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Zeid AM, Mostafa IM, Lou B, Xu G. Advances in miniaturized nanosensing platforms for analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4160-4172. [PMID: 37668185 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00674c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria and viruses are the main causes of infectious diseases all over the world. Early diagnosis of such infectious diseases is a critical step in management of their spread and treatment of the infection in its early stages. Therefore, the innovation of smart sensing platforms for point-of-care diagnosis of life-threatening infectious diseases such as COVID-19 is a prerequisite to isolate the patients and provide them with suitable treatment strategies. The developed diagnostic sensors should be highly sensitive, specific, ultrafast, portable, cheap, label-free, and selective. In recent years, different nanosensors have been developed for the detection of bacterial and viral pathogens. We focus here on label-free miniaturized nanosensing platforms that were efficiently applied for pathogenic detection in biological matrices. Such devices include nanopore sensors and nanostructure-integrated lab-on-a-chip sensors that are characterized by portability, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ultrafast analysis because they avoid the time-consuming sample preparation steps. Furthermore, nanopore-based sensors could afford single-molecule counting of viruses in biological specimens, yielding high-sensitivity and high-accuracy detection. Moreover, non-invasive nanosensors that are capable of detecting volatile organic compounds emitted from the diseased organ to the skin, urine, or exhaled breath were also reviewed. The merits and applications of all these nanosensors for analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in biological matrices will be discussed in detail, emphasizing the importance of artificial intelligence in advancing specific nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M Zeid
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Islam M Mostafa
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Baohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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2
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Zeid AM, Abdussalam A, Hanif S, Anjum S, Lou B, Xu G. Recent advances in microchip electrophoresis for analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:15-34. [PMID: 35689426 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Life-threatening diseases, such as hepatitis B, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and COVID-19, are widespread due to pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the development of highly sensitive, rapid, portable, cost-effective, and selective methods for the analysis of such microorganisms is a great challenge. Microchip electrophoresis (ME) has been widely used in recent years for the analysis of bacterial and viral pathogens in biological and environmental samples owing to its portability, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and rapid analysis. However, microbial enrichment and purification are critical steps for accurate and sensitive analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in complex matrices. Therefore, we first discussed the advances in the sample preparation technologies associated with the accurate analysis of such microorganisms, especially the on-chip microfluidic-based sample preparations such as dielectrophoresis and microfluidic membrane filtration. Thereafter, we focused on the recent advances in the lab-on-a-chip electrophoretic analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in different complex matrices. As the microbial analysis is mainly based on the analysis of nucleic acid of the microorganism, the integration of nucleic acid-based amplification techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, and multiplex PCR with ME will result in an accurate and sensitive analysis of microbial pathogens. Such analyses are very important for the point-of-care diagnosis of various infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M Zeid
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abubakar Abdussalam
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China.,College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Saima Hanif
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saima Anjum
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Baohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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3
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Conventional and Microfluidic Methods for the Detection of Nucleic Acid of SARS-CoV-2. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040636. [PMID: 35457940 PMCID: PMC9031662 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid testing (NAT) played a crucial role in containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the epidemic. The gold standard technique, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique, is currently used by the government and medical boards to detect SARS-CoV-2. Due to the limitations of this technology, it is not capable of meeting the needs of large-scale rapid detection. To solve this problem, many new techniques for detecting nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported. Therefore, a review that systematically and comprehensively introduces and compares various detection technologies is needed. In this paper, we not only review the traditional NAT but also provide an overview of microfluidic-based NAT technologies and summarize and discuss the characteristics and development prospects of these techniques.
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Homayoonnia S, Lee Y, Andalib D, Rahman MS, Shin J, Kim K, Kim S. Micro/nanotechnology-inspired rapid diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 11:335-365. [PMID: 34513114 PMCID: PMC8424173 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have suffered from a variety of infectious diseases since a long time ago, and now a new infectious disease called COVID-19 is prevalent worldwide. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to research of the effective methods of diagnosing respiratory infectious diseases, which are important to reduce infection rate and help the spread of diseases be controlled. The onset of COVID-19 has led to the further development of existing diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Furthermore, this has contributed to the further development of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods, which have advantages of high-throughput testing, effectiveness in terms of cost and space, and portability compared to conventional diagnosis methods. Micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods can be largely classified into (1) nanomaterials-based, (2) micromaterials-based, and (3) micro/nanodevice-based. This review paper describes how micro/nanotechnologies have been exploited to diagnose respiratory infectious diseases in each section. The research and development of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostics should be further explored and advanced as new infectious diseases continue to emerge. Only a handful of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods has been commercialized so far and there still are opportunities to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Homayoonnia
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Yoonjung Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Daniyal Andalib
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Md Sazzadur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jaemyung Shin
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Seonghwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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5
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Diagnostic Techniques for COVID-19: A Mini-review of Early Diagnostic Methods. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021; 5:314-326. [PMID: 34631199 PMCID: PMC8488931 DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of severe pneumonia at the end of 2019 was proved to be caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading out the world. And COVID-19 spread rapidly through a terrible transmission way by human-to-human, which led to many suspected cases waiting to be diagnosed and huge daily samples needed to be tested by an effective and rapid detection method. With an increasing number of COVID-19 infections, medical pressure is severe. Therefore, more efficient and accurate diagnosis methods were keen urgently established. In this review, we summarized several methods that can rapidly and sensitively identify COVID-19; some of them are widely used as the diagnostic techniques for SARS-CoV-2 in various countries, some diagnostic technologies refer to SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) or/and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) detection, which may provide potential diagnosis ideas.
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Ortega C, Corredor D, Santillán M, Ger W, Noceda J, Pais-Chanfrau J, Trujillo L. Lab on a Chip: Bioreactors miniaturization for rapid optimization of biomedical processes and its impact on SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.03.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lab on a Chip (LoC) as part of Microbioreactors (MBRs) constitute an emergent technology to carry out micro-bioprocesses based on microfluidics research. In this review, the usefulness of LoCs is exposed since its inception, demonstrating that it is a multidisciplinary research field, gathering different science branches to develop this technology. As a result, a beneficial point of advancement is reached, producing useful consumables for humanity. Some of the described LoCs throughout this work are also used to detect infectious diseases caused by bacteria or viruses, allowing accelerated studies on emerging or high-impact diseases, such as COVID-19. Here are also displayed with an updated panorama, different strategies to improve the use, applications in the biomedical field, and spread of these devices aimed at their availability to solve social problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.P. Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Laboratorio Multidisciplinario, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - D.A Corredor
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Laboratorio Multidisciplinario, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - M.E Santillán
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Laboratorio Multidisciplinario, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - W.S Ger
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Laboratorio Multidisciplinario, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - J.M Noceda
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Laboratorio Multidisciplinario, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador Grupo de Investigación de Biotecnología Industrial y Bioproductos Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología – CENCINAT, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - J.M Pais-Chanfrau
- Grupo de Investigación de Biotecnología Industrial y Bioproductos Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología – CENCINAT, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador FICAYA, Universidad Técnica del Norte (UTN), Ibarra, Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - L.E Trujillo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Laboratorio Multidisciplinario, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador. Grupo de Investigación de Biotecnología Industrial y Bioproductos Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología – CENCINAT, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
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7
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Wang C, Liu M, Wang Z, Li S, Deng Y, He N. Point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases: From methods to devices. NANO TODAY 2021; 37:101092. [PMID: 33584847 PMCID: PMC7864790 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The current widespread of COVID-19 all over the world, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has again emphasized the importance of development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for timely prevention and control of the pandemic. Compared with labor- and time-consuming traditional diagnostic methods, POC diagnostics exhibit several advantages such as faster diagnostic speed, better sensitivity and specificity, lower cost, higher efficiency and ability of on-site detection. To achieve POC diagnostics, developing POC detection methods and correlated POC devices is the key and should be given top priority. The fast development of microfluidics, micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, nanotechnology and materials science, have benefited the production of a series of portable, miniaturized, low cost and highly integrated POC devices for POC diagnostics of various infectious diseases. In this review, various POC detection methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, including electrochemical biosensors, fluorescence biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensors, colorimetric biosensors, chemiluminiscence biosensors, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors, and magnetic biosensors, were first summarized. Then, recent progresses in the development of POC devices including lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices, lab-on-a-disc (LOAD) devices, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), lateral flow devices, miniaturized PCR devices, and isothermal nucleic acid amplification (INAA) devices, were systematically discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for the design and development of POC detection methods and correlated devices were presented. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide new insights and directions for the future development of POC diagnostics for the management of infectious diseases and contribute to the prevention and control of infectious pandemics like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
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8
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Taleghani N, Taghipour F. Diagnosis of COVID-19 for controlling the pandemic: A review of the state-of-the-art. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 174:112830. [PMID: 33339696 PMCID: PMC7694563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, health organizations and countries around the world are struggling to completely control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Scientists and researchers are developing tests for the rapid detection of individuals who may carry the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while striving to find a suitable vaccine to immunize healthy individuals. As there are clinically reported cases of asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2, fast and accurate diagnosis plays an important role in the control and further prevention of this disease. Herein, we present recent technologies and techniques that have been implemented for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We summarize the methods created by different research institutes as well as the commercial devices and kits developed by companies for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The description of the existing methods is followed by highlighting their advantages and challenges. Finally, we propose some promising techniques that could potentially be applied to the detection of SARS-CoV-2, and tracing the asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 rapidly and accurately in the early stages of infection, based on reviewing the research studies on the detection of similar infectious viruses, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Taleghani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fariborz Taghipour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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9
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Ezhilan M, Suresh I, Nesakumar N. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2: A Diagnostic Challenge. MEASUREMENT : JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MEASUREMENT CONFEDERATION 2021; 168:108335. [PMID: 33519010 PMCID: PMC7833337 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The highly pathogenic MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 cause acute respiratory syndrome and are often fatal. These new viruses pose major problems to global health in general and primarily to infection control and public health services. Accurate and selective assessment of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 would assist in the effective diagnosis of infected individual, offer clinical guidance and aid in assessing clinical outcomes. In this mini-review, we review the literature on various aspects, including the history and diversity of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, their detection methods in effective clinical diagnosis, clinical assessment of COVID-19, safety guidelines recommended by World Health Organization and legal regulations. This review article also deals with existing challenges and difficulties in the clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Developing alternative diagnostic platforms by spotting the shortcomings of the existing point-of-care diagnostic devices would be useful in preventing future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeshwari Ezhilan
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Indhu Suresh
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Berkenbrock JA, Grecco-Machado R, Achenbach S. Microfluidic devices for the detection of viruses: aspects of emergency fabrication during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20200398. [PMID: 33363440 PMCID: PMC7735301 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive testing of populations against COVID-19 has been suggested as a game-changer quest to control the spread of this contagious disease and to avoid further disruption in our social, healthcare and economical systems. Nonetheless, testing millions of people for a new virus brings about quite a few challenges. The development of effective tests for the new coronavirus has become a worldwide task that relies on recent discoveries and lessons learned from past outbreaks. In this work, we review the most recent publications on microfluidics devices for the detection of viruses. The topics of discussion include different detection approaches, methods of signalling and fabrication techniques. Besides the miniaturization of traditional benchtop detection assays, approaches such as electrochemical analyses, field-effect transistors and resistive pulse sensors are considered. For emergency fabrication of quick test kits, the local capabilities must be evaluated, and the joint work of universities, industries, and governments seems to be an unequivocal necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alvim Berkenbrock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rafaela Grecco-Machado
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sven Achenbach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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11
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Habibi R, He V, Ghavamian S, de Marco A, Lee TH, Aguilar MI, Zhu D, Lim R, Neild A. Exosome trapping and enrichment using a sound wave activated nano-sieve (SWANS). LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3633-3643. [PMID: 32901635 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a form of extracellular vesicle, are an important precursor in regenerative medicine. Microfluidic methods exist to capture these sub-micrometer sized objects from small quantities of sample, ideal for multiple diagnostic applications. To address the challenge of extraction from large volumes, we use the visual access offered by microfluidic techniques to probe the physical mechanisms behind a method which is compatible with future upscaling. The sound wave actuated nano-sieve uses resonant modes in a packed bed of microparticles to exert trapping forces on nanoparticles. Here, we examine the role of the microparticle size, demonstrating better performance from 15 μm particles than 7 μm particles. When applied to biological samples, we demonstrate for the first time that a packed bed of these larger particles is capable of capturing exosomes and liposomes, the captured particles being on average 20 to 40 times smaller than the pores within the trapped bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Habibi
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia.
| | - Vincent He
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia.
| | - Sara Ghavamian
- Applied Micro and Nano Technology Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia
| | - Alex de Marco
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia
| | - Tzong-Hsien Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria - Australia and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria - Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria - Australia and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria - Australia
| | - Adrian Neild
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria - Australia.
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12
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Basiri A, Heidari A, Nadi MF, Fallahy MTP, Nezamabadi SS, Sedighi M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Microfluidic devices for detection of RNA viruses. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:1-11. [PMID: 32844526 PMCID: PMC7460878 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a long way to go before the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) outbreak comes under control. qRT‐PCR is currently used for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the causative agent of Covid‐19, but it is expensive, time‐consuming, and not as sensitive as it should be. Finding a rapid, easy‐to‐use, and cheap diagnostic method is necessary to help control the current outbreak. Microfluidic systems provide a platform for many diagnostic tests, including RT‐PCR, RT‐LAMP, nested‐PCR, nucleic acid hybridization, ELISA, fluorescence‐Based Assays, rolling circle amplification, aptamers, sample preparation multiplexer (SPM), Porous Silicon Nanowire Forest, silica sol‐gel coating/bonding, and CRISPR. They promise faster, cheaper, and easy‐to‐use methods with higher sensitivity, so microfluidic devices have a high potential to be an alternative method for the detection of viral RNA. These devices have previously been used to detect RNA viruses such as H1N1, Zika, HAV, HIV, and norovirus, with acceptable results. This paper provides an overview of microfluidic systems as diagnostic methods for RNA viruses with a focus on SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefeh Basiri
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Heidari
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melina Farshbaf Nadi
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taha Pahlevan Fallahy
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Salehi Nezamabadi
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sedighi
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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13
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Zhong R, Liu S, Wang X, Zhang G, Gong N, Wang M, Sun Y. A real-time isothermal amplification based portable microfluidic system for simple and reliable detection of Vibrio splendidus. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2985-2994. [PMID: 32930158 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spread of infectious diseases among aquaculture species has a serious impact on the aquaculture industry. Simple, specific and low-cost detection methods are urgently needed for early diagnosis and timely treatment, particularly for on-site identifying and tracking of pathogens. Vibrio splendidus (V. splendidus) is regarded as one of the main pathogenic bacteria causing skin ulcerative syndrome in cultured sea cucumbers, leading to massive mortality and severe economic losses. We herein present a microfluidic-based real-time fluorogenic loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system for simple and reliable detection of V. splendidus. A LAMP primer set with six primers (arsB1) specifically targeting the arsB gene of V. splendidus was successfully designed and tested on the portable microfluidic system for the first time. Only a single step of sample loading using a pipette is required to fill an array of reaction wells (with 10 or 18 wells) in a disposable chip for multiplex detection. A dedicated plastic shell is then utilized to tightly seal the openings of the chip by buckling to prevent contamination and evaporation. Up to four chips (one sample per chip) can be held in the stand-alone and inexpensive microdevice simultaneously, enabling on-demand detection of multiple samples in a single run. Reproducible (relatively low intra- and inter-chip variability) and sensitive (as few as ∼20 CFU, Colony-Forming Units, per reaction well) on-chip arsB1-LAMP assay was demonstrated by using diluted lysate of V. splendidus. A linear standard curve (R2 > 0.98) was attained over the template concentration range of 5 × 103 to 5 × 106 CFU mL-1. V. splendidus can be detected in samples containing different bacteria, indicating the feasibility of the portable microfluidic LAMP system for parallel detection of multiple bacterial pathogens. The proposed on-chip LAMP assay is simple to operate, reliable for amplification, flexible in detection and cost-effective in instrumentation and testing, holding great potential for on-site rapid detection and routine monitoring of aquaculture pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runtao Zhong
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Shilin Liu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Dalian University, Dalian Economic & Technical Development Zone, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Beijing Baicare Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Gong
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
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14
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Frazer JS, Shard A, Herdman J. Involvement of the open-source community in combating the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic: a review. J Med Eng Technol 2020; 44:169-176. [PMID: 32401550 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2020.1757772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in the modern age both due to its scale and its disruption to daily life throughout the world. Widespread social isolation and restrictions in the age of modern communicative technology, coupled with some early successes for makers, have united the open-source community towards a common goal in a way not previously seen. Local hospitals and care facilities are turning to makers to print essential consumable parts, such as simple visors, while in the hardest hit areas, critical pieces of medical technology are being fabricated. While important and effective innovations are appearing almost daily, there are also some worrying trends towards hobbyists attempting manufacture of complex medical devices with little understanding of the clinical or scientific rationale behind their design. The nature of the open-source community, an area of intensive innovation, fluidity, and experimentation, jars with the exacting standards of medical device regulation. Here, we review the involvement of rapid prototyping and the open-source community in the key areas of personal protective equipment (PPE), diagnostics, critical care technology, and information acquisition and sharing, highlighting where makers and hackers have clashed with medical device regulations, and areas where the system has worked well to facilitate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Scott Frazer
- Somerville College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Buckinghamshire Healthcare, NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Amelia Shard
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare, NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - James Herdman
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare, NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
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15
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A Low-Cost Palmtop High-Speed Capillary Electrophoresis Bioanalyzer with Laser Induced Fluorescence Detection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1791. [PMID: 29379053 PMCID: PMC5789010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we developed a miniaturized palmtop high-speed capillary electrophoresis (CE) system integrating whole modules, including picoliter-scale sample injection, short capillary-based fast CE, high-voltage power supply, orthogonal laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection, battery, system control, on-line data acquisition, processing, storage, and display modules. A strategy of minimalist miniaturization combining minimal system design and low-cost system construction was adopted to achieve the instrument miniaturization with extremely low cost, which is differing from the current microfabrication strategy used in most reported miniaturized CE systems. With such a strategy, the total size of the bioanalyzer was minimized to 90 × 75 × 77 mm (length × width × height) and the instrument cost was reduced to ca. $500, which demonstrated the smallest and lowest-cost CE instrument with LIF detection in so far reported systems. The present bioanalyzer also exhibited comparable analytical performances to previously-reported high-speed CE systems. A limit of detection of 1.02 nM sodium fluorescein was obtained. Fast separations were achieved for multiple types of samples as amino acids, amino acid enantiomers, DNA fragments, and proteins with high efficiency. We applied this instrument in colorectal cancer diagnosis for detecting KRAS mutation status by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.
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Tay A, Pavesi A, Yazdi SR, Lim CT, Warkiani ME. Advances in microfluidics in combating infectious diseases. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:404-421. [PMID: 26854743 PMCID: PMC7125941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the important pursuits in science and engineering research today is to develop low-cost and user-friendly technologies to improve the health of people. Over the past decade, research efforts in microfluidics have been made to develop methods that can facilitate low-cost diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially in resource-poor settings. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances in microfluidic devices for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for infectious diseases and emphasis is placed on malaria, sepsis and AIDS/HIV. Other infectious diseases such as SARS, tuberculosis, and dengue are also briefly discussed. These infectious diseases are chosen as they contribute the most to disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The current state of research in this area is evaluated and projection toward future applications and accompanying challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Tay
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Saeed Rismani Yazdi
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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17
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Ali I, Alharbi OML, Marsin Sanagi M. Nano-capillary electrophoresis for environmental analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2015; 14:79-98. [PMID: 32214934 PMCID: PMC7087629 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-015-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical techniques have been used to monitor environmental pollutants. But most techniques are not capable to detect pollutants at nanogram levels. Hence, under such conditions, absence of pollutants is often assumed, whereas pollutants are in fact present at low but undetectable concentrations. Detection at low levels may be done by nano-capillary electrophoresis, also named microchip electrophoresis. Here, we review the analysis of pollutants by nano-capillary electrophoresis. We present instrumentations, applications, optimizations and separation mechanisms. We discuss the analysis of metal ions, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, explosives, viruses, bacteria and other contaminants. Detectors include ultraviolet-visible, fluorescent, conductivity, atomic absorption spectroscopy, refractive index, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Detection limits ranged from nanogram to picogram levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Omar M. L. Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Madinah Al-Munawarah, 41477 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Marsin Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
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18
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Jia R, Chengjun S, Heng C, Chen Z, Yuanqian L, Yongxin L. Microchip capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence combined with one-step duplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for the rapid detection of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 in throat swab specimens. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2538-44. [PMID: 25953405 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Jia
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Sun Chengjun
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment; Chengdu China
| | - Chen Heng
- Department of Microbiological Experiment; Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chengdu China
| | - Zhou Chen
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Li Yuanqian
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Li Yongxin
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment; Chengdu China
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19
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Yeh YT, Nisic M, Yu X, Xia Y, Zheng SY. Point-of-care microdevices for blood plasma analysis in viral infectious diseases. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:2333-43. [PMID: 24879614 PMCID: PMC7088150 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Each year, outbreaks of viral infections cause illness, disability, death, and economic loss. As learned from past incidents, the detrimental impact grows exponentially without effective quarantine. Therefore, rapid on-site detection and analysis are highly desired. In addition, for high-risk areas of viral contamination, close monitoring should be provided during the potential disease incubation period. As the epidemic progresses, a response protocol needs tobe rapidly implemented and the virus evolution fully tracked. For these scenarios, point-of-care microdevices can provide sensitive, accurate, rapid and low-cost analysis for a large population, especially in handling complex patient samples, such as blood, urine and saliva. Blood plasma can be considered as a mine of information containing sources and clues of biomarkers, including nucleic acids, immunoglobulin and other proteins, as well as pathogens for clinical diagnosis. However, blood plasma is also the most complicated body fluid. For targeted plasma biomarker detection or untargeted plasma biomarker discovery, the challenges can be as difficult as identifying a needle in a haystack. A useful platform must not only pursue single performance characteristics, but also excel at multiple performance parameters, such as speed, accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, portability, reliability, and user friendliness. Throughout the decades, tremendous progress has been made in point-of-care microdevices for viral infectious diseases. In this paper, we review fully integrated lab-on-chip systems for blood analysis of viral infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ting Yeh
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, N-238 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Merisa Nisic
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, N-238 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Xu Yu
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, N-238 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Yiqiu Xia
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, N-238 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem (MINIBio) Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, N-238 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Material Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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20
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Wu J, Kodzius R, Cao W, Wen W. Extraction, amplification and detection of DNA in microfluidic chip-based assays. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-1140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Xu Z, Oleschuk RD. A fluorous porous polymer monolith photo-patterned chromatographic column for the separation of a flourous/fluorescently labeled peptide within a microchip. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:441-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpo Xu
- Department of Chemistry; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
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22
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23
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Zhang P, Nan H, Lee MJ, Kang SH. Ultra-fast separation of infectious disease-related small DNA molecules by single- and multi-channel microchip electrophoresis. Talanta 2013; 106:388-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Microchip CE-LIF method for the hydrolysis of L-glutamine by using L-asparaginase enzyme reactor based on gold nanoparticle. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:409-16. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Yang X, Yan W, Liu Z, Lv H. Light-emitting-diode-induced fluorescence detection of fluorescent dyes for capillary electrophoresis microchip with cross-polarization method. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:1694-1700. [PMID: 22505159 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.001694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A cross-polarization scheme is presented to filter out the excitation light from the emission spectrum of fluorescent dyes using green light emitting diodes as a light source and a linear charge coupled device as an intensity detector. The excitation light was linearly polarized and was then used to illuminate the fluorescent dyes in the microchannels of a capillary electrophoresis microchip. The detector was shielded by the second polarizer, oriented perpendicular to the excitation light. The fluorescent signals from Rhodamine B dyes were measured in a dilution series with resulting emission signals and four different concentrations of fluorescent dyes were detected simultaneously with the same excitation source and detector. A limit-of-detection of 1 μM was demonstrated for Rhodamine B dye under the optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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26
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Mu X, Qi L, Qiao J, Zhang H, Ma H. Study on alanine aminotransferase kinetics by microchip electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2012; 421:499-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Wang JH, Wang CH, Lee GB. Sample pretreatment and nucleic acid-based detection for fast diagnosis utilizing microfluidic systems. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:1367-83. [PMID: 22146901 PMCID: PMC7088154 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology and micromachining techniques have enabled miniaturization of biomedical devices and systems. Not only do these techniques facilitate the development of miniaturized instrumentation for biomedical analysis, but they also open a new era for integration of microdevices for performing accurate and sensitive diagnostic assays. A so-called “micro-total-analysis-system”, which integrates sample pretreatment, transport, reaction, and detection on a small chip in an automatic format, can be realized by combining functional microfluidic components manufactured by specific MEMS technologies. Among the promising applications using microfluidic technologies, nucleic acid-based detection has shown considerable potential recently. For instance, micro-polymerase chain reaction chips for rapid DNA amplification have attracted considerable interest. In addition, microfluidic devices for rapid sample pretreatment prior to nucleic acid-based detection have also achieved significant progress in the recent years. In this review paper, microfluidic systems for sample preparation, nucleic acid amplification and detection for fast diagnosis will be reviewed. These microfluidic devices and systems have several advantages over their large-scale counterparts, including lower sample/reagent consumption, lower power consumption, compact size, faster analysis, and lower per unit cost. The development of these microfluidic devices and systems may provide a revolutionary platform technology for fast sample pretreatment and accurate, sensitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hao Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan, ROC
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28
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Microchip fluorescence-enhanced immunoaasay for simultaneous quantification of multiple tumor markers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2840-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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AL-Othman ZA, Ali I. NANO CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS IN MICROCHIPS: A NEED OF THE PRESENT CENTURY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.566031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeid A. AL-Othman
- a Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali
- b Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia, (Central University) , New Delhi, India
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31
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Qiao J, Qi L, Mu X, Chen Y. Monolith and coating enzymatic microreactors of l-asparaginase: kinetics study by MCE–LIF for potential application in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. Analyst 2011; 136:2077-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Thaitrong N, Liu P, Briese T, Lipkin WI, Chiesl TN, Higa Y, Mathies RA. Integrated capillary electrophoresis microsystem for multiplex analysis of human respiratory viruses. Anal Chem 2010; 82:10102-9. [PMID: 21114282 PMCID: PMC3076062 DOI: 10.1021/ac1020744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We developed a two-layer, four-channel polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-capillary electrophoresis microdevice that integrates nucleic acid amplification, sample cleanup and concentration, capillary electrophoretic separation, and detection for multiplex analysis of four human respiratory viral pathogens, influenza A, influenza B, coronavirus OC43, and human metapneumovirus. Biotinylated and fluorescently labeled double-stranded (ds) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification products are generated in a 100 nL PCR reactor incorporating an integrated heater and a temperature sensor. After amplification, the products are captured and concentrated in a cross-linked acrylamide gel capture matrix copolymerized with acrydite-functionalized streptavidin-capture agents. Thermal dehybridization releases the fluorescently labeled DNA strand for capillary electrophoresis injection, separation, and detection. Using plasmid standards containing the viral genes of interest, each target can be detected starting from as few as 10 copies/reactor. When a two-step reverse transcription PCR amplification is employed, the device can detect ribonucleic acid (RNA) analogues of all four viral targets with detection limits in the range of 25-100 copies/reactor. The utility of the microdevice for analyzing samples from nasopharyngeal swabs is demonstrated. When size-based separation is combined with four-color detection, this platform provides excellent product discrimination, making it readily extendable to higher-order multiplex assays. This portable microsystem is also suitable for performing automated assays in point-of-care diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numrin Thaitrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Yang M, Yu Y, Shen F, Dierks K, Fang W, Li Q. Detection of Copper Ion with Laser-Induced Fluorescence in a Capillary Electrophoresis Microchip. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003763657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Ma H, Liu T, Qin J, Lin B. Characterization of the interaction between fibroblasts and tumor cells on a microfluidic co-culture device. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1599-605. [PMID: 20414883 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts and tumor cells have been involved in the process of cancer development, progression and therapy. Here, we present a simple microfluidic device which enables to study the interaction between fibroblasts and tumor cells by indirect contact co-culture. The device is composed of multiple cell culture chambers which are connected by a parallel of cell migration regions, and it enables to realize different types of cells to communicate each other on the single device. In this work, human embryonic lung fibroblasts cells were observed to exhibit obvious migration towards tumor cells instead of normal epithelial cells on the co-culture device. Moreover, transdifferentiation of human embryonic lung fibroblast cells was recognized by the specific expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, indicating the effect of tumor cells on the behavior of fibroblasts. Furthermore, multiple types of cell co-culture can be demonstrated on the single device which enables to mimic the complicated microenviroment in vivo. The device is simple and easy to operate, which enables to realize real-time observation of cell migration after external stimulus. This microfluidic device allows for the characterization of various cellular events on a single device sequentially, facilitating the better understanding of interaction between heterotypic cells in a more complex microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
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35
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Ye F, Shi M, Huang Y, Zhao S. Noncompetitive immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen in human serum by microchip electrophoresis for cancer diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1058-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Qiao J, Qi L, Ma H, Chen Y, Wang M, Wang D. Study on amino amides and enzyme kinetics of L-asparaginase by MCE. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1565-71. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Zhang Y, Yu H, Qin J, Lin B. A microfluidic DNA computing processor for gene expression analysis and gene drug synthesis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2009; 3:44105. [PMID: 20216967 PMCID: PMC2835285 DOI: 10.1063/1.3259628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Boolean logic performs a logical operation on one or more logic input and produces a single logic output. Here, we describe a microfluidic DNA computing processor performing Boolean logic operations for gene expression analysis and gene drug synthesis. Multiple cancer-related genes were used as input molecules. Their expression levels were identified by interacting with the computing related DNA strands, which were designed according to the sequences of cancer-related genes and the suicide gene. When all the expressions of the cancer-related genes fit in with the diagnostic criteria, positive diagnosis would be confirmed and then a complete suicide gene (gene drug) could be synthesized as an output molecule. Microfluidic chip was employed as an effective platform to realize the computing process by integrating multistep biochemical reactions involving hybridization, displacement, denaturalization, and ligation. By combining the specific design of the computing related molecules and the integrated functions of the microfluidics, the microfluidic DNA computing processor is able to analyze the multiple gene expressions simultaneously and realize the corresponding gene drug synthesis with simplicity and fast speed, which demonstrates the potential of this platform for DNA computing in biomedical applications.
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Xie H, Li B, Qin J, Huang Z, Zhu Y, Lin B. A splicing model-based DNA-computing approach on microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3514-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Zhong R, Pan X, Jiang L, Dai Z, Qin J, Lin B. Simply and reliably integrating micro heaters/sensors in a monolithic PCR-CE microfluidic genetic analysis system. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1297-305. [PMID: 19319907 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel fabrication process was presented to construct a monolithic integrated PCR-CE microfluidic DNA analysis system as a step toward building a total genetic analysis microsystem. Microfabricated Titanium/Platinum (Ti/Pt) heaters and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) were integrated on the backside of a bonded glass chip to provide good thermal transfer and precise temperature detection for the drilled PCR-wells. This heater/RTD integration procedure was simple and reliable, and the resulting metal layer can be easily renewed when the Ti/Pt layer was damaged in later use or novel heater/RTD design was desired. A straightforward "RTD-calibration" method was employed to optimize the chip-based thermal cycling conditions. This method was convenient and rapid, comparing with a conventional RTD-calibration/temperature adjustment method. The highest ramping rates of 14 degrees C/s for heating and 5 degrees C/s for cooling in a 3-microL reaction volume allow 30 complete PCR cycles in about 33 min. After effectively passivating the PCR-well surface, successful lambda-phage DNA amplifications were achieved using a two- or three-temperature cycling protocol. The functionality and performance of the integrated microsystem were demonstrated by successful amplification and subsequent on-line separation/sizing of lambda-phage DNA. A rapid assay for Hepatitis B virus, one of the major human pathogens, was performed in less than 45 min, demonstrating that the developed PCR-CE microsystem was capable of performing automatic and high-speed genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runtao Zhong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
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40
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Zhang Q, Zeng S, Qin J, Lin B. Microfluidic droplet trapping array as nanoliter reactors for gas-liquid chemical reaction. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3181-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Zhao S, Huang Y, Shi M, Liu YM. Quantification of biogenic amines by microchip electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5155-9. [PMID: 19447398 PMCID: PMC2704608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive microchip electrophoresis (MCE) method with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed for the determination of biogenic amines including agmatine (Agm), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), tyramine, and histamine in human urine samples. To achieve a high assay sensitivity, the targeted analytes were pre-column labeled by a CL tagging reagent, N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI). ABEI-tagged biogenic amines after MCE separation reacted with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), producing CL emission. Since no CL reagent was added to the running buffer, the background of the CL detection was extremely low, resulting in a significant improvement in detection sensitivity. Detection limits (S/N=3) were in the range from 5.9x10(-8) to 7.7x10(-8) M for the biogenic amines tested, which were at least 10 times lower than those of the MCE-CL methods previously reported. Separation of a urine sample on a 7 cm glass/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip channel was completed within 3 min. Analysis of human urine samples found that the levels of Agm, E and DA were in the ranges of 2.61x10(-7) to 4.30x10(-7) M, 0.81x10(-7) to 1.12x10(-7) M, and 8.76x10(-7) to 11.21x10(-7) M (n=4), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 51004, China
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42
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Zhao S, Huang Y, Shi M, Huang J, Liu YM. Quantification of carnosine-related peptides by microchip electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. Anal Biochem 2009; 393:105-10. [PMID: 19538931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A microchip electrophoresis (MCE) method with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed for the determination of carnosine-related peptides, including carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine, in biological samples. A simple integrated MCE-CL system was built to perform the assays. The highly sensitive CL detection was achieved by means of the CL reaction between hydrogen peroxide and N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol-tagged peptides in the presence of adenine as a CL enhancer and Co(2+) as a catalyst. Experimental conditions for analyte labeling, MCE separation, and CL detection were studied. MCE separation of the above-mentioned three peptides took less than 120 s. Detection limits (signal/noise ratio [S/N]=3) of 3.0x10(-8), 2.8x10(-8), and 3.4x10(-8) M were obtained for carnosine, anserine, and homocarnosine, respectively. The current MCE-CL method was applied for the determination of carnosine, anserine, and homocarnosine in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and canine plasma. Homocarnosine was detected at the micromolar (microM) level in the CSF samples analyzed, whereas the levels of carnosine and anserine in these samples were below the detection limit of the assay. Interestingly, both carnosine and anserine were detected in the canine plasma samples, whereas homocarnosine was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 51004, People's Republic of China
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43
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Liu X, Li Q, Gong X, Li H, Chen Z, Tong L, Tang B. Rapid determination of superoxide free radical in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by MCE with LIF. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1077-83. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Li B, Jiang L, Wang Q, Qin J, Lin B. Micropumps actuated negative pressure injection for microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2009; 29:4906-13. [PMID: 19130570 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple negative pressure pinched sample injection method was presented. This method combined diaphragm micropumps and a single voltage supply to generate controllable well-defined sample plug, and led to effective electrophoresis separation. The pinched plug was found to be favorable for obtaining representative and reproducible results that the RSD of the migration time and peak height of sodium fluorescein were 0.5 and 2.1%, respectively (n=25). The established method had been applied in separation of amino acid samples. This method has the advantages of well-defined plug, free sample bias effect, high reproducibility and convenience of controlling the negative pressure by the integrated pumps on the microchip. In addition, the single high voltage supply and the world-to-chip interface simplified the instrumentation, which is of benefit to the minimization and automation. These advantages demonstrate the potential of this method for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
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Naikare H, Ramachandran A, Goad D, Clarke J, Clarke C. CE-based detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:472-8. [PMID: 19156761 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is crucial for effective treatment and control of clinical infections caused by this bacterium. The goal of this study is to develop a CE-based detection method for multiplexed identification of a femA sequence specific for S. aureus and a unique mecA sequence encoding methicillin resistance. Blood samples spiked with known concentrations of bacteria were used for testing. Crude cell lysates were prepared by treating the spiked blood samples with DNazol Direct reagent and used as the template for isothermal amplification of mecA and femA genes. The amplified gene products then underwent a cycling probe reaction (CPR)-based assay to generate a short fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotide for detection in a CZE-LIF system. The assay enables a gene-specific fluorophore-labeled DNA-RNA-DNA chimeric probe to hybridize with complementary target in the presence of RNase H enzyme. The RNase H enzyme specifically cleaves probe RNA residues of the duplex, releasing a fluorophore fragment for detection and the target for recycling and hybridization with another chimeric probe. Intact and cleaved probe fragments were separated and detected using a CZE-LIF system. The limit of detection for isothermal amplification and CPR-CZE-LIF was approximately 10(4) colony-forming units of bacteria/mL of blood. This method accurately detects methicillin-resistant S. aureus within 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Naikare
- Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Amarillo, TX 19106, USA.
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Cheng X, Chen G, Rodriguez WR. Micro- and nanotechnology for viral detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 393:487-501. [PMID: 19052733 PMCID: PMC7080050 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of viruses at the start of the 20th century, detecting their presence has presented great challenges. In the past two decades, there has been significant progress in viral detection methods for clinical diagnosis and environmental monitoring. The earliest advances were in molecular biology and imaging techniques. Advances in microfabrication and nanotechnology have now begun to play an important role in viral detection, and improving the detection limit, operational simplicity, and cost-effectiveness of viral diagnostics. Here we provide an overview of recent advances, focusing especially on advances in simple, device-based approaches for viral detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhong Cheng
- 5 E. Packer Ave, Whitaker Laboratory, Bioengineering, Materials and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
| | - Grace Chen
- Harvard–MIT Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02119 USA
| | - William R. Rodriguez
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
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Wang L, Liu D, Chen H, Zhou X. A simple and sensitive transient ITP method for on-chip analysis of PCR samples. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4976-83. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Lee SH, Kim SW, Kang JY, Ahn CH. A polymer lab-on-a-chip for reverse transcription (RT)-PCR based point-of-care clinical diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:2121-2127. [PMID: 19023475 DOI: 10.1039/b811131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An innovative polymer lab-on-a-chip (LOC) for reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been designed, fabricated, and characterized for point-of-care testing (POCT) clinical diagnostics. In addition, a portable analyzer that consists of a non-contact infrared (IR) based temperature control system for RT-PCR process and an optical detection system for on-chip detection, has also been developed and used to monitor the RT-PCR LOC. The newly developed LOC and analyzer have been interfaced and optimized for performing RT-PCR procedures and chemiluminescence assays in sequence. As a clinical diagnostic application, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for the early diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been successfully detected and analyzed using the newly developed LOC and analyzer, where the primer sets for p24 and gp120 were used as the makers for HIV. The developed polymer LOC and analyzer for RT-PCR can be used for POCT for the analysis of HIV with the on-chip RT-PCR and chemiluminescence assays in shorter than one hour with minimized cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Lee
- Microsystems and BioMEMS Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Abstract
As a broad generalization, clinicians and laboratory personnel who use microfluidics-based automated or semi-automated instrumentation to perform biomedical assays on real-world samples are more pleased with the state of the assays than they are with the state of the front-end sample preparation. The end-to-end procedure requires one to collect, manipulate, prepare, and analyze the sample. The appeal of microfluidics for this procedure is partly based on its combination of small size and its ability to process very small liquid volumes, thus minimizing the use of possibly expensive reagents. However, real-world samples are often large and incompatible with the input port and the mum-scale channels of a microfluidic device, and very small liquid volumes can be inappropriate in analyzing low concentrations of target analytes. It can be a worthy challenge to take a raw sample, introduce it into a microfluidics-based system, and perform the sample preparation, which may include separation and concentration of the target analytes, so that one can benefit from the reagent-conserving small volumes and obtain the correct answer when finally implementing the assay of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Mariella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
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50
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Liu D, Ou Z, Xu M, Wang L. Simplified transient isotachophoresis/capillary gel electrophoresis method for highly sensitive analysis of polymerase chain reaction samples on a microchip with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1214:165-70. [PMID: 18992883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a sensitive, simple and robust on-chip transient isotachophoresis/capillary gel electrophoresis (tITP/CGE) method for the analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples. Using chloride ions in the PCR buffer and N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) in the background electrolyte, respectively, as the leading and terminating electrolytes, the tITP preconcentration was coupled with CGE separation with double-T shaped channel network. The tITP/CGE separation was carried out with a single running buffer. The separation process involved only two steps that were performed continuously with the sequential switching of four voltage outputs. The tITP/CGE method showed an analysis time and a separation efficiency comparable to those of standard CGE, while the signal intensity was enhanced by factors of over 20. The limit of detection of the chip-based tITP/CGE method was estimated to be 1.1 ng/mL of DNA in 1x PCR buffer using confocal fluorescence detection following 473 nm laser excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Liu
- Bioengineering Center, Improve Medical Instrument's Co., Ltd., 510370 Guangzhou, China.
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