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Pani I, Sil S, Pal SK. Liquid Crystal Biosensors: A New Therapeutic Window to Point-of-Care Diagnostics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:909-917. [PMID: 36634050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
After revolutionizing the field of electro-optic displays, liquid crystals (LCs) are emerging as functional soft materials with wide-ranging biomedical implications. Integrating smart sensor designs with label-free imaging presents exciting opportunities in diagnostics. In this Perspective, we present an elegant collage of the key findings that demonstrate the utility of LC biosensors in diagnosing a disease or infection in clinical samples, cellular microenvironments, or bodily fluids. We emphasize the currently prevalent diagnostic techniques and the advances made using LCs in achieving greater sensitivity, a simplified strategy, multiplexed detection, and so on. We collate the landmark contributions in translational research in LC-based diagnostics. We believe that developing LC-based biosensors presents a new therapeutic window in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Pani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Soma Sil
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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2
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Nevídalová H, Michalcová L, Glatz Z. Capillary electrophoresis-based immunoassay and aptamer assay: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:414-433. [PMID: 31975407 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the group of techniques called affinity probe CE has been widely used for the detection and the determination of several types of biomolecules with high sensitivity. These techniques combine the low sample consumption and high separation power of CE with the selectivity of the probe to the target molecule. The assays can be defined according to the type of probe used: CE immunoassays, with an antibody as the probe, or aptamer-based CE, with an aptamer as the probe. Immunoassays are generally divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, and homogeneous variant can be further performed in competitive or noncompetitive formats. Interacting partners are free in solution at homogeneous assay, as opposed to heterogeneous analyses, where one of them is immobilized onto a solid support. Highly sensitive fluorescence, chemiluminescence or electrochemical detections were typically used in this type of study. The use of the aptamers as probes has several advantages over antibodies such as shorter generation time, higher thermal stability, lower price, and lower variability. The aptamer-based CE technique was in practice utilized for the determination of proteins in biological fluids and environmentally or clinically important small molecules. Both techniques were also transferred to microchip. This review is focused on theoretical principles of these techniques and a summary of their applications in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nevídalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Michalcová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Cai L, Deng L, Huang X, Ren J. Catalytic Chemiluminescence Polymer Dots for Ultrasensitive In Vivo Imaging of Intrinsic Reactive Oxygen Species in Mice. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6929-6935. [PMID: 29732881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) is a promising bioimaging method due to no interferences of light source and autofluorescence. However, compared to fluorescent emission, most CL reactions show short emission time and wavelength and weak emission intensity, which limit their applications in in vivo imaging. Here, we report mimic-enzyme catalytic CL polymer dots (hemin-Pdots) consisting of hemin and fluorescent conjugated polymer based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer. Hemin-Pdots show about 700× enhanced CL and over 10 h light emission in the presence of CL substrates and H2O2. These properties are mainly due to high-catalytic activity of hemin-Pdots and slow-diffusion-controlled heterogeneous reaction. Hemin-Pdots also possess excellent biocompatibility, good stability, emission wavelength redshift, and ultrasensitive response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they were successfully used for real-time imaging ROS levels in the peritoneal cavity and normal and tumor tissues of mice. Hemin-Pdots as new CL probes have wide applications in bioassays, bioimaging, and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvping Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
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4
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Li S, Shi M, Zhao J, Zhang L, Huang Y, Zhao S. A highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis immunoassay strategy based on dual-labeled gold nanoparticles enhancing chemiluminescence for the detection of prostate-specific antigen. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1780-1787. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P. R. China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P. R. China
| | - Jingjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P. R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P. R. China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P. R. China
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Aptamer and 5-fluorouracil dual-loading Ag 2S quantum dots used as a sensitive label-free probe for near-infrared photoluminescence turn-on detection of CA125 antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 92:378-384. [PMID: 27836590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article, Ag2S quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by a facile aqueous synthesis method, using thiourea as a new sulfur precursor. Based on electrostatic interactions, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was combined with the aptamer of CA125 antigen to fabricate aptamer/5-Fu complex. The surface of as-prepared Ag2S QDs was modified with polyethylenimine, followed by combination with the aptamer/5-Fu complex to form Ag2S QDs/aptamer/5-Fu hybrids. During the combination of Ag2S QDs with aptamer/5-Fu complex, near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (PL) of QDs (peaked at 850nm) was markedly reduced under excitation at 625nm, attributed to photo-induced electron transfer from QDs to 5-Fu. However, the addition of CA125 induced obvious NIR PL recovery, which was ascribed to the strong binding affinity of CA125 with its aptamer, and the separation of aptamer/5-Fu complex from the surface of QDs. Hence, the Ag2S QDs/aptamer/5-Fu hybrids were developed as a novel NIR PL turn-on probe of CA125. In the concentration range of [CA125] from 0.1 to 106ngmL-1, there were a good linear relationship between NIR PL intensities of Ag2S QDs and Log[CA125], and a low limit of detection of 0.07ngmL-1. Experimental results revealed the highly selective and sensitive NIR PL responses of this probe to CA125, over other potential interferences. In real human body fluids, this probe also exhibited superior analytical performance, together with high detection recoveries.
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6
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Cao JT, Wang H, Ren SW, Chen YH, Liu YM. Dual-signal amplification strategy for ultrasensitive chemiluminescence detection of PDGF-BB in capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1866-70. [PMID: 26031509 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang 464000 China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang 464000 China
| | - Shu-Wei Ren
- Xinyang Central Hospital; Xinyang 464000 China
| | | | - Yan-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang 464000 China
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Sun SH, Lee MJ, Lee YH, Lee W, Song X, Chen CY. Immunoassays for the cancer biomarker CA125 based on a large-birefringence nematic liquid-crystal mixture. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:245-56. [PMID: 25657889 PMCID: PMC4317129 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescence is ubiquitously found in the detection of immunoreaction; though with good sensitivity, this technique requires labeling as well as other time-consuming steps to perform the measurement. An alternative approach involving liquid crystals (LCs) was proposed, based on the fact that an immunocomplex can disturb the orientation of LCs, leading to an optical texture different from the case when only antigen or antibody exists. This method is label-free, easy to manipulate and low-cost. However, its sensitivity was low for practical usage. In this study, we adopted a high-birefringence liquid crystal (LC) to enhance the sensitivity for the immunodetection. Experiments were performed, targeting at the cancer biomarker CA125. We showed that the larger birefringence (Δn = 0.33 at 20 °C) amplifies the detected signal and, in turn, dramatically improves the detection limit. To avoid signal loss from conventional rinsing steps in immunodetection, CA125 antigen and antibody were reacted before immobilized on substrates. We studied the specific binding events and obtained a detection limit as low as 1 ng/ml. The valid temperature ranges were compared by using the typical single-compound LC 5CB and the high-birefringence LC mixture. We further investigated time dependency of the optical textures and affirmed the capability of LC-based immunodetection in distinguishing between specific and nonspecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Sun
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 71150,
Taiwan
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 71101,
Taiwan
- (M.-J. Lee)
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 71150,
Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 71150,
Taiwan
- (W. Lee)
| | - Xiaolong Song
- Jiangsu Hecheng Display Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210014,
China
| | - Chao-Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Hecheng Display Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210014,
China
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8
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Iranifam M. Analytical applications of chemiluminescence methods for cancer detection and therapy. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Yang T, Vdovenko M, Jin X, Sakharov IY, Zhao S. Highly sensitive microfluidic competitive enzyme immunoassay based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer for the detection of neuron-specific enolase. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2022-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; College of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin China
| | - Marina Vdovenko
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Xue Jin
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; College of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin China
| | - Ivan Yu. Sakharov
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; College of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin China
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10
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Moser AC, Willicott CW, Hage DS. Clinical applications of capillary electrophoresis based immunoassays. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:937-55. [PMID: 24132682 PMCID: PMC3975666 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays have long been an important set of tools in clinical laboratories for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Over the last two decades, there has been growing interest in utilizing CE as a means for conducting immunoassays with clinical samples. The resulting method is known as a CE immunoassay. This approach makes use of the selective and strong binding of antibodies for their targets, as is employed in a traditional immunoassay, and combines this with the speed, efficiency, and small sample requirements of CE. This review discusses the variety of ways in which CE immunoassays have been employed with clinical samples. An overview of the formats and detection modes that have been employed in these applications is first presented. A more detailed discussion is then given on the type of clinical targets and samples that have been measured or studied by using CE immunoassays. Particular attention is given to the use of this method in the fields of endocrinology, pharmaceutical measurements, protein and peptide analysis, immunology, infectious disease detection, and oncology. Representative applications in each of these areas are described, with these examples involving work with both traditional and microanalytical CE systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David S. Hage
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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11
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Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer biosensing platform for site-specific determination of DNA methylation and assay of DNA methyltransferase activity using exonuclease III-assisted target recycling amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 54:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Lin Z, Sun X, Lin Y, Chen G. Highly sensitive analysis of four hemeproteins by dynamically-coated capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detector using an off-column coaxial flow interface. Analyst 2014; 138:2269-78. [PMID: 23443524 DOI: 10.1039/c3an36503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic coating of the surface in capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection (CE-CL) using an off-column coaxial flow interface for the determination of four hemeproteins was developed. This method is based on the luminol-hydrogen peroxide reaction catalyzed by metalloproteins in alkaline medium. The experimental setup of the CE-CL system with the proposed off-column coaxial interface was evaluated by separation and detection of dopamine and catechol based on inhibition of the luminol-potassium ferricyanide reaction. Highly efficient separation of the two model compounds with symmetrical peak shape and satisfactory reproducibility was achieved by using this interface. In addition, in order to obtain a good resolution for hemeproteins, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were introduced as dynamic modifiers to reduce the unwanted adsorption of non-specific protein. Several parameters affecting the CE separation and CL detection were investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, a mixture of the four hemeproteins (horseradish peroxidase (HRP), catalase (Cat), myoglobin (Mb) and cytochrome C (Cyt C)) could be well separated within 20 min. The linear ranges of the four proteins were 5.7 × 10(-8) to 1.1 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) for HRP, 4.0 × 10(-8) to 2.0 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) for Cat, 1.1 × 10(-10) to 5.6 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) for Mb, and 3.8 × 10(-7) to 7.7 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) for Cyt C. The limits of detection (LODs) (S/N = 3) for HRP, Cat, Mb and Cyt C were 2.2 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) (104.5 amol), 1.6 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) (74 amol), 5.6 × 10(-11) mol L(-1) (0.26 amol), and 1.95 × 10(-7) mol L(-1) (0.89 fmol), respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of low-level Mb in a spiked human urine sample and the recoveries were above 97%. Our primary result demonstrated that the proposed CE-CL method has great potential for Mb determination in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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13
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Liu YM, Mei L, Liu YY, Zhou M, Huang KJ, Chen YH, Ren SW. Highly sensitive capillary electrophoretic immunoassay of rheumatoid factor in human serum with gold nanoparticles enhanced chemiluminescence detection. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:972-7. [PMID: 24339021 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Lin Mei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Ying-ying Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Ke-jing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang P. R. China
| | | | - Shu-wei Ren
- Xinyang Central Hospital; Xinyang P. R. China
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14
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Chen C, Li B. Graphene oxide-based homogenous biosensing platform for ultrasensitive DNA detection based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer and exonuclease III-assisted target recycling amplification. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2476-2481. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Huang X, Ren J. Nanomaterial-based chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer: A strategy to develop new analytical methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Microchip fluorescence-enhanced immunoaasay for simultaneous quantification of multiple tumor markers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2840-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Shi Y. Sensitive determination of epinephrine in pharmaceutical preparation by flow injection coupled with chemiluminescence detection and mechanism study. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 26:59-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Das J, Kelley SO. Protein Detection Using Arrayed Microsensor Chips: Tuning Sensor Footprint to Achieve Ultrasensitive Readout of CA-125 in Serum and Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1167-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102917f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Liu YM, Mei L, Liu LJ, Peng LF, Chen YH, Ren SW. Sensitive Chemiluminescence Immunoassay by Capillary Electrophoresis with Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1137-43. [PMID: 21218847 DOI: 10.1021/ac103166n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China, and
| | - Lin Mei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China, and
| | - Li-juan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China, and
| | - Long-fei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China, and
| | | | - Shu-wei Ren
- Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang 464000, China
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Huang X, Ren J. Gold nanoparticles based chemiluminescent resonance energy transfer for immunoassay of alpha fetoprotein cancer marker. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 686:115-20. [PMID: 21237316 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a new strategy of chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as efficient long-range energy acceptor in sandwich immunoassays. In the design of CRET system, we chose the highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol and hydrogen peroxide catalysed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) because the CL spectrum of luminol (λ(max) 425 nm) partially overlaps with the visible absorption bands of AuNPs. On the basis of CRET strategy, we developed a sandwich immunoassay of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) cancer marker. In immunoassay, two antibodies (anti-AFP-1 and anti-AFP-2) were conjugated to AuNPs and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), respectively. The sandwich-type immunoreactions between the AFP (antigen) and the two different antibodies bridged the donors (luminol) and acceptors (AuNPs), which led to the occurrence of CRET from luminol to AuNPs upon chemiluminescent reaction. We observed that the quenching of chemiluminescence signal depended linearly on the AFP concentration within a range of concentration from 5 to 70 ng mL(-1) and the detection limit of AFP was 2.5 ng mL(-1). Our method was successfully applied for determination of AFP levels in sera from cancer patients, and the results were in good agreement with ELISA assays. This approach is expected to be extended to other assay designs, that is, using other antibodies, analytes, chemiluminescent substance, and even other metallic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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21
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Xu Q, Ji X, Li H, Liu J, He Z. An on-column fracture/end-column reaction interface for chemiluminescence detection in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5628-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Zhang Y, Zheng H. NONCOMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY FOR FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN HUMAN SERUM USING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS WITH CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2010; 31:193-204. [DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2010.488610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Lara FJ, García-Campaña AM, Velasco AI. Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1998-2027. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Simionato AVC, Carrilho E, Maggi Tavares MF. CE-MS and related techniques as a valuable tool in tumor biomarkers research. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1214-1226. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Fu XH. Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer-Functionalized Magnetic Beads as an Immunosensing Probe for Electrochemical Immunoassay for Carbohydrate Antigen-125 in Human Serum. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903402374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Liu YM, Shi YM, Liu ZL, Tian W. A sensitive method for simultaneous determination of four macrolides by CE with electrochemiluminescence detection and its applications in human urine and tablets. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:364-70. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Mahammed A, Gross Z. Chemiluminescence enhancement and energy transfer by the aluminium(iii) complex of an amphiphilic/bipolar and cell-penetrating corrole. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2998-3000. [DOI: 10.1039/b916590h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Huang Y, Zhao S, Shi M, Liu YM. Chemiluminescent immunoassay of thyroxine enhanced by microchip electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2009; 399:72-7. [PMID: 19961826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A homogeneous chemiluminescent immunoassay of thyroxine (T4) enhanced by microchip electrophoresis separation has been developed. The method deployed the competitive immunoreaction of T4 and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled T4 (HRP-T4) with anti-T4 mouse monoclonal antibody (Ab). HRP-T4 and the HRP-T4-Ab complex were separated and quantified by using microchip electrophoresis (MCE) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection. Highly sensitive CL detection was achieved by means of HPR-catalyzed luminol-H(2)O(2) reaction. Due to the effective MCE separation, the CL analytical signal was less prone to sample matrix interference. Under the selected assay conditions, the MCE separation was accomplished within 60s. The linear range for T4 was 5-250 nM with a detection limit of 2.2 nM (signal/noise ratio=3). The current method was successfully applied for the quantification of T4 in human serum samples. It was demonstrated that the current MCE-CL-enhanced competitive immunoassay was quick, sensitive, and highly selective. It may serve as a tool for clinical analysis of T4 to assist in the diagnosis of thyroid gland functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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29
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Liu YM, Tian W, Jia YX, Yue HY. Simultaneous determination of methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine in human urine by CE with electrochemiluminescence detection and its application to pharmacokeinetics. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:1138-44. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Fan A, Cao Z, Li H, Kai M, Lu J. Chemiluminescence platforms in immunoassay and DNA analyses. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:587-97. [PMID: 19430138 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescent (CL) detection techniques for DNA assays and immunoassays have become very popular in recent years. This review discusses recent advances in those CL assays that have occurred over the last few years. In the monoplex assay section, different classes of CL labels including nanoparticle, DNAzyme, acridinium ester, enzyme and luminol-based CL assays are reviewed concerning the detection of DNAs and proteins. In the multiplex assay section, both spatial resolution and substrate zone-resolved techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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31
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Tsunoda M. Chemiluminescence detection with separation techniques for bioanalytical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-009-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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33
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Liu YM, Tian W, Jia YX, Yue HY. The use of CE ECL with ionic liquid for the determination of drug alkaloids and applications in human urine. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1406-11. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Liu Y, Yue H, Tian W, Chen Y, Li F. Quantification of Carcinoembryonic Antigen by Capillary Electrophoresis–Chemiluminescence Detection using Internal Standard Method. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802568812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Liu YM, Shi YM, Liu ZL. Determination of enoxacin and ofloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection in biofluids and drugs and its application to pharmacokinetics. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 24:941-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Moser AC, Hage DS. Capillary electrophoresis-based immunoassays: principles and quantitative applications. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3279-95. [PMID: 18646279 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of CE as a tool to conduct immunoassays has been an area of increasing interest over the last decade. This approach combines the efficiency, small sample requirements, and relatively high speed of CE with the selectivity of antibodies as binding agents. This review examines the various assay formats and detection modes that have been reported for these assays, along with some representative applications. Most CE immunoassays in the past have employed homogeneous methods in which the sample and reagents are allowed to react in solution. These homogeneous methods have been conducted as both competitive binding immunoassays and as noncompetitive binding immunoassays. Fluorescent labels are most commonly used for detection in these assays, but enzyme labels have also been utilized for such work. Some additional work has been performed in CE immunoassays with heterogeneous methods in which either antibodies or an analog of the analyte is immobilized to a solid support. These heterogeneous methods can be used for the selective isolation of analytes prior to their separation by CE or to remove a given species from a sample/reagent mixture prior to analysis by CE. These CE immunoassays can be used with a variety of detection modes, such as fluorescence, UV/Vis absorbance, chemiluminescence, electrochemical measurements, MS, and surface plasmon resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette C Moser
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE, USA
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37
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yang F. Analysis of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone by CE with Chemiluminescence Detection Based on Competitive Immunoassay. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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38
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Liu YM, Mu HB, Zheng YL, Wang CQ, Chen YH, Li FR, Wang JH, Cheng JK. Capillary electrophoretic immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein with chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 855:280-5. [PMID: 17531550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoretic immunoassay with chemiluminescence detection (CEIA-CL) using a non-competitive format for analyzing tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been developed. In this method, antigen (Ag) AFP reacts with an excess amount of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody (Ab*). The free Ab* and the bound Ab*-Ag complex produced in the solution are separated by CE in a separation capillary. Then they catalyze the reaction of enzyme substrate luminol and H(2)O(2) in a reaction capillary following the separation capillary. Parameters affecting the CE separation and CL detection were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the free Ab* and the Ab*-Ag complex were well separated within 4 min, the linear range and the detection limit (S/N=3) for AFP were 5-500 ng/ml and 0.85 ng/ml (1.2 x 10(-11)M), respectively. The proposed method has been applied satisfactorily in the analysis of human sera samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China.
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39
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Li T, Li B, Dong S. Aptamer-based label-free method for hemin recognition and DNA assay by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:887-93. [PMID: 17641877 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An aptamer-based label-free approach to hemin recognition and DNA assay using capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection is introduced here. Two guanine-rich DNA aptamers were used as the recognition element and target DNA, respectively. In the presence of potassium ions, the two aptamers folded into the G-quartet structures, binding hemin with high specificity and affinity. Based on the G-quartet-hemin interactions, the ligand molecule was specifically recognized with a Kd approximately 73 nM, and the target DNA could be detected at 0.1 microM. In phosphate buffer of pH 11.0, hemin catalyzed the H2O2-mediated oxidation of luminol to generate strong chemiluminescence signal; thus the target molecule itself served as an indicator for the molecule-aptamer interaction, which made the labeling and/or modification of aptamers or target molecules unnecessary. This label-free method for molecular recognition and DNA detection is therefore simple, easy, and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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40
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Huang X, Li L, Qian H, Dong C, Ren J. A resonance energy transfer between chemiluminescent donors and luminescent quantum-dots as acceptors (CRET). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:5140-3. [PMID: 16826612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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41
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Liu YM, Wang CQ, Mu HB, Cao JT, Zheng YL. Determination of catecholamines by CE with direct chemiluminescence detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1937-41. [PMID: 17480042 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method to detect three catecholamines, isoprenaline, epinephrine, and dopamine, by CE coupled with direct luminol-potassium periodate chemiluminescence (CL) detection is described. The conditions for CE separation and CL reaction were systematically optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the baseline separation of three catecholamines was achieved within 6.5 min. The LODs obtained in standard solution were 5.3 x 10(-8 )mol/L for isoprenaline, 4.7 x 10(-8 )mol/L for epinephrine, and 1.5 x 10(-7 )mol/L for dopamine. The RSD of the migration time and peak area were less than 1.8 and 3.6% (n = 5), respectively. The present method was applied to the determination of the dopamine in urine samples of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. The results obtained indicate that there is a close relationship between the content of dopamine in human urine and the amount of cigarettes smoked daily; the level of dopamine in smokers is higher than in nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, PR China.
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42
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Zhou SL, Wang JH, Huang WH, Lu X, Cheng JK. Monitoring the reaction of hemoglobin with hydrogen peroxide by capillary electrophoresis-chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 850:343-7. [PMID: 17280882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of hemoglobin (Hb) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) leads to fluorescent product and heme degradation. We applied capillary electrophoresis-chemiluminescence (CE-CL) detection to monitor the course of Hb reacting with H2O2. Hb and released free iron ion (Fe3+) were detected based on their enhancement effects on CL of the luminol-H2O2 system. In this study, we discovered an intermediate of this reaction which intensely enhances the luminol-H2O2 CL system. The ratio of max CL signals of Fe3+, Hb and this intermediate is circa 1:10:60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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43
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Zhou J, Xu X, Wang Y. Competitive immunoassay for clenbuterol using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 848:226-31. [PMID: 17097930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A competitive immunoassay for detecting clenbuterol in urine was established by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The clenbuterol was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), and then the derivative was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and competes for antibody with free clenbuterol in the sample. Under the optimal conditions, Free and bound FITC labeled clenbuterol was separated within 8 min with the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) 0.72% for migration time and 2.8% for peak area. The detection limit reached 0.7 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. Box 283, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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44
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Peng CF, Huo TM, Liu LQ, Chu XG, Xu CL. Determination of medroxyprogesterone acetate residues by CE immunoassay with chemiluminescence detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:970-4. [PMID: 17370306 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple method is developed for the determination of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) by CE immunoassay with chemiluminescence (CL). This method is based on the competitive reactions between horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled MPA (MPA-HRP) and free MPA with anti-MPA antiserum. The influencing factors on the electrophoresis and CL detection were studied completely and the optimal conditions of separation and determination were obtained. The linear range was 2.0-50 nmol/L and the LOD for MPA was 0.9 nmol/L. The present method was applied to the analysis of pork tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fang Peng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, WuXi, JiangSu Province, PR China
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45
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Zhi Q, Xie C, Huang X, Ren J. Coupling chemiluminescence with capillary electrophoresis to analyze single human red blood cells. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 583:217-22. [PMID: 17386549 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a new method for determination of hemoglobin of single red blood cells by coupling chemiluminescence with capillary electrophoresis (CL-CE). The chemiluminescent detection is based on the catalytic effects of hemoglobin on the luminol-hydrogen peroxide reaction. The conditions of chemiluminescent reaction and capillary electrophoresis were investigated. Hemoglobin in human blood samples was detected with the present method, the linear range from 1.7 microg mL(-1) to 6.8 microg mL(-1) was tested, and the correlation coefficient of 0.997 and low detection limit of 0.17 microg mL(-1) (approximately 2.2 pg, S/N=3) were obtained. Cell injection procedure was improved, and the method was successfully used to determine hemoglobin of single red blood cells and the statistical result of the average content of hemoglobin in 26 human red blood cells was 23.6 pg. Compared to other current methods, CE with CL system is simple, sensitive and will become an attractive alternative method for single cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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46
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yang F. Non-competitive immunoassay for luteinizing hormone in human serum using capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. LUMINESCENCE 2007; 22:511-7. [PMID: 17768703 DOI: 10.1002/bio.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A non-competitive immunoassay based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection has been developed for the determination of luteinizing hormone (LH) in human serum. The work involved the development of separation and CL conditions, allowing for routine analysis of serum samples. In this study, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labelled monoclonal anti-LH can catalyse the luminol-hydrogen peroxide reaction. The determined LH can react with excessive amount of HRP-labelled anti-LH. Within 14 min, free enzyme conjugate and immune complex could be separated in alkaline borate buffer by means of a high voltage (15 kV). To improve sensitivity, a series of measures were adopted, including the choice of para-iodophenol as a CL enhancer, unique design in detect window. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curve for LH was established in the concentration range 1-200 mIU/mL and the detection limit was 0.08 mIU/mL. Compared with ELISA, this method decreased the detection limit by about 12 times, and it has been successfully employed in the determination of LH in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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47
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Huang X, Li L, Qian H, Dong C, Ren J. A Resonance Energy Transfer between Chemiluminescent Donors and Luminescent Quantum-Dots as Acceptors (CRET). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Tsukagoshi K, Matsumoto K, Ueno F, Noda K, Nakajima R, Araki K. Molecular recognition of mono- and disaccharides through interaction with p-iodophenylboronic acid in capillary electrophoresis with a chemiluminescence detection system. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1123:106-12. [PMID: 16716339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Revised: 03/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition of mono- and disaccharides was performed making use of the interaction between their diol groups and p-iodophenylboronic acid in capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a chemiluminescence (CL) detection system. p-Iodophenylboronic acid acted as an enhancer for luminol-horseradish peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide CL reaction. p-Iodophenylboronic acid was injected as a sample into the present system to give a CL peak on the electropherogram. The CL intensities were examined using running buffers including mono- and disaccharides. The CL intensities with 1-methyl-D-glucoside, D-saccharose, D-maltose, D-glucose, and D-fructose decreased in this order. The decrease in CL intensity was based on the formation by p-iodophenylboronic acid of cyclic esters with mono- and disaccharides, particularly with those including cis-diol groups. That is, the decrease in CL intensity affected the specific complexation between p-iodophenylboronic acids and saccharides, leading to the molecular recognition of saccharides. We also report separation of a mixture of p-iodophenol and p-iodophenylboronic acid as well as estimation of the apparent binding constant between p-iodophenylboronic acid and saccharides taking advantage of their molecular recognition behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan.
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49
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Lara FJ, García-Campaña AM, Gámiz-Gracia L, Bosque-Sendra JM, Alés-Barrero F. Determination of phenothiazines in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine using capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2348-59. [PMID: 16718647 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A CE instrument coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was designed for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride (PTH) and promazine hydrochloride (PMH) in real samples. An important enhancement of the CL emission of luminol with potassium ferricyanide was observed in the presence of these phenothiazines; so this system was selected for their detection after CE separation. Parameters affecting the electrophoretic separation were optimized in a univariate way, while those affecting CL detection were optimized by means of a multivariate approach based on the use of experimental designs. Chemometrics was also employed for the study of the robustness of the factors influencing the postcolumn CL detection. The method allows the separation of the phenothiazines in less than 4 min, achieving LODs of 80 ng/mL for PMH and 334 ng/mL for PTH, using sample injection by gravity. Electrokinetic injection was used to obtain lower LODs for the determination of the compounds in biological samples. The applicability of the CE-CL method was illustrated in the determination of PTH in pharmaceutical formulations and in the analysis of PMH in human urine, using a previous SPE procedure, achieving an LOD of 1 ng/mL and recoveries higher than 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Lara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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