SO(3)H) antibody) using CE and a panel of sulfated and nonsulfated peptides and proteins. The data show that the anti-Tyr(SO(3)H) antibody is completely specific for compounds containing sulfated tyrosyls. Affinity electrophoresis experiments allowed us to estimate dissociation constants for sulfated hirudin fragment (56-65), gastrin-17, and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) in the 1-3 microM range. The affinity of the antibody toward complement 4 protein that contains three sulfotyrosines was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance technology and modeled according to a bivalent-binding model which yielded a K(d1) of 20.1 microM for the monovalent complex. The same binding was studied by CE and found to be in the micromolar scale albeit with some uncertainty due to complex separation patterns. The work illustrates the amount of information on antibody-antigen interactions that may be obtained with microelectrophoretic methods consuming minute quantities of material. Furthermore the specificity of this antibody could be confirmed in one operation using an array of sulfated and nonsulfated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus S Lassen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Immunological Development, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
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