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Murphy S, Dowling P, Ohlendieck K. Comparative Skeletal Muscle Proteomics Using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4030027. [PMID: 28248237 PMCID: PMC5217355 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pioneering work by Patrick H. O’Farrell established two-dimensional gel electrophoresis as one of the most important high-resolution protein separation techniques of modern biochemistry (Journal of Biological Chemistry1975, 250, 4007–4021). The application of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has played a key role in the systematic identification and detailed characterization of the protein constituents of skeletal muscles. Protein changes during myogenesis, muscle maturation, fibre type specification, physiological muscle adaptations and natural muscle aging were studied in depth by the original O’Farrell method or slightly modified gel electrophoretic techniques. Over the last 40 years, the combined usage of isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis in the second dimension has been successfully employed in several hundred published studies on gel-based skeletal muscle biochemistry. This review focuses on normal and physiologically challenged skeletal muscle tissues and outlines key findings from mass spectrometry-based muscle proteomics, which was instrumental in the identification of several thousand individual protein isoforms following gel electrophoretic separation. These muscle-associated protein species belong to the diverse group of regulatory and contractile proteins of the acto-myosin apparatus that forms the sarcomere, cytoskeletal proteins, metabolic enzymes and transporters, signaling proteins, ion-handling proteins, molecular chaperones and extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Wijeratne AB, Wijesundera DN, Paulose M, Ahiabu IB, Chu WK, Varghese OK, Greis KD. Phosphopeptide separation using radially aligned titania nanotubes on titanium wire. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11155-64. [PMID: 25941752 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoproteomic analysis offers a unique view of cellular function and regulation in biological systems by providing global measures of a key cellular regulator in the form of protein phosphorylation. Understanding the phosphorylation changes between normal and diseased cells or tissues offers a window into the mechanism of disease and thus potential targets for therapeutic intervention. A key step in these studies is the enrichment of phosphorylated peptides that are typically separated and analyzed by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The mesoporous titania beads/particles (e.g., Titansphere TiO2 beads from GL Sciences Inc., Japan) that are widely used for phosphopeptide enrichment are expensive and offer very limited opportunities for further performance improvement. Titiania nanotube arrays have shown promising characteristics for phosphopeptide separation. Here we report a proof-of-concept study to evaluate the efficacy of nanotubes on Ti-wire for phosphoproteomics research. We used titania nanotubes radially grown on titanium wires as well as the commercial beads to separate phosphopeptides generated from mouse liver complex tissue extracts. Our studies revealed that the nanotubes on metal wire provide comparable efficacy for enrichment of phophopeptides and offer an ease of use advantage versus mesoporous beads, thus having the potential to become a low cost and more practical material/methodology for phosphopeptide enrichment in biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna B Wijeratne
- †Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth D Greis
- †Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
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Sharma N, Medikayala S, Defour A, Rayavarapu S, Brown KJ, Hathout Y, Jaiswal JK. Use of quantitative membrane proteomics identifies a novel role of mitochondria in healing injured muscles. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30455-67. [PMID: 22778268 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.354415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are proficient at healing from a variety of injuries. Healing occurs in two phases, early and late phase. Early phase involves healing the injured sarcolemma and restricting the spread of damage to the injured myofiber. Late phase of healing occurs a few days postinjury and involves interaction of injured myofibers with regenerative and inflammatory cells. Of the two phases, cellular and molecular processes involved in the early phase of healing are poorly understood. We have implemented an improved sarcolemmal proteomics approach together with in vivo labeling of proteins with modified amino acids in mice to study acute changes in the sarcolemmal proteome in early phase of myofiber injury. We find that a notable early phase response to muscle injury is an increased association of mitochondria with the injured sarcolemma. Real-time imaging of live myofibers during injury demonstrated that the increased association of mitochondria with the injured sarcolemma involves translocation of mitochondria to the site of injury, a response that is lacking in cultured myoblasts. Inhibiting mitochondrial function at the time of injury inhibited healing of the injured myofibers. This identifies a novel role of mitochondria in the early phase of healing injured myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Sharma
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Ridsdale R, Na CL, Xu Y, Greis KD, Weaver T. Comparative proteomic analysis of lung lamellar bodies and lysosome-related organelles. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16482. [PMID: 21298062 PMCID: PMC3027677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins that is essential for postnatal function. Surfactant is synthesized in alveolar type II cells and stored as multi-bilayer membranes in a specialized secretory lysosome-related organelle (LRO), known as the lamellar body (LB), prior to secretion into the alveolar airspaces. Few LB proteins have been identified and the mechanisms regulating formation and trafficking of this organelle are poorly understood. Lamellar bodies were isolated from rat lungs, separated into limiting membrane and core populations, fractionated by SDS-PAGE and proteins identified by nanoLC-tandem mass spectrometry. In total 562 proteins were identified, significantly extending a previous study that identified 44 proteins in rat lung LB. The lung LB proteome reflects the dynamic interaction of this organelle with the biosynthetic, secretory and endocytic pathways of the type II epithelial cell. Comparison with other LRO proteomes indicated that 60% of LB proteins were detected in one or more of 8 other proteomes, confirming classification of the LB as a LRO. Remarkably the LB shared 37.8% of its proteins with the melanosome but only 9.9% with lamellar bodies from the skin. Of the 229 proteins not detected in other LRO proteomes, a subset of 34 proteins was enriched in lung relative to other tissues. Proteins with lipid-related functions comprised a significant proportion of the LB unique subset, consistent with the major function of this organelle in the organization, storage and secretion of surfactant lipid. The lung LB proteome will facilitate identification of molecular pathways involved in LB biogenesis, surfactant homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Ridsdale
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Lun Na
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Greis
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy Weaver
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Choi Y, Lee S, Choe J, Rhee M, Lee S, Joo S, Kim B. Protein solubility is related to myosin isoforms, muscle fiber types, meat quality traits, and postmortem protein changes in porcine longissimus dorsi muscle. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Stella CL, Bennett MR, Devarajan P, Greis K, Wyder M, Macha S, Rao M, Jodicke C, Moussa H, How HY, Myatt L, Webster R, Sibai BM. Preterm labor biomarker discovery in serum using 3 proteomic profiling methodologies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:387.e1-13. [PMID: 19716121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify changes in protein expression in normal pregnancy compared with preterm labor by using 3 proteomic methods. STUDY DESIGN Serum was collected from 25 nonpregnant (n = 5) and pregnant women at 24-40 weeks' gestation (n = 20) who had preterm labor resulting in preterm delivery (n = 5), preterm labor with term delivery (n = 5), term labor resulting in delivery (n = 5), or at term with contractions (n = 5). Undepleted serum was used for surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization and immune-depleted serum for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and 2-dimensional electrophoresis. RESULTS Surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization identified significantly different peaks between preterm labor resulting in preterm delivery vs term labor resulting in delivery and preterm labor resulting in preterm delivery vs preterm labor with term delivery using 4 surfaces. In preterm labor resulting in preterm delivery vs preterm labor with term delivery, a peak of 7783.2 m/z was significantly up-regulated and at 3164 m/z down-regulated on 3 surfaces. By using 2-dimensional electrophoresis, protein 5364 was significantly different between preterm labor resulting in preterm delivery and term labor resulting in delivery. In preterm labor resulting in preterm delivery, 6 proteins showed decreasing trend and 1 showed increasing trend vs preterm labor with term delivery. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization showed a striking difference at 55,000 m/z between preterm labor resulting in preterm delivery and term labor resulting in delivery. CONCLUSION Surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization identified 2 proteins fulfilling the criteria of putative biomarkers. Biomarker identification may aid in identifying women with preterm labor who will deliver preterm.
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Suzuki M, Wiers K, Brooks EB, Greis KD, Haines K, Klein-Gitelman MS, Olson J, Onel K, O’Neil KM, Silverman ED, Tucker L, Ying J, Devarajan P, Brunner HI. Initial validation of a novel protein biomarker panel for active pediatric lupus nephritis. Pediatr Res 2009; 65:530-6. [PMID: 19218887 PMCID: PMC2737257 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31819e4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is among the main determinants of poor prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of this study was to 1) isolate and identify proteins contained in the LN urinary protein signature (PS) of children with SLE; 2) assess the usefulness of the PS proteins for detecting activity of LN over time. Using surface-enhanced or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, the proteins contained in the LN urinary PS were identified. They were transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cp), alpha1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP), lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthetase (L-PGDS), albumin, and albumin-related fragments. Serial plasma and urine samples were analyzed using immunonephelometry or ELISA in 98 children with SLE (78% African American) and 30 controls with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. All urinary PS proteins were significantly higher with active vs. inactive LN or in patients without LN (all p < 0.005), and their combined area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85. As early as 3 mo before a clinical diagnosis of worsening LN, significant increases of urinary Tf, AGP (both p < 0.0001), and L-PGDS (p < 0.01) occurred, indicating that these PS proteins are biomarkers of LN activity and may help anticipate the future course of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Kristina Wiers
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Elizabeth B. Brooks
- Departments of Pediatrics & Internal Medicine, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Kenneth D. Greis
- Department of Cancer & Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45222
| | - Kathleen Haines
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601
| | - Marisa S. Klein-Gitelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614
| | - Judyann Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin & Children’s Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Karen Onel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kathleen M. O’Neil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Earl D. Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lori Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45222
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Hermine I. Brunner
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
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Griffiths LG, Choe L, Lee KH, Reardon KF, Orton EC. Protein extraction and 2-DE of water- and lipid-soluble proteins from bovine pericardium, a low-cellularity tissue. Electrophoresis 2009; 29:4508-15. [PMID: 18985661 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bovine pericardium (BP) is an important biomaterial used in the production of glutaraldehyde-fixed heart valves and tissue-engineering applications. The ability to perform proteomic analysis on BP is useful for a range of studies, including investigation of immune rejection after implantation. However, proteomic analysis of fibrous tissues such as BP is challenging due to their relative low-cellularity and abundance of extracellular matrix. A variety of methods for tissue treatment, protein extraction, and fractionation were investigated with the aim of producing high-quality 2-DE gels for both water- and lipid-soluble BP proteins. Extraction of water-soluble proteins with 3-(benzyldimethylammonio)-propanesulfonate followed by n-dodecyl beta-D-maltoside extraction and ethanol precipitation for lipid-soluble proteins provided the best combination of yield, spot number, and resolution on 2-DE gels (Protocol E2). ESI-quadrupole/ion trap or MALDI-TOF/TOF MS protein identifications were performed to confirm bovine origin and appropriate subcellular prefractionation of resolved proteins. Twenty-five unique, predominantly cytoplasmic bovine proteins were identified from the water-soluble fraction. Thirty-two unique, predominantly membrane bovine proteins were identified from the lipid-soluble fraction. These results demonstrated that the final protocol produced high-quality proteomic data from this important tissue for both cytoplasmic and membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Eismann T, Huber N, Shin T, Kuboki S, Galloway E, Wyder M, Edwards MJ, Greis KD, Shertzer HG, Fisher AB, Lentsch AB. Peroxiredoxin-6 protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and liver injury during ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G266-74. [PMID: 19033532 PMCID: PMC2643922 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90583.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important complication of liver surgery and transplantation. Mitochondrial function is central to this injury. To examine alterations in mitochondrial function during I/R, we assessed the mitochondrial proteome in C57Bl/6 mice. Proteomic analysis of liver mitochondria revealed 234 proteins with significantly altered expression after I/R. From these, 13 proteins with the greatest expression differences were identified. One of these proteins, peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6), has never before been described in mitochondria. In hepatocytes from sham-operated mice, Prdx6 expression was found exclusively in the cytoplasm. After ischemia or I/R, Prdx6 expression disappeared from the cytoplasm and appeared in the mitochondria, suggesting mitochondrial trafficking. To explore the functional role of Prdx6 in hepatic I/R injury, wild-type and Prdx6-knockout mice were subjected to I/R injury. Prdx6-knockout mice had significantly more hepatocellular injury compared with wild-type mice. Interestingly, the increased injury in Prdx6-knockout mice occurred despite reduced inflammation and was associated with increased mitochondrial generation of H(2)O(2) and dysfunction. The mitochondrial dysfunction appeared to be related to complex I of the electron transport chain. These data suggest that hepatocyte Prdx6 traffics to the mitochondria during I/R to limit mitochondrial dysfunction as a protective mechanism against hepatocellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Eismann
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nadine Huber
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Shin
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoshi Kuboki
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Galloway
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Wyder
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J. Edwards
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth D. Greis
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Howard G. Shertzer
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aron B. Fisher
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex B. Lentsch
- The Laboratory of Trauma, Sepsis and Inflammation Research, Department of Surgery, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Genome Science, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein and Egl-9-Type proline hydroxylases regulate the large subunit of RNA polymerase II in response to oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:2701-17. [PMID: 18285459 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01231-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) is frequently associated with loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor (pVHL), which inhibits ubiquitylation and degradation of the alpha subunits of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor. pVHL also ubiquitylates the large subunit of RNA polymerase II, Rpb1, phosphorylated on serine 5 (Ser5) within the C-terminal domain (CTD). A hydroxylated proline 1465 within an LXXLAP motif located N-terminal to the CTD allows the interaction of Rpb1 with pVHL. Here we report that in RCC cells, pVHL regulates expression of Rpb1 and is necessary for low-grade oxidative-stress-induced recruitment of Rpb1 to the DNA-engaged fraction and for its P1465 hydroxylation, phosphorylation, and nondegradative ubiquitylation. Egln-9-type prolyl hydroxylases, PHD1 and PHD2, coimmunoprecipitated with Rpb1 in the chromatin fraction of VHL(+) RCC cells in response to oxidative stress, and PHD1 was necessary for P1465 hydroxylation while PHD2 had an inhibitory effect. P1465 hydroxylation was required for oxidative-stress-induced Ser5 phosphorylation of Rpb1. Importantly, overexpression of wild-type Rpb1 stimulated formation of kidney tumors by VHL(+) cells, and this effect was abolished by P1465A mutation of Rpb1. These data indicate that through this novel pathway involving P1465 hydroxylation and Ser5 phosphorylation of Rbp1, pVHL may regulate tumor growth.
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Abstract
Heparins are negatively charged polydispersed linear polysaccharides which have the ability to bind a wide range of biomolecules including enzymes, serine protease inhibitors, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, DNA modification enzymes and hormone receptors. In this chromatography, heparin is not only an affinity ligand but also an ion exchanger with high charge density and distribution. Heparin chromatography is an adsorption chromatography in which biomolecules can be specifically and reversibly adsorbed by heparins immobilized on an insoluble support. An advantage of this chromatography is that heparin-binding proteins can be conveniently enriched using its concentration effect. This is especially important for separating low abundance proteins for the analysis in two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) or other proteomics approaches. Heparin chromatography is a powerful sample-pretreatment technology that has been widely used to fractionate proteins from extracts of prokaryotic organism or eukaryotic cells. As an example, the fractionation of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) from the extract of mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) is now introduced to demonstrate the procedure of heparin chromatography.
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Abstract
Proteomics holds the promise of evaluating global changes in protein expression and post-translational modification in response to environmental stimuli. However, difficulties in achieving cellular anatomic resolution and extracting specific types of proteins from cells have limited the efficacy of these techniques. Laser capture microdissection has provided a solution to the problem of anatomical resolution in tissues. New extraction methodologies have expanded the range of proteins identified in subsequent analyses. This review will examine the application of laser capture microdissection to proteomic tissue sampling, and subsequent extraction of these samples for differential expression analysis. Statistical and other quantitative issues important for the analysis of the highly complex datasets generated are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard B Gutstein
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 110, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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13
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Vitorino R, Ferreira R, Neuparth M, Guedes S, Williams J, Tomer KB, Domingues PM, Appell HJ, Duarte JA, Amado FM. Subcellular proteomics of mice gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Anal Biochem 2007; 366:156-69. [PMID: 17540331 PMCID: PMC2660431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A proteomics characterization of mice soleus and gastrocnemius white portion skeletal muscles was performed using nuclear, mitochondrial/membrane, and cytosolic subcellular fractions. The proposed methodology allowed the elimination of the cytoskeleton proteins from the cytosolic fraction and of basic proteins from the nuclear fraction. The subsequent protein separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis prior to mass spectrometry analysis allowed the detection of more than 600 spots in each muscle. In the gastrocnemius muscle fractions, it was possible to identify 178 protein spots corresponding to 108 different proteins. In the soleus muscle fractions, 103 different proteins were identified from 253 positive spot identifications. A bulk of cytoskeleton proteins such as actin, myosin light chains, and troponin were identified in the nuclear fraction, whereas mainly metabolic enzymes were detected in the cytosolic fraction. Transcription factors and proteins associated with protein biosynthesis were identified in skeletal muscles for the first time by proteomics. In addition, proteins involved in the mitochondrial redox system, as well as stress proteins, were identified. Results confirm the potential of this methodology to study the differential expressions of contractile proteins and metabolic enzymes, essential for generating functional diversity of muscles and muscle fiber types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Vitorino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Neuparth
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guedes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jason Williams
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Tomer
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Pedro M. Domingues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hans J. Appell
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, D-50927 Cologne, Germany
| | - José A. Duarte
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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14
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Belluoccio D, Wilson R, Thornton DJ, Wallis TP, Gorman JJ, Bateman JF. Proteomic analysis of mouse growth plate cartilage. Proteomics 2007; 6:6549-53. [PMID: 17163436 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage is a highly specialized load-bearing tissue with a small number of cells and a high proportion of extracellular matrix (ECM). The abundance of heavily sulfated proteoglycans and a poorly soluble collagenous ECM presents a major technical challenge to 2-DE. Here we report proteomic analysis of mouse growth plate cartilage using novel methodology for tissue dissection and sample prefractionation. We have successfully resolved cartilage tissue extracts by 2-DE for the first time and identified cartilage ECM proteins by Western blotting and MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Belluoccio
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Doran P, Martin G, Dowling P, Jockusch H, Ohlendieck K. Proteome analysis of the dystrophin-deficient MDX diaphragm reveals a drastic increase in the heat shock protein cvHSP. Proteomics 2006; 6:4610-21. [PMID: 16835851 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most commonly inherited neuromuscular disorder in humans. Although the primary genetic deficiency of dystrophin in X-linked muscular dystrophy is established, it is not well-known how pathophysiological events trigger the actual fibre degeneration. We have therefore performed a DIGE analysis of normal diaphragm muscle versus the severely affected x-linked muscular dystrophy (MDX) diaphragm, which represents an established animal model of dystrophinopathy. Out of 2398 detectable 2-D protein spots, 35 proteins showed a drastic differential expression pattern, with 21 proteins being decreased, including Fbxo11-protein, adenylate kinase, beta-haemoglobin and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, and 14 proteins being increased, including cvHSP, aldehyde reductase, desmin, vimentin, chaperonin, cardiac and muscle myosin heavy chain. This suggests that lack of sarcolemmal integrity triggers a generally perturbed protein expression pattern in dystrophin-deficient fibres. However, the most significant finding was the dramatic increase in the small heat shock protein cvHSP, which was confirmed by 2-D immunoblotting. Confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed elevated levels of cvHSP in MDX fibres. An immunoblotting survey of other key heat shock proteins showed a differential expression pattern in MDX diaphragm. Stress response appears to be an important cellular mechanism in dystrophic muscle and may be exploitable as a new approach to counteract muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Doran
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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