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Nourani N, Taghvimi A, Bavili-Tabrizi A, Javadzadeh Y, Dastmalchi S. Microextraction Techniques for Sample Preparation of Amphetamines in Urine: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:1304-1319. [PMID: 36093632 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychological disorders and dramatic social problems are serious concerns regarding the abuse of amphetamine and its stimulant derivatives worldwide. Consumers of such drugs experience great euphoria along with serious health problems. Determination and quantification of amphetamine-type stimulants are indispensable skills for clinical and forensic laboratories. Analysis of low drug doses in bio-matrices necessitates applications of simple and also effective preparation steps. The preparation procedures not only eliminate adverse matrix effects, but also provide reasonable clean-up and pre-concentration benefits. The current review presents different methods used for sample preparation of amphetamines from urine as the most frequently used biological matrix. The advantages and limitations of various sample preparation methods were discussed focusing on the miniaturized methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Nourani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Taghvimi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Bavili-Tabrizi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, North Cyprus, Turkey
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2
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Zhao LY, Qin M, Wu GP, Zhou YT, Zhu JX, Peng H. Quantitative determination of amphetamine-type stimulants in sewage and urine by hybrid monolithic column solid-phase microextraction coupled with UPLC-QTRAP MS/MS. Talanta 2024; 269:125437. [PMID: 38070282 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A needle-solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method based on hybrid monolithic column (HMC) was proposed for simultaneous separation and extraction of seven amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) (amphetamine, methamphetamine, cathinone, methcathinone, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine), combining with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTRAP MS/MS). Thiol functionalized HMC (T-HMC) showed high extraction efficiency and excellent elution results towards target analytes, among three kinds of single/bi-functionalized HMCs. Various parameters of SPME operation and analytical performance were investigated systematically. The adsorption mechanism of T-HMC to ATSs was also discussed and explained as a mixed mode of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the proposed T-HMC needle-SPME-UPLC-QTRAP MS/MS method was rapid and convenient with good accuracy, low sample consumption, high sensitivity and strong anti-interference ability. This method was successfully applied to quantitative determination of seven trace ATSs in complex sewage and urine samples. In view of abundant types of HMCs, the needle-SPME based on functional HMC also had the potential to selectively separating and enriching other tract new psychoactive substances in complex matrices, and could provide a reliable tool for drug monitoring, especially in applications for forensic analysis and drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Zhao
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Technical and Criminal Inspection of Food, Drug and Environmental Cases, Nanjing 210031, China.
| | - Mian Qin
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Technical and Criminal Inspection of Food, Drug and Environmental Cases, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Guo-Ping Wu
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Technical and Criminal Inspection of Food, Drug and Environmental Cases, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhou
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Zhu
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
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3
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Development of an Efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction Monolithic Column for the Analysis of Estrogens in Human Urine and Serum Samples. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Elboraie MZ, Elbashir AA, Eid EEM, Aboul-Enein HY. Dispersive solid-phase extraction for simultaneous determination of four amphetamines drugs in urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Manousi N, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Bioanalytical HPLC Applications of In-Tube Solid Phase Microextraction: A Two-Decade Overview. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092096. [PMID: 32365828 PMCID: PMC7248733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In-tube solid phase microextraction is a cutting-edge sample treatment technique offering significant advantages in terms of miniaturization, green character, automation, and preconcentration prior to analysis. During the past years, there has been a considerable increase in the reported publications, as well as in the research groups focusing their activities on this technique. In the present review article, HPLC bioanalytical applications of in-tube SPME are discussed, covering a wide time frame of twenty years of research reports. Instrumental aspects towards the coupling of in-tube SPME and HPLC are also discussed, and detailed information on materials/coatings and applications in biological samples are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Paraskevas D. Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-231-099-7663
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6
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Malaca S, Rosado T, Restolho J, Rodilla JM, Rocha PM, Silva L, Margalho C, Barroso M, Gallardo E. Determination of amphetamine-type stimulants in urine samples using microextraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1120:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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A rapid detection method for policy-sensitive amines real-time supervision. Talanta 2018; 178:636-643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Liu WL, Lirio S, Yang Y, Wu LT, Hsiao SY, Huang HY. A poly(alkyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene-vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride) monolithic column for solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1395:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Oghli AH, Alipour E, Asadzadeh M. Development of a novel voltammetric sensor for the determination of methamphetamine in biological samples on the pretreated pencil graphite electrode. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a simple and reliable sensor for the determination of methamphetamine without expensive and time-consuming pretreatments using PPGE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esmaeel Alipour
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Lab
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
| | - Mojtaba Asadzadeh
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Lab
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
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10
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Szultka M, Pomastowski P, Railean-Plugaru V, Buszewski B. Microextraction sample preparation techniques in biomedical analysis. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3094-105. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Szultka
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Pawel Pomastowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Viorica Railean-Plugaru
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Moldova State University; Chisinau Republic of Moldova
| | - Boguslaw Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
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11
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Zaitsev VN, Zui MF. Preconcentration by solid-phase microextraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814080139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Moein MM, Said R, Bassyouni F, Abdel-Rehim M. Solid phase microextraction and related techniques for drugs in biological samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:921350. [PMID: 24688797 PMCID: PMC3943203 DOI: 10.1155/2014/921350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery and development, the quantification of drugs in biological samples is an important task for the determination of the physiological performance of the investigated drugs. After sampling, the next step in the analytical process is sample preparation. Because of the low concentration levels of drug in plasma and the variety of the metabolites, the selected extraction technique should be virtually exhaustive. Recent developments of sample handling techniques are directed, from one side, toward automatization and online coupling of sample preparation units. The primary objective of this review is to present the recent developments in microextraction sample preparation methods for analysis of drugs in biological fluids. Microextraction techniques allow for less consumption of solvent, reagents, and packing materials, and small sample volumes can be used. In this review the use of solid phase microextraction (SPME), microextraction in packed sorbent (MEPS), and stir-bar sorbtive extraction (SBSE) in drug analysis will be discussed. In addition, the use of new sorbents such as monoliths and molecularly imprinted polymers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rana Said
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mohamed Abdel-Rehim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- National Research Center of Egypt, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Kohler I, Schappler J, Rudaz S. Microextraction techniques combined with capillary electrophoresis in bioanalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:125-41. [PMID: 22965532 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, many environmentally sustainable sample-preparation techniques have been proposed, with the objective of reducing the use of toxic organic solvents or substituting these with environmentally friendly alternatives. Microextraction techniques (MEs), in which only a small amount of organic solvent is used, have several advantages, including reduced sample volume, analysis time, and operating costs. Thus, MEs are well adapted in bioanalysis, in which sample preparation is mandatory because of the complexity of a sample that is available in small quantities (mL or even μL only). Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful and efficient separation technique in which no organic solvents are required for analysis. Combination of CE with MEs is regarded as a very attractive environmentally sustainable analytical tool, and numerous applications have been reported over the last few decades for bioanalysis of low-molecular-weight compounds or for peptide analysis. In this paper we review the use of MEs combined with CE in bioanalysis. The review is divided into two sections: liquid and solid-based MEs. A brief practical and theoretical description of each ME is given, and the techniques are illustrated by relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Kohler
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Bd d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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14
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Abstract
The last two decades have provided analysts with more sensitive technology, enabling scientists from all analytical fields to see what they were not able to see just a few years ago. This increased sensitivity has allowed drug detection at very low concentrations and testing in unconventional samples (e.g., hair, oral fluid and sweat), where despite having low analyte concentrations has also led to a reduction in sample size. Along with this reduction, and as a result of the use of excessive amounts of potentially toxic organic solvents (with the subsequent environmental pollution and costs associated with their proper disposal), there has been a growing tendency to use miniaturized sampling techniques. Those sampling procedures allow reducing organic solvent consumption to a minimum and at the same time provide a rapid, simple and cost-effective approach. In addition, it is possible to get at least some degree of automation when using these techniques, which will enhance sample throughput. Those miniaturized sample preparation techniques may be roughly categorized in solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction, depending on the nature of the analyte. This paper reviews recently published literature on the use of microextraction sampling procedures, with a special focus on the field of forensic toxicology.
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15
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Chen C, Zhang X, Long Z, Zhang J, Zheng C. Molecularly imprinted dispersive solid-phase microextraction for determination of sulfamethazine by capillary electrophoresis. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Chen ML, Li LM, Yuan BF, Ma Q, Feng YQ. Preparation and characterization of methacrylate-based monolith for capillary hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1230:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of drugs of abuse in biological specimens of forensic interest. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Gao Q, Lin CY, Luo D, Suo LL, Chen JL, Feng YQ. Magnetic solid-phase extraction using magnetic hypercrosslinked polymer for rapid determination of illegal drugs in urine. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3083-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Chen ML, Suo LL, Gao Q, Feng YQ. Determination of eight illegal drugs in human urine by combination of magnetic solid-phase extraction with capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2099-106. [PMID: 21766481 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using magnetite/silica/poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)/poly(MAA-co-EDMA)) magnetic microspheres, a rapid and high-throughput magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis (MSPE-CZE) method was developed for the determination of illegal drugs (ketamine, amphetamines, opiates, and metabolites). The MSPE of target analytes could be completed within 2 min, and the eight target analytes could be baseline separated within 15 min by CZE with 30 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 2.0) containing 15% v/v ACN as background electrolyte. Furthermore, hydrodynamic injection with field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) was employed to enhance the sensitivity of this MSPE-CZE method. Under such optimal conditions, the limits of detection for the eight target analytes ranged from 0.015 to 0.105 μg/mL. The application feasibility of MSPE-CZE in illegal drugs monitoring was demonstrated by analyzing urine samples, and the recoveries of target drugs for the spiked sample ranging from 85.4 to 110.1%. The method reproducibility was tested by evaluating the intra- and interday precisions, and relative standard deviations of <10.3 and 12.4%, respectively, were obtained. To increase throughput of the analysis, a home-made MSPE array that has potential application to the treatment of 96 samples simultaneously was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Luan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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20
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Kataoka H, Saito K. Recent advances in SPME techniques in biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:926-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Namera A, Nakamoto A, Saito T, Miyazaki S. Monolith as a new sample preparation material: Recent devices and applications. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:901-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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KATAOKA H. Current Developments and Future Trends in Solid-phase Microextraction Techniques for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analyses. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:893-905. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Porous monoliths: sorbents for miniaturized extraction in biological analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3345-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Wei F, Fan J, Zheng MM, Feng YQ. Combining poly (methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction and octadecyl phosphonic acid-modified zirconia-coated CEC with field-enhanced sample injection for analysis of antidepressants in human plasma and urine. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:714-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Kataoka H, Ishizaki A, Nonaka Y, Saito K. Developments and applications of capillary microextraction techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 655:8-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Asensio-Ramos M, Hernández-Borges J, Rocco A, Fanali S. Food analysis: A continuous challenge for miniaturized separation techniques. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3764-800. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Cai Z, Lin Z, Chen X, Jia T, Yu P, Chen X. Electrochemiluminescence detection of methamphetamine based on a Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica nanoparticles/Nafion composite film modified electrode. LUMINESCENCE 2009; 25:367-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Recent developments and applications of microextraction techniques in drug analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:339-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Hu J, Li X, Cai Y, Han H. Hybrid silica polymeric monolith-based in-tube microextraction and CE for determination of bisphenol A in beverages. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2759-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Kumar A, Malik AK. A Review on the Hyphenation of Solid Phase Microextraction with Capillary Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15389580802570192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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CHOODUM A, THAVARUNGKUL P, KANATHARANA P, SMITH NW. Ecstasy Analysis by Monolithic Materials-Capillary Electrochromatography. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:517-22. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aree CHOODUM
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University
| | - Panote THAVARUNGKUL
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University
| | - Proespichaya KANATHARANA
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University
| | - Norman W. SMITH
- Micro Separations Group, Pharmaceutical Science Research Division, King's College, London
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32
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Sun J, Xu X, Wang C, You T. Analysis of amphetamines in urine with liquid-liquid extraction by capillary electrophoresis with simultaneous electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3999-4007. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Li T, Shi ZG, Zheng MM, Feng YQ. Multiresidue determination of sulfonamides in chicken meat by polymer monolith microextraction and capillary zone electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1205:163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Potter OG, Hilder EF. Porous polymer monoliths for extraction: Diverse applications and platforms. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1881-906. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Puig P, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. Sorbent preconcentration procedures coupled to capillary electrophoresis for environmental and biological applications. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 616:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Wu YW, Jiang YY, Xiao TX, Zhang HL. Determination of triptonide by cloud point extraction combined with MEKC. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:865-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Simpson SL, Quirino JP, Terabe S. On-line sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:504-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wu YW, Jiang YY, liu JF, Xiong K. Cloud point extraction combined with micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography determination of benzophenones in cosmetic matrix. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:819-26. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Thabano JR, Breadmore MC, Hutchinson JP, Johns C, Haddad PR. Capillary electrophoresis of neurotransmitters using in-line solid-phase extraction and preconcentration using a methacrylate-based weak cation-exchange monolithic stationary phase and a pH step gradient. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1175:117-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lin B, Zheng MM, Ng SC, Feng YQ. Development of in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to pressure-assisted CEC and its application to the analysis of propranolol enantiomers in human urine. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2771-80. [PMID: 17577883 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A successful hyphenation of in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and pressure-assisted CEC (pCEC) was developed by installing a poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary to the six-port valve in a CEC system. The device designed was appropriate for on-line in-tube SPME coupled to pCEC or muHPLC. The evaluation of this hyphenation was first carried out for in-tube SPME-muHPLC with analytical capillaries packed with 3 microm octadecyl silica (ODS). Theobromine (TB), theophylline (TP), and caffeine (CA) were chosen as model drugs for an easy comparison with the results obtained by in tube SPME-HPLC. The detection limits of these three analytes were improved more than 100 times when compared with the direct analysis by muHPLC. Then in-tube SPME-pCEC with CEC capillaries packed with perphenylcarbamoylated beta-CD-bonded silica particles was applied to the determination and analysis of propranolol enantiomers in human urine. Under optimal extraction and separation conditions, the experimental LODs were 4 and 7 ng/mL for (S)-propranolol and (R)-propranolol, respectively. The calibration curves showed good linearity for both (S)-propranolol (R(2) = 0.9997) and (R)-propranolol (R(2) = 0.9996) over the concentration range from 20 to 5000 ng/mL. Reproducibility of the method was also investigated with intra- and interday precisions lower than 10% for both enantiomers at different concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Zhu G, Zhang L, Yuan H, Liang Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Recent development of monolithic materials as matrices in microcolumn separation systems. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:792-803. [PMID: 17536723 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the development of monolithic materials, including both organic and inorganic polymers, according mainly to the papers published in the past two years. Due to their good permeability, fast mass transfer, high stability, and their ease of modification, such materials have been widely used in microcolumn separation systems, not only as stationary phases for CEC and capillary HPLC, but also as substances for sample concentration and enzyme reactor. All the research results demonstrate that monolithic materials in microseparation systems can be expected to play an increasingly important role in the analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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42
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Cheng HL, Jong YJ, Li JH, Ko WK, Wu SM. Cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping MEKC for direct analysis of methamphetamine and its metabolites in urine. Electrophoresis 2007; 27:4711-6. [PMID: 17080473 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Direct analysis of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and p-hydroxymethamphetamine in urine was achieved by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar EKC. A bare fused-silica capillary (40 cm, 50 microm id) was filled with phosphate buffer (80 mM, pH 3, containing 20% ACN). Then a high-conductivity buffer (100 mM phosphate, pH 3; 6.9 kPa for 2.5 min) was injected. Samples were loaded using electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 600 s) which created long zones of cationic analytes. To enhance sensitivity by sweeping, the stacking step was performed using a phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 3, containing 20% ACN and 100 mM SDS) at -20 kV before separation by MEKC. This method was capable of detecting the analytes at ppb levels. The calibration plots were linear (r(2) >or= 0.9948) over a range of 100-5000 ng/mL for methamphetamine, and 100-2000 ng/mL for amphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine. The LODs (S/N = 3) were 20 ng/mL for methamphetamine, and 15 ng/mL for amphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine. The method was applied to analysis of 14 urine samples of addicts and is suitable for screening suspected samples for forensic purposes. The results showed good agreement with fluorescence polarization immunoassay and GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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43
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Wang S, Zhang R. Preconcentration and Determination of Copper in Aqueous Solution with Epoxy Resin‐based Monolithic Column Containing Large Interconnected Pores. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390601120524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Wang S, Zhang R. Column preconcentration of lead in aqueous solution with macroporous epoxy resin-based polymer monolithic matrix. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 575:166-71. [PMID: 17723587 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this article was to investigate the feasibility of epoxy resin-based monoliths prepared by stepwise polymerization and column preconcentration of metal ions using large-scale monolithic matrix. A novel macroporous polymer monolith matrix was prepared from epoxy resin (EP) and ethylenediamine (EDA) and pore-forming reagent (polyethylene glycol, PEG-1000) by in situ step-addition polymerization. The morphology of the resulting polymer monolith was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge prepared from a simple glass-tube was used for the preconcentration and determination of Pb(II) combined with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The characteristics of the monoliths for the extraction of Pb(II) in aqueous solution were investigated. The experimental results showed that trace Pb(II) ions could be quantitatively preconcentrated in the pH range of 4.0-9.0 with recoveries of >95%. The maximum static adsorption capacity of the monolith adsorbent was 106.8 mg g(-1). The column was eluted by 1.0 mol L(-1) HNO3 and recovery of Pb(II) was more than 97%. Moreover, the polymer monolith adsorbent shows superior reusability and stability. The precision and the accuracy of the proposed procedure were satisfactory by analyzing a standard reference material and three natural water samples. It was shown that the EP-EDA monolith was suitable for the preconcentration of environmental Pb(II) as an ion-selective SPE adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
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Wei F, Zhang M, Feng YQ. Application of poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis to the determination of opiates in human urine. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1939-48. [PMID: 16619301 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (MAA-EGDMA) monolith microextraction method coupled with CZE was proposed for rapidly determining a mixture of opiates comprising heroin, 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, codeine, papaverine, and narcotine in human urine. The extraction device contained a regular plastic syringe, the poly(MAA-EGDMA) monolithic capillary tube (530 microm id x 3 cm) and a plastic pinhead, which connected the monolithic capillary tube and the syringe without leakage. In the polymer monolith microextraction, the sample solution was ejected via the monolithic capillary tube by a programmable syringe pump, followed by desorption with an aliquot of appropriate solution, which was collected into a vial for the subsequent analysis by CZE. The best separation was achieved using a buffer composed of 0.1 M disodium hydrogen phosphate (adjusted to pH 4.5 with 1 M hydrochloric acid) and 20% methanol v/v with temperature and voltage of 25 degrees C and 25 kV, respectively. By applying electrokinetic injection with field-enhanced sample stacking, detection limits of 6.6-19.5 ng/mL were achieved. Excellent method of reproducibility was found over a linear range of 80-2000 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Zhang M, Wei F, Zhang YF, Nie J, Feng YQ. Novel polymer monolith microextraction using a poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith and its application to simultaneous analysis of several angiotensin II receptor antagonists in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1102:294-301. [PMID: 16300774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Revised: 10/15/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) using a poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly(MAA-EGDMA)) monolith in conjunction with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was developed for the determination of several angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA-IIs) in human urine. The extraction device consisted of a regular plastic syringe (1 mL), a poly(MAA-EGDMA) monolithic capillary (2 cm x 530 microm I.D.) and a plastic pinhead connecting the former two components seamlessly. The extraction was achieved by driving the sample solution through the monolithic capillary tube using a syringe infusion pump, and for the desorption step, an aliquot of organic solvent was injected via the monolithic capillary and collected into a vial for subsequent analysis by CZE. The best separation was realized at 25 kV using a buffer that consisted of 50% acetonitrile and 50% buffer solution (v/v) containing 10 mM disodium hydrogenphosphate (adjusted to pH 2.3 with 1M hydrochloric acid). The method was successfully applied to the determination of telmisartan (T), irbesartan (I) and losartan (L) in urine samples with candesartan (C) as internal standard, yielding the detection limit of 15-20 ng/mL. Close correlation coefficients (R>0.999) and excellent method reproducibility were obtained for all the analytes over a linear range of 0.08-3 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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